Power Electronics

‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫אא‬
‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫?‬ ‫?‬ ‫‪J‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫?‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫?‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫אא‬

‫א‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؛‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٧‬‬
‫‪١٠‬‬
‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫‪١{١‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪١٦‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪١٦‬‬ ‫א ‪1.2.1‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪١٩‬‬ ‫א ‪1.2.1.1‬‬ ‫א א א‬
‫‪١٩‬‬ ‫א א‪1.2.1.2‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫א ‪1.2.1.3‬‬
‫‪٢١‬‬ ‫א א ‪1.3‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٢٢‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א א ‪1.3.1‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٢٢‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.I‬‬
‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫א‬ ‫‪.II‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.III‬‬
‫‪٣٧‬‬ ‫א א ‪٢{٣{١‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٣٧‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.I‬‬

‫‪٤٠‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.II‬‬
‫‪٤٣‬‬ ‫א א ‪٤{١‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٤٥‬‬ ‫‪٥{١‬‬
‫‪٥١‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٥٤‬‬
‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬ ‫א ‪١{٢‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬ ‫‪١{١{٢‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٥٧‬‬ ‫א א ‪٢{١{٢‬‬
‫‪٥٩‬‬ ‫‪٣{١{٢‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٦١‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪F‬א‬ ‫‪٤{١{٢‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٦٣‬‬ ‫‪٥{١{٢‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٦٦‬‬ ‫א א ‪٦{١{٢‬‬
‫‪٦٩‬‬ ‫א ‪٢{٢‬‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪٧٠‬‬ ‫‪١{٢{٢‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٧٠‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.I‬‬

‫‪٧٤‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.II‬‬
‫‪٧٨‬‬ ‫‪٢{٢{٢‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٨٢‬‬ ‫‪٣{٢{٢‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٨٦‬‬ ‫א ‪٤{٢{٢‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٨٧‬‬ ‫‪٥{٢{٢‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٩٢‬‬ ‫‪٦{٢{٢‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٩٥‬‬ ‫‪٧{٢{٢‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٩٧‬‬ ‫‪٨{٢{٢‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٩٨‬‬ ‫‪٣{٢‬‬
‫‪١٠١‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪١٠٤‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪١٠٥‬‬ ‫א ‪١{٣‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪١٠٦‬‬ ‫א א ‪١{١{٣‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪١٠٨‬‬ ‫א ‪٢{١{٣‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪١١١‬‬ ‫א א ‪٣{١{٣‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬
‫‪١١٢‬‬ ‫‪٢{٣‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪١١٢‬‬ ‫‪١{٢{٣‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪١١٥‬‬ ‫‪٢{٢{٣‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪١١٨‬‬ ‫א ‪٣{٢{٣‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪١١٩‬‬ ‫א‪١{٣{٢{٣‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪١٢٢‬‬ ‫א‪٢{٣{٢{٣‬‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪١٢٤‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪١٢٧‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪١٢٧‬‬ ‫‪١{٤‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪١٢٨‬‬ ‫א ‪١{١{٤‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪١٣١‬‬ ‫א ‪٢{١{٤‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪١٣٣‬‬ ‫‪٢{٤‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪١٣٦‬‬ ‫‪٣{٤‬‬
‫‪١٣٦‬‬ ‫א‪١{٣{٤‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪١٣٧‬‬ ‫א‪٢{٣{٤‬‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪١٣٨‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪١٤١‬‬
‫‪١٤٢‬‬
‫‪١٤٤‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٥{١‬‬
‫‪١٤٥‬‬
‫א‬ ‫‪٥{٢‬‬
‫א‬ ‫‪٥{٣‬‬ ‫‪١٤٨‬‬
‫‪١٤٨‬‬
‫א‬ ‫‪٥{٣{١‬‬
‫‪١٤٩‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٥{٣{١{١‬‬ ‫‪١٥١‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٥{٣{١{٢‬‬ ‫‪١٥٦‬‬
‫א‬ ‫‪٥{٣{٢‬‬ ‫‪١٥٦‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٥{٣{٢{١‬‬ ‫‪١٦٠‬‬
‫א‬ ‫‪ ٥{٣{٢{٢‬א‬ ‫‪١٦٥‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٥{٣{٣‬‬ ‫‪١٦٧‬‬
‫‪١٦٨‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٥{٤‬‬
‫‪١٦٨‬‬
‫א‬ ‫‪٥{٤{١‬‬
‫‪١٧٠‬‬
‫א‬ ‫‪٥{٤{١{١‬‬
‫א‬ ‫‪٥{٤{١{٣‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٥{٤{١{٢‬‬ ‫‪١٧١‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪١٧٣‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪١٧٦‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪١٧٧‬‬
‫‪W‬‬
‫‪١٧٨‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٦{١‬‬
‫‪١٧٨‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٦{١{١‬‬
‫‪١٨١‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٦{١{٢‬‬
‫‪١٨٣‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٦{١{٢{١‬‬
‫‪١٨٤‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٦{١{٣‬‬
‫‪١٨٤‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٦{١{٣{١‬‬
‫‪١٨٩‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٦{٢‬‬
‫‪١٨٩‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٦{٢{١‬‬
‫‪١٨٩‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ٦{٢{١{١‬א‬
‫‪١٩٠‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٦{٢{١{٢‬‬
‫‪١٩١‬‬ ‫א‪K‬‬ ‫‪٦{٢{١{٣‬‬
‫‪١٩٤‬‬ ‫א‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٦{٢{٢‬‬
‫‪١٩٥‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪١٩٦‬‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‪ ،‬א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،UPS‬‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א א א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪K‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א א‬
‫א א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫אא‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‪١ .‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‪٢.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א ‪٣.‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‪٥.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪. ٤ .‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א א א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٢‬‬

‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٣‬‬

‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٤‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٥‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٦‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٧‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٨ K‬‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٩‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W ١{١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ١٩٤٨ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ١٩٥٨ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א א א‬ ١٩٥٦ K

‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، K
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬

‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ، ‫א א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
PowerElectronic Circuits ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
(Semiconductors) ‫א‬
K ‫א‬
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Uncontrolled& controlled

Rectifiers ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬K١ AC Voltage Controllers
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٢ DCChoppers K
‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٣
Inverters . ‫א א‬ K٤
12
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Uncontrolled Rectifiers ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ L
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ K1-1)( ‫א א‬ (Diode) ‫א א‬
. ‫א‬ )1-1( ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Controlled Rectifiers K ‫א‬ ‫א א‬L
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K (2-1) (Thyristor) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬
..Controlled Rectifier ‫א‬ ( J١)

‫ א‬٢ ‫א‬
13
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
AC Voltage Controllers K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ L
)١-٣(، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
(Triac) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
. ‫) א‬١-٣( ‫א א‬
AC Voltage Controller.
DC Choppers ‫א‬ ‫א‬ L ‫א‬
‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K(١-٤) ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ (Transistor) ‫א א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ‫א‬
.DC Chopper. ‫א‬ )١- ٤( ‫א‬ ‫א‬
14
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Inverters‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪L‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫)‪K(١-٥‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪KUPS‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.Inverter.‬‬ ‫)‪(١- ٥‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Power Electronic Elements ‫א‬ K٢{١
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
4 5 ‫א‬ kV ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ KkA

K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Power Diode ١٫٢٫١. ‫א א‬
، ، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬
K(Freewheeling diode) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ EP-NF
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ P N A (Anode) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K

‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ E ٦ J١ F K (Cathode) ‫א‬ KE ٦ J١F ‫א‬
E FE F K ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ E٦ J١F
‫א‬
16
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א א‬ K ‫א‬ A ‫א‬
، E ٧ J١F (Forward Bias) ‫א‬
‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ K

K1.2V ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬
‫א‬ ، K ‫א‬ A ‫א‬
‫א‬ (Reverse Bias) ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ، (LeakageCurrent) ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬EVBRF ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E ٧ J١F ، ‫א א‬
‫א‬ EF
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ EF
K ‫א א‬ E7-1F ‫א‬
17
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ، (Practical) )8-1( ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ (Ideal) ‫א‬ ‫א א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K(9-1)
K(VAK) ‫א‬ ‫( א א א‬IA) ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א א א‬ E9-1F ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ E8-1F ‫א‬

‫א א‬ . ‫א‬ . ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W
General Purpose Diode ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ J١
Fast Recovery Diode ‫א‬ ‫א‬ J٢
Schottky Diode ‫א‬ J٣
18
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪١{١{٢{١‬‬
‫‪General Purpose Diode‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬
‫‪F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪E1kHz‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K25µs‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K3kA‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪kV‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪E10-1F‬‬ ‫‪K 300A 1kv‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.EPowerex‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫‪E10-1F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Fast Recovery Diode‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٢{١{٢{١‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪µs‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪kV‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫‪K1kA‬‬ ‫אא‬
‫(‪)11-1‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫‪19‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
. ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E11-1F ‫א‬
Diode Schottky ، ‫א‬ ‫ א‬٣{١{٢{١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ P-N ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ P-N ‫א‬ ،P-N ‫א‬ K ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ‫א‬ E12-1F (Voltage Blocking) ‫א‬
300، ‫א‬ A
‫א‬ ، 200 v ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E13-1F
K ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
. ‫א‬ E12-1F ‫א‬
20
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E13-1F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Uncontrolled Rectifier Circuits‬‬ ‫א א ‪٣{١‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪E‬‬ ‫א‬‫‪F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א ‪،‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ،‬א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪KE‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K١‬‬
‫‪KE‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٢‬‬
‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א א‬
‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א א א‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪v‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪ ،‬א א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪21‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
.Single-phase Rectifier Circuits ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ K١{٣{١
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K

‫א‬ ، K(Bridge Rectifier) ‫א‬ (Center-tap-Rectifier) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
The Single-phase Half-wave Rectifier ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ KI

، ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ (DC Component) ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ E14-1F ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ K ‫א‬ K
22
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E14-1F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪23‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬
v t V sin ω. t 1-1
3 ‫א א‬ π 2π ، π 0 ‫אא‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W ‫א‬
i t v t V sin ω. t 2-1
R R
‫א‬ vs (t) ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ KE14-1F V L(t) ‫א‬
4π 3π ، 2π π ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ‫א‬ E F
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W(VAK) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ E14-1F

v t v t v t 3-1
، (t)VAK ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ (Peak Inverse Voltage-

KPIV)
KAC DC E F
‫א‬ ‫א‬ Vav ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ DC W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
24
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
V 1 V sin ω. t d ω. t 4-1
2 π
V
V 0.318 V 5-1
π
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Iav ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
I V V 6-1
R π R
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ (Poav) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
P V I I R V 7-1
R
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
V 1 V sin ω. t d ω. t
2π
V V 1 cos 2. ω. t d ω. t
2π 2
V V ω. t sin 2 ω t
4π 2
V V 0.5 V 8-1
2
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
I V 0.5 V 9-1
R R
25
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ Pin ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
P V I I R V 10-1
R
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،(Ripple) W ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Vac ‫א‬ ‫א‬
V V V 11-1
W ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W ‫א‬
‫א‬ W(η) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K١

P
η 100 12-1
P
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ WFF ‫א‬ K٢ W ‫א‬ ‫א‬
V
FF 13-1
V
‫א‬ W (Ripple Factor) ‫א‬ K٣ W ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

V
RF V
V V V 14-1
RF 1 FF 1
V V
26
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W (Transformer Utilization Factor-TUF-) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ٤

‫א א א‬ ‫א א‬ ، ‫א‬
W ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א א‬
TUF P 15-1
V I
V V W
√2
I V
R
‫א‬ ‫א‬ Is ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Vs K ‫א‬ ‫א‬
27
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W1-1
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬، E14-1F ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W 10 ‫א‬ Ω ٥ ‫א‬ (a =N1/N2) 220 ‫א‬VK ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ K١
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬K٢ K ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫ א‬K٣ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬K٤
K K ‫א א‬
٥
K ‫א א‬
K
٦
K ‫א א‬
K
٧
JW ‫א‬
10 Ω 5 V 220 v W ‫א‬
، ، W ‫א‬
V N V 1 220 44 v W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬١ K
N 5
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
V √2 V √2 44
62.23 v
V V 62.23 19.8 v : ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
π π
I V 19.8 1.98 A W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
R 10
V V 62.23 31 v W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٢
2 2
I V 31 3.1 A
R 10
28
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
P V I 19.8 1.98 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٣

‫א‬
39.204 W
P V I 31 3.1 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٤
96.1 W
η P 100 39.204 100 ‫א א‬ K٥
P 96.1
40.8%
PIV Vm 62.23 V K٦
‫א א‬
TUF P 39.204 0.286. ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٧

V I 44 3.112
1/TUF =1/0.286 =3.496.
1 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ /TUF=3.496: K ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٤٩٦{٣ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬
29
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪KII‬‬

‫‪Single-phase Full-wave Center-tap Rectifier‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E15-1F‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪D1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪D2‬‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪D2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪Vs‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪D2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ، 2‬א א‬ ‫)‪( VS‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪D1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪D2‬‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪E15-1F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪31‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Vav ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
V 1 V sin ω t . d ω. t 16-1
π
V 2V 0.6366 V 17-1
π
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Iav ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
I V 2 V 18-1
R π R
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
V 1 V sin ω. t d ω. t
π
V V 1 cos 2 ω t d ω. t
π 2
V V ωt sin 2 ω t
2π 2
V V 0.707 V 19-1
√2
W ‫א‬ E ‫א‬ F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
I V V 20-1
R √2 R
‫א‬ )١-١٧( ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ PIV ‫א‬ ، ‫א א‬
‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
32
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א )‪(١-١٥‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫ى إل (‪)١-١٢‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Single-phase Full-wave Bridge Rectifier‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪KIII‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬א א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א א‬
‫א (‪)16-1‬‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪D1‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪π0‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Vs‬‬
‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪D2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪D1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪KVs D3 , D4‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪D3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪ππ‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Vs‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪D3‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪D1 ,‬‬
‫‪D2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪D4‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪iL‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪KVs‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪PIV‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪33‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E16-1F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪34‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W 2-1
10 Ω 44 ‫א‬ v ‫א‬ ‫א‬ )16-1(، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W ‫א‬
K ‫א א‬ K١
K ‫א‬ K٢
K ‫א‬ K٣
K ‫א א‬ K٤
JW
V 44 V 10Ω ‫א‬ W ‫א‬
K ‫א א‬ K١
V √2 V √2 44 62.23 v
V 2 V 2 62.23 39.6 v
π π
I V 39.6 3.96 A
R 10
V 62.23 44 v
V
√2 √2
I
V 44 4.4 A
R 10
P V I 39.6 3.96 156.8 W
P V I 44 4.4 193.6 W
η P 156.8 0.81. % 81%.
P 193.6
FF V 44 1.11. % 111%. K٢
V 39.6 K ‫א‬
35
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٣‬‬

‫‪RF‬‬ ‫‪FF‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1.11 1 0.48‬‬
‫‪%‬‬ ‫‪48%.‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪K٤‬‬
‫‪PIV‬‬ ‫‪Vm 62.23 v‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪36‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
Three-phase Rectifier Circuits ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ K٢{٣{١
0.6366( ‫א‬ )١-١٧(، ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ )1-3-1( ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ×VmF ‫א‬
15 ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ kW ‫א‬ W ‫א‬
‫א א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ،
K ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
The Three-phase Half-wave Rectifier ‫א‬ .I
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ E17-1F K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ N ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א א‬ ‫א‬
37
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
. ‫א‬ E 17-1F ‫א‬
Va 5π/6 π/6 ‫א א‬ Da ‫א א‬
Vb Db ‫א א‬ ، EV b) (VcF ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Vc Dc ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א א‬
K 120°(2π/3) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
1 ⁄
V ⁄
V sin ω. t . d ωt
2 π/3
V 3√3 V 0.827 V 21-1

2 π
38
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
I V 0.827 V 22-1
R R
W ‫א‬ E ‫א‬ F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
P V I 23-1
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
1 ⁄
V ⁄ V sin ω. t d ω
V 0.84068 V 24-1
I V 0.84068 V 25-1
R R
W ‫א‬ E ‫א‬ F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
P V I 26-1
W ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
V V V 27-1
η P 100 96.8 % 28-1
P
FF V 1.017 29-1
V
30-1
RF FF 1 0.185 18.5%
TUF = 0.6643 = 66.43% 31-1
39
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Three-Phase Bridge Rectifier ‫א‬ ‫א‬ KII
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ K ‫א‬
K )18-1( ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ . D6D1

‫و‬D1D2, D2D3, D3D4,D4D5, D5D6 W ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
. ‫א‬ ‫א‬ (١٨ J١) ‫א‬
40
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
W ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
1 ⁄
V ⁄
√3V sin ωt . d ωt
π/3
V 3√3 V 1.654 V 32-1
π
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

V 1.654 V
I 33-1
R R
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
P V I 34 J1
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
1 ⁄
V V sin ωt d ωt
35-1
⁄
1.655 Vm
I V 1.655 V 36-1
R R
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
P V I 37-1
W ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
V V V 0.0575 V 38-1
41
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
η P 99.83 % 39-1
o av
Pin 40-1
V
1.0008 100.08%
V
41-1
1 0.04 4%
TUF = 0.9542 = 66.43% 42-1
42
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
Filter Circuits ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ K٤{ ١
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ (Rippl es)
(Filters) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ CL

‫א‬ ‫א‬ K(DCFilte r) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ KE19-1F LC ‫ א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬ (ACFilter)
KLC (١-٢٠) K ‫א‬
DC Filters ‫א‬ )19-1( ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
A C Filters ‫א‬ )20-1( ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
43
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ (19b-1) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
. ‫א‬ )21-1 ( ‫א‬
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
V V 43-1
2 f R C
W ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
V V 44-1
4√2 f R C
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
V V V V V
2 4 f R C
1
V 1 45-1 4 f R C
44
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א (‪)١-21‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪KCf2>Cf1‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪KKVdc‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪f K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K Cf‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪V‬‬
‫‪RF‬‬ ‫‪46-1‬‬
‫‪V‬‬
‫‪Applications.‬‬ ‫‪K٥{١‬‬
‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪)١-‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪UPS‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪KE‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫(‪٢٢‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬
‫‪.β‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪α‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪KE‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Vs‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪45‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
. ‫א‬ E22-1F
‫א א‬
W β ‫א א‬ α
E V sin α 47-1
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ α ‫א‬ ‫א א‬

E
α sin 48-1
V
46
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
β ‫א‬ ، ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ Vs ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
β π α 48-1
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
i t V t E V sin ωt E ….. α 50-1

R R
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬، ‫א‬ )50-1( ‫א‬ iL ‫א‬
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E ‫א‬ ‫א‬ F ‫א‬ ‫א‬
I 1 V sin ωt E d ωt
2π R
1 | V cos ωt E ωt |
2.π.R
I 1 2 V cosα 2 E α π E 51-1
2π R
47
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
3-1
100 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Wh 12 v ‫א‬ )١-٢٢( ‫א‬ ‫א‬
JW 120 ‫א‬ 1:2، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ V 5 ‫א‬A ‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K١
K ‫א‬ K٢ K
‫א‬ ‫ א‬K٣ K ‫א‬
K٤ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٥
K ‫א א‬ K٦
JW ‫א‬
E = 12 v , Vp=120 v, Io= 5 A W ‫א‬

N 2
N 1
V N ≫≫ V V N 120 1 60V
V N N 2
V √2 V √2 60 84.85 V
α sin E sin 12 °
8.13 0.1419 rad
V 84.85
β π α 180° 8.13° 171.87°
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ δ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
δ β α 171.87° 8.13° 163.74°

W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E51 J1F ‫א‬ Iav ‫א‬
I 1 2 V cosα 2 E α π E
2πR
48
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
5A ‫א‬ ‫א‬R ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W
R 1 2 V cosα 2 E α π E
2π I
R 1 2 84.85 cos 8.13 2 12 0.1419 π 12
2π 5 4.26Ω
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

1 Vm 2
sin t E
I d( t)
rms R
2
V2 2
2 2 Vm sin 24V E cos
1 m22 E
2 R 2 m
I 8.2 A
rms
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ R ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
2 2
PR= Irms × R = 8.2 4.26 = 286.4 W
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Po(av)= E × Iav=12 5= 60W W ‫א‬
t 100 100 1.66 h

P 60
P W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ η ‫א‬ ‫א‬
η 60 17.32 %
P P 60 286.4
W ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
PIV=Vm + E = 84.85+12 = 96.85 v
49
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪١٨٪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪50‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬؟‬

‫‪١‬‬
‫‪K‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ K‬؟‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪K‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٤‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ K‬؟‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫א א‬ ‫‪K‬؟‬
‫‪٦‬‬
‫‪K‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٧‬‬
‫‪K‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٨‬‬
‫‪K‬‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א א א‬
‫‪٩‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Ka‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪K b‬א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Kc‬‬

‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K d‬א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؟‬ ‫‪K١٠‬‬

‫א‬ ‫؟‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K١١‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪K١٢‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫؟‬ ‫‪K١٣‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪K١٤‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K١٥ K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪51‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪)6-1 1( ،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K١٦ W‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪12،‬‬ ‫‪W٥‬א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪380V‬‬ ‫א ‪ )21-1(،‬א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K١٧‬‬

‫‪W‬‬ ‫א ‪10 ،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Ω‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫א‪W‬‬
‫א‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫‪K١٨‬‬
‫‪K V o, iL, Vs, VAK‬‬
‫א א ‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪52‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪53‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א א א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪K١‬‬

‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫‪K٢ K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٣ K‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪K٤ K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٥‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٦‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٧ K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪K٩‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪K١٠‬‬
‫‪54‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
Thyristor ‫א‬ K١{٢

‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، K ‫א א‬ KSilico n Contro lled Rec tifier(S R)

‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
Thyri stor Con struction and O peration ‫א‬ K١{١{٢
Semicon ductors ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، J1 , J2 , J3 Junc tions PNPN
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ( Thyristor) K E ١ J٢F ‫א‬ G

(Gate) ‫א א‬ K ‫א‬ A ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E 1-2F ‫א א‬ P ‫א‬
K ‫א א א‬
EF EF
‫א‬ ‫א‬ E1-2F ‫א‬
55
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، E 2-2F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ J2 ‫א‬ ، (Forward Bias)
‫א‬ J1,J3 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ (Reverse Bias) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K(Leakage Current) ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K(Forward Blocking)
KE ‫א‬ F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬، E 2-2F

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ J1,J3 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ J2 ‫א‬
(Reverse Blocking) ‫א‬ K

K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ VAK ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
2-F (Forward Conducting) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ KE 2
EF EF EF
K ‫א‬ E2-2F ‫א‬
56
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Thyristor Characteristics‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪K٢{١{٢‬‬
‫‪VAK‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪E 3-2F‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪IA‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E‬‬

‫א א ‪F‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪PNPN‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K IBo‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪VBo‬‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K1V‬‬

‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪VBo‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪Ig‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א ‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪(Holding‬‬

‫)‪Current‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬
‫‪KIH‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א א‬ ‫‪VBR‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪ ،‬א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،E‬‬ ‫‪3-2F‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪57‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א (‪)3-2‬‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫‪VBo‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪F‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫)‪K IL(Latching Current‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪KIH‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬

‫‪58‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Thyristor Firing‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٣{١{٢‬‬
‫‪IL‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫אא‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫)‪K(4-2‬‬ ‫‪،Heat‬‬ ‫‪Sink‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪Heat sinks‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪E4-2F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪59‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪J2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪J2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ (Light‬א א‬ ‫‪Activated K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫)‪KSilicon Controlled Rectifier,-LASCR-‬‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫א‬ ‫‪VBo‬‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫)‪(Leakage current‬‬

‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫)‪W(dv/dt‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫אא‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫)‪K(dv/dt‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K1 µs‬‬ ‫‪200 V 20V‬‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪P2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪J2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ،‬א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪60‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Metho ds of Thyristor T urn-offE‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٤{١{٢‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪IH‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪J‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫)أ‪(٢-٥‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪( ،‬ب‪)٢-٥‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪dv/dt‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪E5-2F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪61‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪WE‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪J‬‬
‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪5-2F‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫)‪K(Line Commutated‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪62‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Thyristor Protection‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٥{١{٢‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪F‬‬

‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪KE KKK‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ،‬א א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪J‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫)‪(dv/dt‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪ ،‬א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫א ( ‪)6-2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪RC‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪R1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪R2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Edv/dtF‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪63‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫)‪E dv/dt‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K ( ) 6-2‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫عبنمال دھج‬ ‫عبنمال‬
‫دھج‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ dv/dt‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫(‪)6-2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪J‬‬

‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬

‫‪ ،‬א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Edi/dt F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪KE7-2F‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪64‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K di/dt ‫א‬ E7-2F ‫א‬
65
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Thyristor Types ‫א א‬ K٦{١{٢
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K

‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، Triac ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ، ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
W ‫א‬
Phase Controlled Thyristor(SCR) ‫א‬ ‫ א‬K

١
Fast Switching Thyristor (SCR) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬K
٢
Gate-turn-off Thyristor (GTO) ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫ א א‬K

٣
Bidirectional Triode Thyristor (TRIAC) ‫א‬ ‫ א‬K

٤
Light Activated Silicon-Controlled ‫א‬ ‫ א‬K

٥
Rectifier (LASCR)
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ (SCR) ‫א‬ ، ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ‫א א א‬ E٨ J٢F ، ‫א‬
K (9-2) ‫א‬
66
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
. ‫א א‬ E8-2F ‫א‬
.EPo erex F E9-2F ‫א‬
67
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫)‪(Datasheets‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪،‬א א ‪،‬‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪4000A 5000V‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬
‫‪68‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Controlled Rectifiers ٢٫٢. ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ?‫א‬ ‫? א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E F ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
Half-wave Controlled Rectifier
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Full-Wave Semi controlled
Rectifier
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Full-Wave Controlled Rectifier
‫א‬ ‫א‬
Dual Converter
69
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Single Phase Half-wave Rectifier‬‬ ‫‪١{٢{٢‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪KI‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K 10‐2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫אא‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪α‬‬
‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫)‪ωt π‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K 11‐2‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E10-2F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪70‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E11-2F ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ Vav ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W 0‐2π ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Vo E ‫א‬F ‫א‬
V 1 V sin( t) d( t) V 1 cos 1‐
m
2
av m
2 2
‫אא‬ ‫א‬
1‐2 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Kα ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

V
I av Vm 1 cos 2-2
av
R 2 R
71
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
V 1 (V sin t )2 d t
rms m
2
Vm sin(2 )
V
rms 1 3-2
2 2
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
I rms V 4-2
rms Vm 1 sin(2 )
R 2R 2
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
72
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
٢ -١
208v ‫א‬ W 10 ، ‫א‬ Ω

60 ‫א‬ Hz
K45° ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K١ K 6A
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٢ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٣
K PIV ‫א‬ K٤ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
K٥ JW ‫א‬
Vm Vrms 2 208 2 294.156 v ‫א‬ J١

V V 1 cos46.816 (1 cos 45 ) 79.92 v
m
av
2
V av
Iav R 7.992 A
6A ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٢
Vav Iav R 6 10 60 A
α ‫א א‬ Vav 3‐1 ‫א‬
294 .156
60 1 cos 2
73 .64
.٣. ‫ ىصقأ ىلع لوصحلل‬i‫ نأ بجي لمحال رايتل ةميق‬i‫رفصلل ةيواسم العشإلا ةيواز نوكت‬
V Vm 1 cos46.816 (1 cos( 0)) 93.63 V

av (max)
2
I V
av max 93.63 9.36 A
av (max)
R 10
PIV Vm 294.156 v .٤
11‐2 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ K٥
73
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪KII‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪2‐12‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E 12‐2F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫אא‬
‫‪ ،‬א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪β‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫‪Freewheeling diode‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪π α‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪β π‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ،‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪2‐12‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪74‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E12-2F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Vav‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪2π‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪0‬‬ ‫‪Vo‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪V m coscos‬‬

‫‪V av‬‬ ‫) ‪V m sin( t ) d ( t‬‬ ‫‪5-2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫א‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪1‐2‬‬

‫‪av‬‬
‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪6-2‬‬
‫‪av‬‬
‫‪R‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪75‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E 12-2F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪76‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E 12‐2F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪77‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ K٢{٢{٢
Single Phase Full-wave Semi Controlled Rectifier

‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ، E13‐2F D1,D2 ‫א א‬ Q1,Q2 ‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
“” ‫א‬ Q1 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ D1 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
KEtF ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Q2

‫א‬ E2π ωt π αF ‫א‬ ‫א‬ D2 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K t 2 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E14‐2F
‫א‬ )13-2( ‫א‬
78
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E14‐2F ‫א‬
‫א‬ Vav ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W 0‐ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Vo ‫א‬ ‫א‬
V av V m sin( t )d ( t ) V m 1 cos 7-2

1
79
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
V Vm W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

av
I 1 cos 8-2
av
R R
‫א‬ E F
‫א‬ ‫א‬ E٧ J2F ، ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K One quadrant) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
80
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫الثم ‪:2-2‬‬
‫‪208V/60Hz‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Ω‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪،‬‬
‫‪K60°‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K1‬‬

‫‪K150V‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K2‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪K3‬‬
‫‪JW‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Vm Vrms‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪208‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪294.156 v‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫‪Vav‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫‪1 cos 93 633 1 cos60 140.4495 v Iav Rav‬‬
‫‪9.3633 v‬‬
‫א א ‪K150 v‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K2‬‬
‫ةميق‪ i‬نع ‪ Vav‬ةيوازال داجيإ نكمي‪α i‬‬ ‫‪2‐7‬‬ ‫ةلداعمال يف ضيوعتالب‬
‫‪294.156‬‬
‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪1 cos‬‬
‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪93 .6328 1‬‬ ‫‪cos‬‬
‫‪α‬‬ ‫‪52.987o‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪K3‬‬
‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬
‫‪Vm‬‬
‫)‪Vo (max‬‬ ‫‪1 cos‬‬ ‫‪93.633‬‬ ‫) ‪(1 cos 0‬‬ ‫‪187.266 V‬‬
‫‪81‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
K٣{٢{٢
Single hase F ll-wave Controlled Rectifier
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ E15‐2F KQ1,Q2,Q3,Q4

K ‫א‬
Q2،Q1 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Q1, Q2 ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ t

Q1, Q 2 ‫א‬ E ‫א‬ Q3,Q4 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Q2،Q1 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K2
KE16‐2 F ‫א‬
‫א‬ E15-2F ‫א‬
‫א‬ Vav ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‐ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
KE9‐2 F
‫א‬ ، E10 ‐2 F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬،
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 90° ‫א‬
82
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 90° ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ .(Two quadrant) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫אא‬ ‫א‬
1 2 V cos
Vav Vm sin( t)d( t)
m
9-2
V 2 Vm cos
Iav av
10-2
R R
83
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫(‪)16-2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪84‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W3‐2
208v/ 60Hz ‫א‬ ‫א‬
12 Ω ‫א‬
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،،‫א‬
K60° ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K1

KPin ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K2
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K3
K120°
JW ‫א‬
K 1. ‫א‬
V V 2 208 2 294 .156 v
m rms
V 2 Vm cos 2 294 .156 cos 60 93 .633 v

av
V
I av 7.8 A
av
R
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
93.633 7.8 730.6

، ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ 120o ‫א‬ ‫א‬
2 Vm cos K 3‐9 ‫א‬
V 187 .266 cos 12093 .633 V

av
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
∙ 93.633 7.8 730.6
85
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
Single -Phase Dual Converter ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٤{٢{٢

‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، E17‐2F ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫ א‬، K ‫א‬ ‫א‬
. )17-2 (‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ Q1,Q2, Q3,Q4 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
V 2 Vm cos a1 1 1-
av 1 2
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ Q1’,Q2’,Q3’,Q4’ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
V 2 Vm cos a2 1 2-2
av 2
86
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Three Phase Half-waveRectifier‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٥{٢{٢‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪Q1,Q2,Q3‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K 18‐2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪ ،‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Q1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E18‐2F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Q2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Q3‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א ‪ ،‬א‬ ‫‪Van‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪t /6 Q1 t 5 /6 Q2‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Vbn‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Q2‬‬ ‫‪t 3 /2‬‬ ‫‪Q3‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪Vcn‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K 19‐2‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪87‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E1 -2F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪sin‬‬
‫‪sin‬‬ ‫‪2 ⁄3‬‬

‫‪sin‬‬ ‫‪2 ⁄3‬‬
‫‪88‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E19-2F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪89‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ E ‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬K ‫א‬
6/ 5 ، ‫א‬ /6 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
5
KE13‐2F ‫א‬ ‫א‬
6
V 3 3 3 Vm cos 13-2
av Vm sin( t )d ( t )
2 2
6
90
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W4‐2
‫א‬
10 ‫א‬ Ω 208،‫א‬ ‫א‬ V ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W
K 30° ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K1

K 60° ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K2
K 120° ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K3
K ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ K4
JW ‫א‬
V Vrms 2 208 2 169.83 v .1

m
3 3
V 3 3 Vm cos140 449 (cos 30 ) 121.633 v
av
V 2
av
I 12.166 A
av
R
V 3 3 Vm cos140 449 (cos 60 ) 70.2245 v .2
av
2
I V
av 7A
av
R
V 3 3 Vm cos140 449 (cos120 ) 70.2245 V
2 .3
av
V av
Iav R 7A
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٤ K
33V
Vav m cos 140 449 (cos 0 ) 140 .45 V 2
91
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ K٦{٢{٢
Three Phase Semi controlled Rectifier
‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬، ‫א‬ ، E20‐2F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
EOne QuadrantF 120 kW ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
KE14‐2F ‫א‬
Vav 3 3 Vm (1 cos ) 14-2
‫א‬ )20-2( ‫א‬
92
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W5‐2
10 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Ω
208 ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ v ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W
K 45° ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K1 K 75° ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K2

K 135° ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K3 K ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
K4
K6 A ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K5
JW ‫א‬
Vm 208 2 169 .83 v -١

3
V 3 3 Vm 1 cos140 449 (1 cos 45 ) 239.76 v
av
2
V
I av 23.976 A
av
R
V 3 3 Vm 1 cos140 449 (1 cos 75 ) 176.8 v -٢
av
2
V 3 3 Vm 1 cos140 449 (1 cos135 ) 41.136 v -٣
av
2
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٤ K
V 3 3 Vm 1 cos140 449 (1 cos 0 ) 280 .898 v

av
2
W 6 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ A K٥
Vav Iav R 6 10 60 v
93
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬
‫نعوض عن قيمة ‪ Vav‬في المعادلة (‪ )١٤-٢‬للحصول على زاوية اإلشعال االلزمة للحصول على تيار ‪6A :‬‬
‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪83. 169 33‬‬
‫‪cos 1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪125‬‬
‫‪94‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
Three Phase Full-wave Rectifier ‫א‬ K٧{٢{٢
‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ، E21‐2F ‫א‬ ، Tw o quadrant

‫א‬ ‫א‬ KE15‐2F ‫א‬ ‫א‬
3 3 V
Vav m cos
15-2
‫א‬ E21-2F ‫א‬
95
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W 6‐2
‫א‬
10 ‫א‬ Ω ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K 208 v ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W
K 45° ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K1 K Ps

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K2
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K3 K135°
W ‫א‬
Vm 208 2 169 .83 v .١

3
V 3 3 Vm cos 280 .898 (cos 45 ) 198 .625 v
av
I V
av 198 .625 19 .86 v
av
R 10
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٢ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
198.625 19.86 3944.7

‫א א‬ ‫א‬ 135o ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٣
K 3‐15 ‫א‬
V 3 3 Vm cos280 .898 (cos 135 ) 198 .625 v

av
‫א‬ ‫א‬
198.625 19.86 3944.7
96
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
Three Ph ase DualConverter K٨{٢{٢
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 2‐22 ، ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ E22-2F ‫א‬
97
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٣{٢‬‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א?‬ ‫‪? ،‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E23‐2F‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ،‬א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪ ،‬א‬ ‫‪ ،‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪ ،‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ،‬א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪98‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ﻡﻮﻜﳏ ﺪﺣﻮﻣ‬
‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E23-2F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W7‐2‬‬
‫‪2.5 ،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪hp‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪10A‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ K 220V/60Hz‬א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א ‪1500‬‬ ‫‪rpm‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K1‬‬
‫‪K 500 rpm‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K2‬‬
‫‪K 0.2 Ω‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪١١٠ ،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪VE‬‬ ‫‪I R‬‬

‫‪a a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫‪Ea K‬‬
‫‪T‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪Ia‬‬
‫‪2n 60‬‬
‫‪99‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
V 2Vm cos
av
Vm 220 2 311.13 v
2 n 2 1500 157 .1 rad / sec
60 60
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
T P 2.5 746 11 .87 N.m

157 .1
K T 11.87 1.187
Ia 10
Ea K1.187 157.1 186.6 v
Va Ea IaRa 186.6 10 0.2 188.6 v
W ‫א‬ Vav Va ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
V 188 .6
av
cos 0.9522
2Vm 2 311 .13
17 .8o
W 500 rpm ‫א‬ ‫א‬
2 500
K 1 1.187 62.15 v 60
Va1 Ea1 Ia R a 62.15 10 0.2 64.15 v
V 64.15 0.3238
cos 1 av1
2Vm 2 311 .13

1 71 .1o
100
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٢.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ١.‬؟ א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫؟‬ ‫‪K‬‬

‫‪٤.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪ ٣.‬؟‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٦.‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א ‪ ٥.‬؟‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪ ٧.‬؟‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א ‪٨.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪٩.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬

‫א ‪١٠.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪١١.‬‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫×‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪.١٢‬‬

‫□‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Ka‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Kb‬‬
‫□‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫□‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Kc‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ Kd‬א‬
‫□‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫‪101‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א ‪١٣.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.١٤‬‬
‫‪.١٥‬‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Ω‬‬ ‫‪208‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪JW‬‬ ‫א‪2،‬‬ ‫‪kW‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Po‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א א‬ ‫‪Ka K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪Kb K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪Kc K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Kd‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Ke‬‬

‫‪3،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪hp‬‬ ‫‪12 ١٦.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫א ‪220‬‬ ‫‪V/60Hz‬‬
‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א ‪1500 ،‬‬ ‫‪rpm‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.a‬‬

‫‪K 800 rpm‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.b‬‬
‫‪K150°‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.c‬‬
‫‪K 0.2Ω‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪102‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪103‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א א א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K١ K‬‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪K٢ K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٣‬‬

‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٤ K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪K٥ K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٦ K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪K٧ K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪K٨‬‬
‫‪104‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
١{٣
Power Transistor ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
‫א א‬ ‫א‬ W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
(Bipolar Junction Transistor) BJT ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ J‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ١
‫א‬ J٢
(Metal–Oxide-Semiconductor Filed Effect Transistor) MOSFET
‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ J٣
(Insulated Gate Bipolar JunctionTransistor) IGBT
105
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
(Bipolar Junction Transistor) BJT ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

١{١{٣
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ KE ١ J٣F ‫א‬
p-n ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ، ECollectorF ‫א‬ EBaseF ‫א‬
EEmitterF ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ E ١ J٣F ‫א‬ pnp npn ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ pn ‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
EBase-Emitter JunctionF ‫א‬ J

J٣F EBase-Collector Junction F ‫א‬ J ‫א‬ B ‫א‬
،C ،E ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، E ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ١ E٢

J٣F K Kpnp ‫א‬ npn ‫א‬
C (Collector) ‫א‬
C
Metalized contacts
‫أ‬ ‫א‬ -‫א‬
Oxide Base-Collector
n p
‫א‬ ‫א‬ junction
Emitter
Base ‫א‬ B p B n
Collector ‫عمجمال‬ (Base)
n ‫א‬ -‫א‬ p
Substrate ‫ساسأ ةقبط‬
Base-Emitter
junction
E (Emitter) ‫א‬ E
EF EF
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E٣-١)
106
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
C
C
B B
E E
pnp
npn
-
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ E٣ ٢F
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
VCE ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ IC ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K IB ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬
E٣ J٣ F
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
ECut off RegionF ‫א‬
KE٣ J٣F
IC
IB 5
IB 4
IB 3
IB 2
IB 1
IB = 0.0 VCE
0
‫א‬ (Cutoff region)
K ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E3 J3F
107
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
MOSFET ٢{١{٣ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
(MOSFET) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ (Insulated Gate Field

Effect ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ BJT ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
15
KIGFET Transistor) ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ (1010Ω - 10 Ω)
، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א אא‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ (Substrate)

‫אא‬ ‫א א‬ FpJ ‫א‬ (P J ‫א‬ FnJ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ (n J ‫א‬ ‫א‬ (Drain) ‫א‬
(Source) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K(SiO2) ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ .(Gate) ‫א א‬
KE4 J3F
‫ةباوبال‬ ‫ةباوبال‬
(Gate) (Gate)
‫عبنمال‬ S G D ‫بصمال‬ ‫عبنمال‬ S G D
‫بصمال‬
(Source) (Drain)
‫ندعم‬
(Source) (Drain)
(metal)
n n ‫نوكيليسال ديسكأ يناث‬ p p
P-‫عونال نم ساسألا ةقبط‬ (Silicon dioxide) n-‫عونال نم ساسألا ةقبط‬

(p-substrate) SiO2 (n-substrate)
(‫)ب‬ (‫)أ‬
MOSFET ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E٣-٤)
n- )‫(ب‬ ‫א‬ p- )‫(أ‬ ‫א‬
108
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
n J ‫א‬ MOSF ET ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E٥ J٣F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ pJ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K
n- channel ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E٥ J٣F
MOSFET ‫א‬ ‫א‬
MOS FET ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E٦ J٣F

، ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ E ٦ J٣F Kn J ‫א‬ KVDS ID
‫א‬ V GS ‫א‬ ‫א‬ F ‫א‬ ID ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E ٦ J٣F
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א א‬
‫א א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬p J ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E٦ J٣F ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ K‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
109
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
ID, mA
ID, mA ‫المنطقة االومية‬ ‫منطقة التشبع‬

300 )Ohmic region( )Saturationregion(
6.0
250 30
200 0 5.5
25
150 5.0
0
100 20 5.
4.0
50 0 3.5
15 3.0 VGS=2V
0 VT
0 0
1 0 2 3 4 2 3 4 5
VDS, V
V6GS, V 5 001
10
EF EF
n-‫ ذو القناة‬MOSFET ‫) منحنيات خواص لترانستور‬٦-٣( ‫شكل‬
)Drain or Output characteristics( ‫(أ) خواص المصرف أو الخرج‬
)Transfer characteristic ( ‫(ب) خواص التحويل‬
110
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
٣{١{٣
I GBT ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬
EB JT) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ EI BTF ‫א‬
‫א א‬ KEMO SFET) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K(BJT)

‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
(MOSFETF ‫א‬ EBJT F

1000A 1600V ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ K40kHz (Emitter) C
(Collector) ، ‫א‬ K ‫א א‬ E7-3 F KG (Gate)
‫א‬ E ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ KIGBT ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K
‫א‬ ‫א‬
IGBT ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
KI GBT ‫א א‬ E7-3F ‫א‬
111
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪DC Choppers‬‬ ‫‪٢{٣‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‪،‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫‪KKKK‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪١{٢{٣‬‬

‫‪Theory of Operation‬‬
‫‪E8‐3F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Toff‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ،‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Ton‬‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K E9‐3F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E8‐3F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪112‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ E9-3F ‫א‬
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
V 1 TonVs dt T Vs k Vs 1 -3
av on
T T
0
k T
on ٢ J
T
W
‫א‬ W Vs
‫א‬ W Ton
‫א‬ W Toff
‫א‬ ‫א‬W T
E F
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W Vav
‫א‬ W K
113
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Ps ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Po ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬، ON ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬W ‫א‬
T 2 2 2
1 1 T T V V
v
on
on
s on s s
Ps P o T v s io dt T R dt T R k R 3-3
0 0
K 100% ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬
V 4-3
I av av k V
s
R R
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
T 2
1 on T
V V
dt Vsk Vs 5-3
on
rms s
T 0 T
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E1‐3F 500 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Hz ‫א‬ ‫א‬
2500 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Hz ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬، KKKKKK GTO MOSFET IGBT BJT ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ E5‐3F E1‐3F 2 ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ V 0.5V ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ :
1 T T
on
T
1 on
on
Vav Vo dt (Vs Vd )dt (Vs Vd ) k(Vs Vd ) 6-3
T T0 T
0
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ Vd
114
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
1 T T
on
V 2
rms (Vs Vd ) dt
on
(Vs Vd ) k (Vs Vd ) 7-3
T 0 T
T T
on on W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
1 1 T
P V I dt Vs (Vs Vd ) dt on Vs (Vs Vd ) k Vs (Vs Vd )
s s o
T 0
T 0 R T R R 8-3
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
1 Ton Ton T
1 (Vs Vd ) 2 on (Vs Vd ) 2 (Vs Vd ) 2
Po T V I dt T 0 R dt T R k R 9-3
0 o o
W ٢{٢{٣ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W
W PWM ‫א‬ J١
، T ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Ton ‫א‬
KE10‐3F ‫א‬ ‫א‬
115
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E10‐3F ‫א‬
W Frequency Modulation –FM‐ 2‐ ‫א‬
، Ton ‫א‬ ‫א‬ T ‫א‬ KE11‐3F ‫א‬
‫א‬
116
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E11‐3F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪117‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٣{٢{٣‬‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪SCR‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪GTO‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪BJT‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪MOSFET‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪MOSFET‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪ ‬א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Step‐Down DC‬‬

‫‪Choppers‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Step‐Up DC Choppers‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪118‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Step Down DC Ch oppers‬‬

‫א‪١{٣{٢{٣‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬

‫א‬
‫א א‬ ‫‪E 12‐3F‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪E13‐3F‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪On‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Off‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E1‐3F‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪E12‐3F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪119‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E13-3F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪120‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W1-3
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K60% 1kHz 300 ‫א‬V
15 ‫א‬ Ω
W ‫א‬ K 2V ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ١ K٢

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٣
‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٤ K‫א‬ ٥
K٦
JW ‫א‬
R 15 , Vs W ‫א‬
300V, k 0.6 , f 1 kHz

T 1 1 0.001 sec. 1ms ‫א‬ K
‫ א‬١
f 1000
T k T 0.6 0.001 0.0006 sec. 0.6ms ‫א‬ K٢
on
Toff (1 k)T (1 0.6) 0.001 0.0004 sec. 0.4s ‫א‬ K٣

V k Vs Vd 0.6(300 2) 178 .8 V ‫א‬ ‫א‬K٤
av
‫א‬
k Vs V d
V 0.6(300 2) 230.83V ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٥
rms
‫א‬
k(Vs Vd )2 0.6 (300 2) 2 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٦

Po R 15 3552 .16 W ‫א‬
k V (V V ) 0.6 300(300 2)
P s s d 3576 W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٧
s ‫א‬
P R 15
o
100 3552 .16 100 99.33% ‫א א‬ K٨
P 3576
s
121
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Step- Up DC Choppers‬‬ ‫א ‪٢{٣{٢{٣‬‬ ‫א א‬
‫א א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪E14‐3F‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Vs‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E15‐3F‬‬ ‫‪KVL‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬

‫‪14‐3 F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪E15‐3F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪122‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪t1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Vo V s L‬‬ ‫‪Vs (1‬‬ ‫‪) Vs‬‬ ‫‪10 J٣‬‬

‫‪t2‬‬ ‫‪t2‬‬ ‫‪1 k‬‬
‫‪W‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪Vs‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪∆I‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪k‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪CL‬‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Vo‬‬ ‫א ‪3‐9‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪123‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؟‬ ‫‪K١ ،BJT‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫‪K٢‬‬
‫‪KN‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪MOSFET‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪IGBT‬؟‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٣ K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪ K٤‬א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؟‬ ‫‪K٥ K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪K‬‬ ‫‪٦‬؟‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪K٨‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪E×F‬‬ ‫‪EF K٩‬‬
‫□‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪□ K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪□ K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K١٠‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪kHz‬‬
‫א‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪Ω‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K2V‬‬
‫א ‪ :‬א ‪5‬‬ ‫א‬‫‪kW‬‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‪K‬‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K١١‬‬
‫‪124‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪125‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א א א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪١.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٢.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٣.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪126‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪AC Voltage Controllers‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫אא‬
‫‪Theory Of Operation‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪١{٣‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ،‬א‬ ‫‪E1‐4 F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Q , Q2‬‬
‫‪ ، 1‬א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪180°‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E1-4F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫אא‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫‪127‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Control On-Off‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪١{١{٣‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪Q1, Q2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪V‬‬

‫‪، rms‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪E2‐4F‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ،‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Kig2 Q2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ig1 Q1‬‬
‫א‬
‫‪E‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E2‐4F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪m‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪Vs‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪128‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪2V 2‬‬ ‫‪sin 2 td t V‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪k‬‬
‫) ‪o(rms‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬
‫‪2 n m‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪n m‬‬ ‫‪1-4‬‬
‫ثيح ‪ k‬ةيالتال ةلداعمال نم اھباسح نكميو ليغشتال ةبسن يھ‪:‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪J٤‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪T‬‬

‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪J٤‬‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪J٤‬‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E١ J٤F‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪J٤‬‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪J٤‬‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪٧‬‬
‫‪J٤‬‬
‫√‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٨‬‬
‫‪√2‬‬ ‫‪J٤‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪129‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W1‐4
١٠ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ١٢٧ ٦٠ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٢٥
W ٧٥ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ١. ‫א‬
K ٢. ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
K ٣. ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ٤. ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ٥. ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ٦. ‫א‬
K ٧. ‫א‬
‫א‬
k n 25 0.25 ‫א‬
n m 25 75
V V k 127 0.25 63.5 v ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
o(rms) s
I V 63.5 6.35 A
o(rms)
o(rms)
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
R 10
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Po Vo(rms) Io(rms) 63.5 6.35 403.225 W
‫א‬ ‫א‬
S Vs Is 127 6.35 806 .45 W
P ‫א‬
PF o k 0.5
S
Im Vm 19.96 A
‫א‬
R
130
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Phase Angle Control‬‬ ‫א ‪٢{١{٤‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Q1, Q2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪KE3‐4F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪١٨٠‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪Vs‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E3-4F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪131‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪E4‐4F‬‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫‪D1 Q1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪D2 Q2‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E٤ J٥F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪2 2V‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪sin 2 td t V‬‬ ‫(‪1‬‬ ‫‪sin 2‬‬ ‫‪sin 2‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪orms‬‬ ‫‪2 s‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪9-4‬‬
‫‪132‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٢{٣‬‬
‫‪Single Phase Controller with inductive load‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E5‐4F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪°١٨٠‬‬ ‫‪W‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Q1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪απ‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Q1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Q1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪KE6‐4F‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Q1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪Q2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪4‐6 ،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א ‪4‐5‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪133‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E6-4F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪(2 + F E +‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Q2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E+F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Q1 K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪KE7-4F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪134‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א (‪)7-4‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪135‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٣{٣‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א ‪١{٣{٣‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E8‐4F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ،‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E8-4F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪136‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א ‪٢{٣{٣‬‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E9‐4F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Ta‬‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫‪Tr‬‬

‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪ ،‬א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪Tr‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪e Tr ‐Ta Tr‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪e‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪e‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫‪E9-4F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪137‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪K‬‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؟‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א ‪10‬‬ ‫א‬‫‪Ω K٦‬‬

‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪60،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Hz127V‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪6،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ،‬א‬ ‫‪m‬‬

‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪Ka‬‬
‫‪Kn, m‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Kb‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Kc‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Kd‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Ke‬‬
‫‪Kf‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א ‪10‬‬ ‫א‬‫‪Ω K٧‬‬

‫א ‪n 60‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Hz200v‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪،‬א‬ ‫‪m‬‬

‫‪K 1000W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Ka‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪٨٠‬‬ ‫‪m n‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Kb‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Kc‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Kd‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Ke‬‬
‫‪138‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٨ K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪K١٠‬‬

‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪139‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א א‬
‫‪140‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א א א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K١‬‬

‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٢‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٣‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٤‬‬
‫‪141‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬
‫א‬ ‫‪Inverters‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪F‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪PWM‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫)‪(Inverters‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪ ،‬א א‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‪،‬‬ ‫‪ KKKKIGBT‬א ‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪142‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) ‫א‬ K١

K ‫אא‬
Current Source Inverter (CSI) ‫א‬ K٢ K

‫אא‬
143
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ١{٤
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Filter ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
R‐L‐C ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ K ‫א א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬
(Induction Motors) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
(Synchronous Motors) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
(Induction Heating) ‫א‬ ‫א‬
(Aircraft Power Supplies) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
(Uninterruptible Power Supplies UPS) ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬

(High-voltage DC Transmission)
‫א‬ ‫א‬
(Standby Power Supplies)
(Battery) ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
(Solar Cell) 400 ‫א‬ Hz 220 v 60 Hz 220 v 50 Hz 380 v /220 v ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬
K400 Hz200 v/115 v 60 Hz208 v/120 v
144
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪٢{٤‬‬
‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E1-5F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪S2‬‬
‫א‬ ‫‪S1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪S2 S1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫‪S1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E2-5F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪S1‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Vs‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬
‫‪0-T/2‬‬ ‫‪T/2 -T‬‬

‫א א‬ ‫‪WE1-5F‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪S1‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪S2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪S1‬‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪145‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E2-5F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪T‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫'‪'f‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1-5‬‬

‫‪T‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪S1 S2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪WE2-5F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪146‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪KS2‬‬ ‫‪S1‬‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫' ‪'filter‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫אא‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪KPWM‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪147‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
Voltage Source Inverter (VSI)

٣{٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ، ،
‫א‬ ١{٣{٤
Single-Phase Half-Bridge Inverter(VSI)

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ( ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ )3-5
‫א א‬ Vs ‫א‬ S2 S1
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
(MOSFET) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
. ‫א‬KKK (Thyristors) ‫א‬
148
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Case of a Resistive load R‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪١{١{٣{٤‬‬
‫)‪(3-5‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪S2 S1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪S1‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪t T⁄2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪Vs‬‬
‫‪. i1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪S1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪T⁄2 t T‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪S1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪t =T/2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪S1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪i‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪(-Vs) i‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪R‬‬
‫א‬ ‫‪E4-5F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪i‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫)‪(1/T‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪. Vs‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E3-5F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪149‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E4 J٥F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪150‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٢{١{٣{٤‬‬
‫‪io‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪VO‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א ‪ ،‬א א‬ ‫‪E5-5F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪ ،‬א‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫‪Vo‬‬ ‫א‪0‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪⁄‬‬
‫‪T2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K D1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪S1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪ ،‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫א‪0‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Vs‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪D1‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‪،‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪⁄‬‬

‫‪T2‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪S1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪⁄‬‬ ‫‪S1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪t T2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪T⁄2‬‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪S1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪t T/2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪S1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Vs‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪T/2‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪D2‬‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪D2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬

‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪T‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪S2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪T‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.T‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫‪151‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E5-5F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪i‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ii‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E5-5F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪i‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪t T⁄2‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪. T/2‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪T‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪152‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪WE5-5F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪153‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬
‫‪٥-٢‬‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫‪WV‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E3-5F‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪:‬‬
‫‪v t‬‬ ‫‪sin nωt‬‬ ‫‪3-5‬‬

‫‪,,‬‬
‫‪red/s‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ω‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪n n=1‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪0.9 V‬‬ ‫‪4-5‬‬
‫‪√2‬‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪5-5‬‬
‫‪154‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W 1-5
'R' E 3-5 F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W .24 v'Vs' 2.4 Ω Vo(rms) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Ka

Io(rms) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Kb
V1(rms) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ Kc ?Po" ‫א‬
Kd
W ‫א‬
E2-5F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ W
V V 24 v
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
I
24
10 A
2.4
E4-5F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ W
V 0.9 V 0.9 24 21.6 v
W ‫א‬
P V 24 240 W
R 2.4
155
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Single -Phase Bridge Inverter‬‬

‫א‪٢{٣{٤‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪١{٢{٣{٥‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א א א א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪E6-5F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪SS‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪SS‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪SSSS‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪SS‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪KT/2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫يدام لمح عم‬ ‫‪WE6-5F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪SS‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪t T⁄2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪SS‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪156‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫'‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫'‪'VO‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪S S‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪SS‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪SS‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪'VS‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪T/2‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪T‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪S S‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א ‪JVO،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪E 7-5F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪VS‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪fo‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪1⁄TT‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W E7-5F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪157‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E2-5F‬‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫)‪(n=1‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E4-5F‬‬ ‫‪E3-5F‬‬
‫‪158‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W E2-5F‬‬
‫'‪'R‬‬ ‫‪E6-5F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪48 v‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫‪2.4 Ω‬‬
‫‪KV‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Ka‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ Kb‬א‬
‫‪KV‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Kc KP‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Kd‬‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E1-5F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪E2-5F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪48 v‬‬

‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬ ‫‪20 A‬‬

‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪2.4‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪E4-5F‬‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪0.9‬‬ ‫‪V 0.9‬‬ ‫‪48 43.2 v‬‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬ ‫‪960 W‬‬

‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪2.4‬‬
‫‪159‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪24 v‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E2-5F‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫)‪v K(2-5‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪( R – L) Load case.‬‬ ‫‪٢{٢{٣{٥‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫)‪(R -L‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E8-5F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E6-5F‬‬

‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫'‪' Vo‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E9-5F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪(R-LF‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א א א א א‬ ‫‪ES1 . S2 . S3 . S4F‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪io‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫'‪'Is‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪( D1 . D2 . D3 . D4 ) W‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W E8-5F‬‬

‫א‬
‫‪160‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪Vo‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E9-5F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪io‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪< t < t1F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪S1 S 4‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪t1‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪KEt = T /2F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪( t =t1F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫)‪(0 < t < t1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫'‪' Vs‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪D1 D4‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫‪S4 S1‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫)‪(t1< t < T/2‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬א‬ ‫<‪( <t‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Vo‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪io‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫)‪K T/2‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪( t=t1F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪t = T /2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪S1 S4‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Vs‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪D2 D3‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א א‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫)‪(T/2 < t < t2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫)‪(Vo= -Vs‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪io‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫)‪(t = t2‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪S3 S2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪T/2 < t < t2 io‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪S3 S2‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪< t < T t2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪Vs‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪S2 S3‬‬ ‫א‬
‫)‪K(Vo = -Vs‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪161‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪ t=T‬و‪t=0‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Imin‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Imin‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫) ‪(t=T/2‬‬
‫)‪(t=3T/2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Imax‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫א‬
‫א א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W E9-5F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪162‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א ‪ ،‬א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪KE2-5F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪V e‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪0 t‬‬

‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪-5‬‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪⁄‬‬
‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬ ‫‪t T‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬
‫‪W‬‬
‫)‪EL/R‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬

‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪: Imin K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪: Imax‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪٧-5‬‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪⁄‬‬
‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪-5‬‬
‫‪⁄‬‬
‫‪163‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W 3-5
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ )8-5( ‫א‬ ١٠ K100V L = 25mH ‫א‬
K 60، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Hz ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ MATLAB ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ L

W ‫א‬
W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
T 1 1 0.0167 s
f 60
τ L 0.025 0.0025 s
R 10
∴ 0.0167 3.34
2 2 0.0025
W E 8-5 F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
.
I I 9.31 A
.
W E 6-5 F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
t 9.31 e ⁄.
⁄.
10 19.31e 0 t 0.0083s
.
t 9.31 .
e .
10 19.31e 0.0083 t 0.0167s

.
164
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
Three- hase Bridge Inverter

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ٣{٣{٥
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ، ‫א‬
o o
‫א‬ K E10-5F ‫א‬ K (1 1-5) 180 ‫א‬ 180
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E 1 0-5F ‫א‬
165
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪E11-5F‬‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬
‫‪166‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Inverter Voltage Control Techniques‬‬ ‫‪٤{٤‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K١‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٢ K‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٣‬‬

‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪،‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪PWM‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪167‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
Pulse – Width Modulation PWM

‫א‬ ١{٤{٤
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Single Pulse – Width Modulation W ‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬
Multiple Pulse-Width Modulation
‫א‬
Sinusoidal Pulse-Width Modulation
١{١{٤{٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E12-5F ‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E S2 S1F ‫א‬ E6-5F ‫א‬ ‫א‬
KAc Ar ‫א‬ E ‫א‬ ‫א‬ F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

O
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Ac ‫א‬ Ar ‫א‬ Ac Ar K 180
‫א‬
W ‫אא‬ "Modulation Index''
M ٩ -5
W ‫א‬ 'Vo' ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
V V ١٠-5
168
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪:M‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪:Vo‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪: Ar K‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪WAC K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪:δ‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E12-5F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪S2 S1‬‬
‫‪169‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٢{١{٤{٤‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪ ،‬אא‬ ‫‪fo‬‬
‫‪Kfc‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪E13-5F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬

‫‪2f‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪11-5‬‬
‫‪W‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪WP K‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W fc K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W fo K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬

‫‪mf‬‬
‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪KM‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Vs‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪١،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪πLP W‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪V V‬‬ ‫‪12-5‬‬
‫‪170‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪WE13-5F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪٣{١{٤{٤‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪S ،S‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪E14-5F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Kfc fo‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E14-5F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Vo‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪171‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪S S‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫)‪E14-5‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪V V‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬
‫‪W‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪WPKm‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪WVs‬‬
‫‪172‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫؟‬
‫‪K١‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؟ א‬
‫‪K٢‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫؟ א‬
‫‪K٣‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٤‬‬
‫א א א א א‬ ‫؟ א א א‬
‫‪K٥‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؟‬
‫‪K٦‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K٧‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٨‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؟‬
‫‪K٩‬‬
‫□‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪E×F‬‬ ‫‪EF K١٠‬‬
‫א א‬ ‫‪Ka‬‬
‫‪□ K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Kb‬‬
‫□‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Kc‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؟‬ ‫א‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ١١‬؟‬
‫א‬ ‫א‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ١٢‬؟‬ ‫‪K١٣‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؟‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ١٤‬؟‬
‫‪٢٢٠‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K١٥ W‬‬ ‫‪K٢٠Ω‬‬
‫?‪?Vo‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪Ka ?V‬‬ ‫‪?١‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Kb K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪Kc‬‬
‫‪173‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K١٦ ?R? E٨ J٥F‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K١٧‬‬ ‫‪?Vs? L=٥٠mH‬‬ ‫א ‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪Ω‬‬ ‫‪٦٠ ،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Hz‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪K١١٠V‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪174‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪175‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א א א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫بردتمال فرعتي نأ‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪K‬‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫‪K‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪K‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪176‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬
‫‪UPS‬‬ ‫‪ ،Uninterruptable Power Supply‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪UPS‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪UPS‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪،‬‬
‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪UPS‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E200 VA‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪F‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪UPS K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K١ K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K٢‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٣‬‬

‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٤‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٥‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪٦.‬‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪177‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪١{٦‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E١ J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫)‪K (F ilter‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫)‪(Inverter‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫)‪(Battery‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫)‪(Re ctifier‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E1-6F‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫‪Rectifier‬‬ ‫א ‪١{١{٦‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪K‬‬

‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E٢ J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪178‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ E2-6F‬א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E٣ J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫אא‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E٣ J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E٤ J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬

‫א‬ ‫‪ ،‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬אא‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪179‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E4-6F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪180‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪WBattery‬‬ ‫א ‪٢{١{٦‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫”‪K“Sealed, Valve‐regulated Lead‐acid‬‬

‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E٥ J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Sealed lead-acid batteryE٥ J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪J‬‬ ‫”‪“Volt‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪J‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‐‪K“Amp‬‬
‫‪Hour” K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E١F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪181‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪J‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪1A‬‬ ‫‪12 V‬‬ ‫‪12 V‬‬ ‫‪20Ah‬‬

‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪20 A‬‬ ‫‪12 V‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א ‪5‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Ah‬‬ ‫‪20 Ah‬‬

‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪(Short‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪‬א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪Circuit) .‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪182‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪١{٢{١{٦‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫א א‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪J‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪KE‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬
‫אא‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪ K1‬א‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪ ٢‬א‪ K‬א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‪ K‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪183‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪WIUI‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪٤.‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Inverter‬‬ ‫א‪٣{١{٦‬‬
‫א א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪١{٣{١{٦‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E٦ J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E١F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪WE١F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E ٧ J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪E ٦ J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪184‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
S1 O FF ON OFF ON O FF
S2 O FF ON OFF ON O FF
S3 O FF OFF ON OFF ON
S4 O FF OFF ON OFF ON
Load Volta e Ze ro + Vd - Vd + Vd - Vd
‫א‬ ‫א‬ E١F ‫א‬
E١F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E ٧ J٦F ‫א‬
‫א‬ E٨ J٦F ‫א‬ E ٢F
S1 O FF ON ON ON OFF OFF OF F ON ON ON
S2 O FF ON ON OF F OFF OFF O N ON ON O FF
S3 O FF OFF OFF O N ON ON OF F OFF OFF ON
S4 O FF OFF OFF OF F ON ON O N OFF OFF O FF
Load V oltage Zero + Vd + Vd Zero - Vd - Vd Ze ro + Vd + Vd Z ero
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E2F ‫א‬
185
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪E٢F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E٨ J٧F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E٨ J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E٧ J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪KE٩ J ٦F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Tr4‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪Tr1‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Tr3 ، Tr2‬‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E٩ J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪186‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪Pulse Width‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫‪J١٠ J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E١٠ J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Modulation‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E٢F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫‪E٤F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E٣F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E J١٠ J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪KE١١ J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫)أ(‬
‫)ب(‬
‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E ١٠ J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E ١١ J٦F‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K E١٢ J٦F‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪187‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א ‪١٢‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪J‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬
‫‪188‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪٢{٦‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Single‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Double Conversion‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪Conversion W‬‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א ‪١{٢{٦‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪Critical Load‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫عاونأ ةثالث ىإل هرودب عونال اذھ مسقنيو;‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א ‪ :‬ةفلتخم‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Stand By (Off lineF‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪١{١{٢{٦‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪١‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E J١٣‬‬
‫‪J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.E‬‬ ‫‪J١٣ J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪EF‬‬

‫‪189‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪EF‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E١٣ J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Ferro Resonant Standby‬‬ ‫‪٢{١{٢{٦‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪KE١٤ J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Ferro‬‬
‫‪resonant‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪EF‬‬
‫‪190‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪EF‬‬

‫‪E‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E١٤ J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Line Interactive‬‬ ‫א ‪٣{١{٢{٦‬‬
‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫‪J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪KE١٥ J٦F‬‬
‫א‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫‪J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪ ،‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫‪J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫‪J٦F‬‬
‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪191‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪EF‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪EF‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E F‬‬
‫‪192‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪EF‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫א‪J‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬
‫‪193‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Double‐Conversion On line UPS‬‬ ‫א ‪٢{٢{٦‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫אא‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫–‬ ‫‪F‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E١٦ J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א–‬
‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫‪KE‬‬ ‫א‬‫‪F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E١٦ J٦F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪194‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؟‬ ‫‪K١‬‬

‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٢‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٣‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؟‬ ‫‪K٤‬‬
‫א א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؟‬ ‫‪K٥‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫‪K٦‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫‪K٧‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٨‬‬

‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K٩‬‬
‫‪195‬‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬
Ashfaq Ahmed Power Electronic for Technology, Prentice

Hall,1999
M. H. Rashid Power Electronic: Circuit, Devices, and
Applications, Prentice-Hall 2004.
David A Bradley Power Electronics, Nelson Thornes ,1995
Ned Mohan Tore M Power Electronics Converters, Applicatin
and Design ,John Wiley, 1995
M. H. Rashid Spice For Power Electronics And Electric
Hasan M. Rashid Power , Second Edition ,2006
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‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫?‬ ‫?‬ ‫‪J‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫?‬

‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫אא‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؛‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫‪١{١‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪١٦‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪١٦‬‬ ‫א ‪1.2.1‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪١٩‬‬ ‫א א‪1.2.1.2‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪٢١‬‬ ‫א א ‪1.3‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪٢٢‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א א ‪1.3.1‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪٣٧‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.I‬‬

‫‪٥١‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪٥٥‬‬ ‫‪١{١{٢‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪٥٩‬‬ ‫‪٣{١{٢‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪٦١‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪F‬א‬ ‫‪٤{١{٢‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪٦٣‬‬ ‫‪٥{١{٢‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪٧٠‬‬ ‫‪١{٢{٢‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪٧٠‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.I‬‬

‫‪٨٢‬‬ ‫‪٣{٢{٢‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪٨٦‬‬ ‫א ‪٤{٢{٢‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪٨٧‬‬ ‫‪٥{٢{٢‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪٩٢‬‬ ‫‪٦{٢{٢‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪٩٥‬‬ ‫‪٧{٢{٢‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪٩٧‬‬ ‫‪٨{٢{٢‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪١٠١‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪١٠٥‬‬ ‫א ‪١{٣‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪١٠٦‬‬ ‫א א ‪١{١{٣‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪١٠٨‬‬ ‫א ‪٢{١{٣‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪١١١‬‬ ‫א א ‪٣{١{٣‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬

‫‪١١٢‬‬ ‫‪٢{٣‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪١١٢‬‬ ‫‪١{٢{٣‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪١١٥‬‬ ‫‪٢{٢{٣‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪١١٨‬‬ ‫א ‪٣{٢{٣‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪١١٩‬‬ ‫א‪١{٣{٢{٣‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪١٢٤‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪١٢٧‬‬ ‫‪١{٤‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪١٢٨‬‬ ‫א ‪١{١{٤‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪١٣١‬‬ ‫א ‪٢{١{٤‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪١٣٣‬‬ ‫‪٢{٤‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪١٣٦‬‬ ‫א‪١{٣{٤‬‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪١٤١‬‬

‫א‬ ‫‪٥{٣‬‬ ‫‪١٤٨‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٥{٣{٢{١‬‬ ‫‪١٦٠‬‬

‫א‬ ‫‪ ٥{٣{٢{٢‬א‬ ‫‪١٦٥‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٥{٣{٣‬‬ ‫‪١٦٧‬‬

‫א‬ ‫‪٥{٤{١{٣‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٥{٤{١{٢‬‬ ‫‪١٧١‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪١٧٣‬‬

‫‪١٧٨‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٦{١{١‬‬

‫‪١٨١‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٦{١{٢‬‬

‫‪١٨٣‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٦{١{٢{١‬‬

‫‪١٨٤‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٦{١{٣‬‬

‫‪١٨٤‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٦{١{٣{١‬‬

‫‪١٨٩‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٦{٢‬‬

‫‪١٨٩‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٦{٢{١‬‬

‫‪١٨٩‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ٦{٢{١{١‬א‬

‫‪١٩٠‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٦{٢{١{٢‬‬

‫‪١٩١‬‬ ‫א‪K‬‬ ‫‪٦{٢{١{٣‬‬

‫‪١٩٤‬‬ ‫א‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪٦{٢{٢‬‬

‫‪١٩٥‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬