College of engineering

Salahaddin University-Erbil
Academic Year 2019-2020

Mathematics

Prepared by: Mahmoud Luqman Qadir

Supervisered by: Mrs. Sanaa

Class: 2 c

Department: civil engineering

Date: 20/6/2020

Saturday
  Introduction:
Differential equation: is any equation which contains derivatives, either ordinary
derivatives or partial derivatives. There is one differential equation that everybody probably
knows, that is Newton’s Second Law of Motion. If an object of mass mm is moving with
acceleration aa and being acted on with force FF then Newton’s Second Law tells us.

F = ma

Separable Differential equation: while any equation that contains a derivative and at
least one variable is a differential equation, not all such equations are separable. For a
differential equation to be separable, the variables must be able to be separated. This means
that the equation can be rearranged so that all terms containing one of the variables are on
one side of the equal sign, while all terms containing the other variable are on the other side.

Homogeneous Differential equation: a differential equation is homogeneous if it is a

homogeneous function of the unknown function and its derivatives. In the case of linear
differential equations, this means that there are no constant terms. The solutions of any
linear ordinary differential equation of any order may be deduced by integration from the
solution of the homogeneous equation obtained by removing the constant term.

Exact equation: type of differential equation that can be solved directly without the use of
any of the special techniques in the subject. A first-order differential equation (of one
variable) is called exact, or an exact differential, if it is the result of a simple differentiation.
The equation P(x, y)y′ + Q(x, y) = 0, or in the equivalent alternate
notation P(x, y)dy + Q(x, y)dx = 0, is exact if Px(x, y) = Qy(x, y). (The subscripts in this
equation indicate which variable the partial derivative is taken with respect to.) In this case,
there will be a function R(x, y), the partial x-derivative of which is Q and the partial y-
derivative of which is P, such that the equation R(x, y) = c (where c is constant) will
implicitly define a function y that will satisfy the original differential equation.

Linear differential equations: are those for which the sum of two solutions is again a
solution. The equation giving the shape of a vibrating string is linear, which provides the
mathematical reason for why a string may simultaneously emit more than one frequency.