COURSE: AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM (AKD20403)

TITLE: ANTI-SKID BRAKE CONTROL

ASSIGNMENT NO: 10

PREPARED BY:

MUHAMMAD AFIQ BIN AZMAN(53104118098)

4AVM2
MUHAMAD AIMAN BIN ASKAN(53104118250)
4AVM2
MUHAMMAD AFIQ AIMAN BIN MD IRZAN(53104118138)
4AVM2
NUR ATIQAH NABILAH BT RAZALI(53104118185)
4AVM2
IZZAT AMIR FAIQ BIN MUHAINI(53104118267)
4AVM1

DATE OF SUBMISSION : 22 MAY 2020

1
 CHAPTER 7 – ANTI SKID BRAKE CONTROL

1. During touch down, what 2 inputs must the anti-skid control box see, in order to
de-energize the control valve and allow full brake pressure? {10 points} Some
detail expected.
During touch down, the 2 inputs that the anti-skid control box see are the squat
switch and wheel spin sensor need to be at least 20 mph. The squat switch will
opens up and the wheel spins up. By the time the wheel speed reaches 20 mph
the voltage generated in the wheel speed sensor is high enough to cause the
locked wheel detector to remove the touchdown control signal from the
amplifier,the flapper de-energized the control valve thus allows full pressure to
be applied to the brakes.

2. What circuitry in the control box provides most of the control when the aircraft
wheel is spinning more than 20 MPH, and on the ground? {10 points} Some
detail expected
The circuitry in the control box that provides most of the control when the
aircraft wheel is spinning more than 20 mph, and on ground is done by skid
detector and modulator. A deceleration threshold of about 6mph @ 20 fps, (with
a wheel speed that of at least 6 mph below A/C’s speed) is designed inside the
skid detector circuit as a reference).Any time a wheel decelerates at a rate higher
(i.e 5mph) than this threshold value, a signal (starting from wheel speed sensor,
then to skid detector) is sent to the amplifier and then to the control valve to
dump the brake pressure to avoid skidding. At this same time, the skid detector
sends a signal to the modulator which by measuring the width of the skid
detector signal, automatically establishes the amount of current that will
continue to flow through the valve after the wheel has recovered from the skid.
When the amplifier receives signal from the modulator, it maintains this current
which is just high enough to hold the flapper over to prevent the pressure from
being completely dumped, BUT the pressure maintained is slightly less than that
which caused the skid. A timer circuit in the modulator then allows this pressure
to increase slowly until another skid starts to occur and the cycle repeats itself

3. What is the function of the skid detector circuit? {5 points}

The function of skid detector circuit are to monitor the deceleration rate and sent
signals to the modulator. Signal (starting from wheel speed sensor then to skid
detector) is sent to the amplifier and to the control valve whenever the wheel
decelerates at higher rate than its deceleration threshold of about 6 mph at 20
fps. The skid detector sends a signal to the modulator which by measuring the
width of the skid detector signal.

2
4. What are the advantages of the anti-skid brake control system compared with the
old way of applying a brake during aircraft landing? {10 points} Some detail
expected
The anti-skid system, through various mechanisms, compares the speed of the
aircraft with the rotational speed of each main wheel. If the speed of any wheel
is too slow for the existing aircraft speed, the brake on that wheel (or wheels) is
released momentarily to allow the wheel speed to increase and prevent the wheel
from skidding. The system is fully automatic and is active from immediately
after initial wheel spin up on landing (during which time brake activation might
(or might not) be inhibited) down to a design limited minimum speed; usually
about 15 knots meanwhile, in early aircraft, transmission of the brake control
input to the braking device was mechanical that most often through cables. This
was inefficient and could only be effectively used in small aircraft. Anti-skid
systems are designed to minimize aquaplaning and the potential tyre damage
which can occur when a wheel is locked or rotating at a speed which does not
correspond to the speed of the aircraft. Anti-skid removes the possibility of
reverted rubber skids caused by locked wheels. An anti-skid system also greatly
improves stopping distance on substandard surfaces such as gravel or grass and
is particularly effective on surfaces contaminated with frozen contaminants such
as ice or slush by ensuring maximum effective breaking.

5. What is the function of the modulation circuit? {5 points)

The function of the modulation circuit are to sends signals to the control valve
and to regulate the flow of fluid in and out of the brakes. Signals from the skid
detector that was sent to modulator by measuring the width of the skid detector
signals automatically establishes the amount of current that will continue to flow
through the control valve after the wheel has recovered from the skid.

6. How can wheel speed sensors be checked during maintenance? {5 points}

DC type wheel speed sensors can be checked by removing the hubcap to expose
the sensor blade. With the brakes applied, and the anti skid switch ON give the
blade a spin in the normal direction. This should cause the brakes to
momentarily release and then reapply.Observe this by watching the disc stack
which should relax (loosen) then tighten back up. It should not turn more than
about 180 degrees. If this test (spin the blades) does not cause the brakes to
release, then the resistance of the wheel speed sensor armature must be checked.
Remove the connector from the wheel speed sensor and measure the armature
resistance while rotating the blade through 360 degrees. Armature resistance
must be within specified limits. Next check the polarity of the output from the
wheel speed sensor in accordance with specified instructions.

7. How can control unit be checked during maintenance? {5 points}

The control unit can be checked by removing both of the connector plugs from
the control box and swap them over (left to right). Then, retest the system.If the
system fault remains on the same side, then the control box is serviceable. If the
fault changes sides then the control box should be replaced. Be sure that the
connectors are re-installed in their correct receptacles.

3
8. How can the control valves be checked for maintenance? {5 points}
For maintenance purposes, the resistance of the coil can be checked, and if this
is within specified limits the problem is a hydraulic one.In either case the control
valve is usually replaced. If the control valve can be serviced in the field, then it
must be done in an area free from any contamination as they are very susceptible
to damage from contaminated fluids

9. What is the circuit inside a control unit that prevents the pilot from landing with
the brakes applied and explain how the circuit works? {5 points}
The circuit inside a control unit that prevents pilot from landing with brakes
applied is the locked-wheel detector. Before the aircraft touches down, the
locked wheel detector sends a signal to the amplifier causing the control valve to
open the passage between the brakes and the system return manifold. This
makes it impossible to land with the brakes applied.

10. What is the most logical place to begin troubleshooting an anti-skid system and
why is it so? {5 points}

The most logical place to begin troubleshooting an anti-skid system is with the
wheel speed sensor. This is because, whee speed sensor is the most likely
defective component.

11. What is meant by hydroplaning and what are the conditions that may cause
hydroplaning? {8 points} Some detail expected

Hydroplaning is a condition that exists when two contacting surfaces in relative

motion are separated by a fluid layer.In the case of the aircraft, the fluid layer
separated the tire from the runway or in the other word, an aircraft experiences
reduced or total loss of friction between the wheels and runway surface. There
are three types of hydroplaning which are dynamic hydroplaning, reverted
rubber hydroplaning, and viscous hydroplaning. It is possible to experience more
than one of these in a single incident, and you may not always experience them
to the same degree. In dynamic hydroplaning which occurs at higher speeds, the
water being displaced by the aircraft produces sufficient pressure to lift the
wheels partially or completely off the ground. When the wheels are no longer in
contact with the runway surface, this is called total dynamic hydroplaning.
Reverted rubber hydroplaning happens when the brakes have been locked in
place, often during an attempt to control another type of hydroplaning. As the
wheels heat up, the rubber begins to melt and heat the water on the runway
surface. This creates steam between the wheel and the runway surface, causing
the tires lose friction. Viscous hydroplaning happens at low speeds while using
smooth runways. This tends to happen when a layer of oil or water creates an
impenetrable barrier on the runway preventing the wheels from gaining friction.

4
12. Why does a modulated anti-skid brake system hold some pressure in the brake,
rather than releasing it all? {7 points}

A modulated anti-skid brake system hold some pressure in the brake, rather than
releasing it all because some pressure is maintained just enough to prevent the
pressure plate from moving all of the way back so brake can be reapplied
instantly. The pressure maintained is slightly less than that which causes the skid.

13. What is the function of the anti-skid brake valve for normal brake operation? {5
points}
For normal operation of the brakes when no skid is being indicated, the function
of the anti-skid brake valve is to allows brake fluid to flow in and out of the
brake with the valve serving only as a passage.

14. What is the function of the flapper valve in the brake control valve? {5 points}
The function of the flapper valve in the brake control valve is that the movement
of the flapper changes the pressure drops across the fixed orifices. During skid
impending, signal from control box energized flapper and thus the open passage
from the brake to the return.

15. Explain what are the procedure involved when doing the ground test and what
should be expected when the anti-skid system is working fine? {10 points} Some
detail expected
During ground test, with the anti-skid control switch ON, depress the brake
pedals: both the left and right brake lights should ‘come on’. [Brake pressure is
there]NO signal to amplifier thus NO signal to control valve because locked
wheel detector inoperative due to speed is zero (ground test) and the locked
wheel arming circuit is not grounded. Servo valve is fully open –all pressure go
to the brake.Now with the brakes still applied, press the test switch. This sends a
signal through the wheel speed sensors to the control boxes to simulate a wheel
speed in excess of 20 mph. This signal voltage is high enough to arm the locked
wheel detector and also high enough to keep them from sending a signal to the
amplifier [> 20 mph]. Since there is still no signal from the amplifier, the control
valve is not energized and the flapper de-energized thus all pressure from brake
valve go to brake and the lights stay ‘ON’. While the test switch is held down,
the capacitor in the arming system is being charged. While release the test
switch, the two brake ‘lights should go out’ and stay out for a couple of seconds
and then ‘come back on’. When the switch is released, the signal voltage drops
to zero, indicating complete lock up of the wheels,0 mph. The capacitor hold the
voltage on the arming circuit so the locked wheel detectors can work, signal
produced and then energizing the amplifiers. Current is sent to control valve,
dumping all of the pressure into the return causing the lights to go out. As soon
as the capacitor in the arming circuit becomes discharged, the locked wheel
detectors can no longer work, so the signal is removed from the amplifier and
the control valves returns to its normal condition and the brakes are re-applied.
The brake ‘lights come back on’.This tests will check the continuity of all the
wiring and the operation of the locked wheel circuits, the amplifiers and the
control valves.