Informática PL/SQL

Diego Alejandro García Ochoa

Universidad cooperativa de Colombia

Ingeniería de sistemas.

Informática
 Informática PL/SQL


 PL/SQL, the Oracle procedural extension of SQL, is a portable, high-performance
transaction-processing language that is tightly integrated with SQL. The basic unit of a
PL/SQL source program is the block, which groups related declarations and
statements.

A PL/SQL block is defined by the keywords DECLARE, BEGIN, EXCEPTION, and END.
These keywords divide the block into a declarative part, an executable part, and an
exception-handling part. Only the executable part is required.

begin

dbms_output.put_line('hello world');

end;

Because an anonymous block can have its own declaration and exception sections,
developers can use anonymous blocks to provide scope for identifiers and exception
handling within a larger program.

declare

l_today date := sysdate;

begin

dbms_output.put_line(

'today is '||to_char(l_today,'Day'));

exception when others then

dbms_output.put_line(sqlerrm);

end;

 Module2
Conditional Logic
 Lets add some conditional logic using if ... then ... else syntax. The TO_CHAR function
can be used to format dates and number data types. TheD format mask is the day of
the week, a number between 1 and 7.

declare

l_today date := sysdate;

begin

if to_char(l_today,'D') < 4 then

dbms_output.put_line(

'Have a wonderful week');

else

dbms_output.put_line(

'Enjoy the rest of the week');

end if;

dbms_output.put_line('today is '||

to_char(l_today,'Day')||

' day '||to_char(l_today,'D')||

' of the week.');

end;

 Module 3
Static SQL

With PL/SQL it is easy to integrate SQL statements, the example below shows a an
example of using SELECT INTO with an Oracle data dictionary table.

DECLARE

howmany INTEGER;

num_tables INTEGER;

BEGIN

-- Begin processing

SELECT COUNT(*) INTO howmany

 FROM USER_OBJECTS

WHERE OBJECT_TYPE = 'TABLE'; -- Check number of tables

num_tables := howmany; -- Compute another value

dbms_output.put_line (to_char(num_tables,'999G999G990')||'
tables');

END;

Here is an example of using a cursor for loop

DECLARE

l_table_count integer := 0;

BEGIN

for c1 in (

SELECT table_name

FROM USER_TABLES

order by 1) loop

l_table_count := l_table_count + 1;

dbms_output.put_line(c1.table_name);

end loop;

if l_table_count = 0 then

dbms_output.put_line('You have no tables in your schema');

end if;

END;

 Module4
Dynamic SQL

Lets extend our static SQL example to include some dynamic content. To facilitate
dynamic SQL passing a value back to the PL/SQL block we will create a package
named "PKG".