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2. NAVIGATIONAL AIDS
Electronic System Of Position Fixing
GPS:-
o Explain working principle, system configuration and frequencies used.
o Describe C/A and P code, How position is determined, contents of navigation message, various
DOP's used, Errors and alarms of GPS, accuracy obtainable with GPS and how accuracy can be
downgraded.
o WGS 84 datum- why GPS position cannot be directly plotted on the navigational chart, Datum
shifts, working principle of DGPS and its limitations, Dangers of over reliance on satelite derived
positions, IMO Performance Standards.
o Brief outline of GLONASS and GALILEO.
AIS:-
o Explain purpose of AIS, limitations of AIS, Precautions during use of AIS for collision
avoidance, Pseudo AIS.
o Describe the principle, frequencies used, types of messages and time intervals, information displayed
on AIS screen, IMO performance standards.
VDR/SVDR:-
o Explain purpose of VDR, duration of data storage, modules of VDR, saving and retrieval of data in
case if incidents and training purpose, IMO Performance Standards.
o List data recorded on VDR and SVDR.
LRIT:-
o Explain purpose of LRIT, data transmitted by LRIT, authorized receivers of data.
o Describe diffence between LRIT and AIS.
BNWAS:- Explain Performance standards for BNWAS.
Rate of Turn Indicator (ROTI):-
o Describe procedure to executed a constant radius turn with or with out current.
o Explain the need to monitor the turn, Methods of monitoring the turn, IMO performance Standards.
o Radar plotting exercises with three targets and current and taking action to avoid collision as per
Collision Regulations.
Echo Sounder:-
o Explain basics principle, Effect of density, temperature and pressure on velocity of sound and the limits
in which the true value may lie.
o Describe Ranging and Phasing, Inaccuracies of equipment, scale error and measures to eliminate
them.
o Describe false echoes, errors due to Trim, List & positioning, Various alarms and settings,
IMO performance standards.
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Speed Log:- Explain the difference between ground reference and water reference speed. IMO Performance
Standards.
Doppler speed log:- Describe principle, Janus configuration, Dual axis configuration and its uses during docking
operations, calibrations of the log, the limitations, the errors of doppler log.
Course Recorder:- Explain setting of course Recorder, Information to be recorded on the course recorder by the
operator, alarms of course recorder.
Auto Pilot:-
o Explain the principle, Various setting of the auto-pilot for optimal performance, the procedures and
factors to take into account for change over, Adaptive automatic pilot systems and its functions, various
alarms.
o The need for regular checking and test of auto pilot, The regulations regarding the use of auto pilot.
Magnetic Compass Error and Correction:-
o Explain earth as a magnet, Ship's permanent magnetic field components P, Q and R, Induced
Magnetism, Principles of Magnetic compass, Method of compensating effect of P,Q and R, Method of
compensating effect of induced magnetism, why a deviation curve made in one hemisphere and
position cannot be used in the other hemisphere.
o Describe method of obtaining table of deviation/ deviation curve.
Gyro Compass Error and Corrections:-
o Calculate error on gyro compass given latitude, speed, course steered and ratio between control and
damping process.
o List the equipment getting heading inputs from gyro compass, outline the performance standards of
gyro compass.
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o Explain advantages and disadvantages of steam, electric and hydraulic drive for winches.
o Describe routine maintenance including lubrication of deck machinery, Describe with sketch windlass
drive system.
Hydraulic system:-
o Describe Hydraulic accumulator, ram and rotary vane actuators, common failures of system and
remedial measures.
o State necessity for cooling/ heating of hydraulic oil.
Diesel Engines:-
o Describe working principle of two stroke and four stroke internal combustion engines.
o Compare and contrast, Two stroke and four stroke internal combustion engines.
o Explain causes of Scavenges fires and remedial actions, Causes of Crankcase explosions, super
charging.
o Describe preparation of diesel engine for Standby mode, procedure for starting and reversing.
o State number of starts is limited by capacity of starting air reservoir.
o Draw a block diagram of fuel oil system from bunker tank to injection, lubricating oil system, cooling
water system.
Steam turbine system:-
o Explain working principle of, impulse turbine, reaction turbine.
o Describe steam turbine and its bearing, procedure for warming through a steam turbine for
manoeuvring, procedure for manoeuvring using a steam turbine (forward & astern).
Propeller and propeller shaft:-
o Define pitch, slip and efficiency of a propeller.
o Calculate percentage apparent slip, real slip, Ship's speed given rpm, mean pitch and percentage
slip, Indicated power, shaft power, delivered power and effective power.
o Explain how propeller thrust is transmitted to the hull, how propeller shaft is supported, how propeller is
secured to tail shaft.
o Describe operation of a controllable pitch propeller.
Bridge Control:-
o Describe with block diagram of control systems for main Engine and bridge control of controllable pitch
propeller.
o List indicators and alarm provided with bridge control, indicators for lateral thrusters.
o Explain arrangements and operation of lateral thrusters, main engine starting arrangement, purpose
of turbocharger and need to control rpm whilst carrying out turbocharger washing.
Engine room watch keeping:-
o Describe arrangement necessary for appropriate and effective engineering watches to be maintained
for the purpose of safety under normal circumstances and UMS operations.
o Describe arrangements necessary to ensure a safe engineering watch is maintained when carrying
dangerous cargo.
4. MARITIME LEGISLATION
Introduction to Maritime Law.
Law of the Sea (UNCLOS):- Define (as per THE TERRITORIAL WATERS, CONTINENTAL SHELF,
EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE AND OTHER MARITIME ZONES ACT, 1976 as amended) Territorial sea and
the contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf, International straits, High seas.
International Convention on Load Lines, 1966:-
o Describe requirements for initial and periodical surveys, requirements for periodical inspections.
o List fittings and appliances to be inspected, circumstance in which LLC would be cancelled, contents
of record of conditions of assignment of freeboard.
International Convention for the Safety of Life at sea, 1974 as amended (SOLAS):-
o Describe procedure for testing of ship's steering gear, change over procedure for remote steering gear,
requirements for emergency steering drills, general requirements for carriage of navigational
equipments.
o List the chapters of SOLAS and brief outline of the contents as covered therein, log book entries to be
made regarding steering gear and emergency drills, the amendments to SOLAS (within last three
years).
International Convention on Standards of Training and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978 (STCW) as amended:-
o Explain 2010 Manila amendments to STCW 78.
o Explain Aims, objectives and general provisions of the Convention for the suppression of unlawful
act against the Safety of Maritime Navigation 1988 as amended.
o Explain Aims and objectives of the regulations, ITU Radio Regulations.
o Explain contents and purpose of MARPOL, OPA - 90, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination system
(NPDES) of the U.S Clean water Act.
o Explain particularly sea sensitive areas, discharge provisions for oil and oily waste from machinery
spaces outside special areas and within special area.
o Describe content of SOPEP, Vessel Response Plan (VRP), Notification procedures as per SOPEP and
VRP.
o Describe Entries to be made in OIL Record Book (Part 1, Machinery Space Operations) and Part ll (
cargo and ballast operations).
o Describe need to maintain records, contents and validity of IOPP certificate and annexures.
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o Explain contents of MARPOL Annex ll, Chemical discharge criteria in special and other areas, need
to maintain records, entries to be made in cargo record book for chemical cargoes, SMPEP.
o State notification procedure for loading/unloading harmful substances as per MARPOL Annex III.
o Explain discharge criteria for Sewage (Annex lV), Holding tanks, Nearest land, Contents and validity of
ISPP certificate and annexures).
o Explain (with regards to annex V) special areas, discharge criteria, Garbage management plan, entries
in Garbage record book, need for maintaining records.
o Explain (with regards to ballast water management):- Ballast water management plan, need for
maintaining
records, ballast water management convention.
o Describe (with regards to Annex lV) SECA (Sulphur Emission Control area), Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOC) managements plan, Contents and validity of IAPP certificate and annexures.
London Dumping Convention (LDC):- Define dumping, waste or other matters, special permit and general
permit. Explain Aims of the convention.
Intervention convention:- Define Maritime casualty, Related Interests. Describe the rights of parties to
intervene on high seas.
Civil Liability convention (CLC) and Fund Convention:- Define Pollution damage, Incident. State Exceptions to
liability & Limitations to liability.
Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response & Co-operation Convention (OPRC) as amended (OPRC - HNS Protocol):-
o Explain Aims, objectives and general provisions of the convention.
o Explain reporting incidents. Explain need for prompt reporting & probability of discharge.
Passengers:-
o Explain special trade passenger ships agreement, protocol and rules on space requirements for
special trade passenger ships, 1973, General provisions of Athens Convention relating to the carriage
of Passengers and their luggage by Sea.
International Convention On Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969 as amended:- Define Gross Tonnage, net
Tonnage, Excluded space. List the information available in International Tonnage Certificate.
ILO Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) - 2006:-
a) Minimum requirements for seafarers to work on ships: minimum age, medical certificates, training and
qualification, requirements and placement.
b) Conditions of Employment: Seafarers Employment Agreements, Wages, Hours of Work and Hours of Rest,
Entitlement to leave, Repatriation, Seafarer compensation for the ship's loss or Foundering, Manning Levels,
careers and skill development and opportunities for seafarer's employment.
c) Accommodation, Recreation Facilities, Food and Catering.
d) Health Protection, Medical Care, Welfare & Social Security Protection: Medical care on-board ship and
ashore, Ship-owners Liability, Health & Safety Protection and Accident Prevention, Access to Shore-based
Welfare Facilities, Social Security.
e) Compliance and Enforcement.
i) Flag State Responsibilities: General Principles, Authorization of recognized Organizations,
Maritime Labour Certificate and Declaration of Maritime Labour Compliance, Inspection and Enforcement,
On-board Complaint Procedures, Marine Casualties.
ii) Port State Responsibilities: Inspection in port, Detailed inspection, Detection, On-shore Seafarer
Complaint, Handling Procedures.
iii) Labour supplying Responsibilities: Recruitment and Placement services, Social security provisions.
International Health Regulations (IHR):-
o Define Arrival of Ship, Baggage, Container, Crew, Epidemic, Free pratique, In quarantine, International
voyage.
o Define Requirements of Ship Sanitation/ ship sanitation Exemption Certificate, Master’s obligation
concerning maritime declaration of health.
Convention on facilitation of International Maritime traffic, (FAL 1965):-
o State the purpose of the convention, IMO Standard forms for general declaration, cargo declaration,
ship's and crew effect
declaration, crew list and passenger list.
o List the documents for arrival or departure of ships.
o Explain Standard and Recommended practices regarding documentation under FAL convention.
Noting protests:- Explain note of protest, conditions in which Note of Protest is to be filed, Extended Note of
Protest.
Collision:- Describe duties of Master after collision, Explain apportionment of Liability, State convention applies
where even no collision has taken place.
International Salvage Convention:-
o Define salvage, Vessel, Property. Describe No cure- No Pay principle, Application of convention,
Duties of Salvor, Owner and Master, Right of Salvor.
o Explain criteria for assessing reward, criteria for assessing special compensation (SCOPIC Clause),
Apportionment of the remuneration.
o Explain The contents and clauses of Lloyd's Standard Form of Salvage Agreement (LOF).
Convention on Limitation of Liability for maritime Claims:-
o State scope of application of convention.
o List persons entitled to limit liability, claims subject to limitation of liability, claims exempted from
limitation, circumstances in which limitation would be barred.
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5. SHIP CONTRUCTION
Define tensile Strength, ductility, Hardness, Toughness, Yield Point, Ultimate tensile stress, Modules
of Elasticity, Stress/Brittle/Fatigue Fracture, Mild steel, Strain.
Explain with Stress and Strain curve.
Explain Advantages of use of aluminum alloys, Use of higher tensile steel and hazards associated with them.
How aluminum superstructure strength is preserved.
List examples where castings or forgings are used.
State Ship building steel is tested, graded and stamped with approval marks.
Describe Precautions against corrosion where aluminum is connected to steel work.
Explain General layout of a ship yard and co-operation between departments with block diagrams.
Describe and sketch sheer plan, half breadth plan, body plan.
Describe various tests for ship building steel.
Explain conditions of Assignment of freeboard.
Define Margin line, Forward and aft perpendicular, LBP, Sub divisional load lines, minimum bow height, factor
of sub-division, Garboard and Sheer strake.
Explain Multiple load lines, Type A and Type B ships.
List Items to be inspected during annual, periodical and renewal surveys.
Explain Gross tonnage, Net tonnage, Exclude spaces, Enclosed spaces.
Calculate Gross tonnage, Net tonnage.
Explain Floodable length, permissible length and sub division load line.
Explain Types of bulkheads and standard fire tests.
Sketch and label mid ship section of following ships: general cargo ship, cellular container ship, hatch
cover less cellular container vessel, Bulk carrier, Double hull oil tanker, Chemical tanker, LPG carrier,
LNG carrier, OBO vessel, Ro-Ro Vessel.
6. SHIP STABILITY
Moment of Inertia calculations:-
Explain Theorem of parallel axis.
Calculate Moment of Inertia of Rectangular and curvi-linear surface (using vertical or horizontal ordinates)
about a stated axis.
Calculate BML and BMT of a ship given ordinates of water plane area, KM of a vessel in a floating dry-dock after
taking to the blocks.
Thrust due to liquid pressure:- Define Centre of pressure and Thrust.
Calculate Centre of pressure and thrust of rectangular and curvi-linear surface (using vertical or horizontal
ordinates) at a stated liquid level.
0
State (i) GZ = GM sin 0 for angles of heel up to 10
2 0
(ii) GZ = (GM + ½ BM tan 0) sin 0 for angles of heel greater than 10
(iii) BM = i/V
(iv) KM = KB + BM
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