4PTC INDUSTRIES LTD. PROCEDURE FOR Doc No.

: PTC-AMTC-RT-NDT-0
COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY TESTING OF Rev. No. : 00
CASTING Page No.: 1 of
Date : 21/05/2020

1. SCOPE:
1. This Computed Radiography testing Procedure is applicable for Castings of Stainless Steel,
Carbon Steel, Duplex & Super Duplex Steel, NAB and Titanium up to 200 mm thickness.
2. In this system, the exposure of the casting is taken on a Phosphorous imaging plate when they
are exposed to radiation energy. These imaging plates are scanned on a scanner and digital
images of the casting are obtained on a computer display. These digital images can be
processed using a software and indications if any are observed and marked on the image by
way of annotation. These images will be stored on the hard drive of the computer system and
shared with the clients’ inspectors via email or cloud. A copy of the images will be made on
DVDs and stored for the durations specified in the contracts.

2. APPLICABLE STANDARDS:
1. ASME B16.34 Edition-2017
2. ASME Sec. V Art. 2
3. ASME Sec. VIII Div.-1
4. ISO 17636-2 Edition 2013

Note: This procedure is as per ASME standards mentioned above. Only the methodologies of obtaining
certain parameters like Basic Spatial resolution, Normalised Signal to Noise ratio etc., which are not
specified in ASME standards, have been adopted from ISO standard.

3. PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION:
The persons involved with computerized radiography shall be qualified as below:
1. Persons conducting radiography shall be BARC Level 1 or 2 certified personnel.
2. Persons doing the interpretation and storage shall be BARC/ISO 9712/In-house Level 2.
3. BARC conducts training and certification of BARC Level 1 and 2 persons. These persons
are trained and certified for radiation safety as well by BARC.
4. ASNT NDT Level 3 person along with the CR equipment manufacturer will train and
certify In – house Level 1 and 2.
5. ASNT NDT Level 3 will be responsible for all Radiography testing.

4. REQUIRED EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES:

1. Radiation source-
X-Ray – Up to 20mm thickness.
Ir-192 – 20 mm to 50 mm.
Co-60 – Above 50mm.

Prepared By Approved By
Sign : Sign :

Name: Ranjit Kumar Singh Name:

NDT Level-2 UT,MT,PT,RT
ISO 9712 Level-2 RT,MT,PT (ASNT Level-III )
 4PTC INDUSTRIES LTD. PROCEDURE FOR Doc No. : PTC-AMTC-RT-NDT-0
COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY TESTING OF Rev. No. : 00
CASTING Page No.: 1 of
Date : 21/05/2020

2. Phosphor Imaging Plate (IP)

a) Fuji film UR-1 or ST-VI
b) Care stream-HR or GP
c) Other equivalent IP from reputed manufacturer.
3. IP Scanner with CR Machine (Make Durr.)
4. Viewing Software: – D-TECT installed on a Computer System & a Monitor with good resolution
(Min. 2 MP) for image interpretation.
5. Image Quality Indicators (IQI) - Wire type as per ASTM E747.
6. Duplex IQI as per ISO 17636-2 (2013)
7. Lead Screen- Front & Back
8. TLD Badges for Radiation Workers.
9. Calibrated and Proper working condition Survey Meter.
10. Fencing rope, Blinker, chalk, Permanent marker, scale, Stop Watch.

5. CALIBRATION AND PERIODIC CONTROL:

1. The calibration of the CR equipment shall be done annually or when the equipment undergoes
any major repair, by the manufacturer or their appointed agents.

6. SURFACE CONDITION:
1. Casting surface irregularities on both sides shall be removed such that the resulting
radiographic image due to any surface irregularities cannot mask or be confused with the
image of any discontinuities.

7. EXAMINATION METHOD:
1. SINGLE WALL EXPOSURE-In this Technique radiation Passes through single wall of casting.
2. DOUBLE WALL EXPOSURE-Where single wall exposure not possible then double wall exposure
is used. In This Technique radiation passes through Double wall of casting.
(a) SINGLE WALL VIEWING-Radiation passes through two walls and image formed on
Radiograph of only film side wall. Radiograph shall be viewed Double wall Single Image.
For complete coverage of circumference, min three exposures shall be required.
(b) DOUBLE WALL VIEWING- Radiation passes through two walls and Double image formed
on Radiograph. Radiograph shall be viewed Double wall Double Image. It is applicable
when Outer Dia. Is less than 89 mm.
3. Radiography shooting shall be done as per approved Shooting Sketch.

8 FRONT AND BACK LEAD SCREENS:

1. Front and back lead screens of at least 0.15mm shall be used along with the IP, to protect it
from scattered radiation and to provide intensification.

Prepared By Approved By
Sign : Sign :

Name: Ranjit Kumar Singh Name:

NDT Level-2 UT,MT,PT,RT
ISO 9712 Level-2 RT,MT,PT (ASNT Level-III )
 4PTC INDUSTRIES LTD. PROCEDURE FOR Doc No. : PTC-AMTC-RT-NDT-0
COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY TESTING OF Rev. No. : 00
CASTING Page No.: 1 of
Date : 21/05/2020

2. If required an additional filter of minimum 0.2mm shall be used to protect the film from
secondary radiation from the object.

9. BACKSCATTER:
1. To confirm that the IP is sufficiently protected from backscatter, a lead letter ‘B’ of at least
10mm size shall be affixed to the back of the cassette.
2. If an image of this lead letter ‘B’ appears with a lower gray value (whitish) compared to the
nearby area, it implies that the protection is not sufficient. A darker image of this lead letter is
acceptable.

10. IDENTIFICTION OF RADIOGRAPHS:

1. Using lead numbers, information about the casting being radiographed shall be fixed on
the object being radiographed. The images of the lead numbers shall appear on the CR
image, outside the area of interest.
2. Similarly each section radiographed shall also have location markers of lead to mark the
section tested. These location markers shall appear on the CR image.
3. Permanent marking shall be made on the casting to indicate the sections as
radiographed. If permanent marking is not possible on the casting, a drawing or sketch
of the same shall be marked to denote the sections tested.
4. A minimum of 25 mm overlap shall be available on the CR images of adjacent sections.

11. GEOMETRIC UNSHARPNESS:

Geometric unsharpness (Ug) is applicable to all production radiography.

1. Geometric unsharpness (Ug) shall be as per Table T-274.2 of ASME Sec V.

2. It can be calculated using the formula
Ug=(dxt)/SOD

Where d=source size

t=thickness of object (Object to film distance)
SOD= Source to object distance
3. The Ug obtained from Table T-274-2 shall be used in the formula above to achieve the
minimum SOD that can be used.

12. UNSHARPNESS USING DUPLEX WIRE IQI:

Prepared By Approved By
Sign : Sign :

Name: Ranjit Kumar Singh Name:

NDT Level-2 UT,MT,PT,RT
ISO 9712 Level-2 RT,MT,PT (ASNT Level-III )
 4PTC INDUSTRIES LTD. PROCEDURE FOR Doc No. : PTC-AMTC-RT-NDT-0
COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY TESTING OF Rev. No. : 00
CASTING Page No.: 1 of
Date : 21/05/2020

This unsharpness is required to be verified for each thickness range once only to qualify the CR system
for a particular setting. It is not to required to be used for production radiographs until any of the CR
parameters are changed.

1. A shot is taken keeping the Duplex IQI at an angle of 2° to 5° with respect to the rows or
columns of the IP.
2. The wire pair required as per thickness from Table B.13 of ISO 17636-2:2013, shall be
unresolved. Ex-: For a 40 mm thick object, D7 shall be the first unresolved pair. Then we achieve
a Basic spatial resolution of 200 microns as per Class A technique and an unsharpness of 0.4mm

13. BASIC SPATIAL RESOLUTION (SRb):

SRb is half of the unsharpness achieved as above. So, for the example above, the SRb is 0.2mm
(200microns) for 40mm thickness if wire pair D7 of the Duplex IQI is unresolved.

14. SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO (SNR):

SNR is measured using the software provided for image processing. The Region of Interest (20X55 pixels)
is selected and the value of SRb is entered into the window that pops up. The SNR is then shown in the
window. As per Table 3 of ISO 17636-2:2013, SNRn shall not be less than 70 for class A technique.

15. PLACEMENT & SELECTION OF ASTM IQIs:

1. Wire type IQIs shall be selected as per T-276 of ASME Sec. V Art- 2, as per thickness of the job.
2. Image quality indicator shall be used always at the Source side. (If not applicable put IQIs at film
side with letter-“F”)
3. IQIs selection & Sensitivity shall be as per table T-276 of ASME Sec. V Art- 2 Table attached on
annexure-1.

16. VIEWING AND INTERPRETATION:

1. The Gray value shall be between 4500 –15000 in the area of interest on the original
(as Scanned) image.
2. Sensitivity shall be as per table T-276 of Art. 2 ASME Sec. V
3. The area of interest shall be free from any artifacts that can mask relevant indication
or can be confused with image of any discontinuities.
4. Images on the Computer display shall be viewed in a room with subdued lighting
such that no light is reflected from the display surface.
5. Using the Viewing Software Contrast & brightness have to be adjusted so that a clear
image of the area of interest is obtained.
6. Any unacceptable indication shall be annotated on the digital image.

Prepared By Approved By
Sign : Sign :

Name: Ranjit Kumar Singh Name:

NDT Level-2 UT,MT,PT,RT
ISO 9712 Level-2 RT,MT,PT (ASNT Level-III )
 4PTC INDUSTRIES LTD. PROCEDURE FOR Doc No. : PTC-AMTC-RT-NDT-0
COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY TESTING OF Rev. No. : 00
CASTING Page No.: 1 of
Date : 21/05/2020

17. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

Evaluation of images shall be as per ASME B16.34 App 1, which refers to ASTM E446 and ASTM
E186 reference radiographs. The Acceptance Criteria/Level as per ASME Sec. VIII Div-1 App. 1 or
as per Customer requirement.

18. PRECAUTIONS:–
1. Radiography activity shall be performed under supervision of site in charge authorized by
BARC.
2. Check radiation level with Radiation survey meter prior and after use at the entrance of the
exposure room.
3. During Radiography Testing operator must wear TLD badge.
4. To ensure that your camera is switch off after working.
5. After working Radiography Camera should be disassembled.

19. TEST REPORT (ATTACH SAMPLE REPORT COPY) Annexure-2

1. The original scanned image in DICONDE format shall be submitted to client for
review along with a report of the casting.

ANNEXURE-1

Prepared By Approved By
Sign : Sign :

Name: Ranjit Kumar Singh Name:

NDT Level-2 UT,MT,PT,RT
ISO 9712 Level-2 RT,MT,PT (ASNT Level-III )
4PTC INDUSTRIES LTD. PROCEDURE FOR Doc No. : PTC-AMTC-RT-NDT-0
COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY TESTING OF Rev. No. : 00
CASTING Page No.: 1 of
Date : 21/05/2020

Prepared By Approved By
Sign : Sign :

Name: Ranjit Kumar Singh Name:

NDT Level-2 UT,MT,PT,RT
ISO 9712 Level-2 RT,MT,PT (ASNT Level-III )
4PTC INDUSTRIES LTD. PROCEDURE FOR Doc No. : PTC-AMTC-RT-NDT-0
COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY TESTING OF Rev. No. : 00
CASTING Page No.: 1 of
Date : 21/05/2020

Annexure-2

Format No. F-Q-08 Rev. 01

PTC INDUSTRIES LIMITED
(Advance Manufacturing and Technology Center)
NH-25A Saraisahjadi Lucknow-227101
  RADIOGRAPHY TEST REPORT
RT Report No. :- Date:- IMT Ref. report No.:- Date :-
R.S.S. No. :- Date:- Technique Sheet no.:- Date :-
Customer Name :- PO. No. :- Date :-
Item Description :- Drg. No.:-
Material :- Heat No. :- Strength :- Source Size :-
Equipment :- Source :- IQI Used :- Density Range :-
Film used :- Screen :- Customer Spec. No. :-
PTC Procedure No. :- Acceptance Level :-
Acceptance Standard:- Standard Reference Radiograph :-
S.N Location Job Film SFD Observed Density Type& Level of Remarks
o Thk Size IQ min max. Disconuity
. I .
Prepared By Approved By
Sign : Sign :

Name: Ranjit Kumar Singh Name:

NDT Level-2 UT,MT,PT,RT
ISO 9712 Level-2 RT,MT,PT (ASNT Level-III )
4PTC INDUSTRIES LTD. PROCEDURE FOR Doc No. : PTC-AMTC-RT-NDT-0
COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY TESTING OF Rev. No. : 00
CASTING Page No.: 1 of
Date : 21/05/2020

                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
Legend:-
R.S.S.-Radiography Shooting Sketch IQI -Image Quality Indicator   A -Porosity B -Inclusion GP -Gas Porosity
C -Shrinkage D -Crack E - Hot Tear F - Insert G - Mottling NSI - No Significant Indication
Prepared By Checked By
Sign. Sign.
Name :- Name :-

Prepared By Approved By
Sign : Sign :

Name: Ranjit Kumar Singh Name:

NDT Level-2 UT,MT,PT,RT
ISO 9712 Level-2 RT,MT,PT (ASNT Level-III )