“TRAINING ON ELECTRICAL POWER

SYSTEM STUDIES USING PSS/E”

SAMPLE CASE-1 STG SYSTEM

BASIC COURSE (WEEK 1 DAY 1-E)

USAID’s SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FOR

PAKISTAN (SEP) PROJECT
Sample STG System Base Case with 200 MW
 Monitoring the Results of Load Flow
Bus Voltage
• Grid Code Criteria

➢ Under (N-0) Normal Operating Conditions; The bus voltages shall

be within the bandwidth of +8% and -5% of Nominal System
Voltage (Highest and Lowest Voltages of the Total System under
Normal Steady-state Operating Conditions).
➢ Under (N-1) Contingency Operating Conditions; The bus voltages
shall be within the bandwidth of +10% of Nominal System Voltage
(Highest and Lowest Voltages of the Total System under (N-1)
Contingency Operating Conditions excluding Transient Conditions)
 Monitoring the Results of Load Flow
Circuit Loading
• Permissible loading criteria
➢ Thermal loading for lines less than 80 kM (it can be loaded 3
x SIL). Typically 132 kV and 66 kV lines are less than 80 kM
and are limited by their Thermal Limit.
➢ Stability Limits or SIL limits above 80 kM: Typically for 220 kV
and above
Transformer Loading
➢ Within the specified limit under Normal (N-0) condition and
within rated name plate rating under contingency (N-1
conditions)
 Monitoring the Results of Load Flow

Generator Power Factor

• Permissible loading criteria

➢ Leading or lagging i.e. generating VARs or absorbing VARS

➢ Preferably must generate VARS i.e. lagging PF
 Sample STG System Exercises
Base Case
• Balance Bus Voltages
➢ By Tap Changing (Step-by-Step)
➢ By varying the generators terminal voltage
• Balance VARs in Generators
Change #1 in Base Case
• Add Capacitor bank to overcome overloading of 132/11 kV T/F
Change #2 in Base Case
• Switch off cct. # 2 between Bus 1 and 101 (Compare results
with Base Case)
 Sample STG System Exercises
• Provide solution to violations of voltage criteria and
overloading, if any
• Provide solution to overloading by
Change #3 in Base Case
• Increase loads at bus # 101 to 200 MW at 0.95 PF
➢ Provide solution to violations of voltage criteria and
overloading, if any
➢ Switch off cct. # 2 between Bus 1 and 101(Compare results
with Base Case)
➢ Option-1: Adding a 3 rd circuit (compare results)
➢ Option-2: Reconductoring, changing Lynx to Rail (compare
results)
 Sample STG System Exercises
Change #4 in Base Case
• Add a new 132 kV substation (bus # 701) ; load = 50 MW at PF= 0.85
and loop (in-out) 301-401 circuit at 701
• Add a direct circuit from 301 to 501 (20 kM lynx)

Change #5 in Base Case

• Increase load at bus # 601 as 30 MW at PF = 0.9
• What to do with entire 66 kV system overloaded? Conversion to 132
kV
• Add a bus 801 for same Bus –G at 132 kV level
• Add a 10 kM long 132 kV line at Lynx or Rail
• Replace 66/11 kV (2X10/13 MVA T/Fs) with 132/11 (2X 20/26)