Grammar

For class or self-study

Jeremy Harmer
Ana Acevedo
Carol Lethaby
with Cheryl Pelteret

Marshall Cavendish
Education
Contents
Unit 1 Comparative adjectives 8 Unit 19 The present perfect simple 55
adverbs
Unit 20 The present perfect with since
Unit 2 Superlative adjectives 8 for 57
Unit 3 -ing 8 -ed adjectives Unit 21 The past simple 59
Unit 4 Articles Unit 2 2 The past continuous 61
Unit 5 The first conditional Unit 23 The past continuous 8 past
simple 64
Unit 6 The zero conditional
Unit 2 4 used to 68
Unit 7 Countable 8 uncountable
nouns 24 Unit 2 5 Modal verbs: can 8 can't 71
Unit 8 Noun quantifiers 27 Unit 2 6 Modal verbs: could 8
managed to
Unit 9 -ing nouns (gerunds) 29
Unit 27 Modal verbs: probability
Unit 10 Prepositions of place 31 modals
Unit 11 Prepositions of movement 34 Unit 28 Verb patterns: -ing verbs/
Unit 12 The present simple 36 to + infinitive 77

Unit 13 The present simple: subject 8 Unit 2 9 Verb patterns: verbs with two
object questions 40 objects 80

Unit 14 The present continuous 43 Unit 30 Verb patterns: verb + object

+ (to) + infinitive
Unit 15 The future: will (predictions1
unplanned decisions) 45 Unit 31 Review unit A

Unit 16 The future: going to 48 Unit 3 2 Review unit B

Unit 17 The future: plans 8 intentions 51

Answer key
Unit 18 The present continuous 53
Introduction
To the student
Welcome toJust Grammar. You can use this book with other
students and a teacher, or you can work alone with it.
In this book you will find clear explanations of the
grammar you need at this level. There are examples to help
you understand the explanations too. Each unit has exercises
for you to practise your grammar.
When you see this symbol (e) it means that the
answers to the practice exercises are in the Answer key at the
back of the book. You can check your answers there.
You can look at the contents page to find the grammar
you want to understand and practise.
We are sure that this book will help you to progress
in English.
To the teacher
This book is part of a series designed to be used alone or to
supplement any course book you may be using. Each book
in the series specialises in either language skills or (as in the
case of Just Grammar) in aspects of the English language.
It can be used either in class or by students working on
their own.
Just Grammar consists of 32 units which offer
comprehensive grammar explanations, and provide practice
activities to ensure the student's ability to use the language.
Apart from the last two review units, the organisation is
alphabetical. Users should look in the contents list on page 3
to see which area of grammar they wish to work on.
Students will be able to use Just Grammar without
needing explanation or guidance on the part of the teacher.
Having read through the explanations and examples in the
book, they can do the exercises, and then check them in the
comprehensive Answer key at the back. However, the units
are also highly appropriate for work in class.
We are confident that you will find this book a real asset
and we recommend that you also try the other books in the
series: Just Readingand Writing, Just Vocabulary and Just
listening and Speaking.
2 Read the country facts in the table and complete the sentences.

I
big great few high large
Use the comparative form of any suitable adjectives from the box.
low many small tall long

South Africa Canada UK

Population 42,718,530 32,507,874 60,270,708
Official languages 11 2 1
Internet users 3.1 million 16.11 million 25 million
Size 1,219,912 sq km 9,984,670 sq km 244,820 sq km
Highest point Njesuthi 3,408 m Mount Logan 5,959 m Ben Nevis 1,343 m
Coastline 2,798 km 202,080 km 12,429 km

W&.......... people living in the UK than in Canada.

There are (a) .........Iv\.
Of the three countries mentioned, Canada has a (b) ................................. population than South Africa and
the UK.
South Africa has (c) ................................. official languages than the UK, which has only one - English. The UK
has (d) ................................. official languages than Canada, which has two, English and French.
A (e) .................................
number of people use the Internet in Canada than in South Africa.
South Africa is much (f) ................................. than the UK, but it is (g) ................................. than Canada.
Njesuthi is (h) ................................. than Mount Logan, but it is much (i) ................................. than Ben Nevis.
Canada's coastline is (j) ................................. than Britain's coastline.

B Complete the sentences with the comparative form of the adjectives and adverbs in brackets.
Add 'than' only where necessary.

a Cities are ...~ W P . , . . . L \ $ : P I R S ~..~.. ~ ~(interesting)

..~ beaches, but you can relax
......................................................................... (easily) at the beach.
b The food in Australia was ...........................................................................(good) here, and you could eat
............................................ (cheaply), too!
c Where is the public transport ............................................... (fast), in London or in Dublin? In Dublin,
probably, and Dublin is ............................................... (small), so you can walk.
d I find travelling by train comfortable) travelling by car and you can
. .
also get to your destination ........................................................................ (quickly).
e In July, plane fares to New Zealand are ............................................. (low) in December. But it's
................................................ (cold) then, because it's winter there.
 UNIT 1: Comparative adlectives & adverbs 7

P Read the country facts in the table and complete the sentences.
Use the comparative form of any suitable adjectives from the box.

Comparative adject~ves€t adverbs

.
Use comparative adjectives (and adverbs) with th,,,.1 Population
South Africa
42,718,530
Canada
32,507,874
UK
60,270,708
He's older than my brother. Official languages 11 2 1

I
The red ones are more ex~ensivethqn the blue ones.
7 T.PJ Internet users 3.1 million 16.11 million 25 million
He ran faster than me. .
*;m L.*
244,820 sq km
For short adjectives and adve., add -er. Size 1,219,912 sq km 9,984,670 sq km

I
tall - taller yn
w l gia- l w- -w- . Highest point Njesuthi 3,408 m Mount Logan 5,959 m Ben Nevis 1,343 m
fast - faster J q&%UIL~,
For short adjectives with vowel + consonant: final letter x 2 + -er. Coastline 2,798 km 202,080 km 12,429 km

I
hot - hotter
thin - thinner There are (a) .........Efl.% .......... people living in the UK than in Canada.
For short adjectives which +: in . J=; . + er. Of the three countries mentioned, Canada has a (b) ............................... population than South Africa and
noisy - noisier

-
ugly - uglier fl 7 : L[Onp-+
!"
the UK.
For adverbs that end with -ly: more + adverb. South Africa has (c) ............................... official languages than the UK, which has only one - English. The UK
has (d) .................................official languages than Canada, which has two, English and French.
She eats more quickly than I do.
Dogs eat more noisily than cats. A (e) .................................number of people use the Internet in Canada than in South Africa.
For long adjectives: more + adjecfiy. South Africa is much (f) ................................. than the UK, but it is (g) ................................. than Canada.
beautiful - more beautiful W+%k., Njesuthi is (h) ............................... than Mount Logan, but it is much (i) ................................ than Ben Nevis.
comfortable - more comfortable
Canada's coastline is (j) ................................. than Britain's coastline.
Some common adjectives (and adverbs) have their own special forms.
good (well) - better K,.-
bad (badly) - worse :'!,;I "'. ! 3 Complete the sentences with the comparative form of the adjectives and adverbs in brackets.
Add 'than' only where necessary.
...................................................................................... a Cities are ..mo~...
L\~W.....b
~ J......... (interesting) beaches, but you can relax
1 Complete the table. Put the words in the correct columns.
...........................................................................
(easily) at the beach.

two syllables
e.g. heavy
three syllablesl
e.g. unhappy
1
1
beautiful CEt- ,,,,,I

tall small sunny friendly

-
large purdlar

I
b The food in Australia was .........................................................................(good) here, and you could eat
................................................ (cheaply), too!
c Where is the public transport .............................................. (fast), in London or in Dublin? In Dublin,
probably, and Dublin is ................................................ (small), so you can walk.
(comfortable) travelling by car and you can
d I find travelling by train ...........................................................................
also get to your destination .......................................................................... (quickly).
e In July, plane fares to New Zealand are ................................................(low) in December. But it's
Can you add more adjectives to the ............................................... (cold) then, because it's winter there.
columns?
4 Look at the pictures on page 9. Use the prompts to write sentences.

a Stadium Australialthe Millennium Stadium ........ .....f

.....Ad.5fdia....i ~ . . . ht................................
! .~...h
....rY\ilhim....3aoG-m.............
b Edmonton Stadiurn/Stadium Australia .........................................................................................................................................

c Kingda Ka/Top Thrill Dragster ............................................................................................................................

d In Australia, horse racing / rugby league .............................................................................................................................................................

...............".......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
e Pipeline BungeeIMokai Canyon ........................................................................................................................................................................
.-..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
-..........
f In Britain, footbalVcricket ........................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................-.............................................................-...
......................................................................................
Millennium Stadium, Cardiff, Wales 72,500 seats
g The Millennium Stadium/Edmonton Stadium ......................................-... ................ ~~~~ ~~ ~~ ............................................
Mokai Canyon, New Zealand
...............................................................................................................
............................................................................................. ............................................ Stadium Australia, Sydney, Australia 110,000 seats
h In the USA, American footbalVbasketbal1...............--...............
.............................................................................................................................. Plettenberg Bay, South Africa 216 m
Edmonton Stadium, Canada 60,000 seats
1 Pipeline Bungee, Australia
I--
102 m
- -

Tall roller coasters

B Now answer the questions about the places in the pictures.

a Which rollercoaster is taller - The Big One, or Kingda Ka? ....................... .....6............................................................ $
b Is rugby more or less popular on TV in Britain, than cricket? ....................................................................................................

c Which sport is less popular on TV in the USA, baseball or basketball? ...........................................................................

d Is the Edmonton Stadium in Canada smaller or bigger than Australia Stadium? .................................................

Which bungee jump is higher - the one in New Zealand or South Africa? ...............................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

f In which country is horse racing less popular on TV than football?................................................................................. Australia: 1. Australian Rules football
2. Horse racing 3. Rugby league
........................................................................................................................................................... Britain: 1. Football/soccer 2. Rugby 3. Cricket

USA: 1. Baseball 2. American football

 2 Complete these sentences using the superlative form of the adjective in brackets.

a This is ............h?+
....d& ..............................................................(bad) film I have ever seen!
b A Brief History of Time is ...................................................................................................... (interesting) book I have ever read.
Superlative adjectives c Would you like to live i
. .
d I think t h ~ s1s .....................................................................................................
(large) city in the world?
(uncomfortable) chair I have ever sat in.
He's oldest man in the world. e They went to ...................................................................................................... (cheap) restaurant in the city, because they had
the very little money.
It's most beautiful film I've ever seen.
most carefully. f The Lamborghini Mucielago is one of ..................................................................................... (expensive) cars in the world.
-

Use superlative adjectivGandTdverbs with the. g Charlie Chaplin's films are still some of ..................................................................................................... (funny) films ever.
He's the oldest person in the world. h What do you think is .............................................................................................. (good) way to get to the bridge from here?
They're the most beautiful paintings I've ever seen.
He climbed the most carefully.
For short adjectives: add -est.
1; i Try to cross the river here, because this is ...................................................................................................
i Richie is ..................................................................................................... (thin) of my three nephews.
(narrow) part.

I
II tall - tallest
fast - fastest
:
--mi ..-, .........*.,..........,...........................,................*............**....*
w 3 Read the advertisements. Answer the questions, using the superlative forms of the adjectives.
For short adjectives with vowel + consonant: final letter x 2'r -est.
hot - hottest lq,,, ,
thin - thinnest i.%- . % r A
B
Short adjectives which end in -y: y = i + est. 2-bedroomed flat in quiet street
Small, cosy l-bedroomed flat. Bathroom
noisy - noisiest
ugly - ugliest 1 -
For adverbs that end with -ly: most + adverb.
- .'d
40 minutes from town centre. Not near
transport. Large windows - very light.
Modern kitchen and bathroom. Garden
and kitchen need some work - a bit
old-fashioned. Small windows - not very
sunny. In busy town centre - transport
She eats the most quickly.
,5
- good for children. €200 per week. no problem. €100 per week.
C
Dogs eat the most noisily. 3-bedroomed flat in countryside.
For long adjectives: most + adjective. One hour by train to city centre.
beautiful-mostbeautiful L,41; Which flat is the ...? Large windows and glass roof in
comfortable - most comfortable kitchen! Fairly modern. €150 per
Some common adjectives (and adverbs) have their own .,o.- "special forms. 8 .

a (small) ..................................fl~t
...&...IS....h....&.I&* ............................................................... week.
good (well) - best b (sunny) .......................................................................................................................................................................
c (large) ..................................................................................................................................................................
I
d (near) to town ....................................................................................................................................................................
1 Make the following into superlative adjectives.
e (modern) .....................................................................................................................................................................
a bad .................. d1;!6f
............................................................................ j good ......................................................................................................................... f (noisy) ..................................................................................................................................................................
, b boring ....................................................................................................... k high ....................................................................................................................... g (expensive) ................................................................................................................................................................... I
c cheap 1 interesting ........................................................................................................... ...........................................................................*..........
d cramped ................................................................................................. m long ........................................................................................................................... 4 Now write sentences using the opposites of the superlative adjectives you have written in exercise 3.
e deep ............................................................................................................ n narrow ...............................................................................................................
f expensive .............................................................................................. o spaclous ...................................-..........................................................................
g fast p thin ............................................................................................................................
h fat ............................................................................................................... q ugly ...........................................................................................................................
i funny r uncomfortable ............................................................................................
m
12 UNIT Z: Superlath djetxlves

b Read 'The Top Three' in the table, and make sentences.

The Top Three 1 2 3

Long rivers Nile Amazon Yangtze-Kiang
Tall CN Tower, Canada Ostankino Tower, Russia Oriental Pearl
telecommunications Broadcasting Tower,
towers China
Large countries Russia Canada China
High waterfalls Angel Falls, Venezuela Tugela, South Africa UtigBrd, Norway
Deep caves Lamprechtshofen, Gouffre Mirolda, France Rkseau Jean Bernard,
Austria France
Crowded cities Hong Kong, China Lagos, Nigeria Dhaka, Bangladesh

6 Look at the photos on page 13 and complete these sentences. Use the superlative
form of the adjectives in the box.
xpensive
al&
The (a) ....................................................... female twins were Kin Narita and Gin Kanie kl
(born 1892, Japan), whose names mean gold and silver. Gin lived the
mall
(b) ........................................................... : she died in 2001, aged 108, and her sister Kin
died the year before, aged 107. 31

The ( c ) ............................................................ orange nose push was achieved by Myles Anderson,

who pushed an orange with his nose for 1.6 km, in London. This took 1 hour and 14 minutes.
The (d) ................................................... production car was the Peel P50, which was 134 cm long, 99 cm wide
and 134 cm high. It was made in Britain in the 1960s.
The (e) .................................................. guitar was sold for $957,500, in 2002. It had belonged to Jerry Garcia,
of the band The Grateful Dead.
rn
 UNIT 3: -1ng & -edadJectlves 15

j Read the postcards. Write the letter of the

correct picture in the boxes.

-ing 8 -ed adjectives , some cwe even

/shocking. The wedthev k
(d) inteue5ted/interesting. Today
Use -ed adjectives to say how you feel. it was c o d . Now, at
I am interested. shining! One thing is
I am bored.
Use -ing adjectives to talk about something or somebody else.

-
He is boring.
This book is exciting.
Vish gow were here! ~~~a
I Circle the correct words in the dialogues. Picture
I
GIRL 1: Let's do something. I'm so (a) boring@
GIRL 2: Yes. It's (b) boringlbored here. Let's go out. me aU the b e ! She m m s 'a cup of ted. Here
people d x ' i tea when they are cold, or hot, when
MAN: I'm going to watch this DVD about Jamaica. Are you
thcy are (f3 W h g , a lg) & e d / r m g -..

WOMAN:
(c) interestinglinterested?
Yes, It sounds (d) interestinglinterested.
tea &ays makes yac f e d better! But nobody has
the famous .four o'clock tea, like it says in ocnr
1 English book. T h d s vuy (h) dk#/
I
MAN: You can't come with us? How (e) disappointingldisappointed.
WOMAN: I'm (f) disappointingldisappointed too. Next time, maybe. m
.....................................................................
Choose the correct adjective for each blank. Does it end in -ed or Jng? Picture m
......................................................................................
a I find swimming very .............................d.M3................................ (relax).
b Learning about other cultures is very ............................................................... "...................-
O Underline the correct word in the postcards. =
......................................................................................
(interest).
5 Complete each sentence with the correct -ing or -ed adjective made from the verb in brackets.

1
c I am .................................................................................. (interest) in travelling.
d Jude was very .-......--..........-............................................................ (tire) after the long trip. a Driving on the left was a bit ......&~hi5 .......... (frighten) at first.
. .
e Sharon thinks flying is ................................................................................ (tire). b I am a bit .................................................. (worry) about my English.
f The plane moved up and down but all the people were completely c I went to a cricket match. It was long and .................................................. (bore).
.......................~..............................................................
(relax). d English food is very good. That's ............................................. (surprise), isn't it?
g I was ...................................................................................... (worry) about the long flight. e People say English humour is very .................................................. (amuse), but I don't understand it.
h James finds my accent ..............................~..................................................... (amuse). f I am .....,........................................... (interest) in British pop music.
i The .film
.............was
............very
............... (amuse). I laughed a lot.
 UNIT 4:Artkle?ji

P Complete these paragraphs with a, an, the, or nothing (zero article).

(a) ..........?b.......... Eiffel Tower in Paris was built between 1887 and
1889. (b) .......................... architect was Stephen Sauvestre. There is
Articles (c)........................ restaurant on the second level called (d) ...........................
Jules Verne restaurant and there is (e) .............................. restaurant on the
a, an
Use a t o talk about one of something. . first level called Altitude 95. There are (f) .............................. shops on the
a car a song
.-F
third level and of course there is (g) ............................ great view of
Use an to talk about one o f something before f-.a.-' I -Jr s---ething like a vowel). (h) .......................... .. city. There are 1,665 steps to (i) ............................ top of
an eye an hour
tower, but there is also (k) ........................... elevator.
( j ) ..............................
m
the ...................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Use the to talk about something special that we all I---w about.
the world the future 3 Match the explanations a-h with examples 1-8 from the text about Zaha Hadid. m
Use the to talk about something for the second ~~IIIC, ur when people know which one it is. I

It's a painting by Leonardo da Vinci. The painting is in Paris.

Laha Haala IS an arcnltecr. bur sne s nor your usual

I
Pass me the cup in front o f you.
architect! For a start, she's a woman. Shegrew up in
Use the to talk about the names o f some countries with v n r p than one word or which end vl'+
Iraq. She wears bright, shinyjewellery, and has been
'of something:
described as 'a big woman, with an even more gigantic
The People's Republic of China The- United States of America
L
I personalit$ She has quite a stormy nature, but as her
Zero article (= no article) I ., friends put it, 'she's actually very good with people,
Don't use a, an or the for plural nouns which describe things in aeneral. and the storms are all on the outside'. She designed an
I love - flowers. b 8
award-winning opera house for the city of Cardiff, but
People often complain about - -
noise. ,. ' when the public decided they didn't want an opera
lon't use a, an or the for uncountable nouns (see above) about things in general. house, but a football stadium instead, the opera house

-
* b.qz ;
I like - milk. was never built.
1

I don't eat - meat. The Cincinnati Museum of Contemporary A r f i i thk

lon't use a, an or the with the names of most countrieshdmt
He went to - Russia.
USA, is one of her designs.
% I ' R
I've never been to - ore gigantic
We use a to talk about one of something.

F.
............-..B
We use an if the next word starts with a vowel sound.
1 Say why no article is used in each one of the examples 1-6. grew up in Iraq
We use the with some country names with more than one word ....................................
- - or which end with '... of something' (e.g. The People's Republic
zero article before a plural noun describing I've never eaten snails. .........4.... of China). [3 ..
she wears bright shiny
thmgs in general jewellery ..................................... I

zero article before uncountable nouns
describing things in general
zero article before most names of countries
2 She lived in France for ten years. ......................... We use the when we mention something for the second time.
4 she's a woman ....................................
3 Do you like rice? ......................... We use the when we talk about a special thing (or things) that
5 she's good with people
we all know about.
4 When did she move to Kenya? ........................
We don't use a, an or the for the names of most countries (or
1 .....................................
5 No, I don't like cats. ....................... cities). 6 the opera house
I never drink coffee in the evening. ......................... We don't use a, an or the with plural nouns which describe things
in general. 7 the storms are on the
outside
We don't use a, an or the when we talk about uncountable nouns.
I 8 the USA .....................................
 The first conditional
it rains, I' get wet.
If will ('11) be late.
you don't hurry, you,

Use ifsentences t o talk about things that will probably happen if something else happens.
Use the present simple in the ' i f clause, and will for the 'might happen' clause.
'If it rains, I'll get wet.
If my brother wins the race, I'll be very happy.

1
We can change the order of the clauses:
I'll get wet if it rains.
I'll be very happy if my brother wins the race.
-:
Use do not/does not (don1t/doesn't) and will not (won't) to make negative conditional sentences
If he doesn't arrive soon, we'll be late.
We won't arrive on time if you don't hurry.

get wet it rains.

- -
will ('11) if
You be late you don't hurry.

a r wanr ~o ~ u ay new car. ............. r ....................

1 Match the two parts of these sentences.
b My brother is an artist. ..................................
c Don't stay in the sun too long!
d Which kitten do you want? The black one or the grey a ,F it rains on Saturday,
one? .".................................. b I'll be really happy if
c If the children are
e Have you been to the United Kingdom? .....................................
f The first man walked on the moon in 1969. .....................................
feeling better, i falling asleep
d If there are noises,
g I need a hammer. Can you pass me the hammer, please. e If you are lying down, 4 we'll stay at home.
..................................... f It will wake you up 5 if you don't finish your
h That's a good idea! .-..._........................... g You won't be able to
i He's going to the USA next week. .....-..-......................-.. sleep if ,q
h I won't take you to the
film
20 UNIT 5: The flw conditional

S Now write the letter of the sentence from exercise 4 under the correct picture.
2 Complete the following sentences with the verb in brackets in the correct tense.

a If you ...rn...&..3i/\9
(not lie down), you ....................................... (not be able to) sleep.
b Your leg ....................................... (get) better if you ...................................... (rest).
c If you ....................................... (study) hard, you ....................................... (pass) the test.
d You ....................................... (feel) better if you ....................................... (drink) more water every day.
e Your heart ...................................... (not get) stronger if you ....................................... (not exercise) more.
f If I .............................. (eat) more calcium, my bones ....................................... (get) stronger.
g You'll ............................. (catch) a cold if you ...................................... (go out) in this rain.
h Will you ....................................... (help) me with my homework if I ...................................... (wash) the dishes?
i If you ..................................... (listen to) that loud music, you ...................................... (hurt) your ears.
j Will she ....................................... (go) on holiday if she ...................................... (not finish) the report?
u
...................................................*,..*......................,.......
a Complete these sentences about yourself.
a If it rains this weekend, .................................................................................................................................................................................................................
b I'll d o some exercise if ............................................................................................................................... .................................................................................
c I£ I pass this English course, ............................................................................................................................................................................................ "...
d If I ever win a lot of money, ....................................................................................................................................................................................................

4 Read these sentences from advertisements and complete them with the correct verb tenses.
a If you ...............IJW............. (like) chocolate, you .......& 11....1chl~........ (love) our new chocolate chew bar.
b You .................................. .....(have) whiter teeth if you ....................................... (use) our new toothpaste. 6 Write sentences for these advertisements using first conditional.
c Your clothes .................................... (stay) cleaner longer if you ................................... .... (wash) them with Brite
washing powder.
d If your child ....................................... (be) over three years old, she or he ....................................... (enjoy) playing with
the Shape Game.
e You ...................................... (not be) sorry if you .................................... (change) to the Best Bank.
f If you ..................................... (not have) time to eat, our new soup ........................ ..... (fill) you up and
....................................... (save) you time.
 UNIT 6:The zero conditional 23

3 Match the two parts of these sentences.

- -
-
a don't get enough sleel I feel sick, because I'm allergic to them.
b You won't be able to do well in y o u exam you sleep to the sound of water.
The zero conditional e If I ear mushrooms, you'll feel tired for your exam.
if you don't eat properly.
d You always get tired
ice gets warm, it melts. ! e If you live near a river,
If . it expands (gets bigger).

-something is funny, I (always) laugh. f If metal is heated, if you run more than five miles.

Use if sentences to talk abut things that are always true if something else happens. Use tht
......................................................................................
present simple in the 'if clause and in the 'something else happens' clause.
If ice gets warm, it melts.
If something is funny, I always laugh.
. ~ 4 Complete these sentences about yourself.

We can change the order of the clauses. a

# P
a If I eat too much,
Ice melts if it gets warm. fi%;Tt ' 1 a-

I always laugh if something is funny.

Use doldoes not (don't/doesn1t) or is notlare not (isnlt/aren't) to make negative zero b If I don't get enough sleep,
conditional sentences.
If ice doesn't get warm, it doesn't melt. c If I study hard for this course,
I don't laugh if somethi isn't funny.
......................................................................................................................................................................................................
-
Ice melts it gets warm. d If it rains this weekend,
if
I always laugh something is funny.
1

1 Match sentences 1 and 2 with (a) or (b). Write 1 or 2 in the boxes.

S Read this article and circle the best
1 If I exercise too much, I'll get out of breath. a something that is always true way to complete these sentences. n e a ~ i h yHair
2 If I exercise too much, I get out of breath. b something that is possible or probable gs Here are some tips for men and women to keep your h l i a
a You will damage your hair if
healthy. You need to have enough iron in your diet. If ndt; -
@you don't eat enough iron.
2 Read these sentences. Write T (true) if they tell you about something that is always true, or 2 you eat vegetables. you will damage your hair. Your hair stays healthy when you4
I
P (~ossiblelprobable)if they tell you about something that is possible or probable in the future. 3 you eat too much meat. eat foods like meat, eggs, cereals, and vegetables like
spinach.
a If you don't lie down, you won't fall asleep.
b If you eat plenty of vitamin C, First, to make your hair healthy and shiny, you must eat
b If you are at an altitude of over 4,000 feet, you need to breathe differently. 1 you must not eat fruits and fruits and vegetables that contain vitamin C. Secondly, it is
c I always find it difficult to sleep if I drink coffee before I go to bed. vegetables. good idea to cut your hair regularly. It does not become
2 your hair will shine. thicker or stronger when it is cut, but cutting your hair mgk!
d If you drink that coffee, you won't be able t o get to sleep. 3 your hair won't be healthy. it easier to take care of. I

I
e If you melt ice, it becomes water. Thirdly, be careful with the products that you use on your
c If you cut your hair regularly,
f If you want some dessert, you'll have to eat your dinner. hair. When you colour your hair you can damage it. Some
I
u
1 it will become thicker.
g If he doesn't study harder, he won't pass his exam. 2 it will become stronger. people have more delicate hair, so you should test a new
3 it will be easier to take care of. product before you use it to see what happens to your hair.
If it is hurt by a product or if your skin is allergic to a hair
d If you use hair products, product, you must stop using that product to stop the
1 it never damages your hair. problem from getting worse.
2 you must be careful.
3 they will never colour your hair. (Sr,
 UNIT 7:Countable & uncountable nouns 25

P Read this leaflet. Write the

nouns in green in the correct
place in the table in exercise 1
on page 24. m
Countable
- €t uncountable nouns
--
I Countable nouns are nouns we can count. ~ e k themplur
-.
e
a car - two cars - four cars
,,;-%

~T'ai Chi
11

a potato - two potatoes - twenty potatoes

-A

Uncountable nouns are nouns we can't count because tney are about something in general.
We can't make them plural.
The furniture in her house is very old.
Stressed out?
I like rice. When you have many things to do and no time to do them all, the result is
often stress. Stress is a part of modern living. It is bad for your mind and
Some nouns have one meaning which is uncountable and another meaning which is countable
bad for your body. T'ai Chi is a good way to reduce stress.
He loves chocolate. (= chocolate in general: uncountable)
He ate two chocolates from the box. I= little bits of chocolate: countable) What Is TvalCh13
T'ai Chi is an old Chinese form of exercise. The movements increase the
energy inside you, or your 'chi'.
How does It work?
1 Complete the table with the nouns in the sentences. The exercises in T'ai Chi are very slow and controlled. When you do T'ai Chi,
you think only of the movement and your breathing. Energy moves inside
Countable nouns (C) a potato - three potatoes your body and you become stronger and calmer - and less stressed.

pmM~ Who can do TvaiChi?

People of all ages. You don't have to be very strong and you don't need any
special equipment. Wear comfortable clothes and comfortable shoes - or
Uncountable nouns (U) milk you can do it without shoes.

a Label the nouns in the

Countable and coffee - a coffee - coffees text C (countable) or * First, eat less suaar aand oil
uncountable nouns U (uncountable). 0.
So, things like cakes
n
and biscuits and fried
I potatoes are never a good
a Vegetarians don't eat meat.
b I had fish for lunch.
c Oranges, apples and bananas are all fruit.
idea-
Cut down on red meat
chicken and fish
n- have I
d I love tropical fruits.
Eat only small quantities of
e Sugar is bad for you. rice nand pasta n.A few
f Crisps have a lot of salt. boiled potatoes are fine too
g Is stress a serious problem? * Plan your healthy meals to
h I bought salad and a box of chocolates. include yoahurt n,
veaetables and plenty of
i There is a wide variety of salads in this cafeteria.
fruit (but be careful! Fruit
j I love chocolate. I bought a box of chocolates. juice nhas a lot
- - of sugar).
<.
1

7
. -
?-
 26 UNIT 7: Countable & uncountable nouns

4 Write a or an before the nouns, where possible.

a ....a........... shoe d ................... stress g ................... orange

b ...................exercise e ................... clothes h ...................furniture
c ...................chicken f ................... equipment i ...................fish
**..***...............**.*.*.*.e*.*~*..*..*.*..*..*...........................**..... m Noun quantifiers
5 Write the plural form of the nouns, where possible. If it is not possible, write NP.
Use a lot o f (or lots o f - informal) with countable and uncountable nouns.
' F-
a advice .Pf.....................................
b cheese ...............................................
I need a lot o f milk.
He bought lots o f eggs at the farm. %f-J ,
C,\P
LL.r.l
Use many to talk about plural nouns in questions a i d negative sentences.
c paper ............................................... How many potatoes do you want? -.)"J#
Use much to talk about uncountable nouns In questions and negative sentences
d furniture ...............................................
I haven't got much time. I I:~'WJ@
I

rir 171 a. .
r
e information ............................................... How much money do we need?
8 8

f homework ............................................... Use some in positive and negative statements with plural nouns.
g milk ......................................... There are some pens in the drawer. y 8.
Some people just don't listen.
i,..
8.

h apple ...............................................
Use some in positive statements with uncountaQlygu~<
I'dlikesomemilkinmycoffeeplease. i L r~

6 Circle the nouns that can be countable and uncountable.

Can you give me some advice? , . , ,w., - -
Would you like to buy some socks?: ...;!b-,
#,q2,
Use some in offers and requests with uncountable and countable nouns.

f-+3, ;
..Ti,.. . '
. ,,-"., . . .
Use any with countable and uncountable nouns in questions and negative sentences.
soup stress coffee cake fruit chocolate butter clothing I I don't want any sugar.
Have you got any apples?

-
1 Match the columns.

Countable
30
' A few 24 eggs
r .
Lots 0 0 millilitres of milk
A lot of 4 tomatoes

2 Complete the table with phrases from

exercise 1.
 28 UNIT 8: Noun quantifiers

S Complete the sentences with as many words and phrases from the table as possible.

a This hot chocolate is very, very sweet so don't put my..................sugar in it.
...........................

b I love that shop. They have ...................................................... great cakes.

c ....................................................... people are learning to cook these days.
-ing nouns (gerunds)

--
d This dish has ........ butter and .............................................................. cream at all.
...............................
e ........................................................... recipes from this book, about three, are from India. Use gerunds (verb + - k g )
f ............................................................. people know this recipe, only some people in my family. I have never tried
g Is there ....................................................... milk? I don't like black coffee. Stamp collecting is a
h Are there ................................................................ biscuits? I'd like some with my tea.
I
rn
............*......................................................................... 1 Write the verbs (from the box) which you can use with the nouns. Sometimes
more than one is possible.
4 Complete the sentences with phrases from the table in exercise 2.
a books ........... dl&.,.... 4.............
a For this recipe you need .....................
R .... ................tomatoes, not .......... b films .....................................................
just two or three.
c football .............................................. listen t o ride watch
b You also need ..................................................... chicken, say 200 grams.
d horses ...........................................................
c Then you need .......................................................... olive oil. Not ....................... ... ,about two
tablespoons. e music
d Next, you need ............. ......................................... bread - two slices. f shopping ....................................................................
.
e ............................................................... salad is nlce - a leaf or two.
. g stamps ..................................................................

f You can also add ............................................................ cheese. Just ............. ............. small pieces.
h bird watching ....................................................................a- i
............................ ..
2 Label the pictures with the names of the sports.
Which two sports are not Olympic sports?
6 Can you guess what the recipe is? Check your guess at the bottom of the page.

6 Circle the right words. Decide first whether the nouns are countable or uncountable.

a I haven't got -many) free time during the week but at the weekend I have .......................
(many / lots of) time to see my friends.
b I have .............................................................. (muchlmany)friends, but only .........
( a fm/a little) good friends.
c We have to go shopping: there isn't ................................................................ (many/much)food in the fridge and
there is ........................................................... (any/no)milk at all.
d Is there ................................................................ (any/some)coffee? Yes, but we haven't got ..........
(somelany)sugar.
e In the past, I had ........................................................ ( a fewlnot many) problems sleeping. Now I haven't got
...........................
.....................(some/any)and I feel great!
 . ' -- . -

30 UNIT 9: -ing nouns [geru-l

3 Which five sports in exercise 2

are part of a pentathlon?
Complete the text with the The Pentathlon
names of sports.
* I ne moaern pentatnlon is an
Olympic sport. It consists of
competition in five events in
one day:
Prepositions of place
(a) pisfi~!!. ....sC QJ+ -\.d I
Use prepos~tlonsbetore nouns to say where something is.
(4.5 millimetre air pistol),
, J:: The bank is opposite the cinema.
(b) ........................................... - ,-.! She is in front of me.
(free style - 200 metres), I
(c) ..........................................................
(cross country - 3 kilometres).
1 Choose a word or phrase from the box to complete each Sentence.
(d) ......................................... Use each word or phrase once only.
(jumping over low walls and
other obstacles) and
(e) ...........................................
(indoor on a 18 x 2 metre in front of inside on top of next to
piste using swords).

a The Just Films building is .........&W ....

.......................................... . . .~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , . . . ~ . .
a church and a supermarket.
b The Just Films building is .......................................
4 Complete the sentences with an -ing form, Dover Street.
a I don't like ......~~JMJ
.................... football. It's too exhausting! c The Just Films building is ....................................-.-.
b I like bird , but I don't go when it's very cold. the supermarket.
c I like horse .............................................. because I've always liked horses, and I love the exercise. d The Just Films building is ........................................
the station.
d I love ............................................ books on holiday. Sometimes I finish six or seven!
e The car park is ................................. the Just Films
e I've always been interested in stamp ............................................. I've got a stamp from 1792 which is very, building.
very valuable.
f The film star is ...................................the Just Films
f If I feel bad, I .............................................. shopping. It makes me happy. building.
g My favourite activity? Sitting by the fire, ............................................. beautiful music. m g The third floor of the Just Films building
...................................................................................... is .....................................
...................................
the second floor and
the fourth floor.
S Make the verbs into -ing nouns to complete the sentences. h There are a lot of photographers ....................................... the entrance.
i There is a limousine ....................................... the Just Films building.
a I love (watch) .......... dakkig.......... the Olympic Games on television. j There's a helicopter .......................................the Just Films building.
b I need to go (shop) ............................................. for food. k There's a tunnel .................................... Dover Street.
c (smoke) ..............................................is bad for you so don't even start!
d (swim) ........................................... in the sea is usually fun.
e Do you enjoy (buy) ......................................... clothes?
f What do you think about (box)............................................. for women? *

i.
 32 UNIT 10: Prqw~itions
of place
UNIT 10: Prepositions of place 33

L Look at words and phrases that 4 Where is the ball? Use one of these prepositions to say where 6 Write as many sentences about
are used with at, in or both
the ball is in relation to the table(s). this picture as you can.
(when talking about place). Use
them to complete the task in
exercise 3.

;b Look at the pictures.

Write where the people are.

I!-J Roger

pat
Jim
~~ ~

6 Now complete these sentences about this picture.

a The computer is inside ...........fh4....WfhWd..........

b .................................... ................. is opposite the door.
c The cap is outside ..........................................................
. .
d There is ......................................................... ins~dea box.
e Below ........................................................... there is a desk.
John
f The chair is in front of .......................................................

rrepos~t~ons
ot movement
Qnsts say where something is going.
, ed up the ladder.
I Read the description of the first
minutes of a new film The
Driver. Write the correct order
of the pictures.
UNIT 11: Prepusitlorn of movement 35
2 Read Mark's directions and draw a line to show the way to his house.
7--
In the first scene Sally drives onto a fe
driving off the ferry at Jebel Ali. She d . .
through the new airport tunnel to Terminal 1. She goes into the t e & 6 a
I -
;and meets her friend.
her driving over the Ras Al Khaimah bridge. She drives
with her friend. Suddenly she turns into the desert.
-
dune and down the other side. There are two men
waiting for them....
.........................................................
B Now draw a route to Katie's house and write how to get there from Mark's.
 UNIT 12: The present slmple 37

1 Read the sentences. Underline the verbs which are in the present simple.
a She ~ELS to school, she watches TV and goes shopping with her friends, but she doesn't eat well.
b In game shows, people play games or answer questions and win prizes.

The present simple c Most people buy magazines and watch TV.
d Why do people like reality TV?
I
get up at 6.30 in the morning.
e In the famous novel Jane Eyre (1847), Jane marries M r Rochester.
m
(do not) play football on Sundays.
We
watch TV in the evening. 2 Choose the correct form of the underlined verbs to complete the sentences.
They

get(s) up at 6.30 in the morning. a I when I watch soap operas on TV. My mother ...................Ki4S........ too.
He
She (does not) play(s) football on Sundays. b I & magazines once a month, but my sister them every week.
It watch(es) TV in the evening. c My parents watch the news every night. My brother often ............................................. with them.
d In my house nobody the papers during the week, but we all them at the
Jse the present simple to talk about repeated actions and habits. Use -s when you talk about weekend.
$el she or it.
.
,':. e We don't have a college newspaper. My friend's college ................................................. one either. Maybe we can
I get up at 6.30 every morning.
She always travels to work by bus.
R'
& ir
' start one.
f Our neighbours have many TV channels, but we only five.
Jse the present simple to talk about general facts that are true and will be for some time.
We live in London.
Ana speaks three languages.
w ; - ~.
1

Jse the present simple to describe what happens in a stnrv,

Romeo sees Juliet at a big party.
They go to Mexico on holiday.
hl:
'.
i g We have a DVD recorder so I usually record my favourite documentaries. My grandmother

3 Complete the questions.

one so I sometimes ............................................
.-.............................'..........
programmes for her.
. . . .
rn
....

Jse does not (doesn't) for he, she €t it and do n I, you, we 8 they to make negative
,resent simple sentences. a What .........b........ Kirsty . d ~...... to
k be? She wants to be a model.
I don't like TV programmes very much. b What ............................. your younger sister ............................ with her pocket money? She buys books.
He doesn't play the violin any more.
~g-.v--, . ' c ............................. don't some girls ............................. well? Because they want to be thin.
I., .
d ..........................................................some people want to be thin? Because they want to look like the models in
YOU magazines.
Do we play football? Yes, we do. No, we don't. you ............................. TV? Every evening after dinner.
e ..........................................................
they
f .............................you .............................listening to the radio? I love it! I can't do anything without music.
he
rn
Does she watch W?
it Yes, it does. No, it doesn't.
 UNIT 12: The present alrnple 39

I
4 Read the article. Fill in the 6 Interview Natasha. Write questions for the answers. Read the article again if you need to.
blanks with the present simple
of the verbs in brackets.
a YOU: What ...............i s . 3....J&!.&..~W
~ ....d4....fbC....aa..!.i4ic?!j
.............. ?
...........
NATASHA: I am a T V presenter. I present Breakfast with Dermot.

I
5 Write examples from the text for
-
each use of the present simple,
b YOU: What time ......................................................................................................................................... ?

a dream j ~ b ? a, b and c. NATASHA:It starts at 6.00 and finishes at 9.15.

c YOU: What time ....................................................................................................................................... ?
a We use the present simple to NATASHA: Very early. At 3.15!
talk about repeated actions
and habits.
d YOU: .......................................................................................................................................... get up at 3.15 too?
NATASHA: NO. He gets up a little later, but we start work at the same time.
..... PbIrahg&..up....a t..............
e YOU: When ........................................................................................................................................ ?
.....3.iS............................................................
NATASHA:My friends? I see them at lunchtime - it's the only time I have!

b We use the present simple to

f YOU: ..................................................................................................................................... your job?
general facts
talk about " NATASHA: I love my job! But I don't really like the working hours. rn
...........................,.......

I
Breakfast is a programme on British television. The presenters which are true and will be for I . . . . . . . . . . . . .a*..
. . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * . . . . . . . . , .

(a) .....inwi....... (interview) people and (b) .................................... (read) some time.
7 Put the words in the correct order to write three more questions for Natasha.
the news. Millions of viewers (c) .................................... (watch) it every ................................................................................
LI, , Y , &

I
day. ......... a do / for / time / you / have / breakfast
I
Breakfast is on air live from 6.00 to 9.15 every morning. This
(d) .................................... (mean) a very early start for the presenters,
......
.....................-... ........................................... Do 3a, had3 +If%&
............... b&-! +
.................................................................................................................................
c We use the present simple to
Dermot Murnaghan and Natasha Kaplinski. Natasha describe what happens in a
(e) .................................... (get up) at 3.15. Dermot (f) .................................... (not b days / do / work / you / how many / week / a
film, book, television or radio
get up) so early but they both (g) .................................. (arrive) at the programme.
1 studios at 4.30.
First they (h) ..-.............................. (meet) with the producer of the
c your family / what / think / about / does / working hours / your
programme. Natasha and Dermot usually (i) ...............................
(interview)about 12 people every day so they (j) ....................................
( p r e p ) ~arefukly- and fast! Then, they have to make sure
I h e y look good. d you / lots of / buy / new clothes 1 do / for work
So (k)................................... theyl.@.~ik~.:. .......... (enjoy) their job? 'It's
fmt8@tlc: says Natasha. 'But the working hours are terrible.'
I N~taha[I) ........-........... .-.. (go) to bed at 8 o'clock and she
fm).,I.. +
.-., (try) to go to sleep by 9.00. When does she
..-L .*..,....- -....-. (see)her friends? At lunchtime.
\ ( 0 ).--.,.,- .....-. (net have) any other time!
, il
I'
,do yeu *rhinkp~sentingBreakfort is a dream job?
h "

.,2> '
 UNIT 13: The m t simple: s~bJt?Ct
6i O ~qu-1- I 41

2 Complete the table with examples from exercise 1.

Asking about the object: Asking about the subject:

The present simple: subject 8 Who/What with do or does 'Ilho/What without do or aoes

object questions
objtcl yucbilons wnen you wanr ro asK aD0ut the object the verb.
lhange the order o f the words (subject and object).
ICP doldoes for the present simple and did for the past s1rr11
He plays football. - What does he play?
Tolstoy wrote War and Peace. - What did Tolstoy write?
Use subject questions when you want to ask who or what does or did something.
Don't change the order of the words (subject and verb).
Tolstoy wrote War and Peace. - Who wrote War and Peace?
Tanya is playing tennis with Jane. - Who is playing tennis with Jane?
3 Read the sentences. Ask questions about the underlined sections, using the given question word.
Write the answers using the underlined words.
1 Look at the pictures and answer the questions with the people in the box.
I
Bart Simpson 'goody-goody' people a Evervbodv wants to be a millionaire. Who? e Celebrities don't like photographers. Who?
0.....d
Q: a ~ ....~kL....Iba....B....M.~.~Q&~7.................
A: ..................................................................................................................
b Everybody wants to be a millionaire. What? f Celebrities don't like photopraphers. What?

A: ..................................................................................................................
c Many people read magazines about celebrities. g Monkeys eat nuts and fruit. What?
What?
Q: ..................................................................................................................
A: ..................................................................................................................
h Monkeys eat nuts and fruit. Who?
d Many people read magazines about celebrities.
Who? Q: ...... .......................... ".................. ....................................
"

Q: ................................. .........................................

-.
I
a Who does Kenny Ion a Who does Kennj , What kind of people does
........&. ................................. ..................................................*..-..**
b Who loves Kenny? b Who admires Kenny?
...................................................
b What kind of people (proPaw
didike Kenny?
 UNIT 13: The

4 Nancy and Norah are identical twins, but they

are very different. Unscramble the lines and
complete the sentences with Norah and/or
Nancy.
a ........l\I@+!j....... likes trees and flowers.
b ................................admires Bono (and her
sister does, too, secretly).
The present continuous
c ................................ reads romantic novels.
................................reads her sister's diary
(secretly!) living in Switzerland.
d ................................ watches soap operas and They (not) studying Turkish.
.............................. watches documentaries. doing homework.
e ............................... loves Barry. ................................ She listening to music.
does too.
f Does Barry love ................................ ? No.
He only loves his rock band. Use the Dresent continuous to talk about things in proyrcs, [= h e y hme not finished)
Use amjslare + verb -ing. 8.wa*a. -

Ken3 studying Russian for a few weeks.

5 Complete the questions about Nancy and They're staying at a friend's house this weekend.
Norah. Use the verbs in brackets. Use is not (isn't) for he, she 8 it. Use are not (aren't)
Use am not ('m not) for I.
a What (like) ...............h.....~ ! W Y....! i...................
~ ? She isn't enjoying her holidays.
Trees and flowers. We aren't living in London any more. 9n- ,...
b Who (like) ................................................................................
We also use the present continuous to talk about future plans and arrangements (see Unit 181
trees and flowers ? Nancy does.
I'm seeing him tomorrow. w m
c Who (love) ............................................................................ W e ' r ~leaving on Tuesdav
Barry? Both girls do. I

d Who (love) .................................................................................. ? His rock band. Yes, I am. 1 No. I'm not. I
e What programmes (watch) ................................................................................. ? Soap operas. Yes, you are. No you aren't.
f Who (admire) ................................................................................ Bono? Both girls do. reading a book? Yes, we are. NO,we aren't.
playing football? Yes, they are. No, they aren't.
g Who (admire) ............................................................................... Nancy? Norah does.
h What (read) ............................................................................. ? Her sister's diary (secretly!)
i Who (watch) ..................................................................................television? Both girls do.
1-1 watching TV? Yes, he is.
Yes, she is.
No, he isn't.
No, she isn't.
Yes, it is. No, it isn't.

1 You can use the present continuous to talk about the present [PI, and to talk about the future [F].
Are the underlined verbs about the present or the future? Write P or F in the boxes.

a We are playing [ ] in the final on Sunday, so we're training [ ] hard.

b I'm meeting [ ] my client tomorrow, so I'm checking [ ] the plans.
c I'm practising [ ] because I'm taking [ ] my driving test tomorrow.
d I'm working [ ] hard now, but on Saturday we are having [ ] a party! ='
......................................................................................
2 Which meaning usually takes a time expression, present or future? ......................... rn
 44 UNIT 14: The present continuaus

Complete the table with the time expressions in the list. You can use some
of them with hnth future and present meaning.

lime expressions for the p r m t I Time exp.saions for the future 1M kmewew today
7

at801clock nextweek
$-, 1 on 25th May on Tuesday , The future: will

1
at this moment this week
in the summer
I1
Monday afternoon
(predictionslunplanned decisions)
I
-- -

If+-
Can you add more time expressions to the table?
For more on the present continuous for future, see Unit 18.
Jse will to make predictions about the futu we
See also going to, Unit 16.)
I think Brazil will win the World Cup., -, ,-
i& can shorten will to '11).
~:R-TT;.-,
I II I!.-'(, J,

L
She'll probably be here in a few m i n u t e s . ~ ' ~
Jse will when you make sudden unplanned dec~s~ons..-

I
4 Read these four sentences. Which ones are about regular or habitual actions? Mark them RIH. I'II call back in a few minutes.
Which are about temporary actions or actions happening at the moment of speaking? Mark them T.
It's OK, I'II wash the dishes.

a Tony lives with his parents.
b Sonya is living in Liverpool.
I
c What are you doing there? Isk questions by changing the order of will
Brazil will win the World Cup. - Will Brazil win the World Cup?
d What do you do there?
D
I I'll wash the dishes. - Will you wash the dishes?

,r
Use will not to make negative sentences (we can shorten will not to won't).
I won't see you tomorrow.

L
b Complete the sentences in the box below with 4 You interviewed Marco. Write questions for Marco's
A h ..'
the present simple or present continuous
form of the verbs in brackets.
answers. Use the present simple or the present 1
continuous.
1 Look at these pictures. r
When he was young, Marco's parents had a oh no! I forgot 7
a k k . . . d o . 3 .....~ .....@.'s ....?j.&.? What are the missing
a
to b"""'
restaurant. He loved helping in the kitchen and
Well, I know it's hard! words in the speech 4
by the age of 12 he was a pretty good cook.
bubbles?
Now, Marco (a) ...d&- (want) to be a chef - a
famous chef. But he (b) -.. (know) it is a
b .............-.............................................. m
A famous chef.
hard job. At the moment, M m (c) ......-.......-.
(train)to be a chef in college. Ta experier.,, C ...................................................................................................
in college?
(and a little money!) he (d) .,.-.--. (work) in a
restaurant at night. He (e) ....,...., (not do) I'm training to be a chef.
interesting jobs at the moment: he (f),,..,... d .................................. -.................................................................................
(wash) dishes and (g) ....,....... (prepare) things at the moment?
for the chef every day. How (h).......... he In a restaurant.
........................ (feel) about it? 'It's only temporary,%e Nhat time
says. 'And it's all part of the training.' 'The best e ................................................................................................... ~esthe film
cook I know is my mother,' Marco says. 'So I I wash dishes and help the chef. start? g:
(i) ........................ (write) down all her secrets little by f .........................................................................................................................? 7 I ................... - -"rl
little. Maybe one day I'll write a book. But at the
Because she is the best cook I know! and DO you rn~nkJamie
moment I (j) ........................ just .-.. (work) hard -..-w-k...
rh
....................
and (k) ........................ (learn) as much as I can.' , his present?
No, I'm not. But, who knows? Maybe one
day I will write one.
 UNIT 15: 'lhe future: MI1 47
UNIT 15: The future: wlll

P Write the letters of the pictures in the boxes. 5 Match what the person is saying to the pictures.

a These are predictions about the future. [hj [7 c I think you'll like this.
a He won't be here.
b These are decisions which have not been planned. d I think I'll go for a walk. [7
........................................ b I'll carry that for you.

8 Look at the phrases in bold. Which are predictions and which are unplanned decisions?
Write P or UD. Which sentences are examples of predictions? ...........................
Which sentences are examples of unplanned decisions? ............
JOHN: What do you think about the soccer game on Saturday?
MEL: Oh, I think Chelsea will win. (a) ....?....
JOHN:
MEL:
I'm not so sure. Arsenal will give them a hard time, I think. (b) ............
Do you think so? I'll buy you lunch if they win. (c) ............ 6 Com~letethis conversation with appropriate forms of the
future simple.
r
JOHN: OK. It's a deal!
RICHIE: Hey Emma! You know a lot about runners. Who
MADELINE: Hello. I'd like to speak to the manager, please.
(a) ..dill
....dh.... (win) the marathon on Saturday?
RECEPTIONIST: I'm afraid she's not here at the moment.
EMMA: Well, Mark Brown is the fastest man, so I think he
MADELINE: Will she be back later? (d) ............
(b) .............................. (get) first place.
RECEPTIONIST: Yes, she'll be in the office by 2 o'clock. (e) ............
RICHIE: What about Mike Harris? Do you think he
MADELINE: Thanks. I'll call back then. (f) ............
(c) .............................. (come) second?
MUM: If you eat any more strawberries, there won't be enough for tea. (g) ........
EMMA: No, he (d) ........................... (be) second. Fred Garrett is
RONNIE: But I like strawberries! faster than he is. Fred (e) ............................ (beat) Mike Harris.
MUM:
RONNIE:
OK, you can eat those and I'l buy some more for tea. (h) .......
Thanks, mum. I'll wash the dishes tonight. (i) ............
KICHIE: (f) ............................. the race ..........................
think?
(be) on TV, do you
b
MUM: You really do like strawberries! EMMA: Oh, yes, I'm sure it (g) ............................ (be) on TV, but I
......................................................................... (h) .............................. (be able) to watch it.

b
4 Complete these dialogues with predictions or unplanned decisions, using the verb in brackets. RICHIE: Why not?
EMMA: I (i) ..............................probably ............................ (have to) help my
Who do you think (a) .......d1
JODIE: l ....h...... (be) at the party? parents in their shop.
MARTIN: Here's what I think. James (b) .................................. (be) there, because it's his party. Kristen
RICHIE: I (j) ............................ (record) it for you and you can watch it
(c) .................................. (go), because she doesn't like James, and Richard (d) ............................... (go) later.
because he's sick.
EMMA: Thanks.
JODIE: What do we have to take?
MARTIN: I don't know. I think I (e) .................................. (take) some crisps.
JODIE: That a good idea. I (f) ................................ (make) some dip to go with them.

LAURA: I .................................. (make) a good doctor, mum?

(g) .................................
MUM: I think you (h) ................................ (be) a great doctor, dear.
LAURA: I'm worried that I (i) ................................ (pass) all the exams.
MUM: I'm sure you (j) .................................. (do) very well in the exams.
LAURA: But (k) .................................. the teachers ................................ (be) helpful?
MUM: Yes, I think they (1) .................................. (be) helpful and you (m) ............................. .....(have to) study
hard, but you (n) ................................
 UNIT 16: The future: golng to 49

1 Look at these sentences about Jodie and write past if they Jenri. Nonssommes
refer to something that happened in the past, present if they h r ~vou~ete~

refer to a situation in the present, or future if they refer to

the future.

The future: going to a Last year I went to France for a year. .......... w........
b Next year I'm going to go to Russia to learn Russian.
I
You am/ c At the moment I'm studying French at night school. .....................
We are listen to some music. d My family and I are going to buy a new house this year. ............................
They going to play football. e I've never been to Russia before. ..............................
read a book.
f My friends work in that school over there. .............................
He watch W.
She is g I'm not going to be a teacher, I'm going to be a translator. ..............................
It .................................................................
-- - 2 Read the conversation and complete it with the correct form of going to.
Jse going t o to talk about - \o is tollowed by
s. Going aninfinitiG;;erb.I
Next year I'm going to study Greek. LAURA: So, what (a) ....m . ~ ~ ) . .....$f li....b ~h~ ....................................................................(do) this weekend, Frank?
I'm going to watch n/ this evening. ....... (go) to a party on Saturday.
FRANK: Well, (b) ...................................................................................................................
Jse going to to make predictions about the future ( ~ a ~ s o < w i & ~ n i t , l ~ , )
LAURA: Great! Whose party?
I think next year is going to be fantastic.
She's probably going to get here in about 30 minute
Jse islare not going to to make nega
m
,., FRANK: My uncle John (c) ...........................................
Saturday and he and his wife (d) .......................................................................................................
(get) married on
....................................................
. (have)
sn't and aren't).
a big reception in the evening.

I I am not going to be late.

He isn't going t o travel to St Pe LAURA:
FRANK:
(e) .............................................................................................................................................
No, (f) ......... ..............................................................................................
(take) anyone with you?
(take) anyone.
I Yes, I am. No, I'm not. LAURA: Oh.
Am you FRANK: What (g) ...................... ........ (do) on Saturday?
Yes, you are. NO,you aren't.
Are we read a book?
NO, we aren't. LAURA: Nothing. (h) ............ ......... (do) anything.
they going to play football? Yes, we are.
Yes, they are. No, they aren't.
watch TV?
he Yes, he is. No, he isn't.
,ls she Yes, she is. No, she isn't.
it Yes, it is. No, it isn't.
 50 UNIT 16: The future: golng to

Look at these pictures and write

what is going to happen.

a . K9.'a..jc!ig ....~ J I ....I , .......,.....

The future: plans 8 intentions

1 Complete these conversations. Use will or going to.

GombttrtloR 1
MARTIN*: What (a)....RIC. . . do in the summer?
CARL: Well, I think (b) I' e able to get a job at my
uncle's shop.
MARTINA:(c)...................... you ......................go on holiday?
CARL: No, (d) I' ...................... save as much money as I can, because
(e) Kevin and I ...................... spend six months in Australia
next year.
4 Read these situations. Are the sentences in 1 MARTINA: That's great. (f) You' ...................... love it there. It's a great
bold true or false? Correct the sentences country.
that are false.
eamsnaim 2
a It has started to rain and Steve and Lisa
don't have an umbrella.
aA CANDY: Do you think (g) you' ...................... pass your final exams?
JIMMY: Well, (h) I' ...................... be really angry if I don't, because I've
worked really hard this term. i) I' ......................work for a top
They are not going to get wet. law firm.
CANDY: (j) ...................... you still get the job if you fail your exams?
JIMMY: Oh, (k) I ...................... fail my exams.
b David studies mathematics every day. He is very good at maths. CANDY: It's good that you're so confident.

He's going to fail the mathematics exam.

................................ ....................

2 Mark which verbs in exercise 1 talk about planned intentions (PI)

and which talk about predictions (P).
c John and Emma are wearing skis.
They're going to go swimming.

d There are black clouds everywhere and it's cold.

It's going to rain.
............................................................................................................................................................................
e Richard and Charlie are sitting at their desks with their English textbooks open.
They're going to play video games.

f The film starts at 8.30 p.m. Julia and Michael live 20 miles from the cinema. They are leaving
their house at 8.15 p.m.
They are going to be late for the film.
4 Underline the best answer to complete these S Match responses 1-8 to the questions a-h.
conversations.
a What are you going to
weekend? e]
a MANDY: What are you going to study?
b Who do you think will chess win's
I
JEFF: I will study/l'm zoing to S ~ U law.
~ V

b MUM:
MELISSA:
What are you going to do tomorrow?
I'm not sure yet. I'U probablyll'm
.

I
competition?
c Will you help me with my ha
tonight?
The ~resentcontinuous

I L
going to stay at home. d Do you know what's she's going r Tor me rururc.
continuous tense to talK
c OLD MAN: Oh, these books are heavy, study? is arriving at 6 o'clock.
YOUNG WOMAN: Do you need help? I'll/l'm e What's he going to be when he grows
They're going to Australia next week.
going to carry your books for i; UP'U
-$..Fan you help me with this maths
k. Use time expressions with the present continuous to show future plans.
you.
OLD MAN: Thanks, dear. :-* '~oblem? I'm seeing the doctor tomorrow.
d MARTHA: What are you going to will you do % o will be the next world football
champions?
1 the's appearing in a new play next
in the holidays?
PETE: We're going to/We will go to
h ~ r % & o going
u to go to Dave's party? 1 Read these sentences. Do they have future or present meanings? Write F (future) or
Spain. P @resent) in the boxes.
MARTHA: That's nice.
a Are you still looking for a job? a d What are you doing under the table? (7
e MIKE: I don't know what to write. I have b Julie's taking a photography course e Are you enjoying your work?
to write a letter. all week.
LISA: I have an idea. Give me that pen - s4Janewill beat ~ i k A f I can't go out tonight. I'm babysitting my
I'll/l'm going to write the letter for read the problem a a c They're showing the same film at the cinema baby sister. (7
again next week.
you. khat you don't under
.................-.. . . g Everybody's getting a job this summer.
...
....
I
MIKE: Thanks. ' 5 We'] J to visit my gra . .........-.*............ . . . I . . .

16 It's goi be a tough com

f DARREN: Right. Here's my plan. I'm going
but I t Sa z i ~will win. 2 Write each sentence twice, once with present meaning and once with future meaning.
to get some painters to paint the Use time expressions from the box.
house./l'll paint the house. a firefighter.
LOUISE: That sounds great. 1'11 help you/l'm c We are doing some grammar exercises.
going to help you, if you like.
DARREN: That would be great.
I morning this week

...................................... 1 a We're watching a DVD. d He's working on a new project.

1
- ....a....Q
k..datkiqq n ,a d...,... (pent....1.................................................................................
.d. ..............................................
O Complete the sentences with going to or will. 4 1
.,LJiA+...w~a+&i~ ...+CIA&+ ...... LfLk~ye).........
...a....?I0 .....................
...........................................................................................................

a Stop! You're going too fast. You're $i~J....kf+?.., b I'm taking an English lesson. e Are you working?
To Mexico. We ............................stay there for
fall off your bike! .................................................................................................................................... 'Z
three weeks.
b Oh, dear. I can't do this English homework. I think I .......................... have the roast lamb. I'
I ........................... fail! Does that come with vegetables? I
c Oh, it's not so hard! Come on, I ............................ ............................ you ............................ go to the class 4.
...............................................................................
help you. party on Saturday night? 3 Write three fun things you are doing this week and three things you don't really want to do.
d Which film do you think ............................win the I don't know. I ............................ decide on
Oscar for Best Film? Saturday morning. Examples: I'M ha4t-d~a @ on &hrda~. .................................._.................................................................................................
e I ........................... watch TV tonight. I ............................ I ............................ tell you a secret, but you
finish packing for the holiday. mustn't tell anyone else.
f Where .......................... you ............................go on holiday I ........................... tell anyone else, I promise.
this year?
;4 UNIT 18: The present continuous

Look at Matthew's diary for the week. Write questions and answers.

I he present pertect simple

g ~ s the
e present perfect simple to talk about things that started in the past and which are still true.
Use have + past participle for I, you, we 8 they, and has + past participle for he, she 8 it.
1 have always loved chocolate.
- 'F
He's never won a competition.
Use the present perfect to talk about something that happenzd in the past, but which is still
important for the present. y8:+
I've bought a new car.
They've arrived!
Use have not (haven't) with I, you, we 8 they, and has not hasn't) with he, she 8 it to make $, 4

L
negative present perfect sentences. :;
I haven't been to India.
She hasn't called me.
- J -

acted in a play?
Yes, I have.
Have you ever climbed Mount Everest?
No, I haven't (have not).
met a famous person?

Q: 1 .....................................................................................................................................................
a ~ ~ ~ . . . i ~ . . .....h e.....bb~........................................................
~h)g on Monday? 1 Match the questions and
I I answers in this online interview. A: My name is Nadia Burton. I'm 22 and I'm from London.
.b.s...~?g...h...
&...EI~na.b~&.s ....M&33..3fl~ ........*
Q: 2 ....................................................................................................................................................
b ..................................................................................................................................... on Tuesday?
A: I've lived in London all my life, but I have travelled to a lot of
In the morning ...................................................................................................................................... different countries and done a lot of interesting things.
In the evening ......................................................................................................................................... Q: 3 .....................................................................................................................................................
c ................................................................................................................................... on Wednesday? A: I've visited most countries in Europe, except Sweden, Norway
.
First, ..................................................................................................................................... Then and Denmark. I really want to go there.
..................................................................................................................................... Q: 4 .................................................................................................................................................
d .....................................................................................................................................on Thursday? A: My favourite country is the Czech Republic.
................... ............................................................................................................in the morning, u Q:S ................................................................................................................................................
and ...................................................................................................................................... tried? A: I went there in 2004 and I loved it.
b What are your hobbies?
e .....................................................................................................................................on Friday? c When did you become a Q: 6 ....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................,then vegetarian? A: I'm a travel agent, so travel is my job and my hobby. When I'm
d Which country did you like not travelling I like to cook. I love to try unusual food.
...................................................................................................................................... best?
f .....................................................................................................................................on the weekend? canyou tell us Q: 7 .....................................................................................................................................................
-
about yourself? A: I have eaten a lot of unusual fruits and vegetables like star fruit,
.....................................................................................................................................on Saturday, and
f What countries have you but there are a lot of meats that I have never eaten, because I am
..""...."'.......... ............................................................................................................on Sunday. visited? a vegetarian.
g How long have you lived in
Q: 8 ....................................................................................................................................................
rn London?
h When did you go there? A: About five years ago. I haven't eaten meat for five years.
 56 UNIT 19: The present perFect simple

4 Complete these conversations with the 3 Complete the sentences with the correct form
present perfect or the past simple. of the verb in brackets.

a Oh no! My bag ................................ (go)! I

................................(leave) it here a minute ago.
b Petra! I ................................(not recognise) you!
................................you .............................. (lose) weight? The present perfect with since 8 for
c Yes, I ................................ (be) on a diet for the last I
few weeks. lived in Paris since 2001.
You
I I
H-
d Can you help me with my English? I played football yesterday.
.............................. (forget) when to use the past
(not) enjoyed TV
Conversation 1 simple, and when to use the present perfect. been t o my friend's house for three years.
MIKE: (a) ................................ you ever ................................ e Sorry, I can't. I ................................ (give up) English
She has
five minutes.
(eat) octopus? a year ago. I ............................... (forget) everything listened to his music
about grammar.
LAURA: Yes, I (b) ................................ (try) it last year. . .
f They ................................ (open) a new Internet caf6 muse since to talk about a specific timerin the past.
MIKE: (c) ................................you ................................ (like) it?
next to my flat last month. But I ................................ I haven't seen him since Friday.
LAURA: Yes, it (d) ................................ (be) delicious. (not be) there yet.
She's been in Greece since January.
-g On holidav in France- mv -French
- ------
- .-.----I Use for t o talk about a period of time.

C
(improve) a lot. But now I'm
............................. They've lived in England for three years.
back home it ................................ (get) worse again.
h I ................................ (fail) my driving test. I I
- I haven't had a coffee for two hours.

............. (feel) really upset this morning, 1 Read the information and complete the task which tollows.
but I ............................. (just speak) to the
instructor about it and I feel a lot better

I'
now.
rn Carlton Joseph: fashion designer
4 Make sentences. Use the past simple or the f.
Conversation 2 present perfect. Carlton Joseph is a fashion designer, but not just any fashion
television, he writes books, and he owns his own fashion hause.
'
CINDY: 1 (a) ................................ (see) a great film last
a you 1 hear / the news? The Prime Minister /
night. It's called Escape from the resign.
Born in 1980, Carlton started designing clothes when he1
clothes store, and Carlton used to work there at the weekend,
Edge. (b) ............................. you ................
(see) it? b Long ago / the Egyptians / use /
hieroglyphics / for communication. When he was 21 someone suggested doing a TV progra
BRAD: No, I (c) ................................ (not be) to the
cinema for a long time, but I c I / not see / you 1 for ages. / You / be / away? 'Carlton's clothes' in 2004, and he wrote his first book in the s
(d) ................................ (go)
wriien four more. Carlton got married to TV producer Susan
d I /just / come back 1 from Italy. Three months ago Carlton started his new company. He
to the theatre last week.
At work Carlton always wears black trousers and a black
CINDY: Really? What (e) ................................ YOU
e Alexander Graham Bell / invent / the
telephone. goes out - he wears clothes with bright colours (red, blue an
............................... (see)? keen on new glasses - he buys a new pair every few weeks. '1 like
BRAD: It (f) ................................ (be) a play called f you / finish / reading / that book / yet? day,' he says.
A Merry Life. g Yes, / I / lend / it / to Gavin / yesterday. Carlton started wearing- glasses
- when he was 12. He dyed his hair red
18. It is still red, and this year, for the first time, he has grown a beard. 'My wife lib%:
that's why,' is his explanation. But his beard is black!
 Make sentences about Carlton with since or for. 4 Read this paragraph and answer the
questions below.
a Carlton has been a fashion designer ...........S~~!.%...l??i
...............
b He's been a TV star ....................................................................................................
c He's had his own company
d He's been a writer The past simple
e He's worn glasses Use the past simple t o talk about things in the past that are
f He's had a beard .................................................................................................
I finiqhed/completed. Use -ed at the end o f the verb.

-
We played tennis yesterday afternoon.
g He's had red hair ......................................................................................................... I She talked about football this morning.
h He's been married ......................................................................................................... You in the past simple tense do not have
He listened to music. -ed endings.
............................................... She lived in Paris. I met John at a party last
'1 't

2 Complete these phrases with for or since. It read a book. They saw a film on TV
We studied Turkish. Use did not (didn't) to make negative past sl'mple sentences.
Hi! I'm Lydia Brow11and I'm from
a I've known him ......... fk...... four years. London. I moved to Paris five years ago You watched TV. I didn't see Sarah a t the party.
They
b We've lived here ........................ I was a child.
c She waited for him ........................ 25 minutes.
and I moved back to London three
months ago. I'm an executive for a music
He didn't finish hi
On "--
I Yes, I No, I
d They've been married ........................1988. YOU do some homework? yes, you No, you
e It's been three years ........................ I last saw her. My hobbies are Capoeira and dancing. ' he listen to music? Yes, he No, he
started classical ballet when I was little Did she live i n Paris? Yes, she she
f I haven't been here ........................ we were both ten years old. did. didn't.
and 1 also do modern dance. I've never it read a book? Yes, it ~o,it
g She has been so worried about it ........................you told her. No, we
tried tap dancing, but I have always we play football? Yes, we
e!
..................................................
a Write for or since.
--
wanted to, ever since I was a child.

a How long did Lydia live in Paris?

I
YOU
they
study Turkish? Yes, you
Yes, they
No, you
No, they

1 Write the base form of the verbs.

a I'm really hungry! I haven't eaten ........fk........ ages. fbf ....f i d & . Y ...................................................
............. ~
b I know. I haven't had anything to eat ...................... 7.00 am, b How long has she lived in London? a laughed ...!@@I
.... d wanted ................. g felt ............................ j met ........................... m wrote .........................
either. b memorised ................... e forgot ......................... h g a v e ......................... k put ...........................
c Have you had that jacket ........................long? c How long has she been doing her c repeated ..................... f found ...................... i had ........................ 1 tried ........................
d I've had it ........................ last summer. present job?
e I've known Nicola ........................ ten years.
I.aL
a-* with verb. in the correct form, from exercise I .
Cnrnniate
f Really? That must be ........................you were at secondary
school, then.
d How long has she studied classical
ballet?
1 I (a) . . e W an ...- nd in the street. bne ................... me ner pnene nurnvr:
........ I ( -I
r

g He played for Arsenal ........................ five years.

4
I didn't (c) ...................... it down but I (d) ............................ .it and (e) .....,... !....................it rnaily

1
h But since 2005 he's played ........................ Juventus. e How long has she wanted to try tap times in my head. The next day I [f ................to phone my ki@ but I couldf~'t

i We've had cable TV ........................1999. dancing? i remember the number. Luckily I [g) ............her in the p h q n . ~ 6 ~She k . laughed.

j It's ten years ........................my grandma dieci. i 'Of course you (h) ...................... the number. Why didn't you wii:te:@dawn?At school
you always (i)...................... a terrible memory,' she said. I (j) 3
j silly. Did I really
. ! C

have a terrible memory then? Well, not any more! Now, whet&fid. , I (k) ......................
my keys?
3 Complete the questions. Write the correct
form of the verbs in brackets.

a What is your earliest memory of school? What

.happed (happen) that day? Who .........................
.
you .......................... ? (meet) What ........................... (be)
the names of your first friends? Who
The past continuous
...........................your favourite teacher? (be)
I
b Can you ride a bicycle, use a tin opener, or use living in Switzerland.
YOU was
a mobile phone? How long ago ......................... you We were studying Turkish.
.......................... (learn) those things?
c Pick an important event in the history of your
They
He
(not) doing homework.
listening to music. I night.
They were living in Arg&a i&t year.

country. When exactly ......................

........................... ? (happen) What .................. the
.....the event She
It
was
egative past continuou -6,.
se was notlwere not (was;', &er&nlt)to make

I wasn't listening t o E B F m a t i o n at that

moment.
people ......................... ? (do) 1 Complete Polly's story with the past continuous
form of the verbs in the box. 1
d When ........................... you last ........................
(use) the
phone to call someone who is not a friend? ork look up get have not help do I P Past continuous or past simple? Complete Laura's
Why .......................... you ...........................? (phone) story with the correct form of the verbs in the box.
What ................. (be) the phone number? ---- - STORY
DT.I.Y'S -
d hear hang up help write
m reaUy angry with Lwra. L d ~ week t wt
not do ring talk arrive rn
t ........&i%..
3 ......r ~ y........ ... a prgjcct
gether. We agreed to meet ah my house on
rursday d we s
i she M e d .
W to work as soon

when we (b) .........................................................

'd,
I
Y mob& rang. She m& some exccnse
N very snon mograpny mt hdpmg her W e r at his shop,
Sigmund Freud was born on 6 May, 1856 in Freiberg (now Pribor, Slovakia). But he d Left.
(a) .Ad....!ld...!i!!4, (not live) in Freiberg for long. When he (b) ..................................... (be)
hen she Left I continued to work.
four, his family (c) .................................. (move) to Vienna, Austria.
~t when Sarah saw her bhcr, she
He (d) ..................................... (live) in Vienna most of his life. He moved to England in
;) .................................................................. w+ with Joe!
1938, after the Nazi invasion.
was r* angry! W h i I wu
Sigmund Freud (e) .................................... (have) two much older half-brothers (from his
f,) .......................................................... on our pr~ject,she
father's first marriage) and seven brothers and sisters.
5) ..............................................................fun wikh Joe!
At 17, Freud (f) ................................. ... (start) university. He (9).-................... (study)
medicine. He (h) ................................... (graduate) from the University of Vienna and ,nd. &en she phoned on Snddy when I
became a doctor. But he (i) ..................................... (not like) medicine. He (j)................................... f) ..................... .................... .....................................
I (be) interested in people with emotional problems. he Intern&, you know f%r the
he said, 'How is it going?' I just said, 'I
dn

In 1886, Freud (k) ..................................... (marry) Martha Bernays. They had six children.
Freud worked with Josef Breuer. In 1895 they published a book, Studies in nn't w a n t to work with you a.ny more. Do
Hysteria. It was about a 'talking cure' they (I)..................................... (use) with their patients. p r p r ~ j & with Joe.' And, I hung up. 50
It was the beginning of psychoanalysis. low we are not tulking. And you know what
Freud's work is still very important today.
Sigmund Frnlld (m) .................................... (die) in London in 1939.
 62 UNlT 22: The past continuaus UNlT 22: The past continuws 63

3 Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form: the past simple or the past continuous.
6 Complete the sentences. Use the past continuous of the verbs in brackets.
a When I fell off my bike, I (hurt my shoulder).
a When Polly . . . .heard......... (hear) about Laura and Joe, she ...........................(get) jealous.
W h I @loff3biLu J.............................................................................................................
..................................................................... I hcuC,~ry,dd&.
b When Sarah ......................................................... (see) Laura, she ....................................................... (have) coffee
with Joe. b When I saw them, they (hold hands).
c while Laura ................... ... (have) fun, Polly ......................................................... (work) on .................................................................................................................................................................................................
their project. c When I saw Melissa, she (go to the hairdresser's).
d Polly and Laura .................................................... (talk) when her dad ............. (ring). ..................................................................................................................................................................................................
e What ..................................................... Laura ..................................................... (do) when her brother d At 8 o'clock yesterday evening, I (have dinner).
................................................ (arrive)?
..........................................................................
f Polly ...................................................... (get) angry when she ....................................................... (hear) about
Laura's coffee with Joe. e When the teacher came into the classroom, I (send a text message).
g Polly and Laura ......................................................... (not talk), so we ...................... .._..............
................_... .......................................................
_.. ...................................................................................................

(not enjoy) the party much. f When I saw her at the party last night, she (wear some new boots).
............................ ..........................................*....... ........................... ___ ............................................................................................
.......................................................................
4 Copy these time lines. They - - g When I saw him at the ticket office, he (buy tickets for the show).
represent time passing. Write
the verbs in the sentences b-d
a k i -'
workhq at my house, her mobile rang.
-

above the lines like in a, and I . L h When we saw them at the club, they (dance).
.

note how long the verb was a

ww@m,--.---. -
now (the present)
happening.
"
eY
. .mesent)
now (the

om %.@%kywhen I was Iookng up things on

6 Complete this story with the past continuous tense of the verbs in brackets.

now (the present)

-now (the present) ..
It war a cold winter's night. It (a) ......dcy\.k..,,...........@?@I% .......... (rain) but it was
was having funI with Joe. very windy. I (b) .......................................................... ..,... (sit) on the sofa watching a film on
TV. It was really scary: a girl (c) ........................ ...................................... (babysit) late at
- 99eaamm now (the present) night. She (d) ................................................................. (watch) a F h , too. The phone rang
>& now (the present)
and a man's voice said: 'Go check on the baby.' This happened several times.
. The girl ran to the baby's room: the b&y vmWt there! It was a frightening film!
ft~~~ss~~nmshemived.
I At that moment my phone rang. My heart raced, and my hands were
,.
" now (the present) sweating. I picked up the phone but - -.
all I heard were funny noises: some
people (e) .......................................................... ,.Fa- ,,..,.-v....... jtaIk), others
pmi "-, ' w
R now (the present) (f ) ................................................................................. i ~ i h ~ g hsomeone ),
(g) .............................................................. (scream ut nobody answered. I was so scared!
A few minutes later I heard a noise: somebody
(h) .......-....-.....-...... .................................. (try) to o p a the door!
But it was only my sister. She (i) ........;k,. -.,. ,. .........-........................(try) to open the
door in the dark. I told her about the phone. She laughed. 'It was my mobile,'
she said. 'I pressed your number by mistake and I only noticed as I
(j) ................................................................. (park) the car. Sorry!'
 9

UNIT 23: The past cantinuous & past simple 65

I 3 Use these words to make questions in the past continuous. Use capital letters where necessary.

3 the window cleaner I do I what

Ihe past continuous 8 past s i m ~ l e b you I do I at 7 o'clock I yesterday morning I what

1 Look at the picture carefully.
What happened at seven o'clock : stand I the man / where
yesterday morning? Choose the
correct answer.
d the people / wait for 1 what
a A van crashed into a gorilla.
b A van crashed into another car.
c A gorilla escaped from a van. e the children I go 1 where
d A gorilla went for breakfast.
PI f everybody I look at 1 what
.............................
g the gorilla I walk 1 in the street 1 why
.......................................................................................................................................................... ?
.............................................................................
!"
1 4 Cover the picture on page 64. Mark these sentences T (true) or F (false).
Then correct the false statements.
S2 Look at the picture again. What
were the people doing at seven a The man at the corner was reading a book.
?
o'clock yesterday morning? F .,,,,. ,..,v~m...L...dg ....h....d6....d g....a....- A
....A ....hdc3 ............................................................
Complete each sentence with
b Everybody was looking at the gorilla.
................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

c A woman was bringing in the newspaper.

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................

d The children were riding their bikes to school.

...................................................................................................................................
.......... .....u.@.ig.... ..... ................................
b A man .............................................................................................................................................. his dog. e The baker was standing outside his shop.
c A group of children ..................................................................................................... to school. ......... ..............................................................................................................................................................................

d Three people ................... f A man was walking a large dog.

..................................................................... for the bus.
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
e A boy .................................................................................................... newspapers on his bike.
f A man ............................................................................................................................. g The children were wearing jeans.
on the corner.
g A woman .................................................................................................................................. the milk.
h Two girls ................................................... ................................
............................................................ . . .
i The baker .............................................................. ............................. outside the bakery.
j Somepeople ..................................................... .............................................................
in a cafk.
 67
Past simple UNIT U :The pest cuntlnlrws & past simple

S Read the article.

7 Complete the questions with the correct form of the verbs in brackets, past simple or past continuous.
Complete the
sentences with the . .
correct form (past It was a lovely morning. When I left the house the sun ..................Brian................,.
a A: What . . . . . . . . . u~gj
. when you ? (do, arrive)
simple or past (a) .................................. (shine) and I (b).................................
B: He was washing his car.
continuous) of the (feel) happy. But the feeling didn't last long. ? (do, arrive)
verbs in brackets.
- When I (c) ................................. (arrive) at the station, lots of
people were waiting to buy a ticket. The man
(dl ................................. (close) his ticket window just as
A: What .........................................................he ......................................................
B: He offered me a cup of tea.
b A: What ............................................................. you
when you .......................................................

when you
............................................................. the
I got there. 'Sorry. It's my tea break: he said. accident? (do, see)
The train was leaving when I (e) .................................. B: I was driving home.
(get) t o the platform. The next train was packed. ... when YOU the
.....................................................
A: What .............................................................you
I (fj .................................. (stand) all the way, while some accident? (do, see)
children sat comfortably. No one (9) ................................
B: I phoned for an ambulance.
(offer) me a seat. Children are so impolite these days!
c A: What you ................ about when the alarm clock
I1 A woman was standing next to me. She
(h) ................................. (read) her paper when a child put his
.............................................................? (dream, ring)
---

hand in her bag. 'Thief!' I shouted. 'That boy is taking your

B: I was dreaming of you.
purse!' But the bay was the woman's son. Well, I (i) ................................ only .................................. A: w h a t YOU when the alarm
.............................................................
(try) t o help. ............................................... ? (do, ring)

When 1 left the station it (j) ................................. (rain). People were pushing and running. 8 : I threw it out of the window!
d A: What .................... .
I
When lLgotto the office, I certainly &I ....................................................... (not mile) anymore. ................................. your friend ..................................................... . when you
7
............................................................. home? (watch, get)
..................................................................................... B: A football game.
6 Read the article again. Find sentences to match the patterns.
A: What .............................................................
you when
............................................................. you .................................................

Past simple - happened

Past continuous - was happening
there? (watch, be)
B: The same football game!
=
.. ....... ..'
. . . .

Pattern 1 8 Correct the mistakes in the sentences. One verb in each sentence is in the wrong tense.
Something was happening when something else happened.
LJ~S p d s i t u j
a ....1mdg.....d
rh....tmb.....&~xi en....d.3d....t o....the...platf.m............... a S h e p w s k s the piano when Jack came home.
b When I was arriving, they were having tea.
c I was revising for the English exam when you were ringing.

Pattern 2 d While I waited for the bus, there was a road accident.
Something was happening whilelwhen something else was happening. e When you saw me last night, I went to the bookshop.
f When I saw them at the theatre, they had a drink at the bar.

Pattern 3
Two things happened at the same time.
 7

-
UNIT Z4: used to 69

1 Read the quotes. How old is Mrs Hall - around 60, around P Read the quotes in exercise 1.
80 or around 100? YL Complete the table.
. - ~ , -

We didn't use to

used to have a car. They we. - . :

expensive!
Aflirmative:
-

- - We didn't have a
ahone. There used to
Jse used t o to talk about repeatf ~ctionsana
You
feelings in someone's past life. Us., to is followed by % be just one in our F*
He play tennis. ,
an infinitive verb.
She used to live in a flat.
We used t o go to the cinema every Friday.
It go to work by bicycle. Buildings used t o be smaller in those days.
We
You
They

I Use did not talan.rj to make negative used

I
You
He play tennis. t o sentences. Don't use the -d ending.
She didn't use to live in a flat. I didn't use to like TV, but now I do.
It go to work by bicycle.
I They didn't use to go to school.
We
You
They We used to watch a
film occasionally
Films were silent
I
I I L then.
YOU
YOU You
he play tennis?
he he
Did she use to live in a flat?
Yes, she did. No, she didn't.
it go to work by bicycle? it it
we
we we
YOU 3 Write the correct form of used to with the words in brackets to complete the sentences.
YOU YOU
they
they they a The Halls ..\)5d.... k~....h ~ d(have)
~ . a family holiday at the beach every summer. Then the children grew
Ask questions
crder of the words.
a,lllY
Jid anc
q 4,y ). Change the
b up and everything changed.
b They ............................. (not go out often). But they had lots of fun. The whole family ................................. (play
-- - b.d board games) together. Television changed all that.
1 I '
We used to go to the &ek$j~kw~. knaay.
I c Mrs Hall loved the fashion in the 1950s. Women ................................. (wear fun clothes) and ..................................
. FT - Did YOU use to go to thedtnema every Fr~aayc (have interesting hairstyles). Mrs Hall ............................... (love dancing) rock and roll. She is too old to
I .
Buildings used to be small&?~~;those days. dance now.
-
-. 8
. - Did buildings use to be mdllbr in those days? d In the 1960s, Mrs Hall got her first car. She .................................. (not drive) before that.
 70 UNIT Z4: used to
4 Write sentences from this
Believe it or not, I used to plapin a
rock band! We used to 'lay
and clubs. Then 1 got married so I leh
the band. I used to miss playiw
terribly. But I don't anymore. IBT~W*I
usuauy 'lay my guitar just at M~
a .I....~d....ka....play....in A,...&
..w!..
..........................................................
b ....................... ,..-.......................................
Present habits
Completed actions
'6 Put the words and phrases in the correct order to make
sentences about fashions. Add used to or didn't use to in the
correct places, and Put in any necessary capital letters.
:lever1 or have learned them).
She can speak Turkish.
He can't run very fast.
I can see you at 11 o'clock tomorrow.
We can't connect to the Internet from this computer-
Did you know?
Can you open the window?
a until the 1960s I British businessmen / wear / bowler hats /
.-.~ ~ ! w M . . . G ~ . .,~~...bo~.~...hk.,
&nfih ~o... ,.g&l ....$.h,eeeiq
b some ancient kmxms 1wash / very often / their hair / they /
on 13 August, 1 it 1 only 1 wash 1 the birthday of the
..........................................................................................................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
come this evening? NO, she might not.
play in the football team?
c their wont enemy / the ancient Egyptians / a picture of Might it
pass the exam? we will.
paint / inside their sandals I Will we
..................................... .................................................................................................................................
d in the 1970s / egg, butter or toothpaste / punks / in their
hair 1put 1they 1 painted it 1 with food colouring or spray
Use modal verbs without another auxiliary verb to make ~es/noquestions,
...................................................................................................................................................................... Change the order of the words.
.in.. .....
e in the 19th century / very tight corsets / women / wear / to could play the guitar when I was six. - Could YOU play the guitar when You were six'
look thin faint some women / or break their ribs 1 1'11 see you tomorrow. - Will I see YOU tomorrow?
.
-
......................................................................................................................................................................
For open
when questions useyou?
will I see words like when..fipt,
. I . hpwoffienl etc.
.....................................................
6 Ask questions about the fashions in exercise 5. Use the correct
form of used to. .......,...,....,...............................--.~-...w.----~~---*-----m-*--*
a what ........... M....B K W..... .....c~k.,,.~ro
..,., +w
...................... ?
1 Circle the correct answer.
Bowler hats.
b HOWoften ......................................... ................................................................................ ? a C a n e y o u swim when you were four years old?
Only once a year!
b Can/Could you speak English when you were eight Years old?
c Why .................................................................................................................................................... ?
Sorry, I'm busy, so I can'tlcouldn't come out with you tonight.
Because then they could walk on them all the time, I suppose.
d When
.............................................................................................................................................. ?
On 13 August, the birthday of the goddess Diana. e ~ ' mafraid I canlcan't help you.
e Why ...................................................................................................................................................
Because their corsets were too tight.
 72 UNIT 25: Modal verbs: can & canY

2 Complete the table with

sentences a-g.

a We can meet outside the I to talk about abilities or

library.
I can 'f d his
. (don't)
.
b Can
. .
you bring your laptop I
1 thinqs
- .people
how to do
know
Modal verbs: could 8 managed to
with you?
c I can't come to the phone
right now. 2 to say Lor ask) it sometning I I could
speak Italian when I was four, but I can,tmn5w. '

d
I
d I can't put a photograph into is possible Use could not'(couldnlt) to talk about things people were unable to do.
my computer document - they We couldn't understand a word when he spoke to us yesterday.
didn't show me how! Use managed to to talk about things you could do in the end, but which were difficult.
e Can you print photos from I managed t o finish the test, but i t was difficult.
your computer? Use did r-+(didn't) manage to to make negative 'managed to' sentences.
3 to ask someone to do
f I can't read this document - something '+ ianage to A n mv homework last niaht.
it's in Swahili and I don't
I Use could, couldn't, managed to, or didn ! Complete the sentences about Pei-ling. Use could,
speak Swahili.
manage to to complete the sentences. couldn't, managed to or didn't manage to to
g Can you play the viola? complete the sentence. (Pei-ling is from Taiwan.)
a Jon wanted a new TV. He ............@....f~ ............
save to buy One with a plasma a At the age of four she .........................UUId .........................
screen. He is very proud of his new TV.
S Match the sentences with the meanings.
-
1 b At the age of five, Rachel ..........................................................
read the newspaper.
b At the age of six she ............................................................................
a Abilitie: use a word processor and she ................................................
b Know how to 2 Can you print this for me, please? record programmes from the television.
play computer games.
1 c Possibility 1 13 Can you use this software-?- I
I
c At the age of eight she .........................................................
I d Request Can you type without looking at the keyboard? But at the age of 12 she .................................................................
1 -
......................................................................................
- - speak English well and she ...............................................
multiply or divide without a calculator.
understand texts in Spanish.
4 Rewrite these sentences using can or can't. c Matthew ............................................................understand
d By the end of primary school she ................................
what the problem was with his email.
a With this software it is possible to design ................................................................... do algebra (but she
e Rizwan is good at taking photos of plants. He .......................................................................get through to the
posters, but it is not possible to make them in ............................................................................ ride a bike!).
colour. helpline only after trying for hours.
e In secondary school she ...............................................................
.............................................................................................................................. d Mia's computer crashed but she .......................................
skip a year at school.
f I know how to fix a computer quickly. save most of her documents.
f At 13 she ............................................................................ beat
b Do you know how to download music from Unfortunately, she ............................................................................
the Internet? adults at chess and she ...........................................................
.............................................................................................................................. save her address book so she ................................................
win an international chess competition.
g Howa is definitely not good at mixing music.

I
write to her friends.
..............................................................................................................................
g Last year she ............................................................................ pass
e Martha worked very hard, but she ..................................
c Please help me with this program. her university entrance exams, but she still
.............................................................................................................................. pass her exam. It was surprising because in the
............................................................................ ride a bike.
I li 1
h Please take the CD out of the machine. past she ................................................................. always pass .!
............................................................................................................................. ?
exams easily.
d Is it possible to take photos with this mobile?
a
-. -- . -- I~~UUUI

Mark the sentences 1 or 2,depending on their meaning.

vemei: CPUId & managed to
F3q"'v:-
, A.: , - yc::..
",a:
.
UFLf - >&.!
-
,<,
+-: : ti-
@, -=
>*!.
4.
- &
. - v.. , ,-p. ;. =T??-.:

!--
,- .
. .

L~U~:;
8 .
7,,
..

--.
~

.
-

-
-

,
.

. - 8
b

"P

-
..

M#nkrpcr
1 talking about abilities in the past
2 talking about things that were difficult to do but which, once, you did

a Jim could climb up palm trees when he was young. ........i

........
b Kris managed to open a window and got into the house. ....... Modal verbs: probability
- modals
--- -

c Did you manage to solve the puzzle? .....................

d They couldn't fix Maria's MP3 player. ..................... II I I ) Use the modals will, might, could, may €t won't to
You could 1talk about how probable the future is.
I'll see you tomorrow. (= I am 100%
He couldn't
She come this evening. I won't see you tomorrow. (= I am 100010
4 Read the text. Underline the correct may
It might play in the football team. certain that I won't)
verbs. m!H
................................ We will pass the exam. I might see you tomorrow. (= I am 50% certain)
I could/may see you tomorrow. (= I am 40%
You won't
5 Complete the sentences. Use could,
couldn't, managed to or didn't
They I I
manage to.
1 Read the sentences and answer the questions.
ids these days can
a Last night I finally ...W@.... ) things I ( a ) could/ a I think Terry will win the race. most probable
get to Level 6 of this game! ~uldn't/managed b Charles might win the race. 4
I
/didn't manage to c Jack could win the race.
b ......................................................... you use a
at their age. Some d Murray may win the race.
least probable
i
computer when you were 102 ings I still can't do. e Bob won't win the race.
c When Kevin was at school, he 'eel a bit silly
metimes. 1 Which sentence talks about a prediction that you think will definitely happen? .........a........
.............................................................. spell, but .................
Yesterday I wanted to do&,uvau some music. 2 Which sentence talks about a prediction that you think certainly won't happen?
now he can. I (b) could/couldnJthnanagedtoldidn't manage to find the I
3 Which sentences talk about something that is possible, but less likely to happen? ......................
d I phoned Jean lots of times, but I correct website but (c)could/couldn't/mlzaged toldidn't
manage to put it onto my MP3 player. My eight-year-old ......................................**...........................................
............................................................... speak to daughter was watching, amused. Later she asked 'Did you
her. She's never in! manage to put your music onto your h4P3 player, dad?' L Who will arrive home first?
e Irene lost some computer files and
II 'Yes,' I said. 'I(d) muld/couldn?/managed to/didn't manage
to do it perfectly well, thank you.' Complete these sentences with one of these verb forms.
she ............................................................... get
them back. 1: wad the manual sgah but 1still (e) & ~ ~ r c l d ~ W
mdwgr4 d & m t m m g e to undtm5gnd anpthmg in E ~ C
f She ............................................................... type end i had to a-dr her to help. She did it in a minute. k t
with her eyes shut in those days. then she (0 wuMm~Ed)~MMna&t d d h ' t i n a n y ro use
a cornpurer st 5 and she (g) cowi&mu&'-gtd td
g Vanessa ............................................................... dklt't m m ~ ~ gfoercmd progmmmes on TV at 6. k lor the
understand the instructions a t all. hlktlXt, $he (h) rou@c~uldn-d fddr;i~'tncrfWgC
3 0 aec it for homework ages ago. a 1 &ink Ellie ...*@J ....mad...& .....................................

-
h Did they .............................................................
b Matt ...........................................................................................................................

install the new software?
i Can you believe it? Johnny
....
watches when he was five!
I i
It's amazing, isn't it? But she (i) could/couldn't/managed to/
.........
didn't manage to learn the arithmetic times tables until c Charlie .......
yesterday. Hey, what's 8 times 6? d Alice ..............
................................. repair
e Kevin ...........
I
 76 UNIT 27: Modal ve-: pmbabllity modale

9 Look at these pictures. Write three sentences about what you think the pictures
could, might or may be.

Verb patterns: -ing verbslto + infinitive

1 Match the toys with the people.

You
We
hate
like
listening.
playing football.
I TOYS were us 1
They

- -
He taking exercise.
She loves watching TV.
It

When we use two verbs.

1 together the second verb IS
often verb + -ing.
I I love playing football. ;-M to spend m o ~ bbk a p i t a l . I lay
&re doing nothing for days+ hated being
I hate listening to music. b e . Then one day the nur brought me
............................................... ............................................................................................................ With some verbs the second lme of those cubes to k&d "' busy. It was 1
.........................................................*....................... verb is always -kg. -.=fly, really difficult but I,*it in the end -
I don't enjoy watching TV. Tmd then I changed it all a
4 Circle the correct word to complete the sentences. I dislike eating bananas. Mth it all over again! I
,- people bought more &a4 - a0million of
a Oh, you m n ' t e b e Kerry's brother. You look almost identical!
b 'Dog Runs from Glasgow to London in five hours.' That cun'tlcould be possible. It takes
longer to drive that distance by car!
c Tomorrow may/canlt be sunny or cloudy. It's impossible to say for sure at the moment. &&sive toys. One day, home with
. . a present. Imagine r
k
d I can't/may go to the party on Friday. I haven't decided yet. cube
(1980s)
e It might/cun't be possible to get a ticket for the show at the door, but you usually need to
book in advance. ' Spacehopper
(1970s) open air. The .................
f Francis! Could/lMay it really he you? I haven't heard from you in years! the most popular toy

4 1 I
/'- 'My most memorabb tQy was my
Frisbee (1950s) ............................................
those things were
o e o ~ l etravelled
 78

I
I
'ford sta~ -
UNIT 28: Verh patterns:

2 Find the following verbs in the text in exercise 1. Do the activities that follow.
verbs / to + lnfinitlve

............*...............................*...*...................,.................
3 Complete the chart with verbs followed by another verb ending in -Ing (e.g. Ienjoy doing), or by
+
another verb with to infinitive (e.g. Ican't afford to do).
I
5 Read the text. Underline the correct verbs. Be careful, sometimes IWhat do you say in them,
both verbs are possible. situations? Write sentences
using verbs from exercise 6.

/
a You're having a party. Your
friend said 'I can help with
the cooking'. Now he's
watching the football.
Verbs + -inq

b Your friend was writing a

report. You are not sure she
has finished. What do you
ask your friend?
.(

I
...................................................
c You're in a concert. The
...**.****.*.*..--I---- ........... .................................................. is ekgant and romantic. I like (bl to ~rl(/trvi person behind you is talking
4 Complete these sentences about yourself. Use a verb ending in -ing or a verb with to + infinitive. decided (c) to learn/learnr on a mobile phone,
I can't afford (d) to go/going to Argentina !

a I enjoy ......... ....

I takehaking a weekly class in a local college. But once is not
at home.

L
enough - now 1 try (f) to go/going at least twice a week. I'm
b I love ................................................................. with my friends. tango mad!
c I often practise ...................................................................in my English class. It isn't an easy dance to learn (and I hate (g) to wear/
aring those high heels!), and you really have to be fit. B y
d I hate ...................................................................at the weekend.
e I can afford ................................................................... but I can't afford ........
f M y best friend wants .................................................................. .
L ant (h) to be/being like the women in th
i to practise/practising.
ometimes, when I'm alone in the house, I put on my tang
s
Your friend has a grammar
test tomorrow. What do you
tell your friend?
] clothes (and heels!) and I practise (i) to do/doing the new stet
g My parents keep .................................................................... , in front of a video. I try (k) to copy/copying the people on the
h I always try ................................................................... other people. sreen. But really, it takes two to tango!
i I have decided ................................................................... as soon as I can.

6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in e Someone invites you to see a
brackets.
horror film. You strongly
a No, thank you. I really dislike ......h n g ....... (dance). dislike horror films.
b Don't forget ................................ (revise) your vocabulary.
c Mark promised ................................... (help) Cecilia with her project.
d Did you finish ............................ (write) the invitations?
e Imagine ................................. (go) to Argentina to learn the tango!
f Stop ................................... (talk) so loudly, please. I can't hear the film.
g I asked him to stop, but he continued ................................... (talk).
. .
h Yes, please! I love ................................... (go) on picnlcs.
 - - - --
3 who did what? Complete the story using the verbs in the box.
Use the past tense if possible.
buy give leave len
owe pay read send
show teach write

Direct object
gave
She lent
Direct object
She lent
1 Read these sentences. Which are correct?
Which are Wrong? Put a tick or a cross in the
boxes. If necessary, write correct sentences
in the spaces provided.
a She gave a present to me.
....................................-...............................................................
b She gave a present to my mother.
c She gave it me.
d She gave me it.
.........................................................................................
e She gave to me a present.
..................................................................................................
f She gave my mother a present.
...................................................................................................
g She gave to my mother a present. @
- -
=me money, he said. Ji
flhen use two objects wc often put Ine
a present. I
object first (1)and the direct object
him some money. ;econd (2).
He gave me (1)a present (2).
I lent him (11some money (21
him a lesson' but then
Indirect object Use a preposition with the
indirect object i today,' he said, 'and half
a present my friend. the direct object is first. tn
icn't ~ n i n v lend 1
her coat I gave a present (2)to my friend (I)' . . . , . . . . . a * . . . . . . . . . . . .
......................
1 She lent her coat (2) to her mother
4 Write the following sentences with borrow and lend.
- - a When you ..................................................money, you give money to SOmeone (and you expect it back)-
Indirect object vlc lrle direct object first I + d w ............. money, you take money from someone and YOU expect to give it back.
b When you ..........
to
are pronouns. rn
it her. Give it (2)to me (I)! ..,..............................,........................~~~-m-~~~~~-a~~g
going to lend it (2) to YOU (I).
S Read this paragraph and answer the questions below using complete sentences.
Put the following words in order to make correct a What did Katie buy2
sentences. Katie bought a new CD. She a
n u.... ...............................
.a...
listened to it m c e and then b HOW many times did she listen
a a 1 letter 1 me / She / wrote Michelle borrowed it. Michelle to it? ............................................................
.... .......
..a&
....d d 4....&....a....!
.&w ,................. was showing it to Chris and
she left it at his house' The
c Who did Katie lend it to?
..............................................................
b bought 1 for / him / I / it
next day, Chris asked Michelle d Whose house did Michelle leave
..................................................................................................................... if he could borrow it, b W u s e
......
it at? ...............................................................
c a 1for 1 girlfriend I He / his / played / song he liked it. After a week Katie
e Who asked to borrow the CD?
asked Michelle to give the CD
....... ""~'~""'~"'~ ......................................................................................................... .........................................................
...... back to her. Michelle said, 'I'm
d a birthday 1 for 1 gave / me / mother / M~ / 1 sorry. Katie, but I lent it to f w h o did he ask? ...........................................
my 1 radio
Chris.' So Katie phoned Chris. g When did Katie ask Michelle for
.............................. .
................................................................... 'Yes, 1 borrowed it from the CD? ...................................................................
0 e a 1 cost 1 It / lot 1money / of / them Michelle,' said Chris, 'but then h What did Chris buy?
....................................................................................................
I I bought the CD at the music I ...............................................................
f a / good 1 He 1 offered / price / them I shop.' 'Sq who has my CD?'
said Katie. 'l gave it back to
.....
: the CD to?
..................................... ............................
..................................................................................................................................
g ~/father/I/lot/money/my/o~/owe/to
........................................................ ...............................
Michelle and then she lent it

....~*,,..,..,....................................*..***.-....-....--1..*-..-
underline the direct objects in the text, and circle the indirect objects.
1 j Who borrowed the CD from
Michelle? ..................................................

-
6

m
- -
 UNIT 30:

2 Circle the correct form to complete these sentences.

a She let her son@o

- play in the sea.

Verb patterns: verb + object + (to) b Maria warned him not to falllto not fall in the river.
c Cristina told Jason not to staylnot stay very late.
d Laura and Frank invited them to cornelcome to dinner.
e Katie taught her son to cook/cook.
-- them not to waitlnot wait too long.
f We begged
I asked him leave.
g She wanted to golgo to the party.
She begged them (not) to stay.
We ordered you talk.
L
- 3 Use an appropriate verb from exercise 2 to write what they said.
Use &
V + object + to + infinitive with verbs like ask, beg, order, want 8 warn
He asked me to show my passport. - a 'Don't forget to take your books,' Mary to Jake.
....It:a....tc?k
%...mi&.....&.k
......... ....his....Q

b 'Would you like to come to dinner?' Ron and Jody to Kevin.

........................................................................................... ....................................................................................
.._

c 'You have to go home now,' Susie to Michelle and Claire.

- -
Don't use to with a few verbs like let 8 make.
......................_.. .......................................................
........................ ._ ..................................................................
d 'Do you want to watch TV?' Chris to Mike.
She let me finish the exam paper.
He made me wait for hours. .............. ................ _,,_.__,,_........................................................................................................................................
- -
e 'put it down now!' David to Janie.
1 Mary is 16 and trains every week to be a boxer. She wants to enter a competition. ................................ ...................................
............................................... ............................................................. _._

Report what people said using the verbs in the box.

f 'ThatYsdangerous. Don't go in there,' Emma to Richie and Charles.
a Frank (Mary's trainer): You must enter the competition.

_
...fmk..
. ta!d . b....
to....chfir...tk.....uqxkiian...................................................... remind want
g 'I'd like some cake,' Ellie.
b Martin (boyfriend): Don't enter the competition. Please, please, please, please don't!
.................................... ..................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................
h 'Please, please help me,' Alice to Marty.
c Paul (brother): I'd like my sister to enter the competition.
...................................................................................................
............................. _. ....................................... .".P m
...................................................................................................................................................................................
d Sam Gordon (competition organiser): Would you like to enter my competition? Please do.
........................._ ......................................................................................................................................................
e Mr Graham (father):Enter the competition. I'm telling you.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
f Sue (her sister): Don't forget to enter the competition!
...................................................................................................................................................................................
g Brad (her close friend): Don't enter the competition! It's a bad idea. Very dangerous. Stay away.
............................... ............................................................................................................... ....................................
h Anita (best friend): Please enter the competition. Then I would be happy.
 84 UNIT m:'~erb
patterm: verb + objert + [to]+ Infinitive

4 Use the verbs in the b o x to rewrite these sentences.

a Mother angrily to child: Go to bed at once!

&... QC& ....fhe.... child....to...do....kg ....&d....~ k , . . a.........................................
m~
r--1 d reassure suggest

b One girl to another girl: I think you should wear the blue one.
Review unit A
c Customer to shop assistant: May I have my money back? 1 Match each sentence with the explanation of its meanina.
-- -

Explanations
d Driver to traffic warden: Please don't give me a parking ticket. a a repeated action or habit in
the present
b a prediction about the future
e Boy looking romantically at girl: I will never, ever leave you. c an interrupted action in the
past
................................................................................................................................................................................... d something that was in progress
f Nurse to patient in hospital: Don't worry. You'll be fine. in the past
e a completed pa$ action
f connects the present and the
past
g a general fact which is trul
I h an unplanned decision
................................................. ................................... something in progress at the
moment
describes what happens in a
S Complete the conversation with make o r let. film, book, programme or stow
a plan
MUM: I can't (a) ........!.&............... you go out late a t night, Janice. You're only 17. a habit in the past
JANICE: Oh, Mum! You can't (b) ............................... me stay at home every night! You'll
(c) .............................. me lose all my friends!
MUM: Well, do their mothers (d) ............................... them to go out at night?
JANICE: Not on their own, but they (e) ............................... them go out in groups or pairs!
Sentences1
1 Any plans for tamorrow?
Yes, I'm going to do some housework I
at last.
2 It gets darker at night.
3 Have you seen this film yet? It's
wonderful.
4 We were watching TV last night when
my aunt called $ram Australia.
5 The show is about a woman who lives
in France.
6 We used to go to the cinema once
week. Now it's impossible.
7 You have to see that play.
You'll love it!
8 Every day he eats lunch at Harry's
restaurant.
9 I'm
moment.
taking dance classes at the
10 The sun was shining as she walked
through the park.
11 You say the number and I'll
it down.
12 He passed the test.
'1
......................
I.

MUM: OK, I'll (f) ............................ you to go out as long as you have a friend-with you. Will that ...... I......................

(g) ............................... you happy? 2 Complete these dialogues with the correct tense.
JANICE: Oh, yes! Thanks, Mum.
JAMES: Where (a) ....&.........................he .....lid&........................(live) now?
MARIE: He (b) ................................... (live) in a strange little house in the mountains.

MARTIN: you ever ......................................... (be) to Egypt?

( c ).......................................
JOANNE: No, I (d) ......................................... ,but I'm ( e )......................................... (go) to Cairo next year.

MUM: What time (f) ....................................... your train ......................................... (leave) yesterday?
BOBBY: It (g) ......................................... (leave) at 9.00 and (h) ......................................... (arrive) at 11.30.

OLD MAN:

YOUNG WOMAN:
 86 UNIT 31: R w ~ ~ unit
w A

3 Complete this paragraph with appropriate verb forms.

Stephen Hawking, the world famous physicist,

(a) ...........k ....h...................(be) worried for a long time about
computers. He (b) .......................
because computers (c)
. ........................(be) worried,

quickly. He (d) ....................................................

(develop) very
(think) that in the
Review unit B
future, computers (e) 1 Circle the correct answer. P Read these sentences and write whether the
. . refer to the past, the present or the future.
intelligent than humans. He (f) a Paris is .................................... city in France.
(believe) that computers with artificial intelligence could @&&the larger/largest a This house was built in 1965.
control the world.
b I don't want ............................... .....sugar, thank you. ...M.......................
/some/any/many b Next week we're visiting my grandmother
4 Complete these sentences with a suitable word from the box. c I'd like ................................... boiled potatoes, please. in France. .......................................
/somelonelmuch c I'm working on a grammar exercise at the
a Mum, will you .......... 9...............me a new toy, &y
I borrow d How ................................ apple juice do you need?
moment. ..................................
please?
leave lend ( /many/any/much
d My mother has lived in Russia for 20
b Did you ....................................... the money you years. ....................
................
owe pay e I just need ....................................apples for this apple pie.
....................................... to your sister? e My car is being washed at the moment.
read send /few/little/a few .......................................
c This is a letter to the manager.
show teack
I'm ..................................... it to him to complain
about the hotel room.
- f Nicole Kidman is .................................... than Julia Roberts.
lpopularlmost popular/more popular
f Did you watch that TV programme last
night? ......................................

d Will you ...................................... me that book when g Will you help me with my homework?
g Who is the .................................... singer in the world?
.......................................
you have ...................................... it? lbetterlgoodlbest
h We live by the sea. .....................................
e I'd like to ....................................... your car, if you don't mind. h Iron is ................................ than feathers.
i Last night at nine o'clock I was watchi~
f Come here and I'll ............................... you how to use this new /heavier/more heavy/heaviest
computer program.
i The building on the left is ....................................than the
g Do you think you could ................................... me how to play the piano? other one.
3 Name the tense used in each sentence in
h He didn't want to ...................................... his children alone with the new babysitter, /more high/higher/highest exercise 2.
because she seemed strange. . .
j T h ~ is
s ............................... book I've ever read.
/the more interestinglmost interestinglthe most
6 Complete the sentences with can, can't, could or couldn't. interesting
k Do you like .................................. animals?
a She's a famous singer. She .............C i ............ sing very well. But ................................you believe that she
K
................................. sing at all when she was younger? It's true! She was so shy, she ............................... even stand
up and read in front of her classmates!
b 'I'm afraid you have a broken ankle,' the doctor said. 'You ................................. leave hospital today, but you
................................. walk on this leg for a while. You certainly ................................. do any sports.' m I enjoyed walking .................................. the town
c When I heard him say that, I ............................. believe my ears. I ............. help my team to win the yesterday.
cup in the match on Saturday! I felt really miserable. /through/below/over
d 'Cheer up!' said the doctor. 'You ................................. still do a lot of things. You ................................. listen to music, . .
n I was driving .................................... a street near my house,
you ................................ watch ?Ir ... and you ................................ watch your team play!' looking at the flowers, when I saw a strange animal.
m /into/along/inside I
 88 UNIT 32: Review unlt

4 Complete t h e text with t h e b e s t word, 1-3 below.

ANSWE,,rr( KEY
Two women were walking '
..... a local cemet Unit 1 e the cheapest
1 1 syllable - fast, high, large, tall, small f the most expensive
filming with a video camera. 2 syllables - sunny, friendly g the funniest
Suddenly (b) ........................... c a m w 3 syllables - beautiful, popular h the best
2 a more b smaller c more d fewer e greater i the narrowest
stopped working. They kept f larger g smaller h lower i higher j longer j the thinnest
- 3 a more interesting than, more easily 3 a Flat B is the smallest.
recording with (c) ............................ , b better than, more cheaply b Flat C is the sunniest.
portable tape recorder that rn c fastel; smaller c Flat C is the largest.
d more comfortable than, more quickly d Flat B is the nearest to town.
woman had (d) ............................ hQ e lower than, colder e Flat A is the most modern.
~ocket. Thev chatted about tl 4 a Stadium Australia is larger than the Millennium f Flat B is the noisiest.
Stadium. g Flat A is the most expensive.
beauty of the cemetery as th b Edmonton Stadium is smaller than Stadium 4 a Flat C is the largest.
Australia. b Flat B is the darkest.
walked (e) ............................ the pat c Kingda Ka is taller than Top Thrill Dragster. c Flat B is the smallest.
Later when they listened to d In Australia horse racing is more populat than d Flat C is the furthest from town.
rugby league. e Flat B is the least modernlmost old-fashioned.
(f)............................ recording, they ro
something very strange. Afte, one
of (g) ................... women said -%!hi@
C" e Pipeline Bungee is higher than Mokai Canyon.
f In Britain, football is more popular than cricket.
g The Millennium Stadium is bigger than Edmonton
Stadium.
5
f Flat C is the quietest.
g Flat B is the cheapest.
a The longest river is the Nile.
b The tallest telecommunications tower is the C N
h In the USA, American football is more popular Tower.
(h) ............................peaceful area,'# than basketball. c The largest country is Russia.
creepy whisper said 'peacef&!! 5 a Kingda Ka d The highest waterfalls are the Angel Falls.
b More popular e The deepest caves are in Lamprechtshofen, Austria.
They played (i)............................ ta P c Basketball f The most crowded city is Hong Kong.
about 20 times and heard t k d Smaller 6 a oldest
e South Africa b longest
voice each time. r - f Australia c furthest
I -
d smallest
Unit Z e most expensive
a 1) over 2) below @ through 1 a worst
b most boring Unlt 3
b 1) one 2) the 3) a c cheapest 1 a bored
d most cramped b boring
c 1) a 2) the 3) a e deepest c interested
d 1) in 2) to 3) of f most expensive d interesting
g fastest e disappointing
e 1) into 2) along 3) inside h fattest f disappointed
i funniest 2 a relaxing
f 1) ---- 2) a 3) the j best b interesting
3) one k highest c interested
g 1) the 2) a
1 most interesting d tired
h1)one 2)a 3) ---- m longest e tiring
n narrowest g relaxed
i 1) a 2) the 3) ---- II o most spacious g worried
p thinnest h amusing
q ugliest i amusing
r most uncomfortable 3 1 Picture b 2 Picture a
2 a the worst 4 a excited b surprising c shocking d i n t e
b the most interesting e boring f tired g relaxing h disappointhg f
c the largest 5 a frightening b worried c boring d surprising
d the most uncomfortable e amusing f interested 1 .,*.;s,
): .;luxid
r
90 ANSWER KEY r ANSWER KEY 91

Unit 4 potatoes [C] 3 a pistol shooting b swimming 4 a interview b read c watch d means
1 l a 2 c 3b 4 c 5a 6b meat [ q c running d show jumping e gets up f doesn't get up g arrive h meet
2 aThe bThe c a dThe e a f - g a hthe chicken [ q e fencing i interview j prepare k do (they) enjoy I goes
i the j the k an fish [U] 4 a playing m tries n see o doesn't have
3 l b 2f 3g 4a 5h 6e 7d 8c rice [IJI b watching 5 a
4 a -,- pasta [Ul c riding Natasha gets up at 3.15.
b an, the yoghurt [U] d reading Dermot doesn't get up so early.
c -, the vegetables [C] e collecting They both arrive at the studios at 4.30.
d The, an fruit [V] f like going She goes to bed at 8 o'clock.
e A, a, The, - juice [V g listening to They meet with the producer of the programme.
f the 4 a a shoe b an exercise c a chicken d stress 5 a watching Natasha and Dermot usually interview 12 people every
g the e clothes f equipment g an orange h furniture b shopping day and they prepare carefully.
h the, - i fish c Smoking b
i The, -, -, the 5 a N P b N P cpapers d N P e N P f N P g N P d Swimming Millions of viewers watch it every day.
5 a1 b2 c3 d4 e6 f3 g4 h l i6 h apples i NP e buying The working hours are terrible.
6 salad, soup, coffee, cake, fruit, chocolate f boxing C

Unit 5 The presenters interview people and read the news.

1 a4 b6 c l d8 e3 f7 g2 h5 Unit 8 Unlt IEI 6 a What is your job?/What do you do for a living?
2 a are not lying downldon't lie down: won't be able to 1 a little = 30 grams of butter, a few = four tomatoes, 1 a between b in c next to d opposite b What time is the programrne?/What time does the
b will get: rest lots of = 24 eggs, a lot of = 1 kilo of cheese, e behind f inside g above, below h outside programme start and finish?
c study: will pass no = 0 millilitres of milk, i in front of j on top of k under c What time do you get up?
3 a Jack's at Steve's house, b Lucy's in a (Turkish) cafi, d Does Dermot get up at 3.15 too?
d will feel: drink no = 0 potatoes
e won't get: don't exercise 2 Large quantities: c Di is intat the station, d Judy is at a bus stop, e When do you see your friends?
f eat: will get Countable nouns: lots of, a lot of e Roger is at home, f Pat's at the hospital, f Do you like your job?
g catch: go out Uncountable nouns: lots of, a lot of g Jim's in (the) hospital, h Vince is at the station, 7 a Do you have time for breakfast?
h help: wash Small quantities: i John is attin the cinema, j Hazel is at work. b How many days a week do you work?
i listen to: will hurt Countable nouns: a few, some 4 a under b between c above d on top of e next to c What does your family think about your working
j go: doesn't finish Uncountable nouns: a little f behind hours?
4 a like, will love N o quantity: 5 a the cupboard d Do you buy lots of new clothes for work?
b will have, use Countable nouns: no, not any b The mirror
c will stay, wash Uncountable nouns: no, not any c the doorlthe room Unit 13
d is, will enjoy 3 a any b somelmany c A lot of, Many, Lots of d a cat 1 1 a Kenny loves Lola. 1 b Sally loves Kenny.
e won't be, change d no, no e A few f Few g some h lots of e the picture 2 a Kenny admires Bart Simpson. 2 b Kenny's little
f don't have, will fill, (will) save 4 a a fewlsome, lotstmany f the desk brother admires Kenny.
5 l c 2 b 3 d 4a 5f 6e b some 3 a Kenny dislikes 'goody-goody' people. 3 b 'Goody-
6 Suggested answers c some, much Unit 11 goody' people (probably) dislike Kenny.
1 If you like exciting books, you'll like this onelbook. d some 1 The correct sequence is 1 h, 2 d, 3 i, 4 f, 5 g, 6 k, 7 e, 2 Asking about the object: Who does Kenny admire?
2 Buy these shoes if you like style and elegance. e Some 8 a, 9 c, 10 j, 11 b, 12 1 Who does Kenny love?
3 If you use this shampoo, your hair will shine. f some, a few 3 Walk along the road until you get to the park. What kind of people does Kenny dislike?
4 You'll love this drink if you like coffee. 6 a much, lots of Turn left into the park. Go past the lake. Turn left out What kind of people probably dislike Kenny?
b many, a few the the other side and walk down the street. Turn right Asking about the subject:
Unit 6 c much, no onto Green Street and Katie's house is the first house Who admires Kenny? Who loves Kenny?
1 a2 b l d any, any on the right. 3 a Who wants to be a millionaire? Everybody does.
2 aP b T c T d P eT fP gP e a few, any b What does everybody want to be? A millionaire.
3 a3 b4 c l d 6 e2 f5 c What do many people read? Magazines about
Unlt 12 celebrities.
5 a1 b2 c3 d2 Unlt 9 1 a goes, watches, goes, doesn't eat
1 a books - collect, read d Who reads magazines about celebrities? Many
b play, answer, win people do.
Unit 7 b films - watch, go to c buy, watch
c football - watch, go to, play e Who doesn't like photographers? Celebrities.
1 Countable: problem d do, like f What don't celebrities like? Photographers.
Uncountable: meat, sugar, stress d horses - ride e marries
e music - listen to, play, read g What do monkeys eat? Nuts and fruits.
Countable and uncountable: fruittfruits, oranges, fish 2 a cries b buys c watches d read e doesn't have h Who eats nuts and fruits? Monkeys.
salad/salads, chocolate/chocolates, apples, bananas, f shopping - go f have g doesn't have, record
g stamps - collect 4 a Nancy b Norah c Nancy, Norah
crisps 3 a does, want d Nancy, Norah e Nancy, Norah
2 Countable: things, body, movement, shoes, mind h bird watching - go b does, do
2 a cycling b swimming f Norah andlor Nancy
Uncountable: stress, energy, equipment, clothes, people c Why, eat 5 a does Nancy like b likes c loves
Countable and uncountable: exercise (exercises) c pistol shooting d fencing d Why do
e running f bowling g show jumping d does Barry love e does Nancy watch
3 sugar [U] e When do, watch f admires g admires h does Norah read
oil [U] h life-saving i weightlifting f Do, like
Life-saving and bowling are not Olympic sports. i watches
cakes [C]
biscuits [C]
 I

92 ANSWER KEY ANSWERKEY 9

Unit 14
1 a are playing (on Sunday) F, we're training (at this
moment) P
b I'm meeting (tomorrow) F, I'm checking
(right now) P
c I'm practising P, I'm taking (tomorrow) F
d I'm working P, we're having (on Saturday) F
2 Time expressions are usually used with F meanings.
3 Present: now, today, at this moment, at 8 o'clock,
this week
Future: today, tomorrow, at 8 o'clock, next week,
on 25th May, on Tuesday, this week, in the summer,
Monday afternoon
4 aR/H b T c T dR/H
5 a wants b knows c is training d is working
e is not doing f washes g prepares
h does (he) feel i am writing j am (just) working
k (I am) learning
6 a What do you know about a chef's job?
b What do you want to be?
e Are you going to take
f I'm not going to take
g are you going to do
h I'm not going to do
3 a They're going to have breakfast.
b He's going to go swimming.
c They're going to get married.
d They're going to go to Australia.
4 a False. They're going to get wet.
b False. He's not going to fail the mathematics exam./
He's going to pass the mathematics exam.
c False. They're going to go skiing.
d True
e False. They're going to do their English homework.
f True
Unit 17
1 Conversation 1:
a are you going to b 'll c Are ... going to
d 'm going to e are going to f 1' 1
b I'm taking an English lesson right now. (present) I'm Unit 20
taking an English lesson next week. (future) 1 a since 199llfor XX years
c We're doing some grammar exercises a t the b since 2004lfor X years
moment. (present) We're doing some grammar c since (month)/for three months
exercises from Monday. (future) d since 2004lfor X years
d He's working on a new project at present. (present) e since he was 12lsince 1992/for XX years
He's working on a new project from Monday. f since (choose a month)lfor X months
(future) g since he was 18/since 1998lfor X years
e Are you working right now? (present) Are you h since 200Slfor X years
working later tonight? (future) 2 a for
4 a What is he going to do b since
He's going to meet Elena./He's meeting Elena. c for
b What is he going to doldoing d since
he's going shopping e since
he's going to go to the cinema f since
c What is he going to do/What is he doing g since
he's going to walk Billie's dog. Then, he's going to 3 a for b since c for d since e for f since g for
watch tennis. h for i since j since
d What is he doingis he going to do 4 a for five years
He's playing badmintonlgoing to play badminton, b for three months
II

c What are you doingfstudying and then he's going out with Chris. c since 2000
Conversation 2:
d Where are you working e What is he going to dotdoing d since she was a child
g 'll h 'll i 'm going to j Will k won't
e What do you do (all day)? 2 a planned intention b prediction c planned intention
He's going to the bank, then he's going to have e always
f Why are you writing down your mum's secrets? lunch with Tania.
d planned intention e planned intention f prediction
g Are you writing a book? g prediction h prediction i planned intention
f What is he going to dotdoing Unit 21
He's going to go swimming, he's going to Rob's 1 a laugh b memorise c repeat d want e forget f find
j prediction k prediction
Unit 15 3 Suggested answers: g feel h give i have j meet k put I try m write
1 a will go On Monday she's going to go to work early. 2 a met b gave c write d memorised e repeated
b Will, be On Tuesday she's going to have a meeting. Unit 19 f wantedltried g found h forgot i had j felt k put
will be She's going to have lunch with her mother on 1 l e 2 g 3 f 4 d 5 h 6 b 7 a 8 c 3 a happened, did (you) meet, were, was
c will ring/phone/call Wednesday. 2 Conversation 1: b did (you) learn
d will like On Thursday she's going to go to the gym in the a Have, eaten c did (the event) happen, did (the people) do
will love evening. b tried d did (you last) use, did (you) phone, was
1 a: b a n d d She's going to work late on Friday. c Did, like 4 a did not live b was c moved d lived e had
b: a and c 4 a I'm going to study d was f started g studied h graduated i did not like
3 a P b P CUD d P e P fUD g P h U D IUD b I'll probably Conversation 2: j was k married I used m died
4 a will be b will be c won't go d won't go c I'll a saw 5 a did the Freud family move to
e 'll take f '11 make g Will ... make h will be d are you going to, We're going to b Have, seen b did Freud move to Vienna?
i won't pass j 'll do k will ... be 1 'll be e I'll c haven't been c did heFreud (go to school?)
rn 1' 1 have to n 'll pass f I'm going to get some painters to paint the house., d went d did heFreud move to England?
5 a 3 b l c 4 d 2 I'll help you e did, see e brothers and sisters did he/Freud have?
Predictions: a, c 5 a5 b3 c2 d8 e7 f4 g6 h l f was f did heFreud marry?
Unplanned decisions: b, d 6 a going to 3 a has gone, left g did he/Freud die?
6 a will win b 'm going to b didn't recognise, Have, lost
b will get '11 c 've been Unit 22
c will/'ll come d will d have forgotten 1 a were doing b were working c was having
d won't be e 'm not going to, 'm going to e gave up, have forgotten d working e was having f was looking up
e will beat f are, going to f opened, haven't been 2 a weren't working b weren't doing c rang
f Will (the race) be g 're going to g improved, has got d were talking e was helping f arrived
g will be h 1' 1 h failed, felt, have just spoken g hung up h heard i wrote
h won't be able i Are, going to 4 a Have you heard the news? The Prime Minister has 3 a heard, got
i will (probably) have to j '11 resigned. b saw, was having
j willI'll record k 'm going to b Long ago the Egyptians used hieroglyphics for c was having, was working
I won't communication. d were talking, rang
c I haven't seen you for ages. Have you been away? e did (Laura) do, arrived I
Unit 16 d I've just come back from Italy.
'

1 a past b future c present d future e pasttpresent Unit 1 8 f got, heard

1 a P b P c F d P e P f F g F e Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. g were not talking, did not enjoy
f present g future
2 Suggested answers f Have you finished reading that book yet? 5 a I hurt my shoulder.
2 a are you going to do
a We're watching a DVD now. (present) g Yes, I lent it to Gavin yesterday. b were holding hands
b I'm going to go
c is going to get We're watching a DVD tonight. (future) c was going to the hairdresser's.
d are going to have
 94 A N M R KEY
d was having dinner.
e was sending a text message.
f was wearing some new boots.
g was buying tickets for the show.
h were dancing.
6 a wasn't raining b was sitting c was babysitting
d was watching e were talking f were laughing
g was screaming h was trying i was trying
j was parking
Unit U
1 c A gorilla escaped from a van.
2 a A window cleaner was cleaning a shop window.
b A man (with a cap) was walking his dog.
c A group of children were walking to school.
d Three people were waiting for a bus.
e A boy was delivering newspapers on his bike.
f A man was reading a newspaper on the corner.
g A woman was bringing in the milk.
h Two girls were jogging.
i The baker was standing outside his bakery.
j Some people were having breakfast in a cafe.
3 a What was the window cleaner doing?
b What were you doing at 7 o'clock yesterday
I morning?
I c Where was the man standing?
d What were the people waiting for?
I
e Where were the children going?
f What was everybody looking at?
g Why was the gorilla walking in the street?
4 a F He wasn't reading a book, he was reading a
newspaper.
I
b F Some people, not everybody, were looking at the
gorilla.
c F She wasn't bringing in the newspaper, she was
bringing in the milk. (Background note: In Britain,
milk is delivered by the milkman, t o your doorstep.)
d F They weren't riding their bikes to school, they
were walking to school.
e T
f F He wasn't walking a large dog, he was walking a
small dog.
g F They weren't wearing jeans, they were wearing
school uniforms.
5 a was shining b was feeling c arrived
d was closing e got f stood g offered
h was reading i was (only) trying j was raining
k wasn't smiling
6 Pattern 1
a The train was leaving when I got to the platform.
b The man was closing his ticket window just as I got
there.
c She was reading her paper when a child put his
hand in her bag.
Pattern 2
d When I left the house the sun was shining and I was
feeling happy.
Pattern 3
e I stood all the way, while some children sat
comfortably.
I
7 a was (Brian) doing, arrived
did (he) do, arrived
b were (you) doing, saw
d ~ d(you) do, saw
c were (you) dreaming, rang
did (you) do, rang
d was (your friend) watching, got
did (you) watch, were
8 a practises was practising
+
b was arriving + arrived
c were ringing + rang
d waited + was waiting
e went was going
+
f had + were having
Unlt 24
1 around 100 years old
2 Affirmative:
There used to be just one (telephone) in our village.
We used to play board games.
We used to watch a film occasionally.
Negative:
Girls didn't use to stay in school for very long.
We didn't use to have a car.
3 a used to have
b didn't use to go out often, used to play board games
c used to wear fun clothes, used to have interesting
hairstyles, used to love dancing
d didn't use to drive
4 Past habits:
a I used to play in a rock band!
b We used to play at parties and clubs.
c I used to miss playing, terribly.
Present habits:
d I usually play my guitar just at family parties.
Completed actions:
e I got married so I left the band.
5 a British businessmen used to wear bowler hats until
the 1960s.
b Some ancient Romans didn't use t o wash their
hair very often. They only used t o wash it on
13 August, the birthday of the goddess Diana.
c The ancient Egyptians used to paint a picture of
their worst enemy inside their sandals.
d In the 1970s punks used to put egg, butter or
toothpaste in their hair. Then they used to paint it
with food colouring or spray paint.
e In the 19th century women used to wear very tight
corsets to look thin. Some women used to faint or
break their ribs.
6 a What did British businessmen use to wear?
b How often did some ancient Romans use to wash
their hair?
c Why did the ancient Egyptians use to paint a picture
of their enemy inside their sandals?
d When did some ancient Romans use to wash their
hair?
e Why did some women use to faint in the 19th
century?
Unit 25
1 a Could b Could c can't d Can't e can't
2 Examples for Use 1: d, f
Examples for Use 2: a, c, e, g
Examples for Use 3: b
3 a 4 b 3 c 1 d 2
4 a With this software you can design posters, but you
can't make them in colour.
b Can you download music from the Internet?
c Can you help me with this program?
d Can you take photos with this mobile?
e Rizwan can take photos of plants.
f I can fix a computer quickly.
g Howa can't mix music.
h Can you take the CD out of the machine?
Unlt 26
1 a managed to
b could, could, couldn't
c couldn't, managed to
d managed to, couldn't, couldn't
e didn't manage to, could
2 a could b could c could, could d could, couldn't
e managed to f could, managed to
g managed to, couldn't
3 a 1 b 2 c 2 d l
4 a couldn't b managed t o c didn't manage to
d managed to e couldn't f could g could
h could i didn't manage to
5 a managed to b Could c couldn't
d didn't manage to e couldn7t/didn't manage to
f could g couldn't h manage to i could
Unit Z7
1 Sentence a talks about a 'certain' prediction.
Sentence e talks about a prediction that you think
definitely won't happen.
Sentences b, c, d talk about something that is possible
but not certain.
2 Suggested answers
a I think Ellie may arrive home first.
b Matt may/might/could arrive home first.
c Charlie may/might/could arrive home first.
d Alice may/might/could arrive home first.
e Kevin won't arrive home first.
3 Suggested answers
a This could be a plate. This might be a saucer. This
may be a cup.
(It is a cup.)
b This could be a spoon. This might be a spade. This
may be a door handle.
(It is a fork.)
c This could be a computer. This might be a DVD
player. This may be a TV.
(It is a TV.)
d This could be a telephone. This might be a
calculator. This may be a bank machine.
(It is a telephone.)
4 a must b can't c may d may e might f Could
ANSWER KEY 95
Unit Z8
1 Mary: Spacehopper ('a big ball', 'bouncing around')
Clive: Rubik's cube ('one of those cubes')
Pete: Frisbee ('round plastic disc', 'that simple disc')
Sally: scooter (' ... travelled on them, pushing with one
foot')
3 Verbs + -ing: hate, keep, like, practise, start, try
Verbs + to + infinitive: afford, like, want, hate
4 a I enjoy watching films at home.
b I love going out with my friends.
c I often practise speaking English in my English
class.
d I hate working at the weekend.
e I can afford to buy one CD every month, but I can't
afford to buy many.
f My best friend wants to be a doctor.
g My parents keep telling me to find a job.
h I always try to help other people.
i I have decided to go home as soon as I can.
5 a to see b trying c to learn d to go
e to takeltaking f to go g wearing h to be
i practising j doing k to copylcopying
6 a dancing b to revise c to help d writing
e going f talking g talking/to talk
h to golgoing
7 Suggested answers
a Don't forget to help with the cooking!
b Did you finish writing the report?
c Please stop talking on your mobile.
d Don't forget to revise your grammar.
e I hate (watching) horror films.
Unit Z9
1 The sentences with mistakes are:
c (more correct is 'She gave it to me.')
e (more correct is 'She gave me a present.' or 'She
gave a present to me.')
g (more correct is 'She gave my mother a present.' or
'She gave a present to my mother.')
2 a She wrote me a letter.
b I bought it for him.
c He played his song for a girlfriend.
d My mother gave me a radio for my birthday.
e It cost them a lot of money.
f He offered them a good price.
g I owe a lot of money to my father.
3 a lent b bought c showed d wrote e owe
f sent g read h left i Pay j teach k give
4 a lend b borrow
5 a a new CD
bc Michelle
twice
d Chris's * -
fe Michelle
Chris
- -
-. %
g after a week
h the CD
i Michelle
j Karen
6 Direct objects: underlined Unit 31
Indirect objects: circled 1 a 8 b 7 c 4 (were watching) d 10 e 12
Katie bought a new CD. She listened tomtwice and f 3 g 2 h l l i 9 j S k l 16
then Michelle borrowed@ Michelle was showing k to 2 a does, live
w a n d she left at his house. The next day, Chris b lives
asked Michelle if he could borrow k, because he liked c Have, been
if. After a week Katie asked Michelle to give the CD d haven't
back to@Michelle said, 'I'm sorry, Katie, but I lent e going
it to Chris.' So Katie phoned Chris. 'Yes, I borrowed if
- f did, leave
from Michelle,' said Chris, 'but then I bought the CD g left
at the music shop ' 'So who has mv CD?' said Katie. h arrived
back t o e a n d then she lent if to i Will, help
j 1' 1
3 a has been b ishas been
Unit 30 c are developingthave developed d thinks
1 a Frank told her to enter the competition. e will become f believes
b Martin begged her not to enter the competition. 4 a buy b pay, owed c sending d lend, read
c Paul wantedlwants her to enter the competition. e borrow f show g teach h leave
d Sam invited her to enter the competition. 5 a can, can, couldn't, couldn't
e Her father ordered her to enter the competition. b can, can't, can't
f Sue reminded her to enter the competition. c couldn't, couldn't
g Brad warned her not to enter the competition. d can, can, can, can
h Anita asked her to enter the competition.
2 a play Unit 32
b not to fall 1 a the largest b any c some d much e a few
c not to stay f more popular g best h heavier i higher
d to come j the most interesting k - 1 a m through n along
e to cook 2 a past b future c present
f not to wait d presenttpast e present f past
g to go g future h present i past
3 a Mary reminded Jake to take his books. 3 a past simple (passive)
b Ron and Jody invited Kevin to (come to) dinner. b future continuous
c Susie told Michelle and Claire to go home. c present continuous
d Chris invited Mike to watch TV. d present perfect
e David told Janie to put it down. e present continuous (passive)
f Emma warned Richie and Charles not to go in f past simple
there. g future simple
g Ellie wanted to have some cake. h present simple
h Alice begged Marry to help her. i past continuous
4 a She ordered the child to go to bed at once. 4 a 3 b 2 c 1 d l e 2 f 3 g l h 2 i 2
b She suggested (that) she (should) wear the blue one.
c The customer asked for histher money back.
d The driver begged the traffic warden not to give
herlhirn a parking ticket.
e The boy promised the girl (that) he would never,
ever leave her.
f The nurse reassured the patient (that) helshe
would be fine.
g She reminded her daughter (that) it was her Dad's
birthday in two days' time.
5 a let b make c make d let e let f let g make
5k~k
Grammar

Just G n m is~designed for individual skills development as part

of either a classroom-based course or a self-study programme.
The approach is learner-centred, and each unit has clear aims,
motivating topics and interesting practice activities.
Just t4mwmt is for Pre-Intermediate learners and can be used
as general preparation material for exams at this level.
Just features: I
a progressive grammar syllabus
clear explanations and examples
I1
a variety o f exercise types
I
full answer key
Also available
I
Just Reading and Wrlting 978-0-462-00774-8
Just Listening and Speaking (with Audio CDs) 978-0-462-00777-9
Just Vocabulary (with Audio CD) 978-0-462-00776-2
Grammar
class or rd
)I
: self-study 1
I

Marshall ~avendish
Education
II .

.b (1
A