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Tasmania
Tasmania (/tæzˈmeɪniə/;[11] abbreviated as TAS,
nicknamed Tassie, Nuenonne and Palawa kani: Tasmania
Lutruwita) is an island state of Australia. It is located
240 km (150 mi) to the south of the Australian
mainland, separated by Bass Strait. The state
encompasses the main island of Tasmania, the 26th-
largest island in the world, and the surrounding 334 Flag Coat of arms
islands.[12] The state has a population of about
535,500[1] as of September 2019. Just more than Slogan or nickname The Apple
forty percent of the population resides in the Greater Isle;
Hobart precinct, which forms the metropolitan area Holiday Isle
of the state capital and largest city, Hobart.[13] Motto(s) Ubertas et
Fidelitas
Tasmania's area is 68,401 km2 (26,410 sq mi), of (Fertility and
which the main island covers 64,519 km2 Faithfulness)
(24,911 sq mi).[14] It is promoted as a natural state,
and protected areas of Tasmania cover about 42% of
its land area, which includes national parks and
World Heritage Sites.[15] Tasmania was the founding
place of the first environmental political party in the
world.[16]
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Demography Federal representation
Ancestry and immigration • House seats 5/151
Language • Senate seats 12/76
Religion Abbreviations
Government • Postal TAS
Elections • ISO 3166-2 AU-TAS
Politics
Emblems
Local government
• Floral Tasmanian
Economy blue gum
(Eucalyptus
Culture
globulus)[4]
Cuisine
• Animal Tasmanian
Events devil
Literature (Sarcophilus
Media harrisii)[5]
Music and performing arts
Tasmanian cinema
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• Bird Yellow
Visual arts
wattlebird
Transport (unofficial)
Air (Anthochaera
paradoxa)[6]
Antarctica base
Road • Mineral or gemstone Crocoite[7]
(PbCrO4)[8]
Rail
• Colours Dark green,
Shipping red & gold
Sport Website www.tas.gov
Notable people .au (http://ww
Politicians w.tas.gov.au)
Actors Footnotes [9][10]
Authors
Sports persons
Musicians and composers
Gallery
See also
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
Toponymy
The island of Tasmania is named lutruwita in the Tasmania from space
Palawa kani reconstructed language. This name is taken
from the Bruny Island language word for the Tasmanian
mainland, which was recorded by George Augustus Robinson as Loe.trou.witter. Robinson
also recorded the name Trow.wer.nar for Tasmania, likely from the Eastern or Northeastern
Tasmanian languages. However, he also recorded it as a name for Cape Barren Island. In the
20th century, some writers used it as an Aboriginal name for Tasmania, spelled "Trowenna"
or "Trowunna". It is now believed that the name is more properly applied to Cape Barren
Island,[21] which has had an official dual name of "Truwana" since 2014.[22]
Tasmania is named after Dutch explorer Abel Tasman, who made the first reported European
sighting of the island on 24 November 1642. Tasman named the island Anthony van
Diemen's Land after his sponsor Anthony van Diemen, the Governor of the Dutch East
Indies. The name was later shortened to Van Diemen's Land by the British. It was officially
renamed Tasmania in honour of its first European discoverer on 1 January 1856.[23]
A number of Palawa kani names, based on historical records of aboriginal names, have been
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accepted by the Tasmanian government. A dozen of these (below) are 'dual-use' (bilingual)
names, and another two are unbounded areas with only Palawa names.[24]
Bilingual names
Palawa names
There are also a number of archaeological sites with Palawa names. Some of these names have
been contentious, with names being proposed without consultation with the aboriginal
community, or without having a connection to the place in question.[25]
History
Physical history
In the southern midlands as far south as Hobart, the dolerite is underlaid by sandstone and
similar sedimentary stones. In the southwest, Precambrian quartzites were formed from very
ancient sea sediments and form strikingly sharp ridges and ranges, such as Federation Peak or
Frenchmans Cap.
In the northeast and east, continental granites can be seen, such as at Freycinet, similar to
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Indigenous people
Evidence indicates the presence of Aboriginals in Tasmania about 42,000 years ago. Rising
sea levels cut Tasmania off from mainland Australia about 10,000 years ago and by the time
of European contact, the Aboriginal people in Tasmania had nine major nations or ethnic
groups.[18] At the time of the British occupation and colonisation in 1803, the indigenous
population was estimated at between 3,000 and 10,000.
Historian Lyndall Ryan's analysis of population studies led her to conclude that there were
about 7,000 spread throughout the island's nine nations;[26] Nicholas Clements, citing
research by N.J.B. Plomley and Rhys Jones, settled on a figure of 3,000 to 4,000.[27] They
engaged in fire-stick farming, hunted game including kangaroo and wallabies, caught seals,
mutton-birds, shellfish and fish and lived as nine separate "nations" on the island, which they
knew as "Trouwunna".
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A smaller colony was established at Port Dalrymple on the Tamar River in the island's north
in October 1804 and several other convict-based settlements were established, including the
particularly harsh penal colonies at Port Arthur in the southeast and Macquarie Harbour on
the West Coast. Tasmania was eventually sent 75,000 convicts—four out of every ten people
transported to Australia.[28] By 1819 the Aboriginal and British population reached parity
with about 5000 of each, although among the colonists men outnumbered women four to
one.[31] Free settlers began arriving in large numbers from 1820, lured by the promise of land
grants and free convict labour. Settlement in the island's northwest corner was monopolised
by the Van Diemen's Land Company, which sent its first surveyors to the district in 1826. By
1830 one-third of Australia's non-Indigenous population lived in Van Diemen's Land and the
island accounted for about half of all land under cultivation and exports.[32]
Black War
Tensions between Tasmania's black and white inhabitants rose, partly driven by increasing
competition for kangaroo and other game.[33][34] Explorer and naval officer John Oxley in
1810 noted the "many atrocious cruelties" inflicted on Aboriginals by convict bushrangers in
the north, which in turn led to black attacks on solitary white hunters.[35] Hostilities increased
further with the arrival of 600 colonists from Norfolk Island between 1807 and 1813. They
established farms along the River Derwent and east and west of Launceston, occupying 10
percent of Van Diemen's Land. By 1824 the colonial population had swelled to 12,600, while
the island's sheep population had reached 200,000. The rapid colonisation transformed
traditional kangaroo hunting grounds into farms with grazing livestock as well as fences,
hedges and stone walls, while police and military patrols were increased to control the convict
farm labourers.[36]
Violence began to spiral rapidly from the mid-1820s in what became known as the "Black
War". While black inhabitants were driven to desperation by dwindling food supplies as well
as anger at the prevalence of abductions of women and girls, whites carried out attacks as a
means of exacting revenge and suppressing the native threat. Van Diemen's Land had an
enormous gender imbalance, with male colonists outnumbering females six to one in 1822—
and 16 to one among the convict population. Historian Nicholas Clements has suggested the
"voracious appetite" for native women was the most important trigger for the explosion of
violence from the late 1820s.[37]
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In November 1830 Arthur organised the so-called "Black Line", ordering every able-bodied
male colonist to assemble at one of seven designated places in the Settled Districts to join a
massive drive to sweep Aboriginals out of the region and on to the Tasman Peninsula. The
campaign failed and was abandoned seven weeks later, but by then Tasmania's Aboriginal
population had fallen to about 300.
After hostilities between settlers and Aboriginals ceased in 1832, almost all of the remnants of
the indigenous population were persuaded or forced by government agent George Augustus
Robinson to move to Flinders Island. Many quickly succumbed to infectious diseases to which
they had no immunity, reducing the population further.[41][42] Of those removed from
Tasmania, the last to die was Truganini, in 1876. The near-destruction of Tasmania's
Aboriginal population has been described as an act of genocide by historians including Robert
Hughes, James Boyce, Lyndall Ryan and Tom Lawson.[28][43][44] Boyce has claimed that the
April 1828 "Proclamation Separating the Aborigines from the White Inhabitants" sanctioned
force against Aboriginals "for no other reason than that they were Aboriginal" and described
the decision to remove all Tasmanian Aborigines after 1832—by which time they had given up
their fight against white colonists—as an extreme policy position. He concluded: "The colonial
government from 1832 to 1838 ethnically cleansed the western half of Van Diemen's Land and
then callously left the exiled people to their fate."[45]
Van Diemen's Land—which thus far had existed as a territory within the colony of New South
Wales—was proclaimed a separate colony, with its own judicial establishment and Legislative
Council, on 3 December 1825. Transportation to the island ceased in 1853 and the colony was
renamed Tasmania in 1856, partly to differentiate the burgeoning society of free settlers from
the island's convict past.[46]
The Legislative Council of Van Diemen's Land drafted a new constitution which it passed in
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Federation
In 1901 the Colony of Tasmania united with the five other Australian colonies to form the
Commonwealth of Australia. Tasmanians voted in favour of federation with the largest
majority of all the Australian colonies.
Recent history
The state was badly affected by the 1967 Tasmanian fires, in which there was major loss of life
and property. In the 1970s the state government announced plans to flood environmentally
significant Lake Pedder. As a result of the eventual flooding of Lake Pedder, the world's first
green party was established; the United Tasmania Group.
In 1975 the Tasman Bridge collapsed when the bridge was struck by the bulk ore carrier MV
Lake Illawarra. It was the only bridge in Hobart, and made crossing the Derwent River by
road at the city impossible. The nearest bridge was approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) to the
north, at Bridgewater.
National and international attention surrounded the campaign against the Franklin Dam in
the early 1980s.
On 28 April 1996, in the Port Arthur massacre, lone gunman Martin Bryant shot and killed 35
people (including tourists and residents) and injured 21 others. The use of firearms was
immediately reviewed, and new gun ownership laws were adopted nationwide, with
Tasmania's law one of the strictest in Australia.
In April 2006 the Beaconsfield Mine collapse was triggered by a small earthquake. One person
was killed and two others were trapped underground for 14 days.
The Tasmanian community has for some time been divided over the issue of the proposed Bell
Bay Pulp Mill to be built in the Tamar Valley. Proponents argue that jobs will be created, while
opponents argue that pollution will damage both the Bass Strait fishing industry and local
tourism. The company behind the proposal collapsed in 2012 and the pulp mill project
officially ended in 2017 when the building permits lapsed.
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In January 2011 philanthropist David Walsh opened the Museum of Old and New Art
(MONA) in Hobart to international acclaim. Within 12 months, MONA became Tasmania's
top tourism attraction.[47]
Port Arthur
Geography
Tasmania's landmass of 68,401 km2 (26,410 sq mi) is
located directly in the pathway of the notorious "Roaring
Forties" wind that encircles the globe. To its north, it is
separated from mainland Australia by Bass Strait.
Tasmania is the only Australian state that is not located
on the Australian mainland. About 2,500 kilometres
(1,600 mi) south of Tasmania island lies the George V
Coast of Antarctica. Depending on which borders of the
oceans are used, the island can be said to be either
surrounded by the Southern Ocean, or to have the Pacific
on its east and the Indian to its west. Still other
definitions of the ocean boundaries would have Tasmania
with the Great Australian Bight to the west, and the
Tasman Sea to the east. It lies at similar latitudes to the
South Island of New Zealand, and parts of Patagonia in Topography of Tasmania
South America.
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area in Australia covering about 3,800 square kilometres (1,500 sq mi).[49] With its rugged
topography, Tasmania has a great number of rivers. Several of Tasmania's largest rivers have
been dammed at some point to provide hydroelectricity. Many rivers begin in the Central
Highlands and flow out to the coast. Tasmania's major population centres are mainly situated
around estuaries (some of which are named rivers).
Insularity
Tasmania's insularity was likely detected by Captain Abel Tasman when he charted
Tasmania's coast in 1642. On 5 December, Tasman was following the east coast northward to
see how far it went. When the land veered to the north-west at Eddystone Point,[50] he tried to
keep in with it but his ships were suddenly hit by the Roaring Forties howling through Banks
Strait.[51] Tasman was on a mission to find the Southern Continent, not more islands, so he
abruptly turned away to the east and continued his continent-hunting.[52]
The next European to enter the strait was Captain James Cook on HMS Endeavour in April
1770. A talented and diligent hydrographer, Cook quickly identified the strait, but knew he
had to conceal it. The Admiralty had issued its usual instructions to hide strategically
important discoveries that could become security risks, such as off-shore islands from which
operations could be mounted by a hostile power, at a time of intense Anglo-French rivalry.
Consequently, in his journal Cook seemingly disguised his discovery with a riddle;[53] and on
his chart he drew a curtain across the truncated channel by sketching a false coastline down to
an invented Point Hicks.[54] Cook's ploy worked and Tasmania's insularity was suppressed for
three more decades, as Europe's mapmakers increasingly depicted it as a peninsula joined to
the mainland.
The age-old question about Tasmania's insularity – 'Is Van Diemen's Land a peninsula or an
island?' – was officially resolved in 1798–99 when George Bass and Matthew Flinders
circumnavigated the island. When news of their discovery of Bass Strait reached Europe, the
French government despatched a reconnaissance expedition commanded by Nicolas Baudin.
This prompted Governor King to send two vessels from Sydney to the island to establish a
garrison at Hobart.[55]
Climate
Tasmania has a relatively cool temperate climate compared to the rest of Australia with four
distinct seasons.[56] Summer is from December to February when the average maximum sea
temperature is 21 °C (70 °F) and inland areas around Launceston reach 24 °C (75 °F). Other
inland areas are much cooler, with Liawenee, located on the Central Plateau, one of the
coldest places in Australia, ranging between 4 °C (39 °F) and 17 °C (63 °F) in February.
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No.
Mean Min. Mean Max. Rainfall
City Clear
Temp °C Temp °C (mm) Moulting Lagoon and Great Oyster
days
Bay with the Freycinet Peninsula in
Hobart 8.3 16.9 41 616[59] the distance
Launceston 7.2 18.4 50 666[60]
Soils
On the north coast, apart from some relatively fertile alluvial soils used for fruit-growing,
there are also deep red, easily workable soils known as "krasnozems" ("red land"). These soils
are highly acidic and fix phosphate very effectively, but their extremely favourable physical
properties make them extensively used for dairying, beef cattle and fodder crops.
The Midlands and the Lower Derwent present a different story from the rest of the state.
Owing to a relatively dry climate and alkaline (mostly dolerite) parent material, these soils are
relatively unleached and contain lime in the deeper subsoil. They are mostly classified as
"prairie soils" or "brown earths" and bear some resemblance to the chernozems of Russia and
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North America, although they are much lower in available phosphorus and somewhat acidic
in the surface levels. Their higher nutrient levels, however, allow them to support productive
pasture, and large numbers of sheep are grazed in these regions. Some grain crops are also
grown in the driest areas. In the alluvial areas of southeastern Tasmania, rich alluvial soils
permit apples to be grown.
Tasmania became known as the "Apple Isle" because for many years it was one of the world's
major apple producers. Apples are still grown in large numbers, particularly in southern
Tasmania, and have the distinction of being the first approved by the Japanese government
for import, due to their verifiable pest-free status.[63]
Ecology
Geographically and genetically isolated, Tasmania is
known for its unique flora and fauna.
Flora
Fauna
Demography
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Name Population
Launceston 86,404[70]
Ulverstone 14,424[70]
At the 2016 census, the most commonly nominated Country of Birth (2016)[71][72]
ancestries were:[N 2][71][72] Birthplace[N 1] Population
Australia 411,490
English (47.7%)
Australian (46.3%)[N 3] England 18,776
Irish (11.7%) New Zealand 4,997
Scottish (10%) Mainland China 3,036
Indigenous (4.6%)[N 4]
Scotland 2,283
German (3.9%)
Netherlands 2,193
Dutch (2.2%)
Italian (1.5%) Germany 2,108
Chinese (1.5%) India 1,980
United States 1,630
19.3% of the population was born overseas at the 2016
census. The five largest groups of overseas-born were Philippines 1,616
from England (3.7%), New Zealand (1%), Mainland China South Africa 1,524
(0.6%), Scotland (0.4%) and the Netherlands (0.4%).
[71][72] Malaysia 1,409
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Language
At the 2016 census, 88.3% of the population spoke only English at home. The other languages
most commonly spoken at home were Standard Mandarin (0.8%), Nepali (0.3%), Greek
(0.2%) and Italian (0.2%).[71][72]
Religion
At the 2016 census, the most commonly nominated religions were 'No Religion' (37.8%),
Anglicanism (20.4%) and Catholicism (15.6%).[71][72]
Government
The form of the government of Tasmania is prescribed in
its constitution, which dates from 1856, although it has
been amended many times since then. Since 1901,
Tasmania has been a state of the Commonwealth of
Australia, and the Australian Constitution regulates its Parliament House, Hobart
relationship with the Commonwealth and prescribes
which powers each level of government is allowed.
Tasmania is a State in the Australian federation. Its relationship with the Federal Government
and Parliament are regulated by the Australian Constitution. Tasmania is represented in the
Senate by 12 senators, on an equal basis with all other states. In the House of Representatives,
Tasmania is entitled to five seats, which is the minimum allocation for a state guaranteed by
the Constitution—the number of House of Representatives seats for each state is otherwise
decided on the basis of their relative populations, and Tasmania has never qualified for five
seats on that basis alone. Tasmania's House of Assembly use a system of multi-seat
proportional representation known as Hare-Clark.
Elections
At the 2002 state election, the Labor Party won 14 of the 25 House seats. The people
decreased their vote for the Liberal Party; representation in the Parliament fell to seven seats.
The Greens won four seats, with over 18% of the popular vote, the highest proportion of any
Green party in any parliament in the world at that time.
On 23 February 2004 the Premier Jim Bacon Composition of the Parliament of Tasmania
announced his retirement, after being diagnosed Political House of Legislative
with lung cancer. In his last months he opened a Party Assembly Council
ALP 10 4
vigorous anti-smoking campaign which included
Liberal 13 1
many restrictions on where individuals could Greens 2 0
smoke, such as pubs. He died four months later. Independent 0 10
Bacon was succeeded by Paul Lennon, who, after Source: Tasmanian Electoral Commission
leading the state for two years, went on to win the 2006 state election in his own right.
Lennon resigned in 2008 and was succeeded by David Bartlett, who formed a coalition
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government with the Greens after the 2010 state election resulted in a hung parliament.
Bartlett resigned as Premier in January 2011 and was replaced by Lara Giddings, who became
Tasmania's first female Premier. In March 2014 Will Hodgman's Liberal Party won
government, ending sixteen years of Labor governance, and ending an eight-year period for
Hodgman himself as Leader of the Opposition.[74] Hodgman then won a second term of
government in the 2018 state election, but resigned mid-term in January 2020 and was
replaced by Peter Gutwein.[75]
Politics
Tasmania has a number of undeveloped regions. Proposals for local economic development
have been faced with requirements for environmental sensitivity, or opposition. In particular,
proposals for hydroelectric power generation were debated in the late 20th century. In the
1970s, opposition to the construction of the Lake Pedder reservoir impoundment led to the
formation of the world's first green party, the United Tasmania Group.[76][76]
In the early 1980s the state debated the proposed Franklin River Dam. The anti-dam
sentiment was shared by many Australians outside Tasmania and proved a factor in the
election of the Hawke Labor government in 1983, which halted construction of the dam. Since
the 1980s the environmental focus has shifted to old growth logging and mining in the
Tarkine region, which have both proved divisive. The Tasmania Together process
recommended an end to clear felling in high conservation old growth forests by January 2003,
but was unsuccessful.
Local government
Tasmania has 29 local government areas. Local councils are responsible for functions
delegated by the Tasmanian parliament, such as urban planning, road infrastructure and
waste management. Council revenue comes mostly from property taxes and government
grants.
As with the House of Assembly, Tasmania's local government elections use a system of multi-
seat proportional representation known as Hare–Clark. Local government elections take place
every four years and are conducted by the Tasmanian Electoral Commission by full postal
ballot. The next local government elections will be held during September and October 2018.
Economy
Traditionally, Tasmania's main industries have been mining (including copper, zinc, tin, and
iron), agriculture, forestry, and tourism. In the 1940s and 1950s, a hydro-industrialisation
initiative was embodied in the state by Hydro Tasmania. These all have had varying fortunes
over the last century and more, involved in ebbs and flows of population moving in and away
dependent upon the specific requirements of the dominant industries of the time.[77] The state
also has a large number of food exporting sectors, including but not limited to seafood (such
as Atlantic salmon, abalone and crayfish).
In the 1960s and 1970s there was a decline in traditional crops such as apples and pears,[78]
with other crops and industries eventually rising in their place. During the 15 years until 2010,
new agricultural products such as wine, saffron, pyrethrum and cherries have been fostered by
the Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research.
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34% of Tasmanians are reliant on welfare payments as Western Tasmania and South West
their primary source of income.[82] This number is in part Tasmania with natural resources on
due to the large number of older residents and retirees in 1865 map
Tasmania receiving Age Pensions. Due to its natural
environment and clean air, Tasmania is a common
retirement selection for Australians.[83]
Culture
Cuisine
During colonial times the cuisines of the British Isles were Smoked Tasmanian salmon.
the standard in most areas of Tasmania. Tasmania now Tasmania is a large exporter of
has a wide range of restaurants, in part due to the arrival seafood, particularly salmon.
of immigrants and changing cultural patterns. Scattered
across Tasmania are many vineyards,[84] and Tasmanian
beer brands such as Boags and Cascade are known and sold in Mainland Australia. King
Island off the northwestern coast of Tasmania has a reputation for boutique cheeses[84] and
dairy products. Tasmanians are also consumers of seafood,[84] such as crayfish, orange
roughy, salmon[84] and oysters,[84] both farmed and wild.
Events
To foster tourism, the state government encourages or supports several annual events in and
around the island. The best known of these is the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, starting on
Boxing Day in Sydney and usually arriving at Constitution Dock in Hobart around three to
four days later, during the Taste of Tasmania, an annual food and wine festival. Other events
include the road rally Targa Tasmania which attracts rally drivers from around the world and
is staged all over the state, over five days. Rural or regional events include Agfest, a three-day
agricultural show held at Carrick (just west of Launceston) in early May and NASA supported
TastroFest - Tasmania's Astronomy Festival, held early August in Ulverstone (North West
Tasmania). The Royal Hobart Show and Royal Launceston Show are both held in October
annually. Music events held in Tasmania include the Falls Festival at Marion Bay (a Victorian
event now held in both Victoria and Tasmania on New Year's Eve), the Festival of Voices, a
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national celebration of song held each year in Hobart attracting international and national
teachers and choirs in the heart of Winter, MS Fest is a charity music event held in
Launceston, to raise money for those with multiple sclerosis. The Cygnet Folk Festival is one
Australia's most iconic folk music festivals and is held every year in January, the Tasmanian
Lute Festival is an early music event held in different locations in Tasmania every two years.
Recent additions to the state arts events calendar include the 10 Days on the Island arts
festival, MONA FOMA, run by David Walsh and curated by Brian Ritchie and Dark MOFO
also run by David Walsh and curated by Leigh Carmichael.
Literature
Notable titles by Tasmanian authors include For the Term of his Natural Life by Marcus
Clarke, The Museum of Modern Love[85][86] by Heather Rose, The Narrow Road to the Deep
North by Richard Flanagan, The Alphabet of Light and Dark by Danielle Wood, The Roving
Party by Rohan Wilson and The Year of Living Dangerously by Christopher Koch, The Rain
Queen[87] by Katherine Scholes, Bridget Crack[88] by Rachel Leary, and The Blue Day Book
by Bradley Trevor Greive. Part of Helen Garner's Monkey Grip is set in Hobart. Children's
books include They Found a Cave by Nan Chauncy, The Museum of Thieves by Lian Tanner,
Finding Serendipity, A Week Without Tuesday and Blueberry Pancakes Forever[89] by
Angelica Banks, Tiger Tale by Marion and Steve Isham. Tasmania is home to the eminent
literary magazine that was formed in 1979, Island magazine, and the biennial Tasmanian
Writers and Readers Festival.
Media
Tasmania has five broadcast television stations which produce local content including ABC
Tasmania, Seven Tasmania – an affiliate of Seven Network, WIN Television Tasmania – an
affiliate of Ten Network, Nine Tasmania – an affiliate of the Nine Network (joint owned by
WIN and Southern Cross), and SBS.
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Tasmanian cinema
Films set in Tasmania include Young Einstein, The Tale of Ruby Rose, The Hunter, The Last
Confession of Alexander Pearce, Arctic Blast, Manganinnie, Van Diemen's Land, Lion, and
The Nightingale. Common within Australian cinema, the Tasmanian landscape is a focal point
in most of their feature film productions. The Last Confession of Alexander Pearce and Van
Diemen's Land are both set during an episode of Tasmania's convict history. Tasmanian film
production goes as far back as the silent era, with the epic For The Term of his Natural Life in
1927 being the most expensive feature film made on Australian shores. The Kettering
Incident, filmed in and around Kettering, Tasmania, won the 2016 AACTA Award for Best
Telefeature or Mini Series.
Visual arts
The biennial Tasmanian Living Artists' Week is a ten-day statewide festival for Tasmania's
visual artists. The fourth festival in 2007 involved more than 1000 artists. Tasmania is home
to two winners of the prestigious Archibald Prize—Jack Carington Smith in 1963 for a portrait
of Professor James McAuley, and Geoffrey Dyer in 2003 for his portrait of Richard Flanagan.
Photographers Olegas Truchanas and Peter Dombrovskis are known for works that became
iconic in the Lake Pedder and Franklin Dam conservation movements. English-born painter
John Glover (1767–1849) is known for his paintings of Tasmanian landscapes. The Museum
of Old and New Art (MONA) opened in January 2011 at the Moorilla Estate in Berriedale,[93]
and is the largest privately owned museum complex in Australia.[94]
Transport
Air
Antarctica base
Tasmania – Hobart in particular – serves as Australia's chief sea link to Antarctica, with the
Australian Antarctic Division located in Kingston. Hobart is also the home port of the French
ship l'Astrolabe, which makes regular supply runs to the French Southern Territories near
and in Antarctica.
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Road
Rail
Rail transport in Tasmania consists of narrow-gauge lines to all four major population centres
and to mining and forestry operations on the west coast and in the northwest. Services are
operated by TasRail. Regular passenger train services in the state ceased in 1977; the only
scheduled trains are for freight, but there are tourist trains in specific areas, for example the
West Coast Wilderness Railway. There is an ongoing proposal to reinstate commuter trains to
Hobart. This idea however lacks political motivation.
Shipping
Sport
Sport is an important pastime in Tasmania, and the state has produced several famous
sportsmen and women and also hosted several major sporting events. The Tasmanian Tigers
cricket team represents the state successfully (for example the Sheffield Shield in 2007, 2011
and 2013) and plays its home games at the Bellerive Oval in Hobart; which is also the home
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Rugby League Football is also played in the area, with the highest level of football played is in
the Tasmanian Rugby League competition. The most successful team is the Hobart Tigers,
who have won the title three times.
Rugby Union is also played in Tasmania and is governed by the Tasmanian Rugby Union. Ten
clubs take part in the statewide Tasmanian Rugby Competition.
Association Football (soccer) is played throughout the state, including a proposed Tasmanian
A-League Club and an existing statewide league called the NPL Tasmania.
Tasmania hosts the professional Moorilla International tennis tournament as part of the lead
up to the Australian Open and is played at the Hobart International Tennis Centre, Hobart.
The Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race is an annual event starting in Sydney, NSW, on Boxing Day
and finishing in Hobart, Tasmania. It is widely considered to be one of the most difficult yacht
races in the world.[97]
While some of the other sports played and barracked for have grown in popularity, others
have declined. For example, in basketball Tasmania has not been represented in the National
Basketball League since the demise of the Hobart Devils in 1996.
Notable people
Notable people from Tasmania include:
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Politicians
Joseph Lyons, former Prime Minister of Australia
Enid Lyons, wife of Joseph Lyons and first woman member of House of Representatives
Bob Brown, former leader of the Greens political party
Actors
Actor Norman Coburn, actor in Home and away
Actor Simon Baker, star of The Mentalist
Actor Errol Flynn
Actress Rachael Taylor
Australian actress Kris McQuade lives in Tasmania.
Actress Essie Davis, star of Miss Fisher's Murder Mysteries
Authors
Richard Flanagan, Australian author and recipient of the Man Booker Prize 2014
Heather Rose, Australian author and recipient of The Stella Prize 2017, the Christina
Stead Prize 2017, the Margaret Scott Prize 2017
Danielle Wood, Australian author and recipient of the Vogel Prize 2002
Rohan Wilson, Australian author and recipient of the Vogel Prize 2011, the Vance Palmer
Prize for Fiction 2016, The Margaret Scott Prize 2013
Louisa Ann Meredith (1812–1895), author and illustrator
Katherine Scholes, Australian author
Rachael Treasure, Australian author
Katherine Johnson, Australian author
Christopher Koch, Australian author
Nan Chauncy, author
Bob Brown, Australian author
James Boyce, Australian author
Bill Mollison, Author and permaculturalist. Right Livelihood Award, 1981
Kate Gordon, author
Simon Hanselmann, cartoonist, best known for his Megg, Mogg, and Owl series of comics
Sports persons
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Gallery
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See also
Index of Australia-related articles
List of amphibians of Tasmania
List of schools in Tasmania
Omission of Tasmania from maps of Australia
Outline of Australia
Regions of Tasmania
Notes
1. In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source, England, Scotland,
Mainland China and the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau are
listed separately
2. As a percentage of 475,884 persons who nominated their ancestry at the 2016 census.
3. The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate "Australian" as
their ancestry are part of the Anglo-Celtic group.[73]
4. Of any ancestry. Includes those identifying as Aboriginal Australians or Torres Strait
Islanders. Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian
Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any
ancestry.
5. Of any ancestry. Includes those identifying as Aboriginal Australians or Torres Strait
Islanders. Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian
Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any
ancestry.
References
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nsf/DetailsPage/3101.0Mar%202019?OpenDocument). 19 March 2020. Retrieved
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nts.utas.edu.au/17070/2/Whole-Clements-thesis.pdf) (PDF), University of Tasmania,
pp. 329–331
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ISBN 978-1-86395-491-4
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ISBN 978-1-86395-491-4
47. MONA takes top billing Trips – The Mercury – The Voice of Tasmania (https://web.archive.
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u/) 26 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
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discovery of Australia. Amsterdam: Theatrum Orbis Terrarum Ltd. p. 170.
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73. Statistics, c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of. "Feature Article
- Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Australia (Feature Article)" (http://www.abs.gov.au/Aussta
ts/abs@.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/49f609c83cf34d69ca2569de0025c18
2!OpenDocument). www.abs.gov.au.
74. "Tasmanian Liberals secure 15 seats as election count ends" (http://www.abc.net.au/news/
2014-03-27/tasmanian-liberals-secure-15-seats-as-election-count-ends/5350000).
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75. "Gutwein premier, Rockliff deputy, after Tasmanian Liberal rivals quit contest" (https://www.
abc.net.au/news/2020-01-20/tasmania-new-premier-announced-peter-gutwein/11880490).
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76. Davies, Lynn (2006). "Lake Pedder" (http://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasman
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6 March 2010.
77. Inc, IBP (16 December 2016). Australia Business and Investment Opportunities Yearbook
Volume 8 Tasmania Mining and Minerals (https://books.google.com.br/books?id=wQWtDw
AAQBAJ&pg=PA60&lpg=PA60&dq=These+all+have+had+varying+fortunes+over+the+las
t+century+and+more,+involved+in+ebbs+and+flows+of+population+moving+in+and+awa
y+dependent+upon+the+specific+requirements+of+the+dominant+industries+of+the+time
&source=bl&ots=eUwYCtN3O8&sig=ACfU3U2HcvG2wtWHfsyQ2wwjcv59-g5IZw&hl=pt-B
R&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj1_J7YqbDpAhV9LLkGHV82B5oQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onep
age&q=These%20all%20have%20had%20varying%20fortunes%20over%20the%20last%
20century%20and%20more,%20involved%20in%20ebbs%20and%20flows%20of%20pop
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20requirements%20of%20the%20dominant%20industries%20of%20the%20time&f=false).
Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1-4387-8388-8.
78. "Industry Info page" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110821224809/http://www.fruitgrowers
tas.com.au/industry_fgt.html). Fruit Growers Tasmania. Archived from the original (http://w
ww.fruitgrowerstas.com.au/industry_fgt.html) on 21 August 2011. Retrieved 26 August
2011.
79. Eslaka, Saul (August 2011). Local Government and Southern Tasmanian Economy.
80. "Major employers campaign to boost their public profile" (http://www.themercury.com.au/n
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765643507). The Mercury. 22 November 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
81. Hingst, Raymond D. (2004). "Call centres, recent history - where have they come from
and how did they get here?" (https://eprints.usq.edu.au/6861/). Proceedings of the 2nd
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82. Denholm, Matthew (9 April 2011). "Clean, green and leaning on the mainland" (http://www.
theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/clean-green-and-leaning-on-the-mainland/story-fn59
niix-1226035870147). The Australian. Sydney, Australia. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
83. Hanrahan, Danielle. "11 best places to retire in Australia" (https://www.oversixty.com.au/fin
ance/retirement-income/2014/08/11-best-places-to-retire-in-australia/). oversixty.com.
84. "Tasmania Food & Wine." (http://www.goway.com/downunder/australia/tasmania/tas_wine
_intro.html) Goway.com (http://www.goway.com/). Retrieved July 2011.
85. "Subscribe to The Australian | Newspaper home delivery, website, iPad, iPhone & Android
apps" (https://myaccount.news.com.au/sites/theaustralian/subscribe.html?sourceCode=TA
WEB_WRE170_a&mode=premium&dest=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/arts/tasmania
-writer-heather-rose-wins-50000-stella-prize/news-story/8051196872c9a36c4ac09a6103c
67bbd?memtype=anonymous). myaccount.news.com.au.
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Further reading
Alexander, Alison, ed. (2005). The Companion to Tasmanian History (http://www.utas.edu.
au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/). Hobart, Tasmania: Centre for Tasmanian
Historical Studies, University of Tasmania. ISBN 978-1-86295-223-2. OCLC 61888464 (htt
ps://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61888464).
Robson, L. L. (1983). A History of Tasmania. Volume I. Van Diemen's Land from the
Earliest Times to 1855. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-554364-5.
Robson, L. L. (1991). A History of Tasmania. Volume II. Colony and State from 1856 to the
1980s. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-553031-4.
Cameron-Ash M. (2018). "Lying for the Admiralty". Captain Cook's first voyage & secret of
Port Jackson. ISBN 978-0-648-04396-6
External links
Tasmania Online—the main State Government website (http://tas.gov.au/)
Discover Tasmania (http://www.discovertasmania.com/) – official tourism website
Geographic data related to Tasmania (https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/236965
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2) at OpenStreetMap
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