VALLURUPALLI NAGESWARA RAO VIGNANA JYOTHI

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Estd.1995

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEEERING

II B.TECH. I SEMESTER

QUESTION BANK
 VALLURUPALLI NAGESWARA RAO VIGNANA JYOTHI
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
An Autonomous Institute, NAAC Accredited with ‘A++’ Grade
NBA Accredited CE, EEE, ME, ECE, CSE, EIE, IT - B.Tech Programs
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH
Estd.1995
Recognized as “College with Potential for Excellence” by UGC
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEEERING

(18PC1CS06) DATA STRUCTURES THROUGH C

UNIT I

Part – A (2 Marks)

1. Describe big ‘O’ notation used in algorithm.

2. What is data structure? Why do we need data structure?

3. Define primitive data structure. Give 4 operations of data structure

4. Define Data Structure? Enlist any two types of non-linear data structures along
with example.

5. Explain time and space complexity of an algorithm.

6. List linear and nonlinear data structures?

7. List out any four applications of data structures?

Part – B (10 Marks)

1. Explain abstract data types with suitable illustration.

2. Discuss asymptotic notations with examples.

3. Write a program on Merge sort

4. Write a program on Quick Sort

5. Write a program on Radix sort

 UNIT II

Part – A (2 Marks)

1. Explain the different operations on singly liked list.

2. Explain circular linked list operations

3. Differentiate between Single and Double linked list.

4. Differentiate between Single and Circular linked list.

5. Explain Applications of Linked Lists .

6. Define Linked List.

7. State the different types of linked lists.

8. List the advantages and disadvantages of linked list

9. Define Doubly Linked List.

10. Define Circular Linked List

Part – B (10 Marks)

1. Explain the following operations in a doubly linked list. (i) Insert an element (ii)
Delete an element (iii) Reverse the list

2. List the advantages and disadvantages of doubly linked list over singly linked list?

3. Explain how to create circular linked list and insert nodes at end

4. Write a C program that uses functions to perform the following: a) Create a singly
linked list of integers. b) Delete a given integer from the above linked list. c)
Display the contents of the above list after deletion

5. Write a C program that uses functions to perform the following: a) Create a

doubly linked list of integers. b) Delete a given integer from the above doubly
linked list. c) Display the contents of the above list after deletion.

6. Explain Performance Analysis in Detail.

 UNIT III

Part – A (2 Marks)

1. Define Stack

2. List the applications of stack.

3. What are the Operations on stack.

4. What is Towers of Hanoi problem?

5. What is array representation of stack.

6. What is linked list representation of stack.

7. Differentiate between infix and postfix expression.

8. What is recursive function?

Part – B (10 Marks)

1. Write an algorithm for basic operations on Stack

2. Explain the procedure to evaluate postfix expression

3. Evaluate the following postfix expression: 6 2 3 + - 3 8 2 / + * 2 | 3 +

4. Explain the procedure to convert infix expression into postfix expression

5. Convert the following expression A + (B * C) - ((D * E + F) / G) into post form.

6. Write C programs to implement stack ADT using Arrays

7. Write C programs to implement stack ADT using Linked List

8. Discuss about Towers of Hanoi

 (18PC1ME01) THERMODYNAMICS
UNIT-I CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS/WORK AND HEAT

Part – A (2 Marks)

1. What is meant by closed system? Give an example.

2. Define a open system, Give an example.

3. Define an isolated system.

4. What is meant by surroundings?

5. What is boundary?

6. What is meant by thermodynamic property?

7. How do you classify the property?

8. What do you understand by equilibrium of a system?

9. Define the term process.

10. Define the term Cycle

11. What is meant by open and closed cycle.
12. What is Quasi – Static process?
13. Define Heat.
14. Define Path function.
15. Define point function.

Part – B (10 Marks)

1. What is a thermodynamic system? Explain various type of thermodynamic system
2. Differentiate between ‘change of state”, “path” and “process”
3. Explain with figure what do you understand by quasi static process
4. What is the difference between thermodynamic equilibrium and thermal
equilibrium
5. State zeroth law of thermodynamics. Explain why is called zeroth law
6. Explain how zeroth law can be used to measure temperature
7. Define work based on the principle of thermodyncamics and mechanics
8. What is displacement work?Show that displacement work is expressed by ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑣
9. With a sketch explain isochoric process
10. What do you understand by isobaric process?Explain with a sketch
11. With p-V diagrams explain polytropic and hyperbolic processes
12. Derive expression of work when system undergoes polytropic process.
13. Explain the sign convention adopted in work definition.
14. What is heat and explain the sign convention adopted?
15. Derive spring work
16. What is shaft work? Derive an expression for power for rotating mechanics
17. With a neat sketch explain electrical work and derive it

Problems

1. An engine cylinder has a piston of area 0.12 m 3 and contains gas at a pressure of
1.5 MPa. The gas expands according to a process which is represented by a
straight line on a pressure-volume diagram. The final pressure is 0.15 MPa.
Calculate the work done by the gas on the piston if the stroke is 0.30 m.
2. A mass of 1.5 kg of air is compressed in a quasi-static process from 0.1 MPa to 0.7
MPa for which pv = constant. The initial density of air is 1.16 kg/m 3. Find the work
done by the piston to compress the air
3. A mass of gas is compressed in a quasi-static process from 80 kPa, 0.1 m3 to 0.4
MPa 0.03m3. Assuming that the pressure and volume are related by pvn =
constant, find the work done by the gas system
4. The piston of an oil engine, of area 0.0045 m 2, moves downwards 75 mm, drawing
in 0.00028 m3 of fresh air from the atmosphere. The pressure in the cylinder is
uniform during the process at 80 kPa, while the atmospheric pressure is 101.325
kPa, the difference being due to the flow resistance in the induction pipe and the
inlet valve. Estimate the displacement work done by the air finally in the cylinder.
 UNIT-II THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS/FIRST LAW ANALYSIS FOR CONTROL VOLUME

Part – A (2 Marks)
1. State the First law of thermodynamics
2. Define: PMM of first kind
3. Define: Specific heat capacity at constant pressure.
4. Define: Specific heat capacity at constant volume
5. Explain Zeroth Law of thermodynamics?
6. Define the term enthalpy?
7. Define the term internal energy
8. What is meant by thermodynamic work?
9. Give the general gas energy equations.
10. State the law of conservation of energy
11. Work done in a free expansion process is _________
12. Define free expansion process.
13. Which property is constant during throttling?
14. If in the equation PVn = C, the value of n = then the process is called _______
15. The polytropic index (n) is given by ________
16. Work transfer is equal to heat transfer in case of ________ process.
17. Write down the characteristic gas equation.
18. What is meant by steady flow process?
19 What is the difference between steady flow and non – flow process?

Part – B (10 Marks)

1. Derive steady flow energy equation applied to nozzle and compressor
2. Prove that internal energy and entropy is a property
3. Explain with neat sktch the joules experiment for non cyclic process
4. Explain difference between the macrosocpic and microscopic form of energy
5. What are the three basic principles involved in the first law of thermodynamics
6. State first law of thermodynamics for a cycle and change of state
7. Explain the meaning of non-cyclic thermodynamic process
8. Show that energy of an isolated system is constant
9. Explain what do understand by specific heat at constant volume
10. What is specfic heat at constant pressure?
11. What is enthalpy?Explain
12. Derive relationship between two specific heat
13. Apply the first law of thermodynamics to the following process and develop
expression for W & Q
(i) Constant volume process (ii) Constant pressure process (iii) Constant
temperature process
14. Derive the expression for heat transfer during polytropic process
15. Show that for free expansion process change in internal energy is zero
16. Define enthalpy .How it related to internal energy.
17. What are the two possibilities of analyzing an open system using first law of
thermodynamics?
18. Using SFEE equation derive work done for a reciprocating compressor
19. For boiler show that SFEE is given by Q=h2-h1
20. What is condenser? Applying SFEE show that Q=h2-h1
21. Show that for a diffuser the change in kinetic energy manifests itself in change in
enthalpy.
22. Derive SFEE for a gas turbine
23. What is the limitations of first law?

Problems

1. A slow chemical reaction takes place in a fluid at the constant pressure of 0.1
MPa. The fluid is surrounded by a perfect heat insulator during the reaction which
begins at state 1 and ends at state 2. The insulation is then removed and 105 kJ of
heat flow to the surroundings as the fluid goes to state 3. The following data are
observed for the fluid at states 1, 2 and 3.

State v (m3) t (°C)

1 0.003 20
2 0.3 370
3 0.06 20
2. The properties of a certain fluid are related as follows:
u = 196 + 0.718t
pv = 0.287 (t + 273)
Where u is the specific internal energy (kJ/kg), t is in °C, p is pressure (kN/m 2), and
v is specific volume (m3/kg). For this fluid, find cv and cp.
3. A system composed of 2 kg of the above fluid expands in a frictionless piston and
cylinder machine from an initial state of 1 MPa, 100°C to a final temperature of
30°C. If there is no heat transfer, find the net work for the process.
4. A mixture of gases expands at constant pressure from 1 MPa, 0.03 m 3 to 0.06 m3 with
84 kJ positive heat transfer. There is no work other than that done on a piston. Find
DE for the gaseous mixture. The same mixture expands through the same state path
while a stirring device does 21 kJ of work on the system. Find Δ E, W, and Q for the
process
5. A gas of mass 1.5 kg undergoes a quasi-static expansion which follows a relationship
p = a + bV, where a and b are constants. The initial and final pressures are 1000 kPa
and 200 kPa respectively and the corresponding volumes are 0.20 m 3 and 1.20 m3.
The specific internal energy of the gas is given by the relation u = l.5 pv – 85 kJ/kg
Where p is the kPa and v is in m3/kg. Calculate the net heat transfer and the
maximum internal energy of the gas attained during expansion
6. An imaginary engine receives heat and does work on a slowly moving piston at
such rates that the cycle of operation of 1 kg of working fluid can be represented as
a circle 10 cm in diameter on a p–v diagram on which 1 cm = 300 kPa and 1 cm =
0.1 m3/kg. (a) How much work is done by each kg of working fluid for each cycle of
operation? (b) The thermal efficiency of an engine is defined as the ratio of work
done and heat input in a cycle. If the heat rejected by the engine in a cycle is 1000
kJ per kg of working fluid, what would be its thermal efficiency?
7. A turbine operates under steady flow conditions, receiving steam at the following
state: pressure 1.2 MPa, temperature 188°C, enthalpy 2785 kJ/kg, velocity 33.3 m/s
and elevation 3 m. 8.The steam leaves the turbine at the following state: Pressure 20
kPa, enthalpy 2512 kJ/kg, velocity 100 m/s, and elevation 0 m. Heat is lost to the
 surroundings at the rate of 0.29 kJ/s. If the rate of steam flow through the turbine is
0.42 kg/s, what is the power output of the turbine in kW?
8. A turbo compressor delivers 2.33 m3/s at 0.276 MPa, 43°C which is heated at this
pressure to 430°C and finally expanded in a turbine which delivers 1860 kW. During
the expansion, there is a heat transfer of 0.09 MJ/s to the surroundings. Calculate
the turbine exhaust temperature if changes in kinetic and potential energy are
negligible.
9. A reciprocating air compressor takes in 2 m3/min at 0.11 MPa, 20°C which it delivers
at 1.5 MPa, 111°C to an aftercooler where the air is cooled at constant pressure to
25°C. The power absorbed by the compressor is 4.15 kW. Determine the heat
transfer in (a) The compressor (b) The cooler State your assumptions.
10. A nozzle is a device for increasing the velocity of a steadily flowing stream. At the
inlet to a certain nozzle, the enthalpy of the fluid passing is 3000 kJ/kg and the
velocity is 60 m/s. At the discharge end, the enthalpy is 2762 kJ/kg. The nozzle is
horizontal and there is negligible heat loss from it. (a) Find the velocity at exists from
the nozzle.(b) If the inlet area is 0.1 m 2 and the specific volume at inlet is 0.187
m3/kg, find the mass flow rate.(c) If the specific volume at the nozzle exit is 0.498
m3/kg, find the exit area of the nozzle
 UNIT III SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS/ENTROPY FOR CONTROL MASS

Part – A (2 Marks)
1. State the Kelvin – Plank statement of second law of thermodynamics
2. State Clausius statement of second law of thermodynamics.
3. State Carnot’s theorem.
4. Define – PMM of second kind.
5. What is meant by heat engine?
6. Define the term COP?
7. What is the relation between COPHP and COP ref?
8. Why a heat engine cannot have 100% efficiency?
9. When will be the Carnot cycle efficiency is maximum?
10. Write the expression for efficiency of the carnot cycle.
11. Define: Thermodynamic cycles.

Part – B (10 Marks)

1. Show that violation of Kelvin Planck statement implies violation of Clausius
statement
2. State and prove Carnot principle
3. Derive steady flow energy equation stating the assumptions made
4. Why is Carnot cycle not practical for steam power plant.
5. Deduce efficiency of Carnot cycle from P-V diagram.
6. What is the necessity for second law?
7. What is basic principle involved in the second law?
8. With neat figure explain the concept of source and sink
9. What is a heat engine and a heat pump? Explain
10. What is meant by coefficient of performance? Explain
11. Explain PMM2
12. State Kelvin- Plank statement and explain with help of a neat figure meaning of
Kelvin -Plank statement
13. Show that COP heat pump is greater than COP of refrigerator
14. State Clausius statement and explain with help of a neat figure meaning
ofClausius statement

Problems

1. An inventor claims to have developed an engine that takes in 105 MJ at a

temperature of 400K, rejects 42 MJ at a temperature of 200 K, and delivers 15 kWh
of mechanical work. Would you advise investing money to put this engine in the
market?
2. If a refrigerator is used for heating purposes in winter so that the atmosphere
becomes the cold body and the room to be heated becomes the hot body, how
much heat would be available for heating for each kW input to the driving motor?
The COP of the refrigerator is 5, and the electromechanical efficiency of the
motor is 90%. How does this compare
with resistance heating?

3. A household refrigerator is maintained at a temperature of 2°C. Everytime the

door is opened, warm material is placed inside, introducing an average of 420 kJ,
but making only a small change in the temperature of the refrigerator. The door is
opened 20 times a day, and the refrigerator operates at 15% of the ideal COP.
The cost of work is Rs. 2.50 per kWh. What is the monthly bill for this refrigerator? The
atmosphere is at 30°C
4. A heat pump working on the Carnot cycle takes in heat from a reservoir at 5°C
and delivers heat to a reservoir at 60°C. The heat pump is driven by a reversible
heat engine which takes in heat from a reservoir at 840°C and rejects heat to a
reservoir at 60°C. The reversible heat engine also drives a machine that absorbs 30
kW. If the heat pump extracts 17 kJ/s from the 5°C reservoir, determine (a) The
rate of heat supply from the 840°C source (b) The rate of heat rejection to the
60°C sink.
5. A heat engine is used to drive a heat pump. The heat transfers from the heat
engine and from the heat pump are used to heat the water circulating through
the radiators of a building. The efficiency of the heat engine is 27% and the COP
 of the heat pump is 4. Evaluate the ratio of the heat transfer to the circulating
water to the heat transfer to the heat engine.
6. A heat engine operating between two reservoirs at 1000 K and 300 K is used to
drive a heat pump which extracts heat from the reservoir at 300K at a rate twice
that at which the engine rejects heat to it. If the efficiency of the engine is 40% of
the maximum possible and the COP of the heat pump is 50% of the maximum
possible, what is the temperature of the reservoir to which the heat pump rejects
heat? What is the rate of heat rejection from the heat pump if the rate of heat
supply to the engine is 50 kW?

7. A reversible power cycle is used to drive a reversible heat pump cycle. The power
cycle takes in Q1 heat units at T1 and rejects Q2 at T2. The heat pump abstracts Q4
from the sink at T4 and discharges Q3 at T3.Develop an expression for the ratio
Q4/Q1 in terms of the four temperatures
 (18PC1ME02) FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY
UNIT I

Part – A (2 Marks)

1. Define all fluid properties.

2. Explain dynamic and kinematic viscosity in detail?
3. Discuss bulk modulus and compressibility.
4. Discuss surface and capillarity.
5. Explain vapor pressure and cavitation.
6. Discuss Pascal’s law.
7. Define pressure, absolute pressure, and vacuum pressure.
8. Define total pressure, center of pressure.
9. Discuss buoyancy.

Part – B (10 Marks)

1. Derive surface tension equations for spherical droplet, hallow bubble and
cylindrical jet.
2. Derive equations for simple and differential manometers.
3. Derive total pressure, and center of pressure for vertical, horizontal, inclined and
curved surface.
4. Explain metacenter.
 UNIT II

Part – A (2 Marks)
1. What are the methods of describing fluid flow?
2. Explain with examples stream line, streak line, path line and stream tube.
3. Discuss continuity equation, stream function and velocity potential.

Part – B (10 Marks)

1. Derive continuity equation for three dimensional flows.
2. Explain in detail forced and free vortex flows.
3. Derive equations for stream function and velocity potential.

UNIT III

Part – A (2 Marks)
1. Define Bernoulli’s theorem and what the applications are.
2. How Pitot tube works?
3. What is Reynolds Number and also explain laminar, turbulent flow.
4. Define momentum equation.

Part – B (10 Marks)

1. Deduce expression for Euler’s and Bernoulli’s.
2. Derive the expression for all applications of Bernoulli’s equation.
3. Deduce Darcy equation.
4. Discuss in detail pipes in series and in parallel