SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, and SOCIETY: Philippine history

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
 Explain the historical timeline of science and
technology in the Philippines.
 Analyze the development of science and technology in the Philippines.
 Synthesize and create their own understanding on the different periods of the history of science and
technology in the Philippines.

Ferdinand Marcos

Ferdinand Marcos was elected president There are many things we do

of the Philippines in 1965. In 1972 he not want about the world. Let
imposed martial law and seized dictatorial us not just mourn them. Let
powers. A massive four-day protest us change them.
known as the People Power Movement
-Ferdinand E. Marcos
forced him from office in 1986 and
restored democracy in the Philippines.

The Philippines
- A Third World country
- Science and Technology will determine the socio-economic growth of the country.
- The continuous development in the field of science and technology could make a different
history for our country.
• Historical background of science and Technology in the Philippines
Pre-Spanish period
- few written information with regards to its society,
culture, and technology
- We relied on archeological findings to trace the beginning
of how the Filipinos lived with the use of science and
technology.
- modern man from Asian mainland first came over land on across narrow channels to live in Batangas and
Palawan about 4800 B.C.
- made simple tools and weapons of stone flakes and later
developed skills like sawing and polishing stones.

“Little is known of the early human settlement of the Philippines. Scientific evidence remains inconclusive. It is generally
accepted that the first significant human settlement occurred sometime during the most recent ice age, the Pleistocene
Epoch. At that time sea levels were lower, creating land bridges that connected the Southeast Asian mainland to some of
the present-day islands of the Malay Archipelago, south of the Philippine Islands. Historians theorize that Paleolithic
hunters from the mainland may have followed herds of wild animals across these land bridges, later finding their way to
the Philippine Islands. “

During 3,000B.C.,they
-learned to produce adzes ornament of seashell pottery
adz – woodworking tool: a tool similar to an ax,with an arched blade set at right angles to
the handle
Use: trimming and shaping wood

During 2,000B.C.,they learned how to use

-porcelains
-metal as their tools (metal age -3rd century B.C. to 11th century A.D.
During iron age, Filipinos were
- involved in ore mining such as copper, gold, bronze, and iron
- engaged into weaving, ship building, mining and farming
- finest products of engineering is the BANAUE RICE TERRACES
They built refined plank-built warship called caracoa that is well suited for inter-island trade.
- Locales from Butuan- were trading with Champa (Vietnam) from Ma-I (Mindoro) with China
- They built refined plank-built warship called caracoa that is well suited for inter-island trade.

Roman Ship

Most Roman ships designed for commerce

or war featured distinctive square sails. Long
banks of oars propelled the ships swiftly
through the water. Warships often had
additional protective coverings to shield the
crew from fire and missiles.

 Before the Spaniards came, Filipinos were already aware of activities and practices related to science
and technology.
- learned the curative values of plants and able to extract the medicine out of it
- had an alphabet, counting methods, weights and measuring system, calendar based on the period of
the moon

SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

- Spaniards introduced formal education and
scientific institution
- Parish schools were established teaching
religion, reading and writing, arithmetic &
music
- established colleges and universities,
University of Sto. Tomas – the oldest
university in Asia
- Medicine was prioritized during the Spanish colonization
- Spaniards’ contributions:
1. in the field of engineering by constructing:
a. government establishments
b. churches
c. roads
d. bridges
e. forts
2. Biology was highlighted during this period.
3. Galleon trade made a big impact in the economic
growth of the Philippines.
- Spaniards gave priority to the galleon trade due to its potential to make huge profits.
- Agriculture and industrial development were not given focus and were neglected during this time.

- When Suez Canal was built, visiting each other countries for Europeans and Filipinos was made
possible and was probably influenced by the rapid development of scientific ideals brought by
the Age of Enlightenment.
AMERICAN PERIOD AND POST-COMMONWEALTH ERA
- During American period the progress of science and technology has continued under their rule.
 - The establishment of Bureau of Government Laboratories was made in July 1, 1901 by the
Philippine commission.
- Purpose : To study the tropical diseases and
laboratory projects in the country
- Bureau of science Government 1905
-replaced the Bureau of Government Laboratories curious
-became the primary center of the country

- National Research Council of the Philippines was established on December 8, 1933.

- Science was inclined towards agriculture, food processing, forestry, medicine and pharmacy.
- Institute of Sciencein1946 – replaced the Bureau of Science

-In 1950, US Economic Survey reported the problems of the Philippines:

1. lack of basic information
2. no support
3. minimal budget
4. low compensation
- During the of Carlos P. Garcia in 1958, the Philippine Congress passed the bill entitled “ The Science Act of
1958” which goal is to establish the National Science Development Board.”

MARCOS ERA
- Science was given importance
- As amended in 1973 in the Philippine Constitution
in terms of national development, priority shall be
given in advancement of science and technology
- In his SONA, Marcos declared that there is a need for science in public school and with he help
of Department of Education in partnership with the National Science Development Board.
Aim: TO PROVIDE SCIENCE-TEACHING EQUIPMENT
FOR THE PERIOD OF FOUR(4) YEARS
 In 1968, Technology was recognized as the top
reason in economic development.
 Extra funds was given to support projects in applied science and science education.

 In 1969, large amount of war damage fund was allotted to private universities to encourage
them to create courses on science curriculum. teaching equipment
 Teaching equipment is crucial to the science
development program.

 Marcos declared Presidential Decree No. 49, series of 1972 as a support for promoting the scientific
research and invention.

 establishment of PAGASA which function is to give environmental protection and to utilize

scientific knowledge to ensure the safety of the nation.
 Establishment of the National Academy of Science and Technology in 1976 to have scientists who are
expert in science and technology.

 In 1986, Marcos established campuses of Philippine

Science High School in Visayas and Mindanao to
encourage the youth in these areas to choose a
career in science and technology.
AIM: TO TAP THE POTENTIAL STUDENTS
ON THE SAID AREAS.
• Fifth republic
Corazon C. Aquino was the president
 She replaced National Science and Technology with Department of Science and Technology, giving
science and technology a seat in the cabinet.

Fidel Ramos was the president

 Republic Act No. 8439 in 1997 was approved,
entitled “Magna Carta for Science and Technology”
Purpose: To give incentives and rewards to people
 Purpose: To give incentives and rewards to people
who made an impact and was influential in
the field of Science and Technology

JOSEPH ESTRADA was the president

 Internet age was pushed for the advancement of
schools and industry.
GLORIA M. ARROYO was the president
 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY REACHED ITS
GOLDEN AGE.

 Ra 9367 – the “biofuels” act

 promotes the development and usage
of biofuels throughout the country

BENIGNO AQUINO was the president

 Four scientists were given honor for giving huge contributions in the scientific field that
geared towards the advancement of science and technology of the country.

• Historical Timeline:art presentation

Duration of Activity: 30 minutes
Materials Needed:
• 1/4 illustration board
• Coloring or art materials
• Glue
• Pair of scissors
• Pictures of Filipino invention and inventors per era/period
Instructions:
1.Divide the class into groups with five members each.
2.Make historical timeline of the inventions in Phil. History.
3.Present and explain your work in class