TSB 88 Seminar Final

APCO TSB-88 Seminar
Carl “Bernie” Olson, Previously Chair TIA TR8.18

R b t Shapiro,
Robert Sh i I
Incoming
i Vice
Vi Chair
Ch i TR8.18
TR8 18
TSB-88 Suite to Govt. Entities
Good News
From: Stephanie Montgomery [SMontgomery@tiaonline.org]

Sent: Friday, July 16, 2010 7:44 AM
To: Randy Bloomfield
Cc: Henry Cuschieri; Ronda Coulter
Subject: FW: Request for Consideration of Adding Documents to TIA's Standards for Government ftp
Site
Sit
Good morning Randy,
TIA investigated the addition of TIA-603-C and the TSB-88 suite of standards to the existing list of TIA-
102 standards that we pprovide ggratis to g
government entities. After due p
process, it was agreed
g to add
these documents to the FTP of P25 standards. Ronda will be notified and will add them next week,
Have a good weekend. - Stephanie

The TSB-88 Suite is not
Stephanie Montgomery a standard,
standard TSBs are
Director, Technology and Business Development viewed as best practices
Telecommunications Industry Association
d: 703.907.7735
smontgomery@tiaonline.org | tiaonline.org | address/directions
“TIA TSB-88 - What Is It, How to
U It,
Use I andd What
Wh Are
A Its
I Benefits”
B fi ”
“One
One of the most difficult tasks facing anyone involved in
the specification and purchase of a new radio system
is finding an equitable benchmark for network
performance to use in evaluating different vendor
proposals. With the wide variety of propagation
models that can be used to plan, design and simulate
y
radio system coverage,
g identifying
y g the solution that
best meets your performance requirements can be
daunting. TIA Technical Service Bulletin (TSB)-88
provides the most comprehensive set of technical
guidelines on how to plan,
plan design,
design and simulate the
performance of narrowband/spectrum efficient
networks.”
Page 3 TSB-88 Seminar Aug 2010

“PREDICT WHAT YOU CAN TEST FOR
AND
TEST FOR WHAT YOU PREDICT”

Why was TSB-88 Created?
• Technology gy Neutral Frequency

q y coordination of
 Disparate Modulations
 Different Channel Offsets
• Explain the technical issues describing
coverage and reliability
• Define Audio Intelligibility (DAQ)
• Develop methodology for Acceptance Testing
• Provide technical solutions for software
developers
• Identify data sets for use in predictions

What can TSB-88 do for you?
• U
Understand
de sta d Reliability
e ab ty vs.s Co
Coverage
e age
• Understand how adjacent channel interference
differs from co-channel interference
• Determine performance parametric values
• Propagation modeling
• How an acceptance test should be constructed
and conducted
• How to identify and mitigate interference and
noise

TSB-88 Areas of Influence
Applicable Desired Signal

Reference NA NPSPAC A WA P-25 D OTHER
NA TIA-603 TSB-88 TSB-88 TSB-88 TSB-88

Interrfering
NPSPAC A TSB-88 TIA-603 TSB-88 TSB-88 TSB-88

gnal
WA TSB-88 TSB-88 TIA-603 TSB-88 TSB-88

Sig
P-25 D TSB-88 TSB-88 TSB-88 TIA-102 TSB-88

OTHER TSB-88 TSB-88 TSB-88 TSB-88 TSB-88
TIA-603/102 - Normative methods & requirements

TSB-88 - Informative - Best Practices

Where are we today? Ref: 603-D, 102.CAAA/B, TSB-88.#-C
• Analog Radios • Digital P-25 1 Radios • Recommended methods

• Companion Rcvr •102 CAAA-Measurements
•102.CAAA-Measurements for all combinations of
• D version approved •102.CAAB-Values analog and digital radios
for publication • Companion Rcvr • Various Rcvrs, BW and
• Required ACPR offsets & BW frequency offsets
• 2 102.CCAA/B (drafting) • Propagation and CATP

History (Living Documents)
• WG8.8 Started in 1994 to resolve the issues

just described
• TIA TSB-88-O Published Jan 1998
• WG8.8
WG8 8 upgraded to standard development
organization, TR8.18
 TIA TSB-88-A 6/99
 TIA TSB-88-A1 1/02
 TIA TSB-88-B 6/04
 TIA TSB
TSB-88-B1
88 B1 5/05
 TIA TSB-88.#-C Divided into Multiple volumes
due to size and stability issues

History (Continued)
TSB-88.1-C TSB-88.2-C TSB-88.3-C TSB-88.4-C

Performance Propagation & Acceptance 4.9 GHz
Modeling Noise Testing & Broadband
Interference
Feb 2008 Apr 2009 Feb 2008 Drafting
TSB-88.1-C1 TSB-88.3-C1
May 2010 Jan 2010
TSB-88.1-D Monitoring ITU
D fti
Drafting for new models

CPC Service Area Reliability
• TSB-88.1-C:
TSB-88 1-C: The probability of
achieving the desired DAQ over the
defined Service Area.
• In other Words: includes ALL the tiles in
the service area and average them.
• Alternative to only count those that
meet or exceed the criterion. Reasons
to be explained later.

Performance Parameters
• Define Audio Performance in terms of C/N /

 Static C/N for reference sensitivity, Cs/N
 Faded C/N for levels of improved audio performance,
CF/N
• Requirements vary with the type of modulation
and channel bandwidth
 Channel Performance Criteria (CPC) defines the
CF/(I+N) for equivalent intelligibility to analog FM
 Different CPC values equate to Delivered Audio
Quality (DAQ)
• Values provided in TSB-88.1-C and earlier
versions

CPC to DAQ, Specific to each modulation
CPC
Channel
Performance
Criteria
Modulation 1 Modulation n-1 Modulation n

……
Static
Reference
DAQ 3.0 DAQ 3.4 DAQ 4.0
Sensitivity
BER%/CF(I+N) BER%/CF(I+N) BER%/CF(I+N)
Ref/ CS/N

DAQ Definition for Analog
Based on equivalent intelligibility Center value is
the design
criteria
DAQ Static SINAD

Delivered Audio equivalent
Faded Subjective Performance Description intelligibility1,2
Quality
1 Unusable, Speech present but unreadable <8 dB
2 Understandable with considerable effort. Frequent 12 ± 4 dB
repetition due to Noise/Distortion
3 Speech understandable with slight effort. Occasional 17 ± 5 dB
repetition necessary due to Noise/Distortion
3.4 Speech understandable with repetition only rarely needed. 20 ± 5 dB3
Some Noise/Distortion
4 Speech easily understood. Occasional Noise/Distortion 25 ± 5 dB
4.5 Speech easily understood. Infrequent Noise/Distortion 30 ± 5 dB
5 Speech
p easily
y understood. >33
33 dB
1 The VCPC is set to the midpoint of the range.
2 Measurement of SINAD values in fading is not recommended for analog system performance assessment.
3 The 20 dBS equivalency necessitates a DAQ of approximately 3.4. This value can then be used for linear interpolation of the existing criteria. Non public safety CPC
specifications would normally request a DAQ of 3, while Federal Government agencies commonly use a DAQ of 3.4 at the boundary of a protected service area. Note
that regulatory limitations could preclude providing a high probability of achieving this level of CPC for portable in-building coverage. In addition, higher infrastructure
costs could be needed with potential lessened frequency reuse.

1) 2) 3) 4)
Modulation Type, Static . DAQ-3.0 . DAQ-3.4 . DAQ-4.0 .
CPC to DAQ (channel spacing)

ref /
Cs
N
BER% /
Cf
 I  N
BER% /
Cf
 I  N
BER% /
Cf
 I  N
draft TSB-88
TSB-88.1-D
1-D Analog
A l FM Radios
R di
Analog FM ± 2.5kHz (12.5 kHz) 12 dBS/7 dB N/A/23 dB N/A/26 dB N/A/33 dB
Analog FM ± 4kHz (25 kHz) 5) 12 dBS/5 dB N/A/19 dB N/A/22 dB N/A/29 dB
Analog FM ± 5kHz (25 kHz) 12 dBS/4 dB N/A/17 dB N/A/20 dB N/A/27 dB
Digital FDMA Radios
C4FM (IMBE) (12.5 kHz) 6) 5%/5.4 dB 2.6%/15.2 dB 2.0%/16.2 dB 1.0%/20.0 dB
C
C4FM (IMBE)
( ) (12.5
( kHz)) 7) 5%/7.6 dB 2.6%/16.5 dB 2.0%/17.7 dB 1.0%/21.2 dB
C4FM (VSELP)*) (12.5 kHz) 7) 5%/7.6 dB 1.8%/17.4 dB 1.4%/19.0 dB 0.85%/21.6 dB
CQPSK (IMBE) LSM, 9.6 kb/s(12.5 kHz) 5%/6.5 dB 2.6%/15.7 dB 2.0%/17.0 dB 1.0%/20.5 dB
CQPSK (IMBE) WCQPSK, 9.6 kb/s (12.5 kHz) 5%/6.5 dB 2.6%/15.4 dB 2.0%/16.8 dB 1.0%/20.2 dB
CVSD “XL” CAE (25 kHz) 8.5%/4.0 dB 5.0%/12.0 dB 3.0%/16.5 dB 1.0%/20.5 dB
CVSD “XL”XL CAE (NPSPAC) 8) 8 5%/4 0 dB
8.5%/4.0 5 0%/14 0 dB
5.0%/14.0 3 0%/18 5 dB
3.0%/18.5 1 0%/22 5 dB
1.0%/22.5
CVSD “XL” 4 Level (25 kHz) 8.5%/4.0 dB 5.0%/18.0 dB 3.0%/21.5 dB 1.0%/27.0 dB
EDACS® Narrowband Digital 5%/7.3 dB 2.6%/16.7 dB 2.0%/17.7 dB 1.0%/21.2 dB
EDACS® NPSPAC8 Digital 5%/6.3 dB 2.6%/15.7 dB 2.0%/16.7 dB 1.0%/20.2 dB
EDACS® Wideband Digital (25 kHz) 5%/5.3 dB 2.6%/14.7 dB 2.0%/15.7 dB 1.0%/19.2 dB
dPMR 4.8 kb/s (AMBE+2) (6.25 kHz) 5%/7.8 dB 2.6%/16.3 dB 2.0%/17.5 dB 1.0%/20.8 dB
NXDN 4.8 kb/s (AMBE+2) (6.25 kHz) 5%/7.3 dB 2.6%/15.7 dB 2.0%/17.0 dB 1.0%/20.2 dB
NXDN 9.6 kb/s (AMBE+2) (12.5 kHz) 5%/7.0 dB 2.6%/15.5 dB 2.0%/16.7 dB 1.0%/19.9 dB
Tetrapol 5%/4.0 dB 1.8%/14.0 dB 1.4%/15.0 dB 0.85%/19.0 dB
WidePulse C4FM (25 kHz) 5%/9.8 dB 2.6%/17.2 dB 2.0%/18.5 dB 1.0%/21.8 dB
Digital
g TDMA Radios
ETSI DMR 2 slot TDMA (AMBE +2) (12.5 kHz) 5%/5.3 dB 2.6%/14.3 dB 2.0%/15.6 dB 1%/19.4 dB
F4GFSK (AMBE) OpenSky®2-slot 5%/11.0 dB 3.5%/17.0 dB 2.5%/19.0 dB 1.3%/22.0 dB
F4GFSK (AMBE) OpenSky®4-slot 5%/11.0 dB 1.3%/22.0 dB 0.9%/24.0 dB 0.5%/27.0 dB
HDQPSK 12 kb/s (AMBE+2) TBD TBD TBD TBD
HCPM 12 kb/s (AMBE+2) TBD TBD TBD TBD
9
Cellular Type Digital Radios (TDMA)
DIMRS – iDEN (25 kHz) 6:1
® Footnote 9 Footnote 9 Footnote 9 Footnote 9
TETRA (25 kHz) 4:1 Footnote 9 Footnote 9 Footnote 9 Footnote 9

DAQ Definition for P25 Digital Radio Vocoders
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 2

C4FM HDQPSK HCPM
DAQ 3 2 6%
2.6% [3 1%]
[3.1%] [3 3%]
[3.3%]
DAQ 3.4 2.0% [2.4%] [2.6%]
DAQ 4 1.0% [1.2%] [1.4%]
Phase 1 values are based on enhanced IMBE vocoder.

Phase 2 values in square brackets are proposed values using the P25
AMBE vocoder.

Contour Reliability
• TSB
TSB-88.1-C:
88.1 C: The probability of
obtaining the CPC at the boundary of
the Service Area. It is essentially the
minimum allowable design probability
for a specified performance.

Covered Area Reliability
• Think “Average
Average Area Reliability
Reliability”
• TSB-88.1-C: The tile-based area reliability for
only those tiles at or exceeding the minimum
required tile reliability. It can be used as a
system
y acceptance
p criterion.
• This includes all the tiles above a computed
(or predetermined value) whose combined
average meets or exceeds the specified
reliability value.

Contour vs. Area Reliability (95% example)
< 5% ffringe
i Doesn t meet CPC
Doesn’t <15% ffringe
i
< 3% criterion <10%
< 2% <5%
< 1% <1%
Area Reliability Vs. Contour Reliability (n = 3.5)
Contour Reliability 95% 100 Contour, Reliability 85%

Service Area, Reliability 95%
Service Area Reliability 97% 98
Std Dev
5.6
6.5 dB
8.0 dB
3:1
96
Areaa Reliability (%)
94
92
90
88
86
70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Contour Reliability (%)

Reliability Vs. Coverage
• Reliability, the average of the individual tile

probabilities
 all within the Service Area
 equall or exceed
d CPC/DAQ
C C/ Q within
h SAS
 Averaging averages OK when all have equal
weights
• Coverage, the percentage of tiles
[geog ap y] (indicated
[geography] ( d cated by “coloring”)
co o g ) that
t at
equal or exceed the specified VCPC/DAQ

Tile-based Area Reliability
• The tile-based area reliability is the average of the
individual tile reliabilities over a predefined area. In
the Land Mobile Service,
Service it is used in the following two
forms:
 Covered Area Reliability is defined as the average of the
individual tile-based reliabilities for only those tiles at or
exceeding
di theth minimum
i i required
i d tile
til reliability.
li bilit It can be
b
used to predict the target system area reliability for an
acceptance criterion. Acceptance testing eliminates identified
areas where criterion is not achieved or cannot be tested due
t accessibility.
to ibilit
 Service Area Reliability is defined as the average of the
individual tile-based reliabilities for all tiles within the service
area. It p provides useful supplemental
pp information.
Acceptance testing based on Covered Area reliability
• Be aware that in mountainous terrain, e.g. a National Forest,
requesting a High Service Area Reliability could require a very
g number of radio sites, with the accompanying
large p y g costs.

Bounded Area Percent Coverage (BACP)
• Colors all tiles that meet or exceed the

margin required for the DAQ and VCPC.
 Not the same as Covered Area Reliability or
Service Area Reliability
• Creates impression of greater reliability than actual Area
Reliability
 If all tiles ≥ 90% then 100% of tiles would be
colored
 Acceptance Testing needs to use Covered Area
Reliability to set the pass/fail criterion

Bounded Area Percent Coverage §5.3.6
• TSB
TSB-88
88.1
1-C:
C: The BAPC is the number of tiles within a
bounded area that contain a tile margin equal or
greater than that specified above the CPC
requirement,
i t divided
di id d by
b the
th total
t t l number
b off candidate
did t
tiles.
 The percent of TILES in a bounded area that meet or exceed
the specified reliability value.
 No Average Area Reliability is computed so no CATP target is
known.
 Should never be able to claim a reliability higher than the
Average Area Reliability

Calculate Tile Reliability,
y, Margins
g
• Predict median (50%) signal power at receiver

 Includes antenna and usage losses
• Determine the Inferred Noise Floor
 Sum the values of
Desired
Signal Numerous Interference
Sources
• Thermal Noise IM
Signal(s)
• Environmental Noise
Margin for
Reliability
Co-Ch, Adj-Ch, & Performance

OOBE Power Requirement Requirement
• Interference Noise
C/(I+N) Aggregate Noise &
Interference
Other
Noise
Goal is to control the co-channel,
adjacent channel, OOBE, IM power
and the receiver’s own internal
noise to achieve the desired ratio
• Available margin is
of desired signal to the composite
power of the undesired signals and
their effects for the desired level of
performance.
 Median Signal Power - Inferred Noise Floor

• Additional margin for CATP based on method
Calculate Tile Reliability, Margins (2)
• Calculate the reliability

y margin
g byy adjusting
j g
for:
 CPC required for DAQ criterion
 Uncertainty requirement (1 dB)
• AKA Confidence margin
 CATP test methodology (88.3)
• Greater than test
• Window test
• Adjusted margin/location standard deviation
= Z factor
• Convert Z factor to probability

Calculate Tile Reliability, Margins (3)
• If adjusted median signal power = -90.8 dBm
• Inferred Noise Floor adjusted = -122
122 dBm
• Available Margin = 31.2 dB (-90.8 -(-122))
 Reduce by 17 dB for CPC and 1 dB for confidence
• Available Margin = 31.2-17-1= 13.2 dB
• Z = 13.2/8 = 1.65 = 95.0% Tile Reliability
• Z = 13.2/5.6 = 2.36 = 99.0% Tile Reliability
Z Cum Prob Z Cum Prob
Lower standard
1 6500 95.053%
1.6500 95 053% 2 3571 99.079%
2.3571 99 079%
deviation produces
Use Goal Seek to determine either Use Goal Seek to determine either
higher reliability.
For Z set Cum Prob to desired as a numeric
Red is input, Blue is calculated probability
For Z set Cum Prob to desired as a numeric
Red is input, Blue is calculated probability
The value varies with
the accuracy of the
Single Single
datasets used
8 00 dB Std Dev
8.00 5 60 dB Std Dev
5.60
13.20 dB Margin for 95.053% 13.20 dB Margin for 99.079%

Coverage Prediction Example w/o Interference
-86
-88
-90 1 dB Design Goal
Confidence Margin -90.8 dBm
-92
92
-94
-96
-98 13.2 dB Margin
=8 dB
-100
95% Probability of
-102 achieving -105 dBm
-91.8 dBm
-104
-106
-108
Bm)
Power (dB
-110
Cf/N = 17 dB
-112 -105 dBm Example: Analog FM
-114 16 kHz ENBW
10 dB Noise Figure
-116
95% Reliability when  = 8 dB
-118
118 96 2% when
96.2% h Confidence
C fid added
dd d
-120 Thermal Noise Floor
Cs/N = 4 dB
-122 -122 dBm
-118 dBm
Cumulative Probability (%)

Adjacent Channel Power
• Uses Spect
Spectral
a Power
o e Density
e s ty (S
(SPD)) files
es for
o
various modulations
 Use Emission Designators to identify modulation
 Currently
C l have
h SPDs
SPD for
f commonly
l deployed
d l d and
d
proposed new modulations
 Supplied
pp byy manufacturers on actual hardware
• A recommend “associated” receiver
characteristics is provided for each modulation
 ENBW
 Simulation Filter Model

Adjacent Channel Power (2)
• Spreadsheet for each SPD file

 Frequency Offset
• Above or below carrier
 Receiver Filter Models
 ENBW of victim receiver
– Square Filter
– Root Raised Cosine (RRC)
– Butterworth
– 5 poles, 4 cascades
– 4 poles, 3 cascades
 Tables are provided for all practical combinations and offset
frequencies
 Graphs are provided for all practical combinations
 Provides the ability to determine the modulations’ Occupied BW

TSB-88.1-C covers 19 technologies
- Adjacent channel power tables at 11 standard channel spacings
- Receiver characteristics (tables of defined models)
- Modulation waveforms (SPD files from actual hardware)
- Performance CS/N & CF/N ((table for different DAQ
Q values))
• Analog FM ±2.5 kHz Peak Deviation • TETRA
• Analog FM ±4.0 kHz NPSPAC • TETRAPOL
• Analog FM ±5.0
±5 0 kHz Peak Deviation • Widepulse
• C4FM Phase 1 Project 25 • HPD - 25 kHz Data
• 4 Level FSK FDMA(6.25 kHz )dPMR • RD-LAP 9.6 Data
• DIMRS-iDEN
DIMRS iDEN® • RD-Lap
p 19.2 Data
• DMR 2-Slot TDMA MOTOTRBO™ addendum 1
• EDACS® 12.5 kHz • NXDN FSK FDMA(6.25 &12.5 kHz)
• EDACS® NPSPAC TSB-88.1-D
• EDACS® 25 kHz • WCQPSK
• F4GFSK - OpenSky® • HCPM
• LSM - Linear Simulcast Modulation • HDQPSK
• S
Securenet, 12 kbits/sec CVSD • CSM

Example
• What are the ACPRs for the case of a new P25

Phase 1 system 12.5 kHz offset from an
incumbent 25 kHz analog FM system
 800 MHz band example as below 512 MHz
narrowbanding will eliminate the wide band analog
FM beginning 1/1/2013
• Identify by the emission designators
 Analog FM 16K0F3E 12.6
12 6 kHz B-4-3
 P 25 C4FM 8K10F1E 5.76 kHz RRC =0.2

Graphical Example
Transmitter SPD Data File Identified by
• Emission Designator
• Type of modulation
• Manufacturer Information
Offset Frequency
12 5 kHz
12.5
Tx Tx
16K0F3E 8K10F1E
Rec Rec
12K6B0403 5K76R02||
Receiver Modeling Information from:
• Companion Transmitter's modulation
• ENBW & filter shape (Tables)

Existing 25 kHz Analog FM and +12.5 kHz P25
AFM ±5 kHz, with Root Raised Cosine (RRC) TIA Filter

P25 receiver FM receiver
model model C4FM ACP with TIA Butterworth Filter
0 0
C4FM
Analog
-10
10 Waveform
Waveform
-10
-20 -20
-30 -30
-40 -40 C4FM SPD

ude (dB)
ude (dB)
BF=4P-3C
-50 -50
Power per bin
Magnitu
Magnitu
-60 -60 ACP Integration
AFM ±5.spd
RRC Filter 32.5 dB ACPR
-70 -70
Power per binr 12.600 kHz ENBW
-80 ACP Integration -12.500 kHz Offset

-80
46.2 dB ACPR
-90 5.760 kHz ENBW -90
12.500 kHz Offset
-100 -100
-110 -110
-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Frequency (kHz) Frequency (kHz)
25 kHz Analog FM > P25 @12.5 kHz offset P25 > 25 kHz Analog FM @-12.5 kHz offset
ACPR = 46.2 dB ACPR = 32.5
32 5 dB
ACPR is the reduction of the interfering energy. Allows an upward adjustment of the
interfering contour value or reduction of ERP while using the normal contour value.
Asymmetrical results can occur with disparate modulations. Coordination analysis
should be done in both directions.

Spreadsheets and tools provided
• Special program developed to create

tables for all practical combinations
 ACPRUtil.exe
• Creates table data
 Excel Template for manufacturers data
• Does all the charting
 Completed Excel spreadsheet for each
modulation
 Excel tools for analysis

C4FM example (P-25 Phase 1 modulation)
• Perfect Filter
Carrier Frequency 150.000 MHz Butterworth Filter Calculator*
Bin Size 31.25 Hz F ±-3dB 9.504 kHz
RBW 119 Hz # of Poles 4
# of Cascades 3
Signal Power 1.03 mW IF fc Offset -12.500 kHz Offse • Extra Butterworth Calculator
0.147 dBm *Use Goal seek to set M9 to desired value by changing M4
Equivalent Noise BW 16.000 kHz ENBW
Adjacent Channel Power ACPR 18.8 dB ACPR
Offset -12.5 kHz Microsoft Excel
Worksheet
Demo 2
BW 5.8 kHz Graphed Butterworth Filter
F ±3dB 3 445 kHz
3.445
Start -15.4 kHz # of Poles 4
Stop -9.6 kHz # of Cascades 3 • Butterworth 4-3 / 5-4
IF fc Offset -12.500 kHz Offse
ACPR 70.6 dB Equivalent Noise BW 5.800 kHz ENBW

ACPR 68.2 dB ACPR
Red = Entered values RRC Filter

Blue = Calculated values Fsymbol= 5.8 ksps
Enter frequency offset (kHz) & select side

alpha=
Maximum
0.2
-120 • RRC Filter
Offset Frequency 12.500 kHz IF fc Offset -12.500 kHz Offse
Low Side High Side Equivalent Noise BW 5.800 kHz ENBW

ACPR 69.9 dB
Demo 1
1 ACPR
Rcvr ENBW 5.800 kHz
Enter Victim's ENBW (kHz), select alternate BF2 if applicable Microsoft Excel
BF 4P-3C (Normal) BF 5P-4C 1 BF=4P-3C BF=4P-3C Worksheet
Butterworth Calculator BF=5P-4C
BF2 4p-3c 3.445083922
BF2 5p-4c 3.451348330
Bins (1 Sided) 125
• Occupied BW Calculator
% Pwr 98.99%
Occupied BW 7.84 kHz
Use "Goal Seek" to set I37 to desired numeric value by changing I36

Why Only Tables rather than Curves/Equations?
• That was the original intent

• Modified because
 Computers still prefer tables to equations.
 Linear Interpolation is quick and easy
 Curve fits were not monotonic for analog FM due to the
“modulation hair”
 Curves are provided in the spreadsheets
• Trend lines easily added to determine equations
• Simplifies Adjustments for Frequency Stability
 Requirements vary with band
• High Band
• 450 MHz Band
• 700/800/900 MHz Bands

Stability
Assigned Channel Mobile Station Base Station
Frequency Bandwidth Stability Stability
(MHz) (kHz) (PPM) (PPM)
25 to 50 20 20 20
Requirements
25 & 30 5.0 5.0
12.5 & 15 5.0 2.5
138 to 174
12.5 (NTIA only) 2.5 1.5
6.25 & 7.5 2.0 1.0
380 to 400 25 5.0 5.0
406 to 420
(NTIA only) 12.5 2.0 1.0
• NTIA has different 25 5.0
5 0 5.0
5 0
requirements than FCC

421 to 512 12.5 2.5 1.5
6.25 1.0 0.5
768 to 769 Guard Band4
• Two choices 769 to 775
25
12.5
0.4 1, 2.5 2
0.4 1, 1.5 2
0.1
0.1
0 4 1, 1.0
102
• Recalculate using
6 25
6.25 0.4 01
0.1
775 to 776 Guard Band4
the spreadsheet & 798 to 799

25
Guard Band4
0.4 1, 2.5 2 Not Authorized
adjusted offset 799 to 805 12.5
6.25
0.4 1, 1.5 2
0.4 1, 1.0 2
Not Authorized
Not Authorized
Guard Band4
• Increase
I ENBW b by
805-806
806 to 8093 12.5 1.5 1.0
2X stability correction 809 to 8243

851 to 8543
25
12.5
2.5
1.5
1.5
1.0
854 to 8693 25 2.5 1.5
896 to 901 12.5 1.5 0.1
929 to 930 25 Not Authorized 1.5
935 to 940 12.5 Not Authorized 0.1
Annex A 1 When receiver AFC is locked to base station.
Annex B 2 When receiver AFC is not locked to base
From TSB-88.1-D station.
Annex C 3 Channelization shown is after NPSPAC
Draft rebanding. NPSPAC criteria will only apply to the new
NPSPAC blocks.
blocks
Annex D 4 Guard bands after band realignment

Frequency Stability Adjustment
• Based on lengthy
g y measurements at sites to
determine statistical variations
• unit = 0.4 * PPM * Freq(MHz)
• f   fixed    
2
SU
2
• Example:
 fix= 0.4
0 4  1.5
1 5  450 = 270 Hz Offset if using
 su = 0.4  2.5  450 = 450 Hz calculator
  f  = 525 Hz
2702  4502
 90% Confidence = 1.28
1 28* 525 = 672 Hz
 2 f = 1,344 Hz Offset if using
 Increase the ENBW by 1,344 Hz tables
 Use Lookupp Table or Chart to determine ACPR

Frequency Stability Adjustment
Offset
Rx BW
Rx BW + 2 x F
Power ((dB)
Increasing by 2 X F, allows the

tables to be reused in any band
by incorporating the adjusted
BW. This provides a simple and
accurate method for evaluating
Leading edge moves toward
frequency drift for all bands
interfering source,
intercepting more power
Victim Receiver
Transmit
Spectrum
Trailing edge moves away

from interfering source, but
has little effect

Simulcast
• Monte
o te Ca
Carlo
o method
et od for
o modeling
ode g
performance, delay spread
• Calculated probability in each tile based on all
signals
i l andd their
h i delay
d l differences
diff
 Probability of achieving the DAQ
 Eliminates the “rules
rules of thumb”
thumb which don
don’tt work
in multi-site simulcast systems
• Data for the digital modulations are provided
along with the methods for determining the
curves for future simulcast modulations

3 site MC simulation of a single tile for DAQ=3
Std Deviation 5.6 dB Delay* s
Scaled LSM DAQ Performance Parametrics vs. Measured
Simulcast Signal 1 -95.00 dBm 50.0 uS
40
Simulcast Signal 2 -115.00 dBm 110.0 uS DAQ = 4.0
DAQ=4 measured
Simulcast Signal 3 -120.00 dBm 200.0 uS 38
DAQ = 3.4
R
Receiver
i N
Noise
i FlFloor -126.70
126 70 dB
dBm 36 DAQ3.4 measured
C/N CPC for DAQ = 3 15.70 dB DAQ = 3.0
Simulation Probability 93.1% 34 DAQ=3.0 measured

5% Ref
Median (50%) C/N 31.76 dB 32 5% measured
Median RMS Delay Spread 20.5 uS 30
N (dB)
Results vary with each Monte Carlo test 28
F9 to recalculate
Faded C/N
26
* Works with either absolute or relative delays
For Relative Delay, the shortest delay is the reference (0 S) 24
Delay is the launch delay plus propagation delay.
22
20
2
N
 N 

18

i 1
Pd
i 
 i 1
i
2
Pd
i i 

16
Tm  2 N  2
14
 

N
  Pi 
12
Pi 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
i 1  i 1  Delay Spread (S)
Even though the results of the median draw are excellent, other draws find
the cases where the strongest signal is low and the lower signals are high
so that the delayy spread
p criterion is onlyy achieved in 931 of the 1000 draws
in this example. Results will vary for each time the simulation is made.

Coverage Buzz Words
Tile Method
95% of the Reliability
Area/ 95% of
Coverage
the Time Radial
Prediction
Contour Method
Reliability Service Area
Reliability Average
g Area
LULC Reliability
NLCD
Covered Area
NAD27 Reliability
Resolution
vs. Bounded Area
NAD83 Reliabilityy

Multiple Knife Edges and Diffraction Loss
Dimensions shown are for the
gn = hn + R center (largest) obstacle. Similar
g2 AMSL notation applies to each obstacle
g1 AMSL g3 AMSL
htc AMSL
hrc AMSL
n=1 n=2 n=3 n=4 n=5

di d-di
d
Multiple knife edge diffraction loss calculations §6.1.2 TSB-88.2-C

Knife Edge Diffraction Loss Comparison of TSB-88
and Dr. Hess
Knife Edge Diffraction Loss
3
Hess
TSB-88
6
Loss due to Difffraction above FS Loss
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
-1
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Diffraction Parameter (v )

Rayleigh Field 6 by 63D view
Looking down on the field Looking up on the field

Rayleigh vs. Rician Fading
Fading
g Distributions
100 %
95 %
90 % Legend
ed
hat Value will be exceede
85 % Rician, k=0.15 Median
Rician, k=0.15 Mean Reduction in the

80 %
fading penalty,
Rayleigh Median Cf/N, for Rician
75 %
vs. Rayleigh
R l i h
Rayleigh Mean fading.
70 %
65 %
Rician k value shown for an example
60 %
Probability th
comparison rather than a recommended value.

55 %
k is the fraction of the total power carried by the
50 % multipath (random) component
P
45 % power in the dominant path

k
40 % power in the scattered path
35 %
-20
20 -18
18 -16
16 -14
14 -12
12 -10
10 -8
8 -6
6 -4
4 -2
2 0
Value relative to Legend (dB)

Link Budgets
Talk-out Talk-in
• ERPd • ERPd
 Base station Power  Mobile/Portable Power
 Line Loss/Filters  Antenna HAAT & type
 Antenna HAAT/Pattern  Line Loss (Mobiles)
• Mobile/Portable • Base Receive Antenna
 Antenna type  HAAT
 Antenna Carrying Option  Line Loss
 Local Noise environment  Filtering / Amplification
 Receiver sensitivity  Local Noise IM/Tn/Rd
• System
S t • Receive
R i Sensitivity
S iti it
 Simulcast • System
 Multicast  Voting

Example Portable Talk-out Link Budget
ERP
Propagation Model Loss
• ERP 100 W Values from previous Includes Environmental Losses
example Design Target
•50 dBm Reliability & Confidence Margins
-84 dBm
•Receiver Noise Floor ATP Target /4 to/2 adjustment
-87 dBm
3 dB plus cable losses
•-123 dBm Building Loss Usage Adjustment
Acceptance
Pass or Fail
= 12 dB Building/Auto Loss Factor
•Link Budget is 173 dB -96 dBm Antenna Adjustment(s)
Portable Antenna Factor
•156 dB Usable Portable antenna Body/Pattern/Polarization

= -10 dBd
Relative to half wave dipole
•CPC CF/N
Faded Performance Threshold
-106 dBm
•Adjustments for other factors 10 dB based on
Faded Performance Margin
Determines CPC in the
§Annex D Cf/N = 17 dB presence of Multipath Fading
Cf/N for
desired
-116 dBm Static Threshold CPC
•Additional information in (Reference Sensitivity)
7 dB Cs/N
TSB-88.1-C -123
123 dBm Noise Floor

Identifying Interference
• Separating Composite Signal Levels
 Works best on digital radios using BER% to
identify composite signal C+I+N and C/(I+N)
C+I+N = -100 dBm (1E-10)
C = -100.1 dBm
C+I+N =- 100 dBm (1E-10)

C/(I+N) = 17 dB (50.12)
(
I+N = 1E-10/(50.12 +1))
17 dB produces the 2% BER
17 dB (50.12)
I+N = 1.956E-12 = -117.1 dBm
 C = -117.1 dBm + 17 dB = -100.1 dBm
I+N = -117.1 dBm
I = -118.1dBm
I+N =- 117.1 dBm (1.956E-12)
N = -124 dBm (3.981E-13)
I = 19.56E-13 - 3.981E-13 = 1.55174E-12 N = -124 dBm,
measured value
I = 10*log(1.55174E-12) = -118.1 dBm

Terrain Dataset 1 foot = 0.3048 meter
Resolution 1 meter = 3.281

3 281 ft
f
1”
926 m * COS (latitude  ) 30.9
3” 92.6
6” 185.2
277.8
Drawings not to scale 9”
30”” 926
1= 60 nautical miles

1 nm =1,852
=1 852 m 18”” 555.6
463
15”
1” = 30.867 meters

LULC Land Use – Land Cover
• Approaching 30 Years Old

• Based upon GEOS satellite data
• 37 Categories
C t i
 Urban categories somewhat lacking
 No salt water category
• 200 × 200 meter cells
• Cell or vector format

LULC Replacement NLCD92 & NLCD01
• Tables are p
provided for converting
g LULC loss
categories using these newer datasets
Frequency (MHz)
Reclassified
Classification 30 50
30-50 136 174
136-174 220 222
220-222 380 512
380-512 746 941
746-941
Number
Open land 1 3 3 3 5 1
2
Agricultural 2 3 3 4 18 2
1 1
Rangeland 1 9 9 10 10 3
Water 0 0 0 0 0 4
1 1
Forest land 3 8 9 12 25 5
Wetland 1 3 3 3 3 6
1 1 1
Residential 3 14 15 16 20 7
Mixed urban/ 1 1 1
4 15 16 17 20 8
buildings
Commercial/ 1 1 1
4 14 14 15 20 9
industrial
Snow & Ice 0 0 0 0 0 10
1.
Taken from Rubinstein [18] Non-superscripted values are derived from industry sources.
2.
The density of foliage in a particular urban environment can heavily influence values for
urban settings. Heavily forested urban environments can exhibit clutter losses in excess of
those published here.

TSB-88.2-C Recommends Modifications to
R6602 §7.3
§7 3
• Several normal situations were not covered.

 Broadcasters don’t operate under these scenarios
 Short Paths, no corresponding Field Strength dB
values
• Scale at 20 dB/octave rate
 Low HAAT,, nothing g for heights
g <100ft /30m
/
• Scale at 20 dB/octave rate
 High HAAT, maximum height is 5000 ft
• Curve fit
f the
h existing curves and
d generated
d recommended
d d
values for 10,000 ft

TSB-88 modifies the Field Strength Contours
• R6602 is based on long term measurements

above the local environment
 Uses a 9 dB correction to convert to LM heights
g
• Recommend exclusive use of (50,50) model
 Difference between (L,T) of (50,50) and (50,10)
decreases with decreasing distance.
 LM environment requires 100% time always
(50 50) [88.2-C-Table
(50,50) [88 2-C-Table 11]

Recommendation VHF HB
• VHF (150 MHz)

 37 dB Desired contour(-81.5 dBm)
 8 dB 
  Co Channel Interferer (-110
( 110.5
5
dBm)
 Produces 29 dB C/I
 Adjust Adjacent Channel Interferers
contour up
p byy ACPR
• FCC Rule: Adjacent channels ± 15 kHz
 Separated by 10 miles

Recommendation UHF
• UHF (460 MHz)

 39 dB Desired Contour (-89.3 dBm)
dB   Co
 7 dB C Channel
Ch l Interferer
I t f (-121.3
( 121 3
dBm)
 32 dB C/I
 Adjust Adjacent Channel Interferers’ contour
up by ACPR
• FCC: Adjacent Channel ± 12.5 kHz, Low
Po e = 2 Watts
Power
Recommendation 800 MHz
• 860 MHz band

 40 dB  Desired (-93.7 dBm)
 8 dB 
  Co Channel Interferer (-125.7
( 125 7 dBm)
 32 dB C/I
 Adjust Adjacent Channel Interferers’ contour up
by ACPR
• FCC: Adjacent channels along Mexican
Border
 12.5
12 5 kHz
kH offsets
ff t
Recommendation NPSPAC
• NPSPAC 806-809/851-854 MHz band
 12.5 kHz channel separation
 40 dB  Desired (-93.7 dBm)
• Service Area (3 - 5 miles beyond jurisdiction)
 5 dB  Co Channel Interferer (-128.7 dBm)
 35 dB C/I
 Adjust Adjacent Channel Interferers’ contour up
by ACPR Originally Analog where ACPR ≥ 25 dB
(20 dB ACRR required)
• Digital and 12.5 kHz Analog ≥ 65 dB

700 MHz Co-channel 40/5 D/U
Interference
5 dBF(50
dBF(50,50)
50) Contour
or about
D/U = C/I = 35 dB 19 dB F(50,10)
40 dBF(50,50) 40 dBF(50,50)
Service Service
Area Area
Contour Contour
Co-Channel User
40 dBF(50,50) Desired
- 5 dBF(50
dBF(50,50) 50) Undesired
-----------------------
35 dB C/I Ratio
C/I ratio compares signal level (50%) at edge of Desired Service Area contour F(50,50) to signal
l
levell (50%) att edge
d off th
the Undesired
U d i d (Co-channel
(C h l User’s
U ’ Interference)
I t f ) contour
t F(50,50)
F(50 50)

700 MHz Contour Extension Criteria
Type of Service Area Extension (mi.)
Urban (20 dB Buildings) 5

Suburban (15 dB Buildings) 4
Rural (10 dB Buildings) 3
Table
ab e 6 - Recommended
eco e ded Extension
te s o Distance
sta ce O
Of 40
0ddBμ
μ Field
e d Strength
St e gt
Appendix KV2_01.doc, NCC 700 MHz Pre Assignment Recommendation

Modified Co-channel Requirements
Table 11 in TSB-88.2-C
TSB 88 2 C
Band (MHz) Original Criteria Modified Criteria C/I provided
150 37(50,50)/19(50,10) 37(50,50)/8(50,50) 29 dB
220 38(50,50)/28(50,10) 38(50,50)/17(50,50) 21 dB
450 39(50 50)/21(50 10) 39(50,50)/7(50,50)

39(50,50)/21(50,10) 39(50 50)/7(50 50) 32 dB
700/800[1] 40(50,50)/22(50,10) 40(50,50)/8(50,50) 32 dB
1 The Public Safety band 806-809/851-854 MHz has different requirements for
different Regional Frequency Planning Committees. The 700 MHz Public Safety Band
also has different criteria based on the degree
g of urbanization and Regional
g Frequency
q y
Planning Committees. In both cases, local requirements should be followed.

Coverage Testing
• Definition: Coverage is a collection of

points that are predicted to provide
communications that meet a minimum
reliability value.
• Definition:
D fi iti “ i communications”
“voice i ti ” is
i a
predefined level of “Delivered Audio
Q lit ” (DAQ) or “Channel
Quality” “Ch l
Performance Criteria” (CPC)

Methodology
• Uniform Distribution
• Randomness in specific test location

 The test location is arbitrarily chosen, i.e., the
specific location cannot be picked with the goal of
influencing the outcome of the test.
• A test grid may be entered from any direction

• The test should be initiated without the
tester'ss control (Automated)
tester
Methodology
• Collecting the RF Sample

 What was
as predicted?
p edicted?
° Mobile Coverage?
° Portable Coverage?
 What was NOT predicted?
° Specific tile (location) signal strength
° SINAD

Type of CATP Tests [Table 26]
Objective Test Subjective Test
Digital (Single Site) BER% & SSI1) OK
Analog (Single Site) SSI OK
Talk-Out Test
Digital (Simulcast) BER% & SSI1) OK
Analog (Simulcast) N/A (data for info only) Recommended
Digital (Single Site) BER% & SSI 2) OK
Analog (Single Site) SSI 2)) OK
Digital (Multi-Site) 3,4) BER% & SSI 2) OK
Talk-In Test
Analog (Multi-Site) 3,4) SSI 2) OK
Digital
g ((Voting)
g) Undefined test 5) Recommended
Analog (Voting) Undefined test 5) Recommended
1.
Measured BER% is the preferred method. However, SSI provides additional information about
identifying potential interference.
2
2.
Failures due to interference
f should be agreed upon prior to testing as to whether they are
counted or not.
3.
Evaluate difference in link budget and use in conjunction with Talk-Out Testing as applicable,.
4.
Individual tests per site.
5.
Current test signals (Table A-2, O.153) cannot proceed past the base receiver. Therefore
enhancements
h t due
d tto voting
ti cannott be
b objectively
bj ti l d determined
t i d until
til a more elaborate
l b t ttestt iis
developed.

Number of Test Grids
• Grid the entire service area

• Lay the grid pattern over the coverage map.
• Grids which are completely filled with coverage
become the “Test Grids.”
•Grids
G id nott entirely
ti l within
ithi th
the service
i area may
require dividing the service area into a smaller
grid pattern if necessary

Determining Grid Size
• The minimum size, for each side of the grid, is
about 100  (may not be practical).
• A maximum recommended grid size is about 2km
x 2 km
km.
• A practical minimum is roughly 0.25 mi x 0.25 mi.
• Consider 15 arc-seconds square
• A practical maximum is roughly 0.5 mi x 0.5 mi.
• Consider 30 arcseconds square
• Final size may be determine by the number of
grids to be tested and the confidence required

Performance Confirmation
• Acceptance Testing
 Automated via GPS receivers and computers
• Number of test locations (Grids)
Z 2 pq
 Estimate of Proportions T 
e2
 Si
Size
• Distance for each test to transverse
– Smallest 100 x 100 
– Largest 2 km x 2km
• Number of samples at each test location
• Pass Fail Criteria
 Greater Than Test, e.g ≥ 95%, requires over-design due to e
 Acceptance Window, e.g. 95% ± 2%
• Confidence
 Level
 Interval
 I am XX% confident that the true values lies between XX-e% and XX+e% if
the number of tiles tested equals Tl

Determining
g minimum number of g
grids
Z x2 pq
Tt  2 where
h Z x varies
i byb test type
e
Tt = Total number of grids
Zx = Standard deviate unit (confidence level)
Z for Greater Than test
Z/2 for Window test
p = Predicted covered area reliability (e.g. 0.97)
q = 1-p
1p
e = Sampling error allowance (confidence interval)
q
Predicted - Required ((e.g,
g 0.97-0.95 =0.02))

Small Grids vs. Large
g Grids

What are the advantages and
disadvantages of various grid sizes?
Small Grids - 15 arc
arc-second
second square (.25
( 25 mi square)
+ Test points are closer together, greater detail
+ Particularly useful for testing mountainous roads
+ Any missed grids have less effect on the outcome
+ Able to test closer to the coverage boundaries
- Testing requires more resources

- Can be harder to complete the test before “exiting”
exiting
- Can be harder to access (roads more difficult)

What are the advantages and
disadvantages of various grid sizes?
Large Grids - 30 arc
arc-second
second square ((.5
5 mi square)
+ Testing requires less resources
+ Easier
E i to t complete
l t a test
t t in
i each
h grid
id
- Test locations mayy not be near the boundaries

- Test results are more sensitive to each grid
- Less detail overall
- May provide poor information
f on mountainous roads.

Sample
p and Sub-samples
p
Service Area
Boundary
• A sample is taken
inside each defined tile A Test Tile inside
Service Area
• Each test sample is
made up of a series of
discrete measurements
made over a prescribed End of test
Sample
distance in wavelengths Start of test Sample
• The number of sub- Random test location

samples determines the
confidence in the
accuracy of the Sub sample ensemble
Creates the “test sample”
measured value

Measurement Distance
• The distance (D) for outdoor test route

measurements of the local median received signal
power in a test tile should be 28  D  100.
• 40 normally recommended distance
 Shorter distances influenced by Rayleigh
 Longer distances affected by changing location
variability
 Lower frequencies may requires shorter distances
• 50 sub-samples
b l produces
d a 90% confidence
fid level
l l
that the measured value is ±1 dB of the actual
value

Sample
p Size
• 50 samples considered minimum

 0.8 produces maximum decorrelation
• 40 minimizes log-normal
g changes
g
 90% confidence the values is ±1 dB (confidence interval)
• More is better
• 122 samples
 99% confidence the values is ±1 dB (confidence interval)
• 212 Samples
 90% confidence the values is ±0.5 dB

Recommended Sampling Distance
• For lower VHF frequencies

 28minimum
• For UHF frequencies
 40  distance  100
• Size of tiles may limit the values above
 Metro area

Confidence Interval vs.
# sub-samples & True Mean Value
2
 4     4  
 Z 2   Z  2 

Ts   TV     20 Log10 1 
True Mean Value dB  
   Ts 
 
dB
 10 20
 1   
   
Confidence Level TV±dB 90%. 95% 99%
Ts 90% 95% 99% 0.25 dB 872 1231 2133
50 ±1.00 dB ±1.18 dB ±1.52 dB 0.50 dB 212 299 518
100 ±0.72 dB ±0.85 dB ±1.10 dB 0.75 dB 91 129 224
1.00 dB 50 71 122
150 ±0.59 dB ±0.70 dB ±0.91 dB
1.25 dB 31 44 76
200 ±0.51 dB ±0.61 dB ±0.79 dB 1.50 dB 21 30 51
250 ±0.46 dB ±0.55 dB ±0.71 dB 1.75 dB 15 21 37
300 ±0.42 dB ±0.50 dB ±0.65 dB 2.00 dB 11 16 27
350 ±0.39 dB ±0.46 dB ±0.60 dB 2.25 dB 9 12 21
400 ±0.37 dB ±0.43 dB ±0.57 dB 2.50 dB 7 9 16
450 ±0.35 dB ±0.41 dB ±0.54 dB 2.75 dB 5 8 13
500 ±0.33 dB ±0.39 dB ±0.51 dB 3.00 dB 4 6 11
Corrected values from those listed inTSB-88B

Measured Value
The Instantaneous Signal Strength is measured

many times over a predetermined path length.
Then the median value is calculated
calculated.
How is a Passing value determined?

The median value, after any correction for
antenna/line/height
g p parameters, is compared
p to
the threshold faded sensitivity value of the radio.

Pass Fail Criteria
• There are two types of tests

 “Greater than test”
• Covered Area Reliabilityy  criterion
– Requires over-design to achieve confidence level
 “Window Test”
• Covered
C d Area
A Reliability
R li bilit ± predefined
d fi d %
– Requires additional testing for the same confidence
level
– Eliminates
Eli i t over-design
d i requirement
i t other
th than
th
“confidence”

Stationary test vs Moving test
• Coverage
g prediction
p is for faded performance
p in a
Rayleigh faded environment. A stationary test is
contrary to the environment of prediction.
• TSB-88.1-C,
TSB-88 1-C § 5.4.2
5 4 2 describes a moving test.
test

Resource Time Required
• Estimate 150 and 250 grids tested per day day.

• The smaller grids test faster.
• Travelingg speed
p and ease of ggrid access has a
significant effect on the test rate.
• Travel time is not included in the above numbers.
• A large
l system
t takes
t k 1 tot 2 monthsth

Summary TSB-88.2 and 88.3
• CATP • Confidence Level

• Examples of prediction • Confidence Interval
• Impact of predictions • Talk-in vs. Talk-out
• Test the prediction tests
• Estimate of proportions • Building losses
• Minimum number
b off • Sample simulation
tiles
• Sub
Sub-samples
samples vs
vs.
Accuracy

Contact TSB-88 Authors/Officials
• TSB88@Yahoogroups.com
TSB88@Yahoogroups com
• Post questions on document
• A
Answers by:
b
 Bernie Olson, Previously Chair TIA TR8.18
 Tom Rubinstein, New Chair of TR8.18
 Bob Shapiro, New Vice Chair of TR8.18

TSB 88 Seminar Final

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APCO TSB-88 Seminar

Carl “Bernie” Olson, Previously Chair TIA TR8.18

From: Stephanie Montgomery [SMontgomery@tiaonline.org]

Have a good weekend. - Stephanie

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• Technology gy Neutral Frequency

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Applicable Desired Signal

NA TIA-603 TSB-88 TSB-88 TSB-88 TSB-88

NPSPAC A TSB-88 TIA-603 TSB-88 TSB-88 TSB-88

WA TSB-88 TSB-88 TIA-603 TSB-88 TSB-88

P-25 D TSB-88 TSB-88 TSB-88 TIA-102 TSB-88

TIA-603/102 - Normative methods & requirements

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• Analog Radios • Digital P-25 1 Radios • Recommended methods

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• WG8.8 Started in 1994 to resolve the issues

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TSB-88.1-C TSB-88.2-C TSB-88.3-C TSB-88.4-C

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• Define Audio Performance in terms of C/N /

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Modulation 1 Modulation n-1 Modulation n

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DAQ Static SINAD

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CPC to DAQ (channel spacing)

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Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 2

Phase 1 values are based on enhanced IMBE vocoder.

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Area Reliability Vs. Contour Reliability (n = 3.5)

Contour Reliability 95% 100 Contour, Reliability 85%

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• Reliability, the average of the individual tile

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• Colors all tiles that meet or exceed the

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• Predict median (50%) signal power at receiver

Co-Ch, Adj-Ch, & Performance

 Median Signal Power - Inferred Noise Floor

• Calculate the reliability

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Cumulative Probability (%)

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• Spreadsheet for each SPD file

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• What are the ACPRs for the case of a new P25

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AFM ±5 kHz, with Root Raised Cosine (RRC) TIA Filter

-40 -40 C4FM SPD

-80 ACP Integration -12.500 kHz Offset