LIVED EXPERIENCES OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH

REGARD TO IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL

A Qualitative Research Study

Presented to the Faculty of Senior High School Program
Basic Education Department

Alfonso Diego P. Villamil

Jeffrey Chang S. Macaraya
Jeremy N. Villarba
Jessa Mae I. Salpocial
Sha-artme Lazaro
By

March2020
 i

LIVED EXPERIENCES OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH

REGARD TO IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL

________________________________

A Qualitative Research Study

Presented to the Faculty of Senior High School Program
Basic Education Department
________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the
Humanities and Social Sciences Strand

EDUARDO M. TEJEROS III

Presented to

Alfonso Diego P. Villamil

Jeffrey Chang S. Macaraya
Jeremy N. Villarba
Jessa Mae I. Salpocial
Sha-artme Lazaro
Presented by

March2020
 ii

APPROVAL SHEET

This Quantitative Research Study entitled “LIVED EXPERIENCES OF

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH REGARD TO IMPROPER WASTE
DISPOSAL” prepared and submitted by Alfonso Diego P. Villamil, Jeffrey
Chang S. Macaraya, Jeremy N. Villarba, Jessa Mae I. Salpocial, Sha-artme
Lazaro, in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Practical Research 1, has
been examined and is recommended for oral examination, acceptance and
approval.

Eduardo M. Tejeros III

Teacher

PANEL EXAMINERS

Accepted and approved, after the presentation of the study with a grade of
PASSED.

Reynilda D. Perez, MaEd

Chairperson

Hansom J. Senedo Elda Evelyn L. Yu

Member Member

Accepted and approved as partial fulfillment of the requirements for

Humanities and Social Sciences Strand, Senior High School Program.

Salvacion R. Echavez , EdD Reynaldo P. Eliseo

Senior High Coordinator School Principal-OIC
 ii

APPROVAL SHEET

This Quantitative Research Study entitled “LIVED EXPERIENCES OF

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH REGARD TO IMPROPER WASTE
DISPOSAL” prepared and submitted by Alfonso Diego P. Villamil, Jeffrey
Chang S. Macaraya, Jeremy N. Villarba, Jessa Mae I. Salpocial, Sha-artme
Lazaro, in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Practical Research 1, has
been examined and is recommended for oral examination, acceptance and
approval.

Eduardo M. Tejeros III

Teacher

PANEL EXAMINERS

Accepted and approved, after the presentation of the study with a grade of
PASSED.

Reynilda D. Perez, MaEd

Chairperson

Hansom J. Senedo Elda Evelyn L. Yu

Member Member

Accepted and approved as partial fulfillment of the requirements for

Humanities and Social Sciences Strand, Senior High School Program.

Salvacion R. Echavez , EdD Reynaldo P. Eliseo

Senior High Coordinator School Principal-OIC
 iii

Acknowledgement

The researchers would like to extend their deep sincerest gratitude to all
the people who helped there in any manner, who have shared the effort and
knowledge in order to make this research a reality. Whatever has been
accomplished and whatever has been the product of every and endeavour, there
is a great source off all the effort, striving, guidance and gracious blessings
without whom is this task would have been accomplished.
To Jesus Christ, our Lord and Saviour, for giving the wisdom, strength,
support and knowledge in exploring things, for the guidance in helping surpass
all the trials that we encountered and for giving determination to pursue our
research, and to make this study possible.
We would like to express our sincere appreciation to our research adviser,
Mr. Eduard A. Tejeros lll, for the continuous support to our study and research,
for his patience, motivation, enthusiasm and immense knowledge. His guidance
helps us all the time of research and writing of this study. We would not imagine
having a better advisor and mentor for our research study.
We would like to give our deepest gratitude to our panellist’s Mrs.
Reynilda Perez, MaEd, Mr. Hansom J. Senedo, and Mrs. Elda Evelyn Yu who
are the key person in the realisation of this study. The researchers truly salute to
their expertise surmount what seem to be an uphill task. Thank you for the time,
suggestion and encouragement. Allowing us to get the necessary information we
need to male this study possible.
We would like to thank also to our grammarian *NAME*, that have
checked the grammar and the spelling and gave some suggestions to the study.
To our validators Ms. Jenecell Sahidsahid, Mr. Niño Helorentino, and Ms.
(NAME) we are very thankful for validating our research questionnaire for us to
be able to gather the needed data.
To our beloved OIC-principal, Mr. Reynaldo P. Eliseo, we would like to
thank for your ever-loving continuous support and for approving to conduct a
study in you institution.
To the researchers loving parents, for their moral encouragement,
financial assistance as well as their spiritual support in every path the
researchers take.
This study become a reality with the kind support and help of many
individuals. We would like to extend our sincere thanks to all of them.
iv
 v

DECLARATION

We certify that the substance of this Qualitative Research Study has not been

submitted for any program and is not currently being submitted for any other

degree.

We certify that to the best of my knowledge, any help received in preparing this

paper and all sources used, have been acknowledged in this Qualitative

Research Study.

Alfonso Diego P. Villamil

Jeffrey Chang S. Macaraya

Jeremy N. Villarba

Jessa Mae I. Salpocial

Sha-artme Lazaro
 v

Abstrat
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page..................................................................................................................i
Approval Sheet..........................................................................................................ii
Acknowledgement.....................................................................................................iii
Declaration of Originality...........................................................................................iv
Abstract.....................................................................................................................v
Chapter Page
1. The Problem and Its Scope
The Problem...................................................................................................1
Purpose of the Study......................................................................................3
Statement of the Problem..............................................................................4
Review Related Literature..............................................................................5
Theoretical Lens.............................................................................................16
2. Method
Research Design............................................................................................21
Research Locale............................................................................................22
Participants and Sampling.............................................................................
........................................................................................................................

Ethical Consideration.....................................................................................23
Role of the Researchers................................................................................24
Research Tool................................................................................................
Data Collection...............................................................................................25
Data Analysis.................................................................................................26
Trustworthy of the Study................................................................................28
3. Results and Discussion...............................................................................
4. Summary, Conclusion, Recommendation.................................................

References.........................................................................................................
 Appendices
A – Letter Addressed to the Principal.................................................
B – Letter Addressed to the Participants............................................
C – Consent Form...............................................................................
D – Validation Sheets of Experts as to Construct Validity of Interview
Guide Questions..................................................................................
E – Interview Guide Questions...........................................................
F – Interview Transcriptions................................................................
G – Research Locale..........................................................................
Curriculum Vitae.....................................................................................................
 CHAPTER 1

The Problem

Solid Waste Management is a term that is used to refer to the process of

collecting and treating solid waste. It also offers solutions for recycling items that do not

belong to garbage or trash. Solid Waste Management plays a big part in the hostile

consequences affecting the rise of human knowledge in improper Solid Waste

Management. Solid waste management is all about how solid waste can be changed

and used as a valuable resource. Solid waste management should be embraced by

each and every International, national and local including the business owners across

the world. It is important to know the root causes of this phenomenon of why students

practice improper solid waste management.

Pollution and Health risks generated by improper solid waste management are

important issues concerning environmental management in developing countries. The

improper solid waste disposal is critical for public health, and is especially true during an

emergency. If solid waste is not dealt with quickly, serious health risks will develop,

which lead to demoralize the community already. “Strengthen the policies and the

guidelines in imposing the proper segregation of garbage, including the solid and the

liquid garbage “As stated by World Health Organization (WHO). National Legislation in

Environmental Conservation Rules states that “Promote proper segregation of waste as

guided by World Health Organization (WHO), including promotional activities and

behavioral awareness dealing with the risk.

 2

A study conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) found out that the

total amount of waste by the different local areas, about 85% is general non-hazardous

waste that might includes paper, wood, plastic, glass, metals and etc. as well as other

materials generated by industrial, commercial, agricultural and residential sources. The

remaining 15% is considered hazardous material that may be infectious, toxic or

radioactive. According to Chatterjee (2010), there are also many cases in improper

waste management that was practice by the different people as young as 18 years old

are already practiced improper waste management. About fourty-percent (40%) of the

respondents in the survey have continued the habit of improper waste management

while thirty-eight (38%) said they only throw garbage in improper area or garbage bin

because they don’t know. Most of these people are not aware of the repercussion that

they are doing.

Thomas (2008) conducted a survey on the improper waste management in

Manila city and revealed that fifty-seven (57%) percent of the Manileno who practice

improper waste management while fourty-seven (47%) percent of them has the lack of

knowledge about the imposing of proper solid waste management. The result of the

study showed that most of the people practice improper waste disposal.

Overall, there is no strict policies that are implemented in every institution or even

in the international and local area. Therefore, many researchers seen a point of

examining variety of reasons associated with the various underage consumptions and

explore the factors that shape the students in improper waste management. However,

there is still a gap in these literatures and studies such as examining the other reasons
 3

that are linked in the social, theories on the improper solid waste management by the

senior high school student.

This study is limited to the Senior High School (SHS) students of the Holy Cross

of Davao College Basic education Department located at SOS Drive, Bajada. Davao

City currently enrolled in the school year 2019-2020. This program will use to examine

the lived experiences of senior high school students with regard to improper waste

disposal.

Purpose of the Study

The purpose of this will have the phenomenological approach is to understand

and discover the reasons of the improper solid waste management is Holy Cross of

Davao College Basic Education Department because of the rapid throwing of trashes

everywhere that may result to in having a bad image in the campus and may destroy

the health of the other students. At this stage in the research will be generally defined

as a big problem in our school because like the other places around the globe they also

experienced improper waste management that causes to the school and to the students

a negative outcome. Solid waste is a consequence of the day to day activity of human

kind, needs to be managed properly. Like the other places in the world faces problems

associated with poorly managed solid waste operation.

The most important reason for waste collection is the protection of the

environment and the health of the population. Waste can cause air and water pollution

that may destroy the health of everyone. There are also some waste that are hazardous

like batteries that need to be treated differently for disposal. In a nutshell, waste
 4

management is extremely important to minimize huge accumulation of waste that may

cause health hazards and at the same time, use them productively to create new useful

products. Proper safety measure and waste disposal methods make a cleaner, safer

world with less diseases and lower potential harm to both humans particularly the

students and the staffs in the Holy Cross of Davao College Basic Education Department

along the journey in attaining the good or the proper solid waste management we can

achieve the eco environmental school that is mandated by the department of education.

Proper solid waste disposal also will the staff in our institutions because they can easily

segregate the trashes in our school. Irresponsible disposal of waste or not considering

the convenience of the other people or the environment is punishable act. Removing or

putting the waste in the proper areas helps reduce risks to overall health, decreases

exposure to biohazards and reduces bad things in the society.

Research Objectives

This study aimed to discover the reasons of performing improper waste disposal

among Senior High School students in HCDC.

Specifically, this study will seek to answer the following objectives:

1. To explore the experiences of the senior high school students with regard to

improper waste disposal.

2. To identify the insights in performing waste disposal of students

 5

Literature Review

Improper management of solid waste is one of the main causes of pollution and

degradation of the environment in municipalities and cities, particularly in the third world.

Many of these cities have not implemented policies on solid waste and appropriate

waste management strategies, including hazardous waste. The hazardous waste due to

its characteristics can have several serious health consequences for residents (UNEP,

2008).

Jafari (2010), stated that lack of knowledge is one of the experiences that the

people who practice improper waste disposal according by the local authorities, the

waste generation rate is estimated to be 800 gaps. That local authorities is responsible

for waste collection, since the school is under the supervision of the barangay and the

municipalities. The presence of the garbage in the different area is caused by the

people who don’t have enough knowledge that was also proven by Reinhart (2013).

Patwary (2011) stated that soil pollution has become an important environmental

concern in developing countries due to changes in land use patterns (urbanization,

industrialization, infrastructure development, hazardous waste disposal as

contaminants) over the last few decades. It was supported by O'Hare (2011) that

different methods of waste disposal has gradual effect on the environment since it won't

be enough to reduce the risk of garbage disposal.

The environmental protection has achieved most noteworthy significance in this

period all around yet the acts of essential ideas squander transfer are frequently
 6

dismissed. Individuals around the world know about the effect of ill-advised waste

transfer rehearses, however the negative disposition of execution offers ascend to

riotous circumstances. The study’s examination was led to acquire benchmark data

about waste administration rehearses among younger students in Kerala. This study is

a cross sectional examination and was directed utilizing a very much structured and

approved survey. Out of one thousand understudies of a secondary school and higher

optional school from Thrissur City in Kerala, 300 were arbitrarily chosen. The

information examined utilizing understudy t-test appeared, secondary school

understudies are more mindful about family unit squander the executives than the

higher auxiliary school understudies. It is obvious from this examination that there is

noteworthy distinction among mindfulness and practice. This study’s investigation

uncovers the need of giving mass attention to the effect of waste transfer rehearses

from the earliest starting point of school training. The study submitted a natural

instruction that will instill a legitimate and fitting ecological culture in the understudies.

As the investigation uncovered consciousness of e-squander transfer is missing there is

an earnest need to redress this hole in information and practice (Licy, Raghavan,

Saritha, Anies and Josphina, 2013).

Medicinal waste management is a significant worry for social insurance offices.

One significant component is the isolation of irresistible waste from household, non-

irresistible waste. The point of study’s subjective examination was to distinguish factors

that adversely influence appropriate isolation at Nemazee Emergency clinic, which is

partnered with Shiraz College of Therapeutic Sciences. Study information originated

from center gatherings including medical clinic laborers. Members communicated their
 7

assessments with respect to hindrances to appropriate isolation of therapeutic

squanders. The members gave their authorization to have their remarks recorded.

Information examinations depended on a grounded hypothesis approach. The

outcomes demonstrated that administrative shortcoming was a significant factor in

imperfect transfer of restorative waste. Apparently clinic specialists should give better

consideration to instructive arranging, hierarchical assets and supervision. Together,

these contemplations should help diminish squander the board blunders. The outcomes

likewise propose that social insurance specialist preparing needs improvement. By and

large, patients and their colleagues, just as the neighborhood populace, didn't seem to

have adequate information concerning transfer of irresistible medicinal waste. This

examination reasoned that the Emergency clinic specialists should direct an expansive

audit of therapeutic waste administration, including improved representative preparing.

This progression should positively affect nearby wellbeing, just as nature. Improvement

is additionally required in the disease counteractive action execution of clinic human

services laborers. This methodology ought to lessen extra generation of irresistible

waste and expenses related with medicinal services.

The essential data for choosing and structuring the most effective treatment

technique for emergency clinic squander is acquired by methods for squander

arrangement examination. Hence, the point of this examination was to assess the

physical and basic organization of waste in four medical clinics in Sivas, Turkey. The

outcomes should assist us with choosing and structure appropriate waste transfer.

During the examination time frame it was evaluated that the everyday squander age

pace of four emergency clinics was 985 kg/day, anticipated to be 1267 kg/day in 2015.
 8

Moreover, examination demonstrated that the dampness substance of squanders was

14, 2 %. The four emergency clinic squanders comprise of 92% burnable squanders

and 8% noncombustible squanders by mass. The ignitable squanders establish paper

(16%), materials (10, 2%), cardboard (4%), plastics (41, 2%) and nourishment squander

(17%). Since the proportion of flammable waste is high, the cremation strategy has

been proposed as a legitimate transfer technique.

Urbanization and populace development are exclusively liable for high expanding

pace of strong waste and its appropriate administration is a significant issue of City

Partnership. In this investigation, the sources and parts of strong waste were

recognized; type and the amount of strong waste arranged, techniques for strong waste

transfer and effect of ill-advised waste administration on wellbeing were featured. The

outcome shows that excreta and other fluid and strong waste from family units and the

network, are a genuine wellbeing peril and lead to the spread of irresistible infections.

The increasing awareness of environmental impacts from construction wastes

has led to the development of waste management as an important function of

construction project management. Various approaches for managing construction

wastes have been developed in the existing research works and practices, and these

works can be grouped largely into three areas: waste classification, waste management

strategies (avoiding waste, reducing waste, reusing waste, and recycling waste), and

waste disposal technologies. Nevertheless, these approaches give less attention to the

management of the waste handling process on construction sites. In fact, construction

wastes pass through a number of processes from generation to final disposal, and

proper flow of these processes can improve waste management effectiveness. This
 9

paper examines the waste handling process during construction through mapping six

cases selected in Hong Kong construction, with the assistance of the free-flow mapping

presentation technique. The examination leads to developing a waste management

mapping model (WMMM), which incorporates the good operations embodied in the

existing practices. The WMMM provides an alternative tool assisting in planning waste

management procedures on construction sites. It can serve as a vehicle for comparing

the waste management practices between construction sites, thus both good practices

and weak areas can be identified (Shen, 2010).

Bio-medical waste management rules were formulated in response to the

worldwide public concern over medical waste. The practice of separation into different

types of waste in health care institutes should be evaluated more scientifically. Due to a

lack of data from the Indian sub-continent, this study was initiated at a tertiary care

hospital. Samples were collected from different types of waste at the hospital, at

different time intervals, for microbiological evaluation. The results reveal that the

microbial flora isolated from infectious waste and general waste from the hospital is

similar. The samples from general waste in this study reveal many types of pathogens.

The bacteria present in the waste initially was low in quantity, but they replicated rapidly

over time so that significant numbers were detected by 24 hours, due to environmental

factors which were favorable for growth during this period. This study strongly suggests

that waste should be removed from the hospital within 24 hours of its generation to

prevent environmental contamination caused by any accidental spillage of waste.

General waste generated in the hospital should be treated similar to infectious waste, as
 10

it can be equally hazardous. Waste, whether these emissions contain microorganisms

or toxic substances (Saini, 2009).

Proper management of biomedical waste is a crucial issue for maintaining human

health and the environment. The waste generated in the hospitals has the potential for

spreading infections and causing diseases. The study was conducted by visiting a

nearby hospital in order to get acquainted with the generation of the biomedical waste

and their disposal strategies. The study includes an assortment of details about the

quantity of different types of waste generated, their handling, treatment, final disposal

and various management strategies adopted by the hospital. The survey was conducted

by asking various questions regarding the issue by the waste management team and

the workers involved in managing the waste (Arora, 2015).

Ballados 2010 stated that lack of knowledge and discipline of discipline of the

people in this societal problem According to Dr Kumar, the major problems affecting

solid waste management are unscientific treatment, improper collection of waste, and

ethical problems. This in turn leads to hazards like environmental degradation, water

pollution, soil pollution, and air pollution. And it was supported by Sharholy, M., Ahmad,

K., Mahmood, G., & Trivedi, R. C. (2008) that lack of knowledge and discipline is the

root in this problem occurs when either of them becomes contaminated with hazardous

materials. Not only does this contribute to the creation of a greenhouse gas effects but

also causes significant harm to marine and wildlife. Because even the smallest pieces

of garbage can be dangerous to our environment that was also stated by Hoornweg, D.,

& Bhada-Tata, P. (2012).

 11

Yong, Z., Gang, X., Guanxing. (2009). Stated that waste management is of great

importance due to its infectious and hazardous nature that can cause undesirable

effects on humans and the environment. And it was supported by Demirbas, Ayhan

(2011) the most common sources of wastes are as follows: domestic wastes,

commercial wastes, ashes, animal wastes, biomedical wastes, construction wastes,

industrial solid wastes, sewer, biodegradable wastes, non-biodegradable wastes, and

hazardous wastes.

Studies have shown that school students in general have poor waste

management practices all over the world and a number of papers have investigated the

link between poor waste management practice and aspects such as awareness, attitude

and knowledge (Madanay and Bugahoos, 1998; Jensen, 2002; Ehrampoush and

Maghadam, 2005; Ssenyondo et al 2008; Desa et al 2010). In most cases these studies

found direct correlations between poor waste management practices and a lack of

environmental knowledge and awareness. They also highlighted that a more active and

focussed approach is required to put all the philosophy from environmental studies into

good practice towards sustainable development. If word is not put to deed all research

efforts will be pointless and poor waste management will be a consistent problem of the

future human race. This focussed approach to turn philosophy from environmental

studies into good practice towards sustainable development is also critical for South

Africa. However to enable this focussed approach the significant gap in lack of research

studies on the understanding of school students awareness, knowledge and practice of

waste management in South Africa will have to be closed. South Africa will have to

embrace the contribution of the countries youth in the effort of achieving sustainable
 12

development. Fundamentals in the understanding of children’s awareness, knowledge

and practice in waste management can contribute to improved waste management,

improved education and evidently to a more sustainable future.

Children or young adults are often instrumental in bringing about change in

society. Research through the years has shown that among children and their parents,

the children can be effective advocates in changing their parents’ lifestyles and this

process create a positive or negative influence with regards to environmental matters

(Kiev Declaration, 2003; Ballantyne et al , 2006; Lui and Kaplan; 2006; Rickenson and

Lundholm; 2008). In the real world, however, children are often not included in the

critical decisions that are made in their communities where they live. This was also

found to be the case in the review of the South African legislative mandate in waste

management. There is little reference to children or the youth as a direct protagonist of

effective waste management in South Africa. Although education advocacy and

awareness is implied in the IWMS strategy it is only stated in a broad manner and the

direct inclusion and the active role children can play is not addressed. (NWMS,

2010:118). The Integrated Metropolitan Environmental Policy of Cape Town (IMEP)

(IMEP, 2001) provides a further strategic basis for Environmental Awareness, Education

and Training Strategy. IMEP envisions a city in which there “will be a positive

relationship between local government and civil society, Environmental Awareness,

Education and Training Strategies to ensure people will be environmentally educated,

aware and conscious. Also to support education that enhances the understanding of the

environment,
 13

The main threat to the surface water quality in Addis Ababa is environmental

pollution derived from domestic and industrial activities. Due to the inadequacy of

controlled waste management strategies and waste treatment plants, people are forced

to discharge wastes both on open surface and within water bodies. Uncontrolled

(improper) waste disposal has deteriorated the quality of surface water (streams, rivers,

reservoirs) by changing the chemical, physical and organoleptic properties of water.

Chemical analyses of surface and shallow groundwater samples taken at various points

along streams and different springs show that the level of unwanted chemical

constituents such as nitrate and chromium, for example, are higher than the background

level. Among the main causes are poor economy and lack of proper waste disposal

systems that lead the residents to dump wastes illegally within the water bodies.

Important measures to alleviate the problem are to develop the environmental

awareness of the residents, proper control on industries, establishment of a widespread

waste collection system and improved landfill technology (Alemayehu, 2010).

Many cities in developing Asian countries face serious problems in managing

solid wastes. The annual waste generation increases in proportion to the rises in

population and urbanization. Asian countries with greater rural populations produce

more organic waste, such as kitchen wastes, and fewer recyclable items, such as

paper, metals, and plastics. Reliable data on solid waste compositions are difficult to

obtain, and even if available, they are often not updated. We report the most recent

waste composition data in some developing Asian countries. We suggest that a better

classification system for landfills is needed to address inconsistencies in data for

sanitary landfill sites versus waste dumps. We also discuss the information on waste
 14

disposal trends and problems associated with general solid waste management in

developing Asian countries (Idris, 2008).

Synthesis

Environmental degradation has become an exceptionally disturbing issue at

present. Human exercises have been the essential driver of this disastrous occasion

which has come about to different complexities, for example, medical issues. The

assets are restricted and individuals exclusively rely upon it for living. In this manner,

the need to address these worries emerges. Different strong waste administration

programs have been built up anyway the individuals' responsibility has kept on testing

the neighborhood specialists just as the coordinating organizations. This examination

was directed so as to survey the mindfulness, practice and frame of mind towards the

current strong waste administration projects of the chose understudies in Davao del

Sur. It additionally means to gauge the adequacy and current status of these executed

projects. The investigation utilized study strategy. One hundred sixty eight of 227

understudies were overviewed utilizing an approved, self-controlled instrument. The

examination uncovered that greater part of the understudies is very much aware of the

current strong waste administration programs, practice them and is eager to get familiar

with the issue. Others, then again, do the inverse. It is vital that all residents must

submit in the usage of natural projects in order to be increasingly viable.

Awareness and Waste Management

 15

Awareness is the state or ability to perceive, to feel, or to be conscious of

events, objects, or sensory patterns. In this level of consciousness, sense data can be

confirmed by an observer without necessarily implying an understanding (Oxford

Dictionary 2013). Education and awareness are often crucial and a key part of any

country’s waste management strategy. This is also the case for South Africa’s

Integrated waste management strategy (NWMS 2010) under the National

Environmental Management Waste Act (Act 59, 2008). Desa et al 2010 stated that

“Components of environmental awareness can be classified into two aspects:

perception and behaviour, that is, the perception of environmental problems and the

behavioral inclination to protect the environment. The perception of environmental

problems involves people’s objective knowledge, perception and environmental

realities”. A number of studies propose that environmental education is an integral part

of raising environmental awareness in children and that children should be educated in

a way that would raise their environmental awareness and improve their knowledge so

that they could make informed and responsible decisions as adults (Zelezny and

Schultz; 2000; Fernández-Manzanal, 2007, Littledyke, 2008). From the International

literature there is strong evidence which suggests that awareness and attitudes towards

waste generation and management are critical to support the human race’s endeavor to

address the current waste management challenge. Literature on the environmental

awareness of children is not abundant in the case of South African studies. Literature is

limited to knowledge and education studies as was done by (Schulze, 1993) and;

(Peden, 2008) study suggests that students do not seem to have adequate basic

knowledge about the environment. The study found the development of environmental
 16

literacy in students, issues such as ecology, population, pollution, culture and natural

resources should be addressed more pertinently in the school curriculum. (Peden,

2008) set out a book to provide a set of introductory readings for South African students

of environmental education at tertiary level. The book serves to highlight a number of

issues around the state of environmental education in South Africa. It is also indicated

that the environmental curriculum in schools needs to be revaluated to ensure a quality

environmental education to children to increase knowledge and awareness.

Theoretical Framework

This study will use 1 main theory and 4 supporting theories that can support the

main theory. Theoretical frame work will provide the context for examining a problem,

this will help the researchers to develop their hypothesis lastly it will serves as a guide

to systematically identify logical, precisely defines relationship among variables this

study will use the theory of Structural Functional Theory, Modern Structural

Organization and lastly Community Development theory that will be discuss.

1.1 Structural-Functional Theory

Functionalism, also called structural-functional theory, sees society as a

structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of the

individuals in that society. Functionalism grew out of the writings of English philosopher

and biologist, Hebert Spencer (1820–1903), who saw similarities between society and

the human body; he argued that just as the various organs of the body work together to

keep the body functioning, the various parts of society work together to keep society

functioning (Spencer 1898). The parts of society that Spencer referred to were

 17

the social institutions, or patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social

needs, such as government, education, family, healthcare, religion, and the economy.

Émile Durkheim, another early sociologist, applied Spencer’s theory to explain how

societies change and survive over time. Durkheim believed that society is a complex

system of interrelated and interdependent parts that work together to maintain stability

(Durkheim 1893), and that society is held together by shared values, languages, and

symbols. He believed that to study society, a sociologist must look beyond individuals to

social facts such as laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashion, and rituals,

which all serve to govern social life. Alfred Radcliff-Brown (1881–1955) defined

the function of any recurrent activity as the part it played in social life as a whole, and

therefore the contribution it makes to social stability and continuity (Radcliff-Brown

1952).

2 Modern Structural Organization Theory

Modern organization theory is rooted in concepts developed during the

beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in the late 1800s and early 1900s.  Structural

organization theory is concerned with vertical differentiation, hierarchical levels of

organizational 9authority and coordination, and horizontal differentiation between

organizational units. It becomes modern because most organizational theorists from the

classical school also were structuralist. They focused on the structure or design of

organizations and their production processes. There are four basic assumptions of

modern structural theory: 1) Rational organizational behavior through formal rules and

hierarchy. 2) There is a best structure but best is determined by many factors 3)

 18

Division of labor increases productivity. 4) Most problems are from structural flaws.

(Shafritz, et al., 2011) It is clear that structure is very important in organizations. I

believe that the different theorist over time have contributed to the new concepts of

modern structural theory.  

Community Development Theory

While there may be any number of macro level theories with implications for

direct practice, it is my belief that the theory of Community Development is perhaps the

most practical framework for social workers seeking lasting change for individuals and

the communities and societies in which they live. It focuses on the centrality of

oppressed people in the process of overcoming externally imposed social problems.

Social work, at its foundation, shares much in common with the tenets of Community

Development. Mendes offers definitions of both which succinctly point to the similarities

as well as the unique distinction. “Social work is defined as professional intervention to

address situations of personal distress and crisis by shaping and changing the social

environment in which people live. Community development is defined as the

employment of community structures to address social needs and empower groups of

people” (Mendes, 2008, 3).

The unique focus on the employment of community structures in the process of change

stems from Community Development Theory’s roots in sociology, as opposed to the

psychology-based theories of micro level social work practice. When these structures

and the community’s people are appropriately engaged and empowered, the role of the
 19

social worker in a Community Development framework lands heavily on the facilitator

side of the expert-facilitator continuum. Development Theory is presented in this paper

as a framework capable of bridging the micro-macro divide in social work; the tenets of

this theory have implications for the ways clinicians view and engage with clients as well

as the ways social workers can seek to make large-scale change within a community.

Open-systems theory

Modern theories regarded institutions as closed, autonomous and disconnected

structures from the outside world. Yet more systemic and humanist philosophies

appeared in the 1960s. Recognizing that conventional theory had failed to take into

account many environmental influences that impacted organizational performance, most

theorists and researchers adopted an organizational view of open-systems. The phrase

"open systems" embodied the emerging conviction that all companies are unique –

partially due to the unique world they work in – and that they should be designed to

address unique problems and opportunities. Studies during the 1960s, for example,

showed that conventional hierarchical institutions typically struggled to thrive in

environments where technology or markets were changing rapidly. Environmental

factors affecting open systems can either be defined as unique or general. The

corporate environment refers to the network with which a business enterprise

communicates with vendors, distributors, government agencies, and competitors. The

general environment encompasses four influences emanating from the organization's

geographical area of operation.

 20

Social Work Theory

The primary mission of social work as a supporting occupation is to help clients

meet their needs and strengthen their well-being. Professional social workers are

equipped with a wide range of knowledge to respond effectively to the needs and

demands of the clients. Who forms the knowledge base of social work nevertheless

remains a major problem and a controversial issue (Trevithick, 2008). In social work a

key debate is whether hypotheses are appropriate for action. Thyer (1994) suggests

that preparing theory for practice is a waste of time for social work educators, because

they are not doing a good job of teaching theory. He claims that most social work ideas

are wrongly taught and unfounded, leading to counterproductive approaches (Thyer,

1994). In contrast, Simon (1994) insists that learning theoretical knowledge is crucial for

social work practitioners, since theory can serve as an anchoring frame and conceptual

screen for case assessment, causal explanation, intervention planning, and outcome

assessment. While this type of expert debate provides a vehicle for scholars or

educators to discuss thoroughly the role of the theory of social work in practice, it does

not offer an opportunity for the outcome's general consumers to express their views,

especially students who are required to learn and apply theory in practice.
21
 CHAPTER 2

Method

The methodology elaborately describes how each step of the study was

conducted. A qualitative research paper entails a qualitative method which focuses on

smaller sample sizes, probing questions, and highlights quality over quantity.

Research Design

This research will use a phenomenological approach to determine the reasons of

the Holy Cross of Davao College in improper waste disposal. Phenomenology is mainly

interested in the "lived experiences" of the subjects of the study, meaning subjective

understandings of their own experiences. The goal is to answer a specific research

question about the experiences of the participants. Phenomenology is a qualitative

research method that is used to describe how human beings experience a certain

phenomenon. A phenomenological study attempts to set aside biases and

preconceived assumptions about human experiences, feelings, and responses to a

particular situation. It allows the researcher to delve into the perceptions, perspectives,

understandings, and feelings of those people who have actually experienced or lived

the phenomenon or situation of interest. Therefore, phenomenology can be defined as

the direct investigation and description of phenomena as consciously experienced by

people living those experiences. Phenomenological research is typically conducted

through the use of in-depth interviews of small samples of participants. By studying the
perspectives of multiple participants, a researcher can begin to make generalizations

regarding what it is like to

 22

experience a certain phenomenon from the perspective of those that have lived the

experience.

Phenomenology is an approach to qualitative research that focuses on the

commonality of a lived experience within a particular group. The fundamental goal of the

approach is to arrive at a description of the nature of the particular phenomenon

(Creswell, 2013).

Research Locale

The study will be conducted in Holy Cross of Davao College, Basic Education

Department located at S.O.S. Drive, Bajada, Davao City. The researchers have chosen

this institution as the research locale because the researchers observed that the proper

waste disposal of garbage and maintenance of clean garbage bins wasn't properly

observed especially that the cleanliness of the campus reflects on the students, faculty

and staff to be well-disciplined individuals and also to care for the environment.

Participants and Sampling

In order to achieve the fulfillment of the study, the researchers decided to have

12 students with the purposive sampling of choosing the respondents from Grade 11

and 12 of Holy Cross of Davao College, particularly in Bajada Campus to be the subject

of the study. The respondents must be full disclosure and be participative in the process

of in-depth interview.
 23

Ethical Consideration

The researchers will follow ethical guidelines in the conduct of the study and it

will include an orientation process for the participants before engaging them in the

interview to ensure that the procedures were unbiased and fair to all involved. The flow

of the interview will be explained well to the participants, including the language of the

interview, the type of questions asked and the recordings. The identities of the

respondents will be withheld to ensure their anonymity. The respondents will be asked if

they would like to see a copy of the interview transcript and the summary of the results

of this research study. When designing this study, it was decided that the interviews

should remain confidential so that the reader cannot identify who were interviewed.

Besides, there are a few benefits of keeping the participants’ identity. They would be

more willing to participate in an interview. They would be more likely to reveal more and

higher quality information, including personal opinions and insights that they would not

otherwise want to be quoted as saying. Making the participants anonymous meant that

this study cannot reveal who said what statements or who had what opinions. A smooth

presentation of data was done through coding of the participants. As a whole, the study

will observe impartiality in its interpretation and will be guided by integrity and quality of

work. In addition, the researcher will inform the participants of the nature of the study

and the data gathering. It will also be discussed to them the important role they play for

the completion of this study. Thus, each participant will receive an informed consent

letter addressed to them and asked them to sign it. Moreover, the researchers will

assure safety and precautions in the data gathering by making sure that the place for

the interview was conducive and free from physical and psychological harm. Finally, the
 24

researchers will definitely emphasize to the participants that their participation in the

study is merely academic in nature. Thus, their presence was voluntary and there was

no personal coercion.

Role of the Researcher

The researcher’s role in qualitative research is critical since the researchers

collects data and implements analysis (Creswell, 2007). Therefore, the researcher’s role

in this study is observer. The participants are the primary instrument of data collection

and analysis that collected, coded, and analyzed the data from interviews, FGD and

questionnaires to uncover the emerging concepts and patterns. Thus, there is the

potential for bias on the researcher’s behalf, which could impact the outcome of the

study, making this a very challenging balancing act of being objective and

nonjudgmental in our thoughts, observations, and actions. That potential bias could be

the two (2) researchers are currently employed in the research locale.

Research Tool

Research questionnaire and voice recording will be the used as the research tool

in the study. This suggested a one-on-one period with each participant as a way of

knowing one’s opinions. These participants were asked further questions on his or her

experiences and challenges regarding in proper waste disposal. A set of validated semi-

structured questions was also used to interrogate the participants of their views, which

shall be done at the respondent convenient time.

 25

Data Collection

The researchers provided and submitted all the letters which are the Permission

letter, Informed letter and Parents consent for conducting the study. Also submitted

validation sheet to the three validators so that the researchers can proceed in gathering

the data which is in-depth interview. Researchers conducted in-depth interview to the 6

respondents and another 6 respondents for the focus group discussion. Berry, R. S.

(1999) interviews have been used extensively for data collection across all the disciples

of the social sciences & in educational research, there are many types of interviews, as

suggested in the literature which are the students in Holy Cross of Davao College

Bajada Campus.

Before gathering the data, the researchers will provide a permission letter,

informed letter to the respondents and to the school president for them to continue. In

addition, the researchers provide request form to the registrar office to have the specific

population of the particular respondents. Also, submit a validation sheet to the three

validators so that the researchers can proceed in gathering the data.

In this study Triangulation Method will be used. Triangulation facilitates validation

of data through cross verification from more than two sources. It tests the consistency of

findings obtained through different instruments and increases the chance to control, or

at least assess, some of the threats or multiple causes influencing our results. Key

Informant Interviews (KII) involve interviewing a select group of individuals who are

likely to provide needed information, ideas, and insights on a particular subject. Focus

Group Discussion (FGD) used to gather people's opinions in which a selected group of

people discusses a given topic. Secondary Sources which includes our related literature
 26

that interprets our primary sources. These participants were asked further questions on

his or her experiences and challenges regarding in proper waste disposal. A set of

validated semi-structured questions will also be used to interrogate the participants of

their views, which shall be done at the respondent convenient time. The researchers will

ask the respondents for their availability and participation in answering the questions

made by the researchers. The survey questionnaire will be given to the respondents

which are the high school students of Holy Cross of Davao College, SOS Drive, Bajada

Campus.

After the respondents are done with answering the questionnaires, the

researchers will collect the review questionnaire. Only the valid ones are accepted. The

acquired data treatment retrieve from the respondents are subject for statistical

computation, tabulation, analysis, and interpretation.

Data Analysis

Since the study utilized different methods of collecting the data, different methods

also were applied in analyzing the data gathered. Thematic analysis is conducted

through the systematic coding of data to generate thematic categories and themes,

which resulted from the behaviors (observable actions), thoughts, perceptions, or

experiences that become the key variables of the analysis.

Data analysis comprised organizing, analyzing, and synthesizing the data

gathered from the interview responses, transforming the data into clusters and themes-

based invariant constituents that emerged from the data collection phase. The

participants were interviewed, and the researcher gathered textual data and analyzed
 27

these using the seven-stage process of data analysis, which results in elaboration of

‘shared practices and common meanings’ Manen (2012). For discerning the themes in

the data, thematic analysis is employed. Thematic Analysis (TA) is a method for

identifying and analysing patterns of meaning in a dataset (Braun & Clarke, 2006). It

illustrates which themes are important in the description of the phenomenon under

study (Daly et al., 1997). The end result of a thematic analysis should highlight the most

salient constellations of meanings present in the dataset. Such constellations include

affective, cognitive and symbolic dimensions. If one were looking at how those who do

not take up the services of mental health professionals view them, for example, a

thematic analysis of interviews with a carefully chosen sample of such people would

reveal how they represent the various mental health professionals. This, in turn, would

reveal what keeps them away from the services offered by those such as

psychotherapists and psychologists. Thus, a thematic analysis can tap the manifest and

latent drivers concerning an issue such as uptake of mental health professional

services.

Since a TA refers to themes, the notion of a theme must be examined more

closely. A theme refers to a specific pattern of meaning found in the data. It can contain

manifest content - that is something directly observable such as mentions of stigma

across a series of interview transcripts. Alternatively, it can contain more latent content,

such as references in the transcripts, which refer to stigma implicitly, via mentions of

maintaining social distance from a particular group, such as certain mental health

professionals. Specific criteria need to be stipulated concerning what can and cannot be

coded within such themes; otherwise this form of content is highly subjective. Themes
 28

are thus patterns of explicit and implicit content. Thematic analyses tend to draw on

both types of theme. Often one can identify a set of manifest themes, which point to a

more latent level of meaning. The deduction of latent meanings underpinning sets of

manifest themes requires interpretation (Joffe and Yardley, 2004).

Trustworthiness of the Study

Credibility. It is seen as the most important aspect or criterion in establishing

trustworthiness. This is because credibility essentially asks the researchers to clearly

link the research study’s findings with reality in order to demonstrate the truth of the

research study’s findings. In order to check the credibility of the study, triangulation

method will be employed in data collection. The purpose of this method is to gain a

more complete understanding of the phenomenon being studied. It is used to make sure

that the research findings are robust, rich, comprehensive, and well-developed.

Dependability. This aspect is important to trustworthiness because it establishes

the research study’s findings as consistent and repeatable. Researchers aim to verify

that their findings are consistent with the raw data they collected. The researchers want

to make sure that if some other researchers were to look over the data, the study would

arrive at similar findings, interpretations, and conclusions about the data. This is

important to make sure that there will be nothing missed in the research study and the

researchers will not be misguided on the final result.

Transferability. This study established by providing readers with evidence that

the research study’s findings could be applicable to other contexts, situations, times,

and populations. It is important to note that as the researchers cannot prove that the
 29

research study’s findings will be applicable. Instead, the task of the researchers is to

provide the evidence that it could be applicable.

Confirmability. The last criterion of trustworthiness that a qualitative researcher

must establish. This criterion has to do with the level of confidence that the research

study’s findings are based on the participants’ narratives and words rather than potential

researcher biases. Confirmability is there to verify that the findings are shaped by

participants more to avoid biases. Rigor. This aspect is perhaps best thought in terms of

the quality of the research process. By ensuring the rigor of the study, transparency of

the result between the researchers and the human subjects is important. After gathering

the data and finding the result, the participants has the right to verify the data given to

the researchers.
 30

References

Alemayehu, T. (2010). The impact of uncontrolled waste disposal on surface water

quality in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science, 24(1), 93-
104.

Arora, D., Mahajan, M. K., Shekhar Dwive, D. I., & Parul, G. A. R. G. (2015). Impact of
Training Session on Biomedical Waste Management–An Analysis. International
Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 6(9), 6479-6481.

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative
research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101.

Chatterjee, R. (2010). Municipal solid waste management in kohima city-india. Journal

of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, 7(2), 173-180.

Daly, C., Taylor, G. H., & Gibson, W. (1997, October). The PRISM approach to
destribution phenomenon, 10th AMS Conf. on Applied Climatology (pp. 20-23).
Demirbas, A. (2011). Waste management, waste resource facilities and waste
conversion processes. Energy Conversion and Management, 52(2), 1280-1287.
Desa, A., Kadir, N.B.A. and Yusooff, F. (2010). A Study on the Knowledge, Attitudes,
Awareness Status and Behaviour Concerning Solid Waste Management.
Kongres Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran UKM, 18:643-648.

Fernández-Manzanal R (2007) Evaluation of environmental attitudes: Analysis and

results of a scale applied to university students Article first published online: 9
JUL 2007 DOI: 10.1002/sce.20218, Science Education, Vol 91, Issue 6, p 988-
1007.

Hoornweg, D., & Bhada-Tata, P. (2012). What a waste: a global review of solid waste
management.

Jafari, A., Godini, H., & Mirhousaini, S. H. J. (2010). Municipal solid waste management
in KhoramAbad city and experiences. World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol, 4, 163-
168.

Joffe, H. (2012). Thematic Analysis. Qualitative research methods in mentalhealth and

psychotherapy: A guide for students and practitioners, 1, 210223.

Idris, A., Inanc, B., & Hassan, M. (2008). Overview of waste disposal and
landfills/dumps in Asian countries. Journal of material cycles and waste
management, 6(2), 104-110.
 31

Licy, C., Raghavan, V., Saritha, K., Anies, T., & Josphina, C. (2013). Awareness,
Attitude and Practice of School Students towards Household Waste
Management. Journal of Environmment. 02. 147-150.

Littledyke, M. (2008). Science education for environmental awareness: Approaches to

integrating cognitive and affective domains. Environmental Education Research,
14(1).

Manen, M. (2012). From meaning to method. Qualitative health research, 7(3), 345-369.

Patwary, M.A., O'Hare, W.T., Sarker, M.H. (2011) Assessment Of Ocupational And
Environmental Safety Associated With Medical Waste Disposal In Developing
Countries: A Qualitative Approach
ssss
Peden, I.M., (2008). Education for Sustainable Development: Knowledge and
Environment in South African Schooling. Southern African Journal of
Environmental education, Vol. 25, 2008.

Thomas-Hope, E. M. (Ed.). (2008). Solid waste management: critical issues for

developing countries. Canoe Press.

Reinhart, D. R. (2013). A review of recent studies on the sources of hazardous

compounds emitted from solid waste landfills: a US experience. Waste
Management & Research, 11(3), 257-268.

Saini, S., Das, B. K., Kapil, A., Nagarajan, S. S., & Sarma, R. K. (2009). The study of
bacterial flora of different types in hospital waste: evaluation of waste treatment
at AIIMS Hospital, New Delhi. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine &
Public Health, 35(4), 986.

Shen, L. Y., Tam, V. W., Tam, C. M., & Drew, D. (2010). Mapping approach for
examining waste management on construction sites. Journal of construction
engineering and management, 130(4), 472-481.u
Sharholy, M., Ahmad, K., Mahmood, G., & Trivedi, R. C. (2008). Municipal solid waste
management in Indian cities–A review. Waste management, 28(2), 459-467.

Shulze, S., (1993). An assessment of the environmental knowledge of Standard Five

and Seven pupils Koers SH<3) 1993:341-352

Yong, Z., Gang, X., Guanxing, W., Tao, Z., & Dawei, J. (2009). Medical waste

management in China: A case study of Nanjing. Waste management, 29(4),

1376-1382.
 32

Zelezny, C. and Schultz, P.W., (2000) Promoting Environmentalism, Journal of Social

issues, Vol. 56, No. 3, 2000, p 365 – 371.

 Appendix A. Letter Addressed to the Principal
HOLY CROSS OF DAVAO COLLEGE
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM

December 13, 2019

Mr. Reynaldo P. Eliseo

Principal
Holy Cross of Davao College
Basic Education Department
SOS, Drive Bajada

Dear Ma’am Ma. Iris,

Greetings of Peace!

The researchers of Humanities & Social Sciences (HumSS) strand of Holy Cross of Davao College are
currently conducting a research topic “THE STRUGGLE IN WASTE DISPOSSAL OF THE STUDENTS
IN HOLY CROSS OF DAVAO COLLEGA BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT”. The study aimed to
determine the reasons of performing improper waste disposal among High School Students.
.

Lieu with this, the researchers would like to seek for your permission to conduct our study in school
premises. Data collection will be conducted this coming January 13, 20120 and the researchers will
collect it on the day of on January 17, 2020. The result of this research may be published but the identity
of the participants will remain confidential and his/her name will not be disclosed to any outside party.

With fervent hope and ardent desire, the researchers pray for your approval regarding this endeavor.

Respectfully yours,
Sha-artme Lazaro
Jeffrey Chang S. Macaraya
Jeremy Vilarba
Diego Alfonso P. Villamil
Angeline B. Estilliore
Jessa Ma I. Salpocial

Noted by:
Eduard M. Tejeros III
Research Teacher
 Appendix B. Letter Addressed to the Participants

HOLY CROSS OF DAVAO COLLEGE

BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM

Dear Beloved Participant,

Good Day!

The researchers of Humanities & Social Sciences (HumSS) strand of Holy Cross of Davao College are
currently conducting a research topic “THE STRUGGLE IN WASTE DISPOSSAL OF THE STUDENTS
IN HOLY CROSS OF DAVAO COLLEGA BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT”. The study aimed to
determine the reasons of performing improper waste disposal among High School Students.

In line with this, the researchers would like to ask for your active involvement. Your participation will
involve answering a survey question that is related to the objectives of the study.

The results of this research may be published but your identity will remain confidential and his/her name
will not be disclosed to any outside party.

Thank you very much for participating in our study. Any concerns and suggestions are highly
appreciated.

Respectfully yours,

Sha-artme Lazaro Jeffrey Chang S. Macaraya

Jeremy Vilarba Diego Alfonso P. Villamil
Angeline B. Estilliore Jessa Ma I. Salpocial

REPLY SLIP

__ YES! I actively participate in your research study.

__ NO! I will not participate.

______________________________ __________________
Name/Signature of the student Date Signed
 Appendix C. Consent Form
HOLY CROSS OF DAVAO COLLEGE
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM

School Registrar
Holy Cross of Davao College
Tertiary Department
Sta. Ana Avenue, Davao City

Dear Ma’am/Sir,

Good Day!

The researchers of Humanities & Social Sciences (HumSS) strand of Holy Cross of Davao
College are currently conducting a research topic “Level of Satisfaction Towards School’s
Academic Services and Facilities of HCDC College Students”. The aim of this study is to
find out the satisfactory level of Holy Cross of Davao College students towards academic
services and facilities on their chosen courses.

The researchers would like to request for the official lists of names of the students enrolled in
the Education Department and Tourism Department for our research study entitled Level of
satisfaction towards school's Academic services and facilities of HCDC college students to fulfill
our research respondents.
Thank you for your consideration and we hope that our request will be receive anytime soon.

Respectfully yours,

Sha-artme Lazaro
Jeffrey Chang S. Macaraya
Jeremy Vilarba
Diego Alfonso P. Villamil
Angeline B. Estilliore
Jessa Ma I. Salpocial

Eduard M. Tejeros III

Research Teacher
Appendix D. Validation Sheet of Experts as to Construct Validity of Interview

Guide Questions
 57

Appendix E. Interview Guide Questions

“LIVED EXPERIENCES OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH

REGARD TO IMPROPER SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL IN HOLY CROSS OF
DAVAO COLLEGE BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT”
Participant #: ___ Age: ___ Gender: F M

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES RESEARCH QUESTIONS INTERVIEW GUIDE

QUESTIONS

The main objective of this
study is to understand the
reasons of performing
improper waste disposal
among Senior High School
Students.
1. To discover the
experiences of the Senior
High school students who are
performing improper waste
disposal.
1.1 What are your
experiences in performing
the improper waste
management?
1.2 In your opinion, how
improper waste
management affects
individuals?

1.3 Why did you perform

improper waste
management?

2.1 What are your struggles

in practicing improper waste
management?

2. To identify the insights in
performing waste disposal of
students
58
2.2 What changes have you
noticed about yourself?
2.3 In your opinion, why are
other people perform
improper waste
management?
3.1 Do you ever feel to cut
down or to stop performing
improper waste disposal?
And why?
3.2 Have you ever been
guilty about improper waste
disposal?
3.3 do you feel guilty in
performing improper solid
waste management?
 64

Appendix G. Research Locale

The researchers conducted the study at the Holy Cross of Davao College

particularly in Basic Education Department, SOS Drive, Bajada, Davao City. The

researchers elected the Holy Cross of Davao College, Bajada Campus in order

for them to know if there are students at the Holy Cross of Davao College,

Bajada Campus that are consuming alcohol.

 65

Curriculum Vitae

Alfonso Diego P. Villamil

PERSONAL DETAILS
BIRTH: October 11,
2001
ADDRESS: #150
Mercury cor. Galaxy St.,
Victoria Heights, Lanang,
Davao City
PHONE: 09989452495
MAIL:
dv805293@gmail.com
 66

EDUCATION
Junior High School
EDUCATION
Holy Cross
Junior High of Davao
School College Basic
Magugpo Pilot Central
Education Department
Elementary (2014-2018)
School Philippines (2013-
2014)
Senior High School
High School Tagum City National High
Holy Cross of Davao College Basic
School Mangga Visayan Village (2014-
Education Department (2018-2020)
2018)
AWARDS
Senior High School Holy Cross of Davao
College Basic Education Department
Clash of the Cleanest (Champion – Grade
(2018-2020)
8/St. Rose) September 2015
Jeffrey Chang S. AWARDS
Hip-hop Dance Competition
Macaraya Supreme Student Government Regional
PERSONAL DETAILS Federation
(Champion Secretary (2017-2018)
– Grade 10 ~ Our Lady of Holy
Rosary) November 2017
BIRTH: June 17,2000 Supreme Student Government President
(2017-2018)
Best Cinematography for Short Film (3rd
ADDRESS: 4th. Avenue Place/ “Unravel")
Teachers Village Tagum Supreme StudentDecember 2017
Government Vice-
City Davao del Norte President (2016-2017)
SKILSS
PHONE: 09982047020 Supreme Student Government Councilor
Photography
(2015-2016)
MAIL:
jeffreychangmacaraya@ Supreme
MS Word Student Government Councilor
gmail.com (2014-2015)
Football
Honor Student
Drawing/Painting
SKILSS
Paintings and Drawing
 67

Jessa Mae I. Salpocial

PERSONAL DETAILS
BIRTH: December
13,2001
ADDRESS: Zone 2 San
Vicente Buhangin,
Davao City
PHONE: 09568149416
MAIL:
saaaangy13@gmail.com
 68

EDUCATION
Elementary
San Roque Central Elementary School
(2013-2014)
High School
Davao City National High School (2014-
2018)
Senior High School
Holy Cross of Davao College Basic
Education Department (2018-2020)
AWARDS
Jeremy N. Villarba
HCDC Intramural Vocal-Solo 2019
PERSONAL DETAILS
CHAMPION
BIRTH: October 11,
SKILSS
2001
Singing
ADDRESS: #150
Mercury cor. Galaxy St., Cooking
Victoria Heights, Lanang,
Photography
Davao City
Computer Literate
PHONE: 09989452495
MAIL:
dv805293@gmail.com
 69

EDUCATION
Junior High School
EDUCATION
Holy Cross of Davao College Basic
Education Department (2014-2018)
Elementary
Senior High School
Holy Cross of Davao College Basic
Education
Holy CrossDepartment (2013-2014)
of Davao College Basic
Education Department (2018-2020)
High School
AWARDS
Holy Cross of Davao College Basic
Education Department (2014-2018)
Clash of the Cleanest (Champion – Grade
8/St.
SeniorRose)
High September
School 2015

Holy Cross
Hip-hop of Davao
Dance College Basic
Competition
Sha-artme Lazaro Education Department (2018-2020)
(Champion – Grade 10 ~ Our Lady of Holy
AWARDS
PERSONAL DETAILS Rosary) November 2017
Kadayawan Judo Tournament 3rd Place
BIRTH: September 2, Best Cinematography for Short Film (3rd
(August 2014)
2000 Place/ “Unravel") December 2017
Special Award Certificate from Holy Cross
ADDRESS: Narra Park
of Davao College (March 2015)
SKILSS
Residences, Block 11
Lot 32, Tigatto Road, Batang Pinoy Judo Tournament Champion
Photography
Davao City (August 2015)
PHONE: 0921 639 5606 MS WordAward Certificate from Holy Cross
Special
of Davao College (March 2016)
MAIL: Football
artmelao2@gmail.com Araw ng Dabaw Judo Tournament
Drawing/Painting
Champion (March 2017)
Araw ng Dabaw Judo Tournament Awards
for Fastest Ippon (March 2017)
SKILSS
Martial Arts (Judo)
Photography
Cooking
Drawing
Photo Editing