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OUTLINE Medicine beliefs incorporating plant, animal and mineral-

I. Ethical considerations in c. Biologically Based based medicines, spiritual therapies, manual
Unorthodox Medicine Therapies techniques and exercises, applied singularly or
a. Historical developments d. Manipulative and Body in combination to treat, diagnose and prevent
b. Developments in CAM based methods illnesses or maintain well-being (WHO).
c. Philippine Experience in e. Energy Therapies Conventional medicine as practiced by holders of M.D. and
CAM f. Body Movement/Exercise Medicine D.D.M. degrees and by their allied health
d. CAM policy and practice Therapy professionals, such as physical therapists,
in the Philippines III. Issues and psychologists and registered nurses. Other
II. Major types of CAM Controversies terms used include allopathy, Western,
a. Alternative Medical IV. Framework mainstream, orthodox, regular medicine and
Systems V. Myths vs Facts biomedicine.
b. Mind Body Interventions VI. 3A Reports – Start
sa page 4 II. MAJOR TYPES OF CAM
ALTERNATIVE MEDICAL SYSTEMS
I. ETHICAL CONSDERATIONS IN UNORTHODOX  Built upon complete systems of theory and practice
MEDICINE
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE
 World Health Organization (WHO): 1978 Alma Ata Declaration on  The current name for an ancient system of health care from China.
Primary Health Care (PHC): Integration of Traditional Medicine in  TCM is based on a concept of balanced qi (pronounced "chee"), or
PHC vital energy, that is believed to flow throughout the body.
 Qi is proposed to regulate a person's spiritual, emotional, mental,
 1999: US Congress established the National Center for
and physical balance and to be influenced by the opposing forces
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) in the National
of yin (negative energy) and yang (positive energy).
Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda, Maryland.  Disease is proposed to result from the flow of qi being disrupted
and yin and yang becoming imbalanced.
DEVELOPMENTS IN COMPLEMENTARY AND  Among the components of TCM are herbal and nutritional therapy,
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE (CAM) restorative physical exercises, meditation, acupuncture, and
 64% of medical schools in the USA offer elective courses in CAM remedial massage.
(EDCAM 1998)
 One third of American adults have used alternative treatments. ACUPUNCTURE
(WHO 1999)  A method of healing developed in China at least 2,000 years ago.
 74% of the British public are in favor of complementary medicine  Literally means ‘prick with a needle’
within the framework of the National Health Service System (WHO  It describes a family of procedures involving stimulation of
1999). anatomical points on the body by a variety of techniques.
 Has been the most studied scientifically
PHILIPPINE EXPERIENCE IN CAM  Involves penetrating the skin with thin, solid, metallic needles that
 Mid-70’s: Private physicians started training in acupuncture in are manipulated by the hands or by electrical stimulation.
China  Aim: to establish whether there is an imbalance of natural forces
 Early 1980’s: DOH physicians trained acupuncture in China; herbal and to rectify it by using needles at certain points of the body
medicine production started  The specific points of the body into which acupuncture needles are
 1993-95: DOH established the Traditional Medicine Unit which inserted are located along meridians
promoted the use of medicinal plants, acupuncture and therapeutic o Meridians are pathways or energy channels believed to be
massage
related to the internal organs of the body
 The needles are used to decrease the flow of energy or to unblock
CAM POLICY AND PRACTICE IN THE PHILIPPINES if it is impeded
 Republic Act 8433 established the Philippine Institute for  The needle is inserted into the skin and is twisted between the
Traditional and Complementary Health Care (PITAHC) in 1997 as acupuncturist’s thumb and forefinger or draw the energy from a
an attached agency of the DOH. point
 Filipino physicians have organized the Philippine Association of  Depth varies from just below the skin to up to 12 mm; up to 15
Medical Acupuncturists Inc (PAMAI) and the Philippine College for needles can be used, but 5 are enough
the Advancement of Medicine (PCAM) to promote the practice of  Length of time the needles are left in varies from a few
CAM. minutes to half an hour
DEFINITION OF TERMS  Uses:
Complementar group of diverse medical and health care o Rheumatism, back pain, arthritis, stress
y and systems, practices and products that are not o Colitis, digestive trouble, insomnia, asthma
Alternative presently considered to be part of o Allergy, withdrawal symptoms
Medicine (CAM) conventional medicine. (National Center for o Anesthesia during childbirth, dentistry and for operations
Complementary and Alternative Medicine –  How does it work?
NCCAM, NIH, USA) o Prevent the perception of pain by blocking the pain signal
Complementar used together with conventional medicine o Stimulates the release of endorphins and enkephalins into the
y Medicine CNS thereby giving pain relief
Alternative used in place of conventional medicine o Patients can generally expect to feel an improvement after 4 to
Medicine 6 sessions of therapy, the beneficial effects occurring gradually
Integrative combines mainstream medical therapies
Medicine and CAM therapies for which there is some AYURVEDA
high-quality scientific evidence of safety and  Practiced primarily in the Indian subcontinent for 5,000 years.
effectiveness
 Includes diet and herbal remedies and emphasizes the use of
Traditional health practices, approaches, knowledge and body, mind, and spirit in disease prevention and treatment.
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 MEDICAL ETHICS III
COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE
 Naturopathic medicine proposes that there is a healing power in
the body that establishes, maintains, and restores health.
 Practitioners work with the patient with a goal of supporting this
power, through treatments such as nutrition and lifestyle
counseling, dietary supplements, medicinal plants, exercise,
homeopathy, and treatments from traditional Chinese medicine.
 Philosophical approach of Naturopathic Medicine
o prevention of disease
o encouragement of the body's inherent healing abilities
o natural treatment of the whole person, personal responsibility
for one's health
o education of patients in health-promoting lifestyles
HOMEOPATHY
 It is a natural, non-toxic therapeutic system of healing which
assists the natural ability of the body to heal itself
 Based on the principle that "like cures like”
 Greek words homeo and pathos, which literally translates as
"similar suffering"
 Principle: A substance which is capable of producing symptoms of
disease in a healthy person can cure a patient presenting a similar
pattern of disease.
 Use minute amounts of substances from plant, mineral or animal
sources to stimulate a person's innate healing ability and to
strengthen his or her entire system
AROMATHERAPY
 Involves the use of essential oils (extracts or essences) from
flowers, herbs, and trees to promote health and well-being.
MIND-BODY INTERVENTIONS
 Uses a variety of techniques designed to enhance the mind’s
capacity to affect bodily function and symptoms
FAITH HEALING
 Interrelatedness of self with forces and elements of nature
 Spirituality and intense religiosity
 Cultural disposition for magic and the mystical
PRAYER
 ORASYON (written)
o Prayers are scribed on pieces of paper or cloth which is then
applied to the area of pathology
o Prayers written direct on the skin which is being uttered in a
whisper
 BULONG (whispered)
o Prayers whispered during the course of the healing or
manipulation
o Also often used in countering evil spirits
o Also used in preventing physical harm or as an added ritual to
many mundane events
o Occasionally shared with loved ones and friends and held as a
ready-to-use memorized prayer for whenever the need should
arise
EXTRASENSORY PERCEPTION
 Supernatural phenomenon or super will power
 Within the unconsciousness of each person since human beings
are created
 The power of the unconsciousness
o Can be controlled by your thought and directed to anywhere
you go
o It can see through into the 10-year future indirectly
o It has infinite knowledge
o Anyone can apply it to everything in their daily life to make it
bright and happy
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TAWAS
 Use in the purview of albularyo for a variety of febrile conditions,
child’s incessant crying or failure to thrive
 Used to ‘cross’ the forehead and other suspicious or ailing parts of
the body as prayers are whispered (bulong)
 Then placed on glowing embers, removed when it starts to crack,
transferred to a small receptacle of water
 As it cools, it spread on the water surface and assumes a form or
shape that may suggest the cause of illness: dwarfs, devils or other
evil spirits (na-nuno, nakulan, na-demonyo)
BIOLOGICALLY BASED THERAPIES
 Use substances found in nature (herbs, foods, and vitamins)
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
 Products (other than tobacco) taken by mouth that contains a
"dietary ingredient" intended to supplement the diet.
 Dietary ingredients may include vitamins, minerals, herbs or other
botanicals, amino acids, and substances such as enzymes, organ
tissues, and metabolites.
 Come in many forms, including extracts, concentrates, tablets,
capsules, gel caps, liquids, and powders.
 They have special requirements for labeling and are considered
foods, not drugs.
 Key Points in dietary supplements
o It's important to know that just because an herbal supplement
is labeled "natural" does not mean it is safe or without any
harmful effects.
o Herbal supplements can act in the same way as drugs.
o Women who are pregnant or nursing should be especially
cautious about using herbal supplements, since these products
can act like drugs. This caution also applies to treating children
with herbal supplements.
o It is important to consult your health care provider before using
an herbal supplement, especially if you are taking any
medications (whether prescription or over-the-counter).
o The word "standardized" on a product label is no guarantee of
higher product quality, since in the United States there is no
legal definition of "standardized" (or "certified" or "verified") for
supplements.
o The active ingredient(s) in many herbs and herbal supplements
are not known.
o Some herbal supplements have been found to be
contaminated with metals, unlabeled prescription drugs,
microorganisms, or other substances.
o There has been an increase in the number of Web sites that
sell and promote herbal supplements on the Internet. The
Federal Government has taken legal action against a number
of company sites because they have been shown to contain
incorrect statements and to be deceptive to consumers. It is
important to know how to evaluate the claims that are made for
supplements.
MANIPULATIVE AND BODY BASED METHODS
 Based on manipulation and/or movements of one or more parts of
the body
CHIROPRACTIC
 It focuses on the relationship between bodily structure
(primarily that of the spine) and function, and how that
relationship affects the preservation and restoration of health.
 Relieve pain by manipulations and to correct any problems that
are present in joints and muscles especially the spine
 Chiropractors use manipulative therapy as an integral treatment
 Manipulative technique includes the upper and lower spine will
then be rotated manually but in opposite ways
OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE
 A form of conventional medicine that, in part, emphasizes
diseases arising in the musculoskeletal system.
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COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
 There is an underlying belief that all of the body's systems work
together, and disturbances in one system may affect function
elsewhere in the body.
 Some osteopathic physicians practice osteopathic manipulation, a
full-body system of hands-on techniques to alleviate pain, restore
function, and promote health and well-being.
THERAPEUTIC MASSAGE
 The natural reaction to reach out and touch a painful part of the
body
 Aim:
o to use relaxation, stimulation and invigoration to promote good
health
 Psychological benefits
o enjoyment of touch and of being stroked and caressed by
another person
 Contraindications
o phlebitis, varicose veins, thrombosis
 Benefits:
o Increase the circulation of the blood and cause the blood
vessels to dilate
o Increase the oxygen capacity by 10 to 15%
o Improve lymphatic drainage
 Basic forms:
o Percussion (drumming)
o Friction (pressure)
o Effleurage (stroking)
o Petrissage (kneading)
ACUPRESSURE
 Pressure exerted is believed to regulate the energy that flows
along the meridians
 Certain ‘pressure points’ are located in various parts of the body
and these are used by the practitioner by massaging firmly with the
thumb or fingertip
REFLEXOLOGY
 A technique of diagnosis and treatment in which certain areas if the
body, particularly the feet, are massaged to alleviate pain and
other symptoms in the organs of the body
 Applied to 10 zones (energy channels) to the surface of the body,
and these zones or channels, were considered to be path along
which flowed a person’s vital energy or energy force
 Contraindications: DM, heart disorders, osteoporosis, disorders
of the thyroid gland, phlebitis, and pregnant women
ENERGY THERAPIES
 Biofield therapies
o Intended to affect energy field that purportedly surround and
penetrate the human body
o Qi gong, Reiki, Prannic healing, Therapeutic touch
 Bioeletromagnetic-based therapies
o Involve the use of electromagnetic fields (pulse fields,
magnetic fields)
BODY MOVEMENTS/EXERCISE THERAPY
QI GONG
 A component of traditional Chinese medicine that combines
movement, meditation, and regulation of breathing to enhance the
flow of qi (an ancient term given to what is believed to be vital
energy) in the body, improve blood circulation, and enhance
immune function
TAI CHI
YOGA
REIKI/PRANIC HEALING
 A Japanese word representing Universal Life Energy.
 Reiki is based on the belief that when spiritual energy is channeled
through a Reiki practitioner, the patient's spirit is healed, which in
turn heals the physical body.
THERAPEUTIC TOUCH
 Is derived from an ancient technique called laying-on of hands.
 It is based on the premise that it is the healing force of the
therapist that affects the patient's recovery;
 Healing is promoted when the body's energies are in balance; and,
by passing their hands over the patient, healers can identify energy
imbalances.
III. ISSUES AND CONTROVERSIES IN CAM
EVIDENCE BASED
 What research framework to use?
 Diagnostic entities vary across systems
 Individualization of treatments and combining several treatments
 Importance of cultural context
 Randomization not culturally acceptable to patient/ provider
 May not be able to generalize results across populations due to
different environments
 Ethical issues
CULTURAL CONTEXT
 Need for a Culturally Competent Physician
 Knowledge of patients’ health care belief systems and how they
affect medical care
 Ethnolinguistically competent – skills to communicate sensitivity;
understand the patient’s perspective; formulate culturally sensitive
treatment plans
 Attitudes that demonstrate empathy and respect for other views
regarding health and illness
REGULATORY ISSUES
 Will BFAD, PITAHC & the Academic & Science laboratories rise up
to the challenge?
 Defining clearly the roles of FDA, PITAHC and academe.
 Harmonization of policies & standards among public, private and
academic communities
LIABILITIES
 If they refer patients to CAM therapies that they know, or should
know, have limited or no benefit to the patient, or
 when the CAM therapist provides negligent or harmful care while
practicing under the supervision of the physician
GUIDELINES FOR CHOOSING CAM PROVIDERS
 Graduate of an accredited college
 Licensed, and in good standing
 Limits practice to health problems within his or her scope of
practice
 Does not extend duration of care inappropriately
 Communicates and collaborates with primary care physician
IV. FRAMEWORK OF CONSIDERATIONS FOR
DRAWING ETHICAL CONCLUSIONS
1. Severity and acuteness of illness
2. Curability with conventional treatment
3. Invasiveness, toxicities, and side effects of conventional treatment
4. Quality of evidence of safety and efficacy of the CAM treatment
5. Degree of understanding of the risks and benefits of conventional
and CAM treatments
6. Knowledge and voluntary acceptance of those risks by the patient
7. Persistence of patient’s intention to use CAM treatment

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 MEDICAL ETHICS III
COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
V. SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE TO SEPARATE MYTHS
AND FACTS
1. Safety
2. Efficacy and Effectiveness
3. Quality
4. Therapeutically Sound
5. Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials
MYTHS
 Acupuncture is a cure all
 An herbal supplement labeled “natural” means it is safe and
without harmful effects
 Herbal supplements labeled “standardized” means higher product
quality
 Iced tea is as good as hot tea in preventing cancers
FACTS
 Acupuncture has been proven effective in relieving postoperative
pain, nausea during pregnancy, nausea and vomiting resulting
from chemotherapy and dental pain. It can also alleviate anxiety,
panic disorders and insomnia
 Acupuncture is useful and acceptable in addiction, stroke
rehabilitation, headache, menstrual cramps, tennis elbow,
fibromyalgia, myofascial pain, osteoarthritis, low back pain, carpal
tunnel syndrome and asthma. (NCCAM, NIH USA)
 Herbs kava and comfrey have been linked to serious liver damage
 Pregnant and nursing women should be especially cautious about
using herbal supplements since these products can act like drugs.
 Published analyses of herbal supplements found differences
between what’s listed on the label and what’s in the bottle.
 Some herbal supplements have been found to be contaminated
with metals, unlabeled prescription drugs, microorganisms and
other substances.
 Herbal supplements containing ephedra or ephedrine alkaloids or
ma huang have been banned by the USA FDA effective February
9, 2004. They have been used for weight loss and enhancement of
athletic performance and endurance. They have been found to
cause myocardial infarctions, CVAs, seizures and serious
psychiatric illnesses.
 Tea from the plant Camellia sinensis contains anti-oxidants called
catechins which selectively inhibit the growth of cancer and
reduced the number and size of tumors in laboratory studies using
animals
 Instant iced tea contains negligible amounts of catechins. Green
tea has more catechins than black tea. Steeping tea in hot water
for 5 minutes released 80% of its cetechins.
 Human studies still inconclusive on tea as to preventing cancer of
the stomach, lung, colorectal and breast.
 Yoga can reduce asthma attacks
 Tai Chi can help the elderly reduce their fear of falls
 The Chinese herbal remedy Artemisia annua has been found to be
effective in resistant malaria
VI. 3A REPORTS
ANTHROPOSOPHIC MEDICINE
 Founded by Rudolf Steiner and Ita Wegman in the early 1920s
 Integrative form of medicine derived from two sources:
o Material Scientific Medicine
o Spiritual Scientific Findings
 Extension of conventional medicine incorporating a holistic
approach to man and nature and to illness and healing
Encompasses the spiritual and psychological needs of a patient
GOAL OF THERAPY
 Overall goal: Activate the healthy forces of the patient to support
self-healing and thereby influence the disease process
 Specific therapeutic goals:
o Stimulate hygiogenesis
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 Means to create a coherent autonomic regulation of the
organism
o Stimulate salutogenesis
 Means to create a coherent psycho-emotional and spiritual
self-regulation
GUIDING PRINCIPLES / MECHANISM OF HEALING
 Main Principle: It does not only look for the illness in the person,
rather, it looks for the person in the illness
o Does not only intend to restore a former healthy condition
(“restitution ad integrum”) but to provoke a new level of the
individual’s inner strength
 Involves a holistic approach to interpretation of the disease
o Synthesis of natural and spiritual science
o Links the conventional pathogenic approach (focus on illness)
to a salutogenic medical perspective (focus on health)
 Leads to recommendation of conventional therapies or different
treatments such as:
o Naturopathic medicines
o Modified physical and palliative treatments (baths,
compresses, bandages, special massages)
o Artistic forms (sculpture, drawing, painting, music therapy,
elocution, eurythmy therapy)
 Stimulates the internal healing process of the body and
soul, under the guidance of a therapist
SUCCESS/FAILURE RATES
 Anthroposophic medicine treatment for outpatients with chronic
disease was safe and was associated with clinically relevant and
sustained improvements in symptoms and in quality of life
 Even with the removal of bias, symptom improvement was still
observed 6 months after the start of AM therapy
 Randomized control trials are often rejected by AM physicians and
patients, because the physician-patient relationship is disturbed by
randomization
PRACTITIONERS
 Philippine Association of Anthroposophic Health Practitioners Inc.
(PAAHPI)
o Member of International Federation of Anthroposophic Medical
Associations (IVAA)
o Paulita Villegas-Baclig, M.D. (President, PAAHPI)
AYURVEDA
 Sanskrit words: Ayur – Age; Veda – Knowledge or Science
 Science of the Age, Science of the Life, Knowledge of Health
 5,000-year-old Indian system of care that holistically addresses the
mind, body, and spirit
 Dhanwantari – lord of physicians and source of Ayurveda; holds
the nectar of immortality in his hands
GOAL OF THERAPY
 Aims:
o Eliminate impurities
o Reduce symptoms
o Increase disease resistance
o Reduce stress
o Create more harmony in life
 Starts with an internal cleansing (purification). This is followed by a
special diet, herbal medicines, massage therapy, yoga, and
meditation.
GUIDING PRINCIPLES / MECHANISM OF HEALING
 Main Principle: Humans are both matter and energy;
 Body is made up of 5 great elements (Maha Bhutas):
o Building blocks of our world
1. Space (movement and circulation)
2. Air (movement and circulation)
3. Fire (transformation, light, and metabolism)
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COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
4. Water (cohesiveness, digestive juices, and secretions) o Consider the human being in the association with the rest of
5. Earth (foundation and structure) the nature and the social setting
 The 5 great elements are found in varying amounts in every person o Key components are the flow of Qi, a kind of energy
and the environment  Disease occurs with imbalance, resulting in excess or
 Our unique combination of the 5 elements makes up our deficient amounts of Qi in meridians
predominant body composition, or “DOSHA”, of which there are 3  Mechanism of Action
types: o Stimulates the secretion of the endogenous opioid endorphin
A. Vata – qualities reflecting the elements of Space and Air o Interruption of pain pathways
 Most powerful
 Controls very basic body functions
 Controls mind, breathing, blood flow, heart function,
ability to get rid of waste thru your intestines
 Things that can disrupt it include eating again too soon
after a meal, fear, grief, and staying up too late
B. Pitta – qualities reflecting the elements of Fire and Water
 Controls digestion, metabolism and certain hormones
that are linked to your appetite
 Things that can disrupt it are eating sour or spicy foods
and spending too much time in the sun
C. Kapha – qualities reflecting elements of Water and Earth
 Controls muscle growth, body strength and stability,
and immune system
 Things that can disrupt it are sleeping during the day,
eating too many sweet foods, and eating or drinking
things that contain too much salt or water
 Equilibrium – foundational concept of Ayurvedic medical
philosophy
o Starts with the idea of health as balance among the three
doshas or bioenergetic principles
o Tri-dhatu (Health) – balance (Samyatva) of 3 types of Dosha
o Tridosa (Sickness) – imbalance (Visamatva)
 Classification of the patient’s psychophysical constitution – type,
determined by the predominance of 1 or more dosas
 Etiological theory employing explanatory principle of deviation
from the proper proportions of the dosas
o Nadi (pulse), SUCCESS/FAILURE RATES
o Mootra (urine),  May help ease chronic pain (low back pain, neck pain, knee pain)
o Mala (stool),  May help reduce the frequency of tension headaches and prevent
o Jihva (tongue), migraine headaches
o Shabda (speech),  CPGs are inconsistent in recommendations about acupuncture
o Sparsha (touch),  Complications results from: use of non-sterile needles and
improper delivery
o Druk (vision), and
 Adverse effects include infections, punctured organs, collapsed
o Aakruti (appearance).
lungs, and injury to the CNS
 Therapeutic measures including pharmaceuticals that act to
restore the balance of the dosas according to the patient’s PRACTITIONERS
constitutional type and environmental circumstances
 Accredited practitioners:
o Therapies are typically based on complex herbal
o Certified Associate Acupuncturist
compounds, minerals, and metal substances (perhaps
o Certified Acupuncturist
under the influence of early Indian alchemy or rasa shastra)
o Certified Associate Medical Acupuncturist
o Ancient Ayurveda texts also taught surgical techniques,
o Certified Medical Acupuncturist
including rhinoplasty, kidney stone extractions, sutures, and
the extraction of foreign objects  Philippine Academy of Acupuncture, Inc.
 PITAHC
PRACTITIONERS  Si Jodi Sta. Maria
 Sandhi Ayurveda Clinic and Research Center (Mandaluyong)
 Shanti Ayurveda (Quezon City) NUTRICEUTICAL
 Any substance that is a food or part of a food and provides medical
ACUPUNCTURE or health benefits, including the prevention and treatment of
 Traditional form of healing used for over 2500 years in China diseases
 Technique that relies upon placement of hairthin needles along  Products formulated from naturally occurring substances
specified acupuncture points  Provide extra health benefits in addition to nutritional value found in
foods
GOAL OF THERAPY  Usually dietary supplements, but can also include functional foods
 Overall goal: To create harmony within the body by restoring the o Functional foods – fortified or enriched during processing and
flow of Qi, the life force involved in all body functions: breathing, then marked as providing some benefit to consumers
heartbeat, metabolism, and even emotions  Products may claim to prevent certain diseases, improve health,
delay the aging process, or support bodily structure or functions.
GUIDING PRINCIPLES / MECHANISM OF HEALING
 A key component of Traditional Chinese Medicine or Oriental GOAL OF THERAPY
Medicine
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 MEDICAL ETHICS III
COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
 To use in the diagnosis, alleviation, cure and treatment of disease,  Some naturopaths advise customers to forego other treatments
promotion of health stop taking medications or avoid vaccination

ETHICAL PRINCIPILES
 Benficence:
o Supplements are most beneficial to people who have certain
conditions or illnesses (i.e. malnourished, at-risk groups,
immunocompromised, etc.)
o As long as there’s balance, variety, and moderation in a normal
person’s diet, supplements may not be necessary to take.
 Non-maleficence
o It's important to know that just because an herbal supplement
is labeled "natural" does not mean it is totally safe or without
any harmful effects. PRACTITIONERS
o People tend to over rely on the claimed benefits of particular  Dr. Elizabeth Micaller Nd, PhD
supplement/s.
TAI CHI
SUCCESS/FAILURE RATES  Traditional Chinese form of exercise derived from martial arts folk
 Achieving success: tradition
o Technology  First appeared in books of “I Ching”
o Product Strategy o Indicates encompassing state of universe before creation
o Regulation o All movements of tai chi are considered CIRCULAR
o Marketing  Emphasis on exercise of mind and consciousness
o Supply Chain
o Deal making GOAL OF THERAPY
1. Increase repertoire of motor programs in brain to serve to train
PRACTITIONERS various balance systems  promotes greater steadiness
 HADSAP (Health and Dietary Supplement Association of the 2. Help reduce risk of falling
Philippines) 3. Improve cardiorespiratory function
 Amway Philippines, L.L.C., Herbalife International Philippines, Inc. 4. Bestow mental control on the practitioner
 Herbs and Nature, Inc., Pfizer, Inc., Total Nutrition DBD (GNC),
Unilab, MX3 GUIDING PRINCIPLES / MECHANISM OF HEALING
 Physical exercise is the only intervention that consistently
NATUROPATHY attenuates age-related declines in physical function
 Science-based tradition that promotes wellness by identifying the  Main Principle: Meditative movement therapy
unique aspects of each patient and then employing non-toxic o Series of slow, gentle, low-impact movement addressing the
natural therapies to restore his or her physiological, psychological, strength, endurance, mobility, and balance impairments
and structural balance. frequently seen in the aging population
 Based on a belief that the body can heal itself  The general health and fitness benefits of TC are balance, aerobic
 Treatment of the whole person by addressing the root cause of capacity, strength, well-being, sleep, and flexibility.
illness and not just the symptoms  Mind-Body Principles
 Natural Therapies: A. Centering – getting in touch with the body and surroundings;
o Nutrition prepare the mind and body for the flowing movement of TC
o Botanical Therapy B. Effective Action – action rooted in the feet, powered by the
legs, guided by the torso, and expressed in the hands
o Flower Essence in Healing
C. Energetics – promoted sensory awareness and balanced,
o Hydrotherapy
relaxed flowing movement
o Essential Oils
o Essential Massages  Tai Chi guidelines
A. Mindfulness – strive to focus on the present moment
GOAL OF THERAPY B. Postural alignment – maintains the body in an upright
 To improve health, prevent disease, and treat illness thru the use position
of organic foods and exercise, a healthy, balanced lifestyle, and  Flexed Knee posture – readies us for action while
the use of treatments from other areas of complementary medicine supporting the natural primary (thoracic kyphosis) and
secondary (cervical and lumbar lordotic) curves of spine
GUIDING PRINCIPLES / MECHANISM OF HEALING C. Breath awareness – center of all meditative movement
 Principles: therapies; slow down and inhale deeply to nourish and exhale
o Do no harm completely to cleanse every cell in our being
o Identify and treat the cause D. Active relaxation – state of relaxed inner stillness while in
o Treat the whole person motion; integrate inner calmness while simultaneously taking
o The healing power of nature on safe and effective physical action
o The physician as teacher E. Slow movement – builds strength and endurance; create
o Prevention optimal balance between agonistic and antagonistic muscles
F. Weight separation – enhances dynamic control of the center
SUCCESS/FAILURE RATES of mass (posture and balance)
 Still has no clear evidence of effectiveness of naturopathy G. Integrated movement from the core – provides the proximal
 A common danger of naturopathic remedies and recommendations stability for distal mobility
(whether they work or not) is that they are commonly undertaken in  Upper core (forehead between the eyebrow)
place of proven medical treatments.  Middle (heart)
 Lower (below the navel)

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 Core provides stability that allows generation of force and
motion in the lower extremities, and a stable base of
support for upper extremity function
 Overall goal: To unify physiological, psychological, and spiritual
processes in order to enhance an individual’s innate healing
process

SUCCESS/FAILURE RATES GUIDING PRINCIPLES / MECHANISM OF HEALING

 Has potential to reduce falls or fall risk among the elderly, provided  Essential oils are volatile compounds and enter the body in 3 main
that they are relatively young and non-frail ways:
 Adults who engage in physical activity exhibit benefits in many o Absorption thru the skin
neurocognitive domains  Massage: stimulates the PSNS thru afferent nerve fibers,
including the vagus nerve  slows heart rate and
PRACTITIONERS increases peristalsis
 INAM Philippines (www.integratibmedisin.org)  Relaxation alter perceptions of pain
 Peace Blossoms International Arts Society  Stimulates endorphin release
 Tai chi chuan practitioners in parks (Cebu, Davao, Manila, QC) o Absorption thru the surface of the lungs
o Inhalation  olfactory nerve  limbic system  autonomic
QI GONG nervous system; provides the intricate connection between the
 Qi = ‘subtle breath’ or ‘vital energy’ mind and body
 Gong = ‘skill cultivated thru steady practice’  Responses are associated with changes in hypothalamic activity
 Exercises: (pain, stress, and emotional trauma)
o Body posture  Olfactory stimulation can enhance cognitive performance and
o Body movement mood (dementia)
o Breathing
o Meditation Lavender Calming/Stress relief, relieves insomnia, decreases
PMS symptoms
GOAL OF THERAPY Rose Natural astringent/clear skin, reduces scars/wrinkles,
 Drawing upon natural forces to optimize and balance energy decreases muscle tightness
within, thru the attainment of deeply focused and relaxed states Orange Aphrodisiac, antidepressant, decreases
 Improves: inflammation/pain
o Blood circulation Chamomile Antidepressant, reduces nervousness, tones skin
o Immune function Rosemary Boosts mental activity, calming/stress relief, natural
antiseptic
o Well-being
Vanilla Aphrodisiac, antidepressant, calming/stress relief
Eucalyptus Clears respiratory passages, eases muscle and joint
GUIDING PRINCIPLES / MECHANISM OF HEALING
pain, kills lice
 Mechanisms:
Tea Tree Antifungal, antiseptic, heals wounds
1. Being natural and relaxed
2. Integrating the dynamic and the static Sage Fights infections, heals wounds, calms upset
3. Upper void and lower repletion stomach
4. The mind directing the qi flow Cinnamon Reduces nervousness, improves circulation, relieves
5. Concurrent active exercising and cultivation of energy joint pain
6. Proceeding step by step Peppermin Clears respiratory passages, decreases indigestion
 Principle: “Mind the body and the breath, and then clear the mind t and nausea, eases headache pain
to distill the heavenly elixir within” Jasmine Relieves muscle spasms, reduces scars, decreases
o Combination of self-awareness with self-correction of the PMS symptoms
posture and movement of the body, the flow of breath, and Star Anise Calming/stress relief, relieves arthritic pain,
stilling of the mind decreases flatulence
o A state which activates the natural self-regulatory (self-healing) Lemon Fights fevers, boosts immune system, clears
capacity, stimulating the balanced release of endogenous respiratory passages
neurohormones and a wide array of natural health recovery Cucumber Detoxifies and moisturizes skin,
mechanisms which are evoked by the intentful integration of Decreases eye puffiness, calming/stress relief
body and mind.
SUCCESS/FAILURE RATES
SUCCESS/FAILURE RATES  An exponential growth of scientific production about essential oils
 Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased by 22% (Cheung, from the 80s to 2016
et. Al., 2005) o Aromatherapy reduces pain in different medical conditions
 Heart rate, weight, BMI, waist circumference, total cholesterol, o Aromatherapy reduces subjective stress level and cortisol level
renin and 24-hour urinary albumin excretion significantly decreased o Aromatherapy improves quality of sleep
in both groups after 16 weeks (Lee, et. Al., 2004; Hui, et. Al., 2006)  Increased contact between patient and caregiver when applying
essential oil calms the patient
PRACTITIONERS  “Expectancy”
 Peace Blossoms Internal Arts Society
PRACTITIONERS
AROMATHERAPY  The Farm at San Benito (Dr. Rommel Tinio, PLM Batch 1987)
 Essential Oil Therapy  Akesis Holistic Health (Dr. Homer Lim)
 Art and Science of utilizing naturally extracted aromatic essences
from plants to balance, harmonize, and promote the health of body, MUSIC THERAPY
mind, and spirit.  The Chinese character for music ( 樂 yue), with the additional
character for herbs, creates the Chinese character for medicine
GOAL OF THERAPY (藥 yao

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 The clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to
accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by
a credentialed professional who has completed an approved music
therapy program.
 Common music therapy interventions:
o Listening to music (music-assisted relaxation, music and
imagery)
o Talking about music (music discussion, lyric analysis)
o Making music (singing, playing instruments, composing,
improvisation)
o Moving to music (dancing, exercise)
GOAL OF THERAPY
 Can be designed to:
o Promote wellness
o Manage stress
o Alleviate pain
o Express feelings
o Enhance memory
o Improve communication
o Promote physical rehabilitation
 Domains and an example of non-musical goal from each
o Cognitive: enhancing attention and memory
o Communicative: enhancing speech and language skills
o Emotional: providing opportunity for emotional expression
o Musical: Providing opportunities for leisure, recreation, and
aesthetic experiences
o Physiological: decreasing heart rate
o Psychosocial: providing a structure for social interaction
o Sensorimotor: improving steadiness of gait
o Spiritual: supporting the client’s spiritual practices thru music
GUIDING PRINCIPLES / MECHANISM OF HEALING
 According to a study by Hinz (2017), the six overarching
aspirational values of Art Therapy are the following: autonomy,
beneficence, creativity, fidelity, justice and non-maleficence;
with creativity as the core inspirational value.
 By embracing a fundamental belief that creativity is a force for
positive change, art therapists use creative process to help
transform individuals, groups, and communities.
 Art therapists understand and promote the fact that creative work
engenders great satisfaction, moments of joy, and enhanced
well-being.
 Supportive domain:
o Music therapy can act as a distraction from physical and
psychological suffering.
o It has the ability to help patients reconnect with happier
memories, to identify key moments in their lives that helped
define their important relationships, and to help them have fun
again
 Communicative/Expressive domain:
o It can have a cathartic influence, creating a safe channel
through which patients can express repressed emotions
 Transformative (Spiritual/Existential) domain:
o It can support the search for meaning and transcendence, and
can facilitate the creation of a lasting legacy
 Social domain:
o It can help strengthen social bonds with loved ones
SUCCESS/FAILURE RATES
 Statistically significant decrease in pain and anxiety levels of
cancer patients after music therapy
PRACTITIONERS
 Celeste Sanchez, 82, Sampaloc City!
o pioneer of music therapy in the Philippines and founder of the
Divine Mercy Mobile Center of Music and Arts Therapy for
Special Children and Adults in Sampaloc, Manila.
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 St. Paul University Manila
 Siliman University (Negros Oriental)
CHIROPRACTIC MEDICINE
 The knowledge, skills and abilities in the diagnosis, treatment,
rehabilitation and prevention of carefully selected neuro-musculo-
skeletal conditions
 With the proper use of the modalities of manipulative therapy,
physiotherapeutic and pharmacological measures under the
auspices of an evidence-based medicine paradigm
 Conditions:
o Neck and back pain
o Whiplash injuries
o Tension headaches
o Tennis elbow
o Pulled muscles, injured ligaments, and sprains
 Focuses on the relationship between bodily structure and function,
and how that relationship affects the preservation and restoration
of health
GOAL OF THERAPY
 Short term goal: reduce pain and restore normal joint function and
muscle balance
 Long term goal: restore functional independence and tolerance to
normal activities of daily living
GUIDING PRINCIPLES / MECHANISM OF HEALING
 Subluxations (vertebral blockage) are believed to impinge on spinal
nerves  blocking flow of innate intelligence (nerve energy) 
illness
 Mechanisms of Subluxation:
o Entrapment of a zygapophyseal joint inclusions or meniscoid
o Entrapment of a fragment of posterior annular material from
the IV disc
o Stiffness induced by adhesions and scar tissue and/or
degenerative changes
o Excessive activity (spasm, hypertonicity) of the deep intrinsic
spinal musculature
 Corrected with spinal manipulations or adjustments
 Mechanism of Healing: Spinal Manipulations
o Moves vertebrae beyond their physiological range of motion
but not far enough to destroy joint structures
o Between the normal ranges of motion and the limits of its
normal integrity
o Release of entrapped synovial or disc tissues  reduces pain
and restores mobility
o Stretch and break adhesions
o Stretch musculature and myofascial tissues thereby resetting
the length/tension ration in these muscles
SUCCESS/FAILURE RATES
 Manual-thrust manipulation, performed by chiropractic physicians,
achieves a greater short-term reduction in pain compared with
common medical treatments.
 72% success rate in treating sciatica and other related symptoms,
compared to the 20% success rate from physical therapy, and
50% success rate from corticosteroid injections (European
Spine Journal, 2015).
PRACTITIONERS
 U.N. Chiropractic
 Alcantara Chiropractic Phils. Etc.
HYPNOTHERAPY
 A procedure associated with the induction of a trance-like state in
which the mind is more receptive to suggestion
o To bring about a change in perception or behavior
o Suggestion refers to the presentation of an idea to a person
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GOAL OF THERAPY o Improvement in:
 Determine issue of concern to a patient and employ modification  “Addiction, anxiety, depression, mood, physical, sexual,
via hypnosis in order to bring about a beneficial and therapeutic sleep, others”
resolution o Lowest success rate compared to:
 May be indicated if the patient has a high ability to become  Cognitive-behavior therapy, eye movement desensitization
hypnotized and a positive attitude towards hypnosis for the & reprocessing, and dialectical behavior therapy
treatment of a condition in which alteration of perception, memory,
and mood can reduce the intensity of a symptom PRACTITIONERS
 Reduction of chronic pain, reduction in the memory of past pain,  Neuro-Linguistic Programming & Hypnosis Philippines
and mood enhancement  The Third Eye Wellness
 Savipra Gorospe Hypnosis
GUIDING PRINCIPLES / MECHANISM OF HEALING  Clinical Hypnotherapy in Manila (Rey Alcalde)
 Trance-like state where one is brought to a heightened awareness  Mindworks
and focus
 An induced state of relaxation in which the mind is more receptive YOGA
to suggestion GOAL OF THERAPY
 Deliberate use of relaxed state to effect changes in both conscious  Improves fitness, strength flexibility, balance, and mobility
and unconscious states of mind  Reduces stress and anxiety
 Trance:  Pain controls
o Commonly described as an altered state of consciousness
o ‘day dreaming’ GUIDING PRINCIPILES
o Neurophysiological rationale/mechanism not clearly  Began as a spiritual practice from India
understood  People who practice yoga believe that it improves their general
o Natural state that may occur several times each day well-being and help with the following aspects of wellness:
 The use of suggestion as a form of visualization o Stress management
o Presentation of an idea and the extent in which the client o Balance
accepts the idea is influenced by motivation and expectation o Positive aspects of mental health
o psychological o Promoting healthy eating and physical activity habits
o to anaesthetize parts of the body and influence the autonomic  Emphasizes the ff:
nervous system commonly considered not to be under o Physical postures (Asanas)
voluntary control o Breathing techniques (Pranayama)
 Mind has considerable impact upon physical well-being and *Prana – vital life force
symptom management  Affects both motor and autonomic o Meditation (Dyana)
responses
 Yoga may help relieve low back pain and neck pain
 May be helpful for anxiety, depressive symptoms, and sleep
problems
 It builds muscle strength and improves balance and flexibility

SUCCESS/FAILURE RATES
 2012 National Health Review Survey in the US:
o A large proportion of the adults who practiced yoga perceived
benefits form its use
 Reduced stress
 Improved sleep
 Felt better emotionally
 Easier to cope with health problems
 Improved overall health
 Motivated them to exercise more regularly
 Motivated to eat healthier
 Although yoga enhances some components of physical fitness,
energy expenditure is usually insufficient to improve cardiovascular
fitness and does not appear to decrease mortality (fitness)
 Randomized trials comparing yoga with untreated control groups
have demonstrated increases in flexibility in healthy subjects of
various ages, comparable with those achieved with stretching
(flexibility)
 Injuries in yoga are more likely in older people and those with
preexisting health problems

SUCCESS/FAILURE RATES
 People differ in the degree to which they respond to hypnosis
 Patients who are receptive to hypnotic suggestions (highly
hypnotizable) have better outcome
 Motivation and compliance affect success
 It is still difficult to measure success rates in hypnotherapy. Better
success rates if integrated with other treatment modalities.
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PRACTITIONERS
 Ananda Marga Organization – 1 st grp to teach yoga classes in Ph
(since 1967)
 1970-2000: Yoga practiced as a spiritual discipline
 Yoga Foundation of the Philippines (est. 2000)
 Jagad Yoga Shala (est. 2002) – 1st commercial yoga center
 Yoga Manila (est. 2006)
 Yoga Centers in the Philippines: YogaHive, Yoga+, etc.
HOMEOPATHY
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GOAL OF THERAPY
 Holistic and natural approach – treats the person, rather than
focusing on a diseased part or a labeled sickness
 The body, mind, spirit and emotions are all considered in the
management and prevention of disease.
 Claims to stimulate the body’s own healing response to disease
and strengthen the body’s ability to heal itself, improving overall
health
 Relieves symptoms, restores itself, and improve overall health
GUIDING PRINCIPILES
 1st discovered in Germany 200 years ago
 Based on 2 unconventional theories
o “Like cures like” – a disease can be cured by a substance
that produces similar symptoms in healthy people
 Belladonna plant – causes fever, used to treat fever
o “Law of minimum dose” – the lower dose of the medication,
the greater its effectiveness
 Ingredients dissolved in solvent and is then diluted until
desired concentration is reached  very dilute from the
original
 Homeopathic products come from plants, minerals, or animals
 Products are often made as sugar pellets to be placed under the
tongue
 Other forms: ointments, gels, drops, creams, tablets
 Individualized treatment
SUCCESS/FAILURE RATES
 Efficacy is not yet established and needs more studies
PRACTITIONERS
 Biological Homeopathic Medical Corporation
 Homeopathy.ph
OSTEOPATHIC MANIPULATIVE THERAPY
 Started in 1874 in Baldwin, Kansas by Andrew Taylor Still, Md, DO
 “bone” + “sensitive/responding to”
 Osteopathy – a drug-free, non-invasive manual therapy that aims
to improve health across all body systems by manipulating and
strengthening the musculoskeletal framework
 Does not concentrate only on the problem area, but uses manual
techniques to balance all the body systems, and to provide overall
good health and well-being
GOAL OF THERAPY
 A natural medicine which aims to restore function in the body by
treating the causes of pain and imbalance (Canadian College of
Osteopathy)
 Commonly treated diseases
o Arthritis
o Back pain
o Headaches
o Tennis elbow
o Digestive issues
o Postural problems
GUIDING PRINCIPLES / MECHANISM OF HEALING
 Rational treatment is based on an understanding of theses 3
principles:
1. Body unity - the body is a unit, and the person represents a
combination of body, mind, and spirit
2. Self-regulation - the body is capable of self-healing and health
maintenance
3. Holism - interrelationship of structure and function Corrected
with spinal manipulations or adjustments
SUCCESS/FAILURE RATES
 In vulvodynia, 60-80%success rate in patients receiving
biofeedback and physical therapy (Glazer et al. 1995)
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 In deep infiltrating endometriosis with colorectal involvement,
observed success rate of 80% (Daraï, et al. 2015)
PRACTITIONERS
 Association of Traditional Osteopaths in the Philippines
 Dr. Seabert Tan, Dr. Randy Dellosa, Dr. Phoebe Domanais
VENTOSA
 Cupping Therapy – an ancient technique of healing
 Performed by applying cups to selected skin points and creating a
subatmospheric pressure, either by heat or by suction
 Used since 1550 BC in ancient Egypt
 Art of numerous ancient healing systems such as Chinese, Unani,
traditional Korean, Tibetan, and Oriental Medicine
 Hippocrates – described 2 different types of cups:
o One with a narrow opening and a long handle
 Used to treat deep accumulation of fluids
o One with a wider opening
 Used to treat the spread of pain
GOAL OF THERAPY
 Alleviation of localized pain) lower back, neck, shoulder, knee)
 Adjuvant therapy for asthma, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis
GUIDING PRINCIPLES / MECHANISM OF HEALING
 Believed to increase blood circulation, relieve pain, remove toxins
from the body, and activate the immune system
 Follows the mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Improve
Qi (energy) and blood flow
 Cupping is able to move Qi and blood. The suctions draws Qi and
blood from the surrounding areas to the affected areas
 Suction:
o Creates a negative pressure in the cup  causes the soft
tissue within the border of the cup to get sucked into the cup
o Blood will also rush in to the area underneath the cup 
increase local blood circulation
 Increased Blood Circulation:
o Helping cells that are in the area to repair faster
o Increases granulation and angiogenesis
o Heal soft tissue injury, relieve muscle tension muscle pain
 Relieves Pain
o Increase the pain threshold in the area
o Counter-irritation theory – discomfort and pain from the
cupping reduces the pain from the original site
o Activate acupuncture points – can activate release of
morphine-like endorphins, serotonin, and cortisol
o Stimulate specific nerve fibers, A-beta fibers, C and A-delta
fibers – send impulses to the spinal cord  neurotransmitters
are released to block the pain messages from reaching the
brain
o Removes toxins
 Increased Lymphatic Flow
o Helps the body get rid of toxins, waste, and other unwanted
materials, and helps to circulate WBC throughout the body
o “to rid oneself with impure blood”
SUCCESS/FAILURE RATES
 Limited studies available
 Treatment of localized pain – statistically significant favoring the
cupping group compared with the control group using the pain and
disability questionnaires (Albedah et al., 2015)
 As adjuvant treatment:
o Asthma – statistically significant reduction in eosinophil count
o HTN – evidence not significantly convincing
o RA – modulatory effects when combined with conventional
therapy
PRACTITIONERS
 Available in spas/homeservice
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o Reduce Pain: Esp. in patients with AIDS, chest-pain, peripheral
REFLEXOLOGY neuropathy, renal stones, osteoarthritis
GOAL OF THERAPY
 Pressure massage to the feet or hands to stimulate the reflex PRACTITIONERS
points and bring about a balance of the eight bodily systems in  TESDA
order for the body to work together in harmony and unison and  Massage houses/Spa (Mont ALbo, Nuat Thai, Wensha, Asimasen
thus creating a feeling of well-being and optimum health charot!)
 Works on several levels of the individual and provide the following
benefits: HERBAL MEDICINE
o Relaxation GOAL OF THERAPY
o Pain relief  Treat the underlying cause of the disease and correct patterns of
o Improved circulation dysfunction
o Improved muscle tone  Produce persisting improvement in well-being
o Stimulation of immune system
o Improved elimination (detoxifying) GUIDING PRINCIPLES / MECHANISM OF HEALING
o Encouraging the body to heal  Same with conventional drugs – contain substances that influence
o Psychological comfort pathological processes
o Balance of mind, body, and spirit  However, these very complex and usually contain many active
substances which act in combination
GUIDING PRINCIPLES / MECHANISM OF HEALING  Several mechanisms of action and the one that predominates
 The human body is completely reflected in the feet in a three- depends on the dosage
dimensional form, and a point on the foot which relates to an area  Grouped according to specific classes of chemicals with specific
of the body is called a reflex. functions within the body:
 “By applying pressure with the hands to the reflex areas of the o Adaptogens
feet, the reflexologist can locate blockages and imbalances of o Immune modulators
the reflexes and zone pathways…” o Alkaloids
 Concentration Reflex (Razran and Bekhterev, 1927): o Anti-oxidants
o “When one center is in a state of activity, excitations of o Anti-inflammatory agents
other centers are inhibited, sometimes only reinforcing the o Micronutrients
active center.”  Philippine Herbal Plants:
o Due to the physiological mutual relationship between excitation o Ampalaya - diabetes
and inhibition o Bawang – anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer,
hypertension
o Bayabas – antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-
 Theories how reflexology impact the body: allergy, hepatoprotective
Placebo the power of suggestion as the primary factor o Lagundi – cough, fever, colds, asthma, and pharyngitis
Lymphatics remove toxic and malignant substances out of o Sambong – kidney stones, coughs, wounds
the body thru the lymphatics  restoration of o Oregano – cough
function and chemical balance o Mayana – boils
Bioelectrical malfunction results from the congestion or o Tanglad – high blood pressure
potential blockade of electric energy; reflexology breaks o Kataka-taka – boils and swelling
up the congestions o Sabila – falling hair
Chi energy Similar to acupuncture and shiatsu; restoration
of flow of Chi energy along the body’s meridians SUCCESS/FAILURE RATES
 energetic balance
 Scientific evidence for efficacy of herbal medicines are scarce and
Counter- As in homeopathic remedies, the body repair
suffer from poor methodology, inconsistent outcome measures,
irritation mechanisms are much rapid in the setting of
different preparations, and conflicting results.
insults, and these are provided by reflexology
Nerve Stimulation of nerve endings by reflexology PRACTITIONERS
pathways/ helps clear the chemical deposits that have
 R.A. 8423: Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act 1997
nerve endings/ been blocked along the nerve pathways.
o Creation of Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative
chemical These chemical deposits impede the “grounding
Health Car (PITAHC)
deposits connection” of the feet and the earth.
o Tasked to promote and advocate the use of traditional and
Proprioception Application of pressure and re-angulation of
alternative health care modalities thru scientific research and
joints send “false signals” to the brain and in
product development
turn, the brain responds with “message
o Endorsed 10 medicinal plants in the Philippines
signals” to reposition the body which results
to muscle, tissue, and nerve relaxation.  Rommel Tinio, M.D. – Complementary and Alternative Medicine
 Rounville N. Bardonado, M.D. – practices holistic healing
SUCCESS/FAILURE RATES  Sigfried Galang, M.D.
 Ernst, et al., 2011:
o “the notion that reflexology is an effective treatment option is TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE
currently not based on the evidence from independently GOAL OF THERAPY
replicated, high-quality, clinical trials.”  Restore the balancing relationship of Qi and Yin and Yang
 Kunz & Kunz, 2008:
o Impact specific organs: Increase in renal and intestinal blood GUIDING PRINCIPLES / MECHANISM OF HEALING
flow  Holistic Medicine
o Improve symptoms: Positive changes in kidney functioning  Qi – person’s vital energy
o Induce relaxation: Decrease in anxiety and blood pressure o flows through the body through various channels, called
meridians.
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o Proper Qi is needed to keep all the systems in our body in
balance and in harmony.
o If you feel sick or you have any discomfort in your body, it
means that your Qi is not balanced.
 Yin and Yang – Negative and positive energy
 5 Element Theory
o Excess or deficiency in the energy of one element will
influence the other elements
o Water, Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal
 Zang-Fu organs
o Each Zang organ is associated with a Fu organ, creating 5 yin-
yang organ systems
o Zang/Yin organs: Solid structures, transformation and storage
of vital substances
o Fu/Yang organs: Hollow structures, transportation of partially
transformed substances
 Diagnostic Techniques:
1. Observing – observe demeanour, vitality, and physical
appearance of a person. This includes the health of the hair,
skin, nails, and complexion.
2. Hearing - tone and volume of the person's voice, sound of the
breathing, and the type of cough. Touch tells us temperature,
moisture, and texture. Less frequently used is sense of smell.
Each of the five elements is related to a smell.
3. Tongue diagnosis: Tongue is the only internal organ that we
can see. It reflects the health and functioning of the other
internal organs. Observe the colour of the body of the tongue,
the shape, the coating, and the moisture. Each area is also
related to an internal organ.
4. Pulse diagnosis – can inform the state of the internal organs.
There are three positions on each wrist, with each relating to a
specific organ system. There are three depths of pulse taking-
superficial, medium, and deep.
PRACTITIONERS
 Angel Erich Sison, M.D., FPAFP
 Philip Tan-Gatue, M.D.
NEUROLINGUISTIC PROGRAMMING
 Neuro – Thinking process; the way you use senses to understand
things happening around
 Linguistic – your language; the way you use language and how it
influences you and those around
 Programming – your behavior; the way you organize ideas and
actions which produces expected and unexpected results
 NLP focuses on connections between the language and the
neurological processes, as well as the behavioral patterns (which
are learnt thru experience)
GOAL OF THERAPY
 To help improve the client’s self-awareness, confidence,
communication skills, and social actions
 To help the client understand that the way one views the world
affects how one operates in the world
o That it is necessary to change the thoughts and behavior
patterns that have not proven beneficial in the past and that
only serve to block one’s healing and success
 NLP will help you to create and recreate your life the way that you
want it.
GUIDING PRINCIPLES / MECHANISM OF HEALING
 4 main principles:
1. Rapport
 Refers to quality relationship of mutual trust and
responsiveness
 Involves both your relationship with yourself and your
relationship with others
 The goal is to establish rapport with yourself and then with
others
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 Rapport at spiritual level can manifest as a sense of
belonging to a larger whole
 If you have a greater degree of physical and mental
rapport with yourself, the greater your health and well-
being and the more you feel at peace with yourself
2. Outcome Orientation
 Known as setting your goal or outcome
 Involves knowing what you want
 Without knowing what you want, you will not be able to
define what success is
 Once a desired outcome is specifically determined, you
can begin to focus on those things that contribute to
achieving that outcome.
3. Sensory Acuity
 Involves using your senses to know whether you are on
course for your goal
 You know what you want to achieve.
 It is important to pay attention to what you are doing in
order to get it, make sure that what you are doing is
working
 Involves knowing what you want
 Without knowing what you want, you will not be able to
define what success is
 Once a desired outcome is specifically determined, you
can begin to focus on those things that contribute to
achieving that outcome.
4. Flexibility of Behavior
 Involves varying your behavior until you get the response
you want
 In this principle, having many choices of action is essential
 More choices = more chances  success
 One must be flexible enough to modify their actions and
behaviors to achieve the goal
SUCCESS/FAILURE RATES
 Sturt, et. Al., 2012
In this review, ten studies addressing issues including substance
abuse, anxiety, weight management, morning sickness, and
claustrophobia were evaluated. The researchers concluded that
while strong evidence did not exist of NLP being ineffective, there
was little evidence to suggest NLP interventions improved
health.
PRACTITIONERS
 A licensed mental health professional, social worker, therapist or
anyone from every background imaginable
 Has additional training in NLP interventions and techniques
through workshops and mentorship programs
 The main requisite for success as an NLP Practitioner is down to
attitude. An attitude of an NLP practitioner should have a desire to
learn, a desire to make a better world and an attitude of curiosity.
 Dr. Imelda Virginia Villar, Clinical Psychologist – Pioneer of NLP in
the Philippines (1990)
 NLP Training and Certification in the Philippines: NLP Manila, NLP
and Hypnosis Philippines, Mind Pool Inc., Coach Transformation
Academy
REFERENCE:
Ethics3 Trans Complementary and Alternative Medicine (Batch 2019)
3A 2020 Reports