Subharmonic outputs subharmonics of the input signal

Synthesis of sounds by altering frequency (the number of waves traveling over a certain section over a certain time)
While most of the other synthesis occurs at the macro level, granular occurs at the micro scale Granular Frequency Modulation (FM)

small (<50 millisecond) "samples" are combined, each of which varies in amplitude, frequency, envelope, etc.
Synthesis Can use multiples of original frequency for harmonic sounds or non-multiples to synthesize dissonant sounds

results in not a single tone, but a synthesis of many tones

Physical Modeling Specifically using mathematical equations to generate waveforms

Using minute, cut up parts of samples/waves, to create "wavetables" that can be dynamically altered
uses properties of original sound to try and generate specific equations
Wavetable
Can emulate subtractive synthesis or additive synthesis
Synthesis of music using filters (such as low pass filters) to filter the sound generated from oscillators to generate music

In software synthesis, takes much less system resources (less calculation)

Can use basic waves (Square/Pulse/Sawtooth/Triangle) in traditional analogue synthesizers
Subtractive
Sample-Based

Multisampling: solves the problem of pitch changing as playback speed is altered More complicated waveforms in modern (digital/software) synthesizers

Additive
manipulates prerecorded ("sampled") sounds as opposed to saw/sine waves used in additive/subtractive Instead of filtering parts of the original sound from an oscillator, sound from multiple oscillators are combined

Oscillators are tuned to different harmonics, and synthesis occurs varying volume/amplitude for each oscillator