Basant Karn

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS REPORT
DECLARATION OF REPORT
This report investigated the current state of design of buildings as per the Nepal building code
(NBC) and IS code act. The main target of the analysis and design of the building is to make the
building stable along with in care of optimization. Optimization of building is most essential for
the economic aspects of the building. According to new norms and rule, if the building area has
the area more than 1000sq.ft, structural analysis is must.
We have adopted both static and dynamic analysis and checked the stability of the frames with
optimized percentage of steel. Dynamic analysis is very important for Nepal because it falls
under most critical zone in the world, which is ZONE-V.
Hence we have adopted all parameters for both dynamic and static analysis and design
accordingly. During the construction of this Residential Building, as per design, supervision
should be adopted- If not, Structural Engineer will not be Responsible.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN BY
Er. SANTOSH PANDEY
(Structural Engineer)
NEC NO. 7846" civil" "A"
Annapurna Consultant
Page 2
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BUILDING DESCRIPTIONS
This document presents the overall methodology and the key results of the structural design of
structural components of RC moment resisting frame system.
Owner/Client : Mr. BasantKarn
Building type: Residential Building
Location : Bhairahwa-03, Rupandehi
Plot Area : 316.41 sq.m
Plot No : 31 , 3(kha)
Type of structure : RCC Framed Structure (Residential building)
No. of Story : Plinth+ 3 storey
Geometry : Rectangular
Story Height : 3.2m for all stories
Total Height : 15.10 m from Base to TF (height including top terrace)
1.2 Structural System

RC special moment resisting frame system using reinforced concrete is used to carry the gravity
load as well as to resist the lateral loads. RC footings are used to transfer the load of the building
to supporting soil.
The components of structural system used for this report are summarized in the following table.
Structural System Element Typical Component Types
RC special moment 1 Foundation 1 Isolated and combined

footing
resistant frame section
2 Beam and Columns 2 Reinforced concrete
3 Plinth beams 3 Reinforced concrete
Page 3
1.3 CODES, STANDARDS AND REFERENCES
The basic building codes referred are listed below. However, specific applications of those code
provisions are discussed in the corresponding sections.
BUILDING CODES
 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002
 Plain and Reinforced Concrete-Code of Practice, IS 456:2000
 Codes of Practice for Design Loads (other than earthquake) for Buildings and Structures,
IS 875 (Part 1): 1987
 Codes of Practice for Design Loads (other than earthquake) for Buildings and Structures,
IS 875 (Part 2): 1987
 Wind load Analysis, IS 875(part-3):1987
 Nepal Building Code.
OTHER REFERENCES
 Related research papers and reports.
 Beam and column – Dr. KU Muthu
 Stability of structures- Manual of Dr. KU Muthu.
2 BASIC MATERIALS
2.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the strength of materials used in the design of structural components.
2.2 CONCRETE
The minimum compressive strength measured at 28 days, for the cube specimen used in different
types of structural components are shown in the following table. As per Nepal Building Code
(NBC 205), the minimum adopted grade of concrete for residential building is M20.
Page 4
TABLE 2-1: COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
Members Fck ( Characteristics strength of concrete) Mpa

Footing 20
Beam 20
plinth Beam 20
column 20
2.3 Reinforcing Steel

Minimum yield strength of reinforcing steel to be used in the design should be of strength 500
MPa.
2.4 Soil Bearing Capacity
Soil type II is considered in the current design. The allowable bearing capacity is approximately
between 100 KPa to 150 KPa.
3. LOADS
3.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the design loads considered in the structural design, including gravity loads
and seismic loads.
3.2 GRAVITY LOAD

Self-weight of the structure is considered as dead load and finishes and partitions are considered
as superimposed dead load. Live load is determined in accordance with occupancy or use. The
following loads are in addition to the self-weight of the structure. The minimum loading
requirements shall be taken from IS 875 (Part 2)-1987 or equivalent.
Table 3-1: Live Load and Superimposed Dead Load
Page 5
Occupancy or Use live load

Room , Toilet and Kitchen 3.00 kN/m2
Corridors, passages, balconies and staircase 2.0kN/m2
Flat , sloping, curved roof 1.0kN/m2
3.3 Seismic Load

The basic seismic input may be determined from IS. IS 1893:2002 based earthquake is used as
Design Basis Earthquake in code-based design. The response spectra used for the design are
shown in figure 4-1.
Parameters Values
Zone factor, Z 0.36
Importance Factor 1.0
soil type II
Response reduction factor(SRMF) 5
Fig: Response Spectra for Earthquakes for Soil Type II (Medium Soil Sites)
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3.3 RESPONSE SPRECTRUM DATA WITH FUNCTION FOR DYNAMIC

ANALYSIS(EQ Analysis)
Page 7
3.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS

Ultimate strength design load combinations used in code-based design are shown in the
following table.
NO. Load Combination
1 1.5D+1.5L
2 1.2D+1.2L+1.2E
3 0.9D+1.5E
Where,
D = Dead load
L = Live load
E = Effect of force at DBE level
3.5 Data Input in software
1 Structure Data
Page 8
This chapter provides model geometry information, including items such as story levels, point coordinates, and
element connectivity.
1.1 Story Data

Table 1.1 - Story Data
Height Elevation Master
Name Similar To Splice Story
mm mm Story
Stair cover 3000 15100 Yes None No
Second
3200 12100 No None No
floor
First floor
3200 8900 No Terrace No
Roof
Ground
3200 5700 No Terrace No
floor roof
Plinth level 2500 2500 No Terrace No
Base 0 0 No None No
1.2. Mass Summary Diaphragm
Table 1.2 - Mass Summary by Diaphragm

Mass
X Mass Y Mass
Diaphrag Mass X Mass Y Moment
Story Center Center
m kg kg of Inertia
m m
ton-m²
Stair
D1 8706.66 8706.66 66.9518 3.495 5.41
cover
Second
D1 24312.98 24312.91 521.55 2.98 4.44
floor roof
First floor
D1 33298.52 33298.52 632.7352 4.7009 3.5818
Roof
Ground
D1 36036.86 36036.86 707.8191 4.703 3.4882
floor roof
PROPERTIES
This chapter provides property information for materials, frame sections, shell sections, and
links.
Page 9
2.0 Materials
Table 2.1 - Material Properties - Summary
Unit
E
Name Type ν Weight Design Strengths
MPa
kN/m³
M20 Concrete 22360 0.2 20 Fck=20 MPa
Fy=500 MPa,
Fy=500Mpa Rebar 200000 0 76.9729
2.2 Frame Sections

Table 2.2 - Frame Sections - Summary
Frame Name Material Shape
Beam Size B230X300M20 Concrete
M20
B 230x230M20 Rectangular
Column Size Concrete
C300X300M20 M20
Rectangular
2.3 Area Sections

Table 2.3 - Shell Sections - Summary
Total
Design Element
Name Material Thickness
Type Type
Slab mm
Slab Size Fy= 500
S130M20 Slab Membrane 130
Mpa
4 LOADS
This chapter provides loading information as applied to the model.
4.1 Load Patterns

Table 4.1 - Load Patterns
Self-Weight
Name Type Auto Load
Multiplier
Dead Dead 1
Page 10
Self-Weight
Name Type Auto Load
Multiplier
Live Live 0
Superimp
wall load 0
osed Dead
EQx Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
EQy Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
IS(1893: 2002) Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern EQx
according to IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = X
Structural Period
Period Calculation Method = User Specified
User Period T =0.57 sec
Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2] Z=0.36
Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 7] R=5
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6] I =1.0
Page 11
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II
Seismic Response
Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, S a 1.36 Sa
= =1.36
Sa /g [IS 6.4.5] g T g
Equivalent Lateral Forces

Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R
Calculated Base Shear

Period Used W Vb
Direction
(sec) (kN) (kN)
X 0.57 1589.8008 136.5555
Applied Story Forces
Page 12
Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Terrace 15.1 16.7216 0
Second Floor 12.1 65.3394 0
First floor Roof 8.9 37.8091 0
Ground floor roof 5.7 15.5084 0
Plinth level 2.5 1.177 0
Base 0 0 0
Page 13
IS1893 2002 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern EQy
according to IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Y
Structural Period
Period Calculation Method = User Specified
User Period T =0.57 sec
Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2] Z=0.36
Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 7] R=5
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6] I =1.0
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II
Seismic Response
Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g [IS S a 1.36 Sa
6.4.5]
= =1.36
g T g
Equivalent Lateral Forces

Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R
Calculated Base Shear

Period Used W Vb
Direction
(sec) (kN) (kN)
Y 0.57 1589.8008 136.5555
Page 14
Applied Story Forces
Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir
m kN kN
Stair cover 15.1 0 16.7216
Second floor 12.1 0 65.3394
First floor Roof 8.9 0 37.8091
Ground floor roof 5.7 0 15.5084
Plinth level 2.5 0 1.177
Base 0 0 0
Page 15
ANALYSES AND DESIGN

4.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the finite element modeling, analysis and design procedures used in the
code-based design.
POSITIONING AND ORIENTATION OF COLUMNS:
Following are some of the building principles, which helps in deciding the columns positions.
• Columns should preferably be located at (or) near the corners of a building, and at the
intersection of beams/walls.
• Select the position of columns so as to reduce bending moments in beams.
• Avoid larger spans of beams.
• Avoid larger Centre-to-Centre distance between columns.
•
Fig: Positioning of column locationC(230x400)mm
POSITIONING OF BEAMS:
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• Beams shall normally be provided under the walls or below a heavy concentrated load to
avoid punching and shear failures in slab.
• Avoid larger spacing of beams from deflection and cracking criteria. (The deflection
varies directly with the cube of the span and inversely with the cube of the depth i.e.
L3/D3. Consequently, increase in span L which results in greater deflection for larger
span. )
Fig: Beam sections with dimensions
SPANNING OF SLABS:
• This is decided by supporting arrangements. When the supports are only on opposite
edges or only in one direction, then the slab acts as a one-way slab. When the rectangular
slab is supported along its four edges it acts as a one-way slab when L y/Lx<2. Thetwo-
way slab action of slab not only depends on the aspect ratio but also on the ratio of
reinforcement on the directions. In one-way slab, main steel is provided along with short
span only and the load is transferred to two opposite supports. The steel along the long
span just acts as the distribution steel and is not designed for transferring the load but to
Page 17
distribute the load and to resist shrinkage and temperature stresses. A slab is made to act
as a one-way slab spanning the short span by providing main steel along the short span
and only distribution steel along the span.
Fig: Slab dimension with diaphragm Extent
WALL LOAD (SUPER DEAD LOAD):
In frame structure building wall do not bear any load. As per building code
(NBC), or as practice, we have to give wall load (self-wt. of wall) to beam.
Mathematically,
Wall Load = Thickness of wall X clear height between story X density
Calculation:
Wall load of 230mm width = 0.23x3.2x20 = 14.72 KN/m
Reduction of (20%) due to opening = 14.72-0.2*14.72= 12 KN/m
Wall load calculation for (125 mm width wall)
=0.125*3.2*20 = 7 KN/m
Parapet wall (125 mm width of 1 m)

Page 18
= 0.125*1*20 = 2.5 (3kN)
Fig: Wall load as per calculation
Modeling of Structural System

Complete, three-dimensional elastic models are created, representing the structure’s spatial
distribution of the mass and stiffness to an extent that is adequate for the calculation of the
significant features of the building’s elastic response.
Etabs integrated software is used as analysis tool. The elastic models are used for gravity and
DBE level earthquake analysis. Nominal material properties are used in modeling of structural
components.
Page 19
Fig: Modeling of structure with loadings
Damping
Constant modal damping of 5% is used in seismic analysis at DBE level.
4.2 Analysis Procedures

Analysis procedures used for code-based design are presented in the following sections.
Load cases Analysis type
Static Analysis Linear Static Analysis
Dynamic Analysis Response Reduction factor( Ritz method)
Page 20
4.3 Modal Analysis

Modal analysis is carried out to determine the modal properties of the building. 100% of dead
load and superimposed dead load and 25% of live load are considered are considered as mass
source in modal analysis. Ritz analysis is used. Sufficient number of vibration modes shall be
considered to achieve at least 90% of participating mass of the building.
4.4 Linear Static Procedure (LSP)
Linear static analysis is carried out for gravity loadings. Gravity load basically includes live load
in slab and distributed load on beams.
4.5 Response Spectrum Analysis (RS)
Response spectrum analysis is carried out using linearly elastic response spectra. At least 90% of
the participating mass of the building is considered in each of two orthogonal principal directions
of the building. Complete Quadratic Combination (CQC) rule is used for combination of
responses from each mode. Orthogonal effects are considered by designing elements for 100
percent of the prescribed design seismic forces in one direction. 5% constant modal damping is
considered in the analysis.
4.6 COMPONENT AND MEMBER DESIGN
The structural components are designed to satisfy the strength and ductility requirements.
Strength capacity for different types of actions considered in the design is summarized in the
table below.
Structural System Component Design Code

Approach/Consideration References
Special moment Reinforced Concrete Axial compression, Shear IS 456:2000

resisting frame (Beams, Slab, Columns) and flexural
system
Footings Bearing capacity of soil IS 456:2000
5 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN RESULTS

Page 21
5.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis and design results of the residential building. The structural
components were analyzed using both- static and dynamic method. In static analysis, linear static
method was adopted whereas for dynamic, Response Spectrum method using Ritz analysis.
5.2 BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM
As loads were applied obviously the beam and column show their bending nature. After
analyzing we have to observe the BMD of every beam and columns. We have to check balanced
section, under-reinforced and over-reinforced section. This is very important task before
designing frames structure. The bending moment diagram is very much essential to design the
sections for stability of structures. To get the area of steel, bending moment is essential and
without bending moment diagram the design of any structure is not possible.
Fig: Bending moment diagramof frames (Sample)
Page 22
Fig: BMD Elevation View-2(For sample calculation)
This bending moment diagram is used to calculate area of steel by using formula as;
0.5 f ck bd 4.6 M u
(1  1  )
fy f ck bd 2
Ast =
Where, Mu = BM obtained from software
Fck = Characteristics strength of concrete
FY = grade of steel used
5.3 SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM
Page 23
Fig: Shear force diagram ( Sample)
Fig: Sample diagram of SF- Elevation 2
Page 24
Shear force diagram is used to calculate or design of stirrups. We noticed that always shear force
diagram is maximum at support and less when it moves towards the center as in figure. Hence
the spacing of stirrups at the supports was closely spaced where at the middle it is largely spaced.
PARAMETERS TO CHECK AFTER STATIC AND DYNAMIC

ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE.
 Maximum Point displacement at top most story

 Inter-story drift
 Centre mass gravity
 Modal Period and frequency
 Story stiffness
 Support Reaction at Base
MAXIMUM POINT DISPLACEMENT AT TOP MOST STOREY IN

BOTH DIRECTION, i.e. UX AND UY DIRECTION
i) In X-direction
Table: Maximum Point displacement in X-direction
Page 25
ii) In Y-Direction
Table: Maximum Point displacement in y-direction
INTER- STOREY DRIFT
I. Inter story drift in X-direction (Ux) in mm
II. Inter story drift in Y-direction (Uy) in mm
Page 26
Centre Mass Rigidity
MODE SHAPE AFTER DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
Page 27
Fig: For dynamic analysis we have taken the sample modal analysis for mode-10
Mode shape analysis is most after the dynamic analysis. For mode-10, the period obtained is
0.052seconds. We can analyze and design the structure by choosing the nature of deformation as
shown above.
MODAL PERIOD AND FREQUENCY
Page 28
SUPPORT REACTION FOR THE DESIGN OF FOOTING
Page 29
Table: Support reaction and base point for design of footing.
For design of isolated footing we need to group the column having the difference of 20 tons.
After that we have to find the area of footing using formula,
1.1P
Area of footing = SBC
Where, p = Unfactored load
SBC= soil bearing capacity
Note: Depth of the footing should be calculated depending upon the size of footing. It should be
carried out in fact manually.
Page 30
(A) DESIGN OF FOOTING USING EXCEL-SHEET (Sample)
Page 31
Page 32
Page 33
(B) SAMPLE SLAB DESIGN USING EXCEL SHEET
Page 34
Page 35
Page 36
Fig: Slabs Number with Boundary Condition
Page 37
(C) SAMPLE DESIGN OF BEAM
Page 38
Fig: Sample design of Beam
AREA OF STEEL FOR DESIGN OF MAIN BAR
Page 39
Fig: Elevation view for Elevation-B,C
Fig: Elevation view for Elevation-D,E
Page 40
Fig: Elevation view for Elevation-1,2
Fig: Elevation view for Elevation-3,5
Page 41
PERCENTAGE OF STEEL IN FRAME(Column and Beam)
Fig: Percentage of steel Elevation View-B,C
Fig: Percentage of steel Elevation View-D,1
Page 42
Envelope after design of a beam section
Page 43
Page 44
Page 45
Fig: Envelope after design of a beam section
Page 46
Envelope after design of a Column section
Page 47
Page 48
Page 49
Fig: Summery after design of a Column section
Page 50
SUMMARY OF THE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
i. SLABS
Slabs Types of Main Bar(mm) Distribution

slab bar(mm)
slab-1 Two-way 8mm @130c/c 8mm@150mm
slab-2 Two-way 8 mm@130c/c 8mm@150mm
slab-3 Two-way 8 mm@130c/c 8mm@150mm
Slab-4 Two-way 8 mm@130c/c 8 mm@150c/c
Page 51
ii. BEAMS
Beam Category Size of Beam Through Bar Extra Bar
Top bar Bottom Top Bottom

bar bar(corner) bar(mid)
Base tie Beam 9”x9” 2-16 dia 2-16 - -
Plinth tie Beam 9”x12” 3-16dia 3-16dia 1-16dia 1-16dia
Ground floor 9”X12” 3-16dia 3-16dia 1-16dia 1-16dia
roof
First Floor roof 9”X12” 3-16dia 3-16dia 1-16dia 1-16dia
Second Floor 9”X12” 3-16dia 3-16dia 1-16dia 1-16dia
Terrace(cover) 9"x12" 2-16 dia 2-16 dia 1-12dia 1-12dia
iii. Columns(All Columns)

Bars Position column Size of No. of Stirrups Ld(development
size(mm bar bars length)
)
Corners Bar 230x400 16 mm #12- 8mm@4"c/c 60xdia.
dia 16mm
dia
Note: Lapping of column should not be practiced at the joint of Beam-column
Page 52
iv. FOOTING DETAILS
Schedule of RCC Isolated Footing- SBC 150 KN/m3

Column Number Footing size Footing Dept footing Rebar footing
mm) (LxB) type h of along Breadth Rebar along
footi length
ng
CF1(1-5,2-6,3-7) 4000x1500 Combined 1500 12mm 12mm
mm dia@130mmc/c dia@130mm
c/c
CF2-(8-11,9- 4040x1500 Combined 1500 12mm 12mm
12,10-13,14-15) mm dia@130mmc/c dia@130mm
c/c
F1(4) 1500x1500 Isolated 1500 12mm 12mm
mm dia@130mmc/c dia@130mm
c/c
Note: Connect point(5-8,6-9,7-10) by strap beam to make the footing as single unit(symmetry)
Page 53
According to analysis and design required sizes of structure were adopted:
SN Structures Sizes(mm)
1 Column (230x400)- Rectangular
2 Beam (230x300)
3 slab 130mm
4 Footing Isolated and combined
footing
concrete grade M20 -
Steel grade Fe500 for main bar Fe500( stirrups)
CONCLUSION
During analysis of this building, first priority given was column location. Column location is
very important while designing any building structure. We need to follow the Nepal building
code(NBC-205) for its positioning and centre to centre distance. After fixing the positioning,
beam layout was done with trial for optimization. For the economical aspect it is very important
to optimize the structure. After analysis, design was done and the sections were passed as per IS
code from Etabs. Hence the sections are safe.
……………………………..
Designed by
Er. Santosh Pandey
(Structural Engineer)
(NEC No. 7846” A”)
Email: bikee.babu@gmail.com
Phone no. 9867829569
(Infor Engineering Consultant)
Page 54

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STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS REPORT

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS REPORT

the area more than 1000sq.ft, structural analysis is must.

under most critical zone in the world, which is ZONE-V.

should be adopted- If not, Structural Engineer will not be Responsible.

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN BY

Er. SANTOSH PANDEY

NEC NO. 7846" civil" "A"

1.2 Structural System

RC special moment 1 Foundation 1 Isolated and combined

3 Plinth beams 3 Reinforced concrete

1.3 CODES, STANDARDS AND REFERENCES

TABLE 2-1: COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE

Members Fck ( Characteristics strength of concrete) Mpa

2.3 Reinforcing Steel

3.2 GRAVITY LOAD

Table 3-1: Live Load and Superimposed Dead Load

Occupancy or Use live load

3.3 Seismic Load

3.3 RESPONSE SPRECTRUM DATA WITH FUNCTION FOR DYNAMIC

3.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS

3.5 Data Input in software

1.1 Story Data

1.2. Mass Summary Diaphragm

Table 1.2 - Mass Summary by Diaphragm

2.2 Frame Sections

2.3 Area Sections

4.1 Load Patterns

EQy Seismic 0 IS1893 2002

IS(1893: 2002) Auto Seismic Load Calculation

Direction and Eccentricity

User Period T =0.57 sec

Factors and Coefficients

Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Calculated Base Shear

X 0.57 1589.8008 136.5555

Applied Story Forces

Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

IS1893 2002 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

Direction and Eccentricity

User Period T =0.57 sec

Factors and Coefficients

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Calculated Base Shear

Y 0.57 1589.8008 136.5555

Applied Story Forces

Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

Stair cover 15.1 0 16.7216

Second floor 12.1 0 65.3394

First floor Roof 8.9 0 37.8091

Ground floor roof 5.7 0 15.5084

Plinth level 2.5 0 1.177

ANALYSES AND DESIGN

POSITIONING AND ORIENTATION OF COLUMNS:

Fig: Beam sections with dimensions

Fig: Slab dimension with diaphragm Extent

WALL LOAD (SUPER DEAD LOAD):

Wall Load = Thickness of wall X clear height between story X density

Wall load of 230mm width = 0.23x3.2x20 = 14.72 KN/m

Reduction of (20%) due to opening = 14.72-0.2*14.72= 12 KN/m

Wall load calculation for (125 mm width wall)

Parapet wall (125 mm width of 1 m)

= 0.125120 = 2.5 (3kN)