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Activity 1
Draw the
arrangement of
particles
Arrangement of The particles are The particles are The particles are
1
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 2: The Structure of Atom
3. State the change of matter for each conversion in the spaces provided.
5. The graph below shows the change in temperature with time when a matter in solid state was
heated.
Temperature/ OC
D
Time/s
6. (a) The graph below shows the change in temperature with time when a matter in liquid state is left
to cool.
Temperature / OC
3
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 2: The Structure of Atom
P
QQ R
A BA
SD
A
A
Time/s
Based on the graph above, complete the table below.
Point State of matter Explanation
4
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 2: The Structure of Atom
Rutherford’s atomic
model proposed by Ernest Rutherford discovered …………….,
a positively-charged particle in an atom.
…………………… in The central region of atom has a very small
1911 positively-charged …………………..…,
which contains almost all the mass of the
atom.
Activity 4
1. Atoms are made up of subatomic particles namely protons, …………… and …………..
5
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 2: The Structure of Atom
7. The standard representation for an atom of any element shows the proton number and the
nucleon number of the element. It can be written as follows:
A
Z X
# A – Nucleon number
Z – proton number
X – symbol of element
1 21 Proton number 2
H Sc Nucleon number He
1 45 4
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be B C N O F Ne
7 9 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
23 24 27 28 31 32 35 40
19 20 21
K Ca Sc
39 40 45
By referring to part of the Periodic Table of Element above, complete the table below.
Aluminium
Argon
Beryllium
Boron
Calcium
Carbon
Chlorine
Fluorine
6
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 2: The Structure of Atom
Helium
Hydrogen
Lithium
Magnesium
Neon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Potassium
Learning Outcomes
You should be able to:
• state the meaning of isotope,
• list examples of elements with isotopes,
• determine the number of subatomic particles of isotopes,
• justify the uses of isotope in daily life.
Activity 5
Fill in the blanks.
1. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the ………………………. of proton but
……………………………….. of neutron.
7
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 2: The Structure of Atom
35 35 Bromine-81
3. For each of the isotope list below, state one of its uses.
Learning Outcomes
You should be able to:
• describe electron arrangements of elements with proton numbers 1 to 20,
• draw electron arrangement of an atom in an element,
• state the meaning of valence electrons,
• determine the number of valence electrons from the electron arrangement of an atom.
Activity 6
1. Electrons are filled in specific shells, starting with the shell nearest to the nucleus of the atom.
Every shell can be filled only with a certain number of electrons.
Number of protons
Number of electrons
Number of neutrons
Proton number
Nucleon number
8
Electron arrangement
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 2: The Structure of Atom
(b) Draw the electron arrangement of a chlorine atom, Cl in the box and complete the table given.
Number of protons
Number of electrons
Number of neutrons
Proton number
Nucleon number
Electron arrangement
x
x 3 Valence electrons are electrons in the ………………..………… shell of a neutral atom.
4 Identify the number of valence electrons in these atoms according to its electron arrangement.