Contents:-

 Flow Sheet with standard conventions

 HAZOP study on major equipments
 Key factors for site selection
 Types of environmental emissions and their impacts
 Primary cost estimation
 Key factors for the selection of plant site.

These are the preliminary factors which involve for the selection of plant site.
1) Natural resources.
2) Raw materials availability.
3) Environment conditions.
4) Transportation.
5) Waste disposal.
6) Economic condition of the site or country.
7) Culture.

There are many other factors which may include for the selection of plant site.As we are
working on the manufacturing of “butanal” so we should know the best available
technique(optimum technique) for the manufacturing of our target product.We also should
have the knowledge about the suitable conditions for our process.There are various
technologies that are used for the preparation of butanal the most common is
hydroformylation.The process was first discovered by Otto Roelen in 1938.

The process requires large amount of syn gas and propylene so we should select a location
where these raw materials are easily available.Since the syn gas can easily transported through
pipeline so plant should not be located near the well of syngas because it may cause problem in
future.it is more profitable to locate a plant near market.Adequate power and water supply
would rant quite high.The plant size may be increase in future so more consideration would be
given to transportation.

Beside all that the other important factor is that site should have clear record of natural
disasters like earthquake, flooding etc.So we should select location for our plant in punjab side.
Because raw materials can easily be available there and there is also good transportation
facilities there and there are also many places where land can be easily available at low cost.
 Comparison of our site with other sites.
Lets compare our site with the other sites.For example hilly area has more earthquake records
which we have seen in the past few decades and there are also transportation issues there.The
most important is climate hilly areas have very cold weather in winter and our selected location
have moderate weather even in winter.hilly areas has also power shortage issues and our
location don’t have these sort of issues.

Advantages of our site

1) Raw material can easily be available.

2) Good transportation condition.

3) Favourable climate.

Disadvantages of our site

1) Water shortage problem may occur.

2) Waste dissposal problem may occur.

Types of environmental Emission

Our process is the best among all other processes and also very environmental friendly among
all. Lets compare our process with some other processes and see the results. There are three
process for te manufacturing of Butanal. These are under there.

1) Selective hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde.

2) Ferementation.

3) Hydroformylation of propylene.

Lets discuss these processes their yield, by products and effects on environment one by one.

Cost Estimation
There are equipment in our plant let’s do there cost estimation.

Cost estimation of distillation column

Ce = a+b(S)n

Shell mass :

M=3646 kg
Slower =160 kg

Supper = 250000kg

Mass lies within range

a = 11600

b = 34

n = 0.85

Ce = a+b(S)n =11600+34(3464)0.85

Ce=$ 47826

For reactor(CSTR)
Volume : 5.72 m3

Slower =0.5m3

Supper = 100 m3

volume lies within range

a = 61500

b = 32500

n= 0.8; s= energy req

Ce = a+b(S)n = 61500+32500(5.72)0.8=$ 192660.

For heat exchanger

Equipment type :

Double pipe heat exchanger.

Driver power:
48 Kw

Slower = 45 Kw

Supper = 16800 Kw

Power lies within range

a = 260000

b = 2700

n = 0.75

c 2600000+2700(48)0.75 = $ 309230

There are 5 heat exchangers so

309230(5)= $ 1546150

Cost estimation on stripper

Shell mass: M=288kg

Slower = 160 kg

Supper = 250000 kg

Area lies within range

a = 11600

b = 34

n = 0.85

Ce = a+b(S)n = 11600+34(288)0.85=15788$.

Fixed capital cost = 15788+1546150+192660+47826=1802424$

Working capital cost = 10-20% of fixed capital cost.

1802424(0.15) = 270363.6$
Total investment = Fixed capital cost + working capital cost

= 1802424+270363.6

= 2072787.6$.