CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT FOR METHODS OF TEACHING

Module 1 – Curriculum Influences

1. Identify the different social issues, needs and demands that you need to consider.

A s vast innumerable changes in this world, education is a factor on how to cope with the changing world.
Hence, curriculum of an institution must be considered wisely as it is relevant to the needs of the community that
conforms to the vision, mission, goals of DepEd, CHED, TESDA.

However, “Understanding the different curriculum influences is useful in knowing the different factors that
used to be considered in developing curriculum. It provides the sources of data and information for developing
curriculum. Knowing this curriculum influences is useful in making the curriculum more relevant and responsive to
our educational system”, as illustrated below:

External Influences
Society/Government
Discipline Associations
Marketplace/Alumni

Organizational Influences ACADEMIC

Program relationships
Resources PLAN
Governance

Internal Influences
Faculty, Students, Discipline
and Program Mission

Factors Affecting Academic Planning (Stark and Lattuca 1997)

According to Tyler (1949), there are three major sources of curriculum: subject matter, society and
learners- that these curriculum sources need to be considered and examined to identify the four elements of
curriculum: goals, content, learning experiences, and evaluation.
 Society is an important source of curriculum. Teachers need to understand the culture, socio-economic and
political conditions of the people, understanding its content is important in developing a relevant and responsive
curriculum. According to Tyler

The above-mentioned factors, are of great contributors/influences in developing a curriculum. That’s why it
is important to have a clear understanding of society in developing a curriculum in the sense that it provides a more
comprehensive idea of the needs, demands and problems of the society, and the available resources that can be
utilized in the development and implementation of the curriculum.

Furthermore, aside from the major sources illustrated above, still there are other factors that influence in
curriculum development as enumerated below:

Student/Learners Requirements from

Government Agencies

eaners Media and Information

and Communication
Technology (ICT)

College Philosophy, Faculty

Vision, Mission
Church and Church
related agencies (for
Religious schools)
School Market Demands and
K-12 Basic
Accreditation Standards
Curriculum Administrator
CURRICULUM
School facilities and
other
Admission and facilities/resources
Retention Policies and Market Demands
School Rules

Student Services
Licensure Alumni and funding
Examination (HED) Sources

Curriculum Influences

Understanding the nature of the learners is also important in curriculum development. It includes knowing
their needs, nature, interests, learning styles and thinking styles. It also includes knowing the various issues and
problems about them. The learners are the direct subject of the school curriculum.

In the society, there are many changes that need to be considered in developing the curriculum. Science and
Technology keeps to influence our everyday life as new science findings, new technology and information come. In
particular, society is multilingual and multi-cultural. So developing cultural understanding and socio-cultural
consciousness among the learners is becoming necessity/imperative. Other pressing social issues like climate
change, security problems, diseases, poverty and many others also affect our everyday life.
2.Formulate the following:

 Vision
 Mission
 Core Values

3. State the following

Aims, Goals, Objective

4.List the contents and the corresponding learning experiences.

5.Ways of evaluation with appropriate evaluation tools.

According to Print (1993), Curriculum evaluation in a particular school/institution is useful to

administrators and teachers in multifarious ways. First, evaluation helps in making decisions about improving
teaching and learning processes. It also helps in shaping academic policies, it guides in initiating curricular changes
and innovations, it ensures quality of any circular program, it helps schools align their different curriculum sources
and influences and it determines the level of success of the school’s vision and mission.

Conducting curriculum evaluation is a determinant of an academic institution or school’s commitment to

quality and continuous improvement. It shouts how serious a school can be in realizing its philosophy. Vision and
mission.

However, there are several ways of curriculum there are several ways of curriculum evaluation, such as,
Reflection Points

Think about the other influences in the table below and identify the relationship between the major sources
of curriculum, the four elements of a curriculum and the other influences/factors of planning a curriculum. How do
these factors relate to your target academic field? Explain.

Synthesis

Are the learner needs and social issues reflected in your discipline/ subject? Justify?
Curriculum Development for Methods of Teaching

Modules 2. Curriculum Designs

Introduction

Print (1988) classified curriculum designs into

1. Subject- centered

1.1 Subject Design

1.2 Academic Discipline Design

1.3Integrated Design

A. Interdisciplinary

B. Multi-Disciplinary

C. Core/ Thematic Design

2.Learner – Centered Design

2.1 Activity Experience Design

2.2Humanistic Design

3. Problem Centered Design

3.1 Thematic Design

3.2 Problem Design

4. Core Learning Design

Analysis

Examine the different curriculum designs, are these designs reflected in the K-12 for basic education, in
the OBE for Tertiary Education and in the TESDA Curriculum? Identify the respective core standards and
competencies that are required for all the students to do.

Reflection Points

Think about the things to consider in designing a curriculum ------(2002) features of a good curriculum
such as:
 1. Horizontal. This is good and focuses in relationship and integration among subject areas.

2. Vertical. This focus on special progression of curriculum contents for student’s mastery.

Activities

Submit an internet research on samples of vertical and horizontal curriculum design. Choose and
construct a curriculum design that fits to your specialization.

Synthesis

All curriculum has standards to follow and designs must reflect the purpose on the intended use whether
it is for classroom, for school institution or for a national system of education.
 Curriculum Development for Methods of Teaching

Module 3. Curriculum Development Models

Introduction

The curriculum models may help you design your curriculum. There are two types of models presented, 1.
The Linear model and 2. The Cyclic model.

Analysis

Analyze the models for your preference.

A. Tyler’s Rational Linear Models and think about answers to the following questions.

1. What educational purposes should the school seek to attain?

2. What educational experiences are likely to attain these purposes/objectives?

3. How can be these educational experiences be organized?

4. How can you determine whether the purposes are attained?

b. The Cyclic Model (Audrey and Howard Nicholle (1978) note that the models starts with situational analysis or
survey of needs to make the curriculum more relevant and responsive to the needs of the students and the
schools.
c. Wheelers Curriculum Model (1967). The model is also sequential and logical. Its starts with aims, goals and
objective.

Reflection Points

Various authors and curricularists believe that the common principles are.

1. When developing a model for curriculum development, there is a need for a clear and logical process.

2.The curriculum sources and other variables that are influential in the development of a curricular should be
specified.

3. Models should reflect how educators plan and develop curriculum at all levels.

4.Models should be based in a curricular theory.

5.Each process in the model should specify areas where curriculum development is made.

6.Each model should reflect the major phases of curriculum (planning, design, implementation and evaluation).
This is also important to contextualize contents and learning experiences.
Activity

Go over mission, vision, goals, objectives and core values. Examine contents and learning experiences.
Revise, modify/ improve and create either a linear or cyclic model.

Curriculum Development for Methods of Teaching

Module 4. Curriculum Implementation

Introduction

The success of a curriculum depends on the people implementing the curriculum.

1. Teacher 6.Division Superentendents

2. Principal 7.Regional Directors
3. Consultants 8.Program Specialist
4. District Supervisors 9.Technical Panels and Technical Committee
5. Education Supervisors
Activity

A. Interview Curricularist (School Officials/ Teachers)

1. What are the priority programs and project that the Dep Ed is implementing?
2. What are the issues and problems they encountered?
3. What strategies are they implementing to address these issues, challenges and
problems in the school level?

B. Research

1.What are the features of standard based curriculum/ How are they evaluated?

2.What is a differentiated curriculum? What are the features.?

3.What is outcome- based curriculum? What are its features?

Reflection

Which of these curriculum is appropriate to your specialized field? Justify in terms of sources of a
curriculum and element of a curriculum?

Curriculum Development for Methods of Teaching

Module 5. Curriculum Evaluation

Introduction

There are various models that can be used for curriculum evaluation. It is improving teaching and learning
process and academic policies.
Analysis

Examine the models below.

A. For classroom use.

 Test results
 Checklist
 Interview guides
 Observation guides
 Personality inventories
 Rating scales
 IQ Test
 Interest Inventories

B. Provus Discrepancy Evaluation Model

C. Stufflebeans CIPP Model

Reflection

1. How can we involve the following?

 Parent
 Students
 Community Officials
 Professional organization
 Alumni
 Researchers