CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

Parenting styles are the different strategies that the parents use in

promoting and supporting their children. It is also a set of attitudes or pattern of

parental authority towards their children which are shared, creates an emotional

context for the expression of the parent's behavior.[CITATION Nan15 \l 1033 ].

In recent times, more issues are written about educational quality in Ogun

State, Nigeria where the performance of students in public examinations still

remains as visible evidence in failing standards. Researchers blamed the low

standards of education in some factors such as class size, inadequate facilitators,

parents that are not responsible to their children and inadequate teachers

competence.[CITATION Oje00 \l 1033 ].

In Asia, especially in China, parenting styles among Asian parents have been

variously described the different types such as authoritarian, controlling,

restrictive, and hostile. In addition to that, strictness would also help their

children to be a responsible one and may be equated with positive

characteristics such as parental concern, support, and involvement. [CITATION Agn17

\l 1033 ].

In the Philippines, some parents use corporal punishment to make their

children responsible one of all things. Parenting in the Philippines has been

shaped by our unique history, culture, and or values. It is also seen as an integral

social role with great influence in the lives of children [CITATION Ala \l 1033 ]. The
essential of parenting is particularly highlighted in the Philippine society, in

which family viewed it as a central world choice[ CITATION Joc14 \l 1033 ].

Parenting styles have many effects to the children and also vital to the child’s

development. It is important to make family policies and support services to aid

a new parent in doing such different strategies in supporting their children and

to ensure that they always there to guide that will allow them to succeed life for

their future[CITATION Lea14 \l 1033 ]

This study is conduct by the researchers in Canduman National High School

for the purpose of determining the relationship in low academic performance of

the Senior High School students to their parents’ parenting style.

Theoritical Background

Related Theories

In this section, related theories are presents to enhance the reliability of the

studies.

Parenting Styles Theory by Diana Baumrind, still a leading clinical whose

work on parenting style is groundbreaking. It is concerned in relationships

between parenting styles and child's behavior.

She postulated the four parenting styles and the first one authoritarian

which has the following characteristics such as parents try to shape their

children, control and evaluate the behavior and its attitudes. Second is

permissive parenting, in which parents are tolerant of their child, they also use

punishments as possible, make few demands for mature behavior and allow

considerably by the child's self-regulation. Authoritative is the third type of

parenting which contains the following elements: the expectation of mature

behavior from the child and clear settings of standards by the parents, firm

enforcement of rules, using commands and sanctions when necessary,

encouragement of the child’s independence and individuality. She also found that

children in authoritative parents are more mature, independent and mostly

responsible enough. Lastly, uninvolved parents where parents are not involve in

the life of the children. Children can do whatever they like or wants without

consulting the parents.

Nurturant Parent Model by George Lakoff supports the theory

aforementioned above. It is also a parenting style in which family children are

expected to discover their environment and social community with the help of

parents to their protection. This model believed that children know what is right

and wrong. The parents are should responsible for protecting and nurturing to

their children during exploration, includes protecting their child from

themselves by offering guidance.

Ideas were includes the following:

a) the real meaning of discipline is not all about strictness but is the respect

and compassion;

b) the world is friendly than in hostile; and

c) respect and compassion are best examples.

Although, this theory was discussed on his books which is the Moral Politics

and Whose Freedom? He argued that if the culture of the nation of family and

government as a parent is used, then progressive politics correspond to the

nurturant parent model.

Conceptual Framework

The schematic diagram of the theoritical background of the study, which

shows the theoritical conceptual framework is present below.

Profile of the Respondent

1. Age Parenting Styles Nurturant Parent
Theory Model Theory
2. Sex
By Diana Baumrind By George Lakoff
3. Number of Children
4. Educational
Attainment
5. Student’s Average
Grade

Parenting Style of Low

Achieving Senior High School
Students

Low Achieving
Parenting Styles Grade of Senior High
School Students

Conclusion and
Recommendation
 Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the study in schematic diagram.

Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of the theoritical background of the

study. Two theories are anchors in this study, which are the Parenting Styles

Theory by Diana Baumrind and the supporting theory which is the Nurturant

Parent Model Theory by George Lakoff. To address this issue, the researchers

will do the step by step in gathering the data by interviewing each selected

students. Then, the gathered data are should analyzed and interpreted to come

out the conclusions and the recommendation of this study.

 The Problem

Statement of the Problem

This study will be conducted by the researchers in Canduman National High

School for the purpose of determining the relationship in academic performance

of the Senior High School students in relation to their parents’ parenting style.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What are the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 age;

1.2 sex;

1.3 number of children;

1.4 educational attainment;

1.5 students average grade.

2. What are the parenting style that the parents used in terms of:

2.1 authoritarian;

2.2 permissive;

2.3 authoritative; and

2.4 uninvolved.

3. Is there a significant relationship between respondents’ profile and the

parenting styles?

4. Is there a significant relationship between involvement of parents in respect

of the education to their children?

5. What proposal would be proposed to improve the low achieving Senior High

School students?

Statement of Hypotheses

Ho1: There is no significant relationship between parents’ parenting styles and

the respondents’ academic performance.

Ho2: There is no significant relationship between involvement of parents in

respect of the education to their children?

Significance of the study

The results of this study gives a great benefits to the following:

Students. This study will help them to develop their interest in every subject in

every discussion so that they would get a high academic performance.

Parents. To be aware that their children are having a low academic

performance, and also to improve their parenting styles.

Teachers. The given data will help the teachers in finding some different

strategies in teaching.

Principal. Would enable the fellow teachers to strengthen the teachings in every

room.

Canduman National High School. It will give the school a good impression and

it would help every student from Canduman National High School to

improve their Logical and Critical Thinking Skills.

Future Researchers. This study will serve as their guide for their future

research will be undertaken. They will also use the gathered data as basis in

conducting studies for their own.

Scope and Limitation

This study primarily focuses on determining the relationship in academic

performance of the Senior High School students in relation to their parents’

parenting style in Canduman National High School. This study will be conducted

in the school year 2019-2020 and only Grade 11 and 12 students will be

interviewed.

Thus, any not related to this topic matter is not included in the scope of the

study and the researchers are not responsible for this scenario.

Definition of terms

To understand and clarify the study here are the following difficult words

and its meaning:

Parenting Styles. The different strategies that the parents use in promoting and

supporting their children who are Senior High School students in Canduman

National High School.

Parents. People who give support to their children having a low achieving grade

in Canduman National High School.

Senior High School Students. The students from Accounting Business and

Management, Humanities and Social Sciences, and General Academic Strand

from Senior High School Department especially in Grade 11 and 12.

Restrictive. An action used by parents where limitations of the students

happened.

Corporal Punishment. This are the activity that parents use punishment to

make their students or children to be responsible.

Low Achieving Grade. This are the Senior High School students having a low

academic perfosrmance.

Authoritarian. Parents exercise full control on their children and they don’t

listen to the children wants.

Permissive. In which parents are tolerant of their child, they also use

punishments as possible, make few demands for mature behavior and allow

considerably by the child's self-regulation.

Authoritative. Parents set limitations and standards to their children at the

same time they listen to their children side.

Uninvolved. Parents are not involved in their children life where children can do

any things whatever they like.