Histology Semestral Exams

1. Components of cell membrane that account for the tri-laminar structure seen in TEM:
a. phospholipid molecules
b. cholesterol molecules
c. integral proteins
d. glycoproteins

2. Which of the following cellular structure/s is/are membrane bound?

a. mitochondrion
b. golgi complex
c. lysosome
d. all of the above

3. TRUE of mitochondria:
a. Their matrix contains many of the enzymes involved in the Kreb’s cycle
b. In an individual, the mitochondria in all the cells can all be traced to the mitochondria of the female gamete.
c. They are enveloped by unit membrane
d. All of the above

4. Membrane bound spherical bodies in the cytoplasm of cells that contain hydrolytic enzymes:
a. ribosomes
b. lysosomes
c. peroxisomes
d. b and c above

5. True of microtubules
a. they are produced in the centrosome
b. they comprise the framework of microvilli
c. they comprise the framework of stereocillia
d. all of the above

6. Intermediate filaments present only in neurons

a. desmin
b. vimentin
c. neurofilament
a. d.keratin

7. rRNA is produced in the :

a. nucleolus
b. heterochromatin
c. euchromatin
d. all of the above

8. The segment of the DNA molecule within a chromosome that contains the DNA Sequence for the production of a particular protein:
a. genome
b. gene
c. nucleolar organizer
d. heterochromatin

9. The contents of secretory granules are released by the cells via:

a. phagocytosis
b. pinocytosis
c. exocytosis
d. transcytosis

10. Basic tissue/s characterized by closely packed cells that have minimal or no intervening intercellular substance:
a. nervous tissue
b. connective tissue
c. both
d. neither

11. TRUE of the basal lamina on which the epithelial cells rest:
Histology Semestral Exams

a. It is present in all epithelial tissues

b. It provides structural support for the epithelium
c. It is produced by the epithelial cells that rest on it
d. All of the above

12. Surface epithelium that consists of two layers of cells where the cells in deep layer are cuboidal while those in the superficial layer are
columnar:
a. pseudostratified columnar epithelium
b. stratified columnar epithelium
c. stratified cuboidal epithelium
d. transitional epithelium

13. “Umbrella cells” characterize which type of epithelium?

a. pseudostratified columnar epithelium
b. stratified columnar epithelium
c. stratified cuboidal epithelium
d. transitional epithelium

14. Specialized structures on the apical surfaces of epithelial cells that grow out of and remain attached to centrioles:
a. cilia
b. stereocilia
c. microvilli
d. b and c above

15. Intercellular junction between cells designed to enable adjacent cells to communicate with each other:
a. Zonula occludens
b. Zonula adherens
c. desmosome
d. gap junction

16. Glands with serous demilunes are:

a. compound glands
b. apocrine glands
c. mixed glands
d. serous glands

17. Flattened, stellate, and contractile cells that are present between the secretory epithelial cells and the basal lamina of many exocrine
glands:
a. pericytes
b. myocytes
a. c.myoepithelial cells
c. all of the above

18.Glands whose secretion includes the remnants of the secretory cells:

a. merocrine glands
b. apocrine glands
c. holocrine glands
d. all of the above

19. Which extracellular connective tissue fiber has greater tensile strength than steel?
a. collagen type I
b. elastic
c. reticular
d. collagen type II

20. Extracellular connective tissue fibers that stain black with silver
a. collagen fibers
b. elastic fibers
c. reticular fibers
d. b and c above
Histology Semestral Exams

21. Type III collagen make up:

a. collagen fibers
b. elastic fibers
c. reticular fibers
d. a and c above

22. Elastin is a component of:

a. collagen fibers
b. elastic fibers
c. elastic lamellae
d. b and c above

23.The mesenchymal cell is the stem cell for the following connective tissue cells:
a. plasma cells
b. fibroblasts
c. mast cells
d. all of the above

24. True of fibroblasts:

a. They synthesize glycosaminoglycans
b. They synthesize the precursor of collagen fibers
c. both
d. neither

25. True of macrophages:

a. They are APCs
b. They contain numerous lysosomes
c. In connective tissue, they are sometimes referred to as histiocytes.
d. all of the above

26. Which of the following connective tissue cells originate from the bone marrow?
a. mast cell
b. adipocytes
c. reticular cells
d. fibroblasts

27. Type of connective tissue that comprise tendons:

a. dense irregular connective tissue
b. dense regular connective tissue
c. loose connective tissue
d. elastic tissue

28. True of neurons:

a. they exhibit properties of irritability and conductivity to a high degree.
b. they cannot divide.
c. they arise from embryonic ectoderm.
d. all of the above

29. True of Nissl bodies:

a. they are actually RERs
b. they are involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters
c. they are present in the cell body and axons of neurons
d. a and b above

30. A neuron transmits an impulse to another neuron at the :

a. node of Ranvier
b. incisure of Schmidt-Lantermann
c. bouton en-pessant
d. synapse

31. The connective tissue that envelops each nerve fiber in a nerve:
Histology Semestral Exams

a. endoneurium
b. perineurium
c. epineurium
d. fascia

32. Encapsulated sensory nerve endings are terminations of sensory axons of:
a. unipolar neurons
b. pseudo-unipolar neurons
c. bipolar neurons
d. multipolar neurons

33. Glial cells that form myelin sheath in the CNS:

a. astrocytes
b. oligodendrocytes
c. microglia
d. ependymal cells

34. CSF circulates in the ff:

a. ventricles of the brain
b. subarachnoid space
c. both
d. neither

35. In the CNS, the nuclei of the neurons are located in the :
a. gray matter
b. white matter
c. both
d. neither

36. Most neurons are:

a. sensory
b. motor
c. interneurons
d. sensory-motor

37. Muscle cells that branch:

a. skeletal muscle cells
b. cardiac muscle cells
c. smooth muscle cells
d. a and b above

38. Connective tissue that envelops a muscle such as the gastrocnemius

a. perimysium
b. endomysium
c. epimysium
d. epineurium

39. TRUE of myofibrils:

a. they are made up of sarcomeres that are laid end to end
b. they are present in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells
c. they exhibit alternating light and dark bands
d. all of the above

40. TRUE of a sarcomere:

a. It spans two Z - lines
b. It is made up of myofilaments
c. both
d. neither

41. Region of the sarcomere that corresponds to the location of the thick filaments:
a. A – band
Histology Semestral Exams

b. I – band
c. H – band
d. none of the above

42. Which of the following region/s of the myofibril diminish/es in width when a muscle fiber contracts?
a. A – band
b. H – band
c. both
d. neither

43. Specialized cell-to-cell junction formed by a somatic motor neuron with a skeletal muscle cell:
a. motor end plate
b. T –tubule
c. sarcoplasmic reticulum
d. muscle spindle

44. Proprioceptive receptors in the skeletal muscles:

a. neuromuscular spindles
b. golgi tendon
c. both
d. neither

45. True of smooth muscle cells:

a. they contain a single, oval, and centrally located nucleus
b. they are not striated because their myofilaments do not form myofibrils
c. calcium ions are needed for their contraction
d. all of the above

46. Cartilage where the predominant extracellular fiber is a collagen type II

a. hyaline
b. elastic
c. fibrous
d. a and b

47. Cartilage type that is replaced by bone during endochondrial ossification:

a. hyaline
b. elastic
c. fibrous
d. none of the above

48. TRUE of osteoprogenitor cells:

a. they are not capable of mitosis
b. they are stem cells for chondroblasts and osteoblasts.
c. they are present in the periosteum but not in the perichondrium and endosteum
d. all of the above

49. TRUE of osteoblasts:

a. they synthesize the components of bone matrix
b. they differentate from osteoprogenitor cells
c. they cannot mitose anymore
d. all of the above

50. TRUE of osteoclasts:

a. they are multinucleated giant cells.
b. they release the content of their lysosomes to the extracellular space at their ruffled border
c. they are responsible for bone resorption
d. all of the above.

51. TRUE of Volkmann’s Canals:

a. They are lined by endosteum
b. They contain blood vessels that connect the blood vessels in the Haversian canals in the medullary cavity and the periosteum
Histology Semestral Exams

c. They are present in compact as well as spongy bone

d. A & B above

52. TRUE of spongy bone:

a. They consist of interconnecting bone spicules that form the framework of a very complex system of interconnecting
compartments called marrow cavities
b. Their bony lamellae are arranged around Haversian Canals
c. Both
d. Neither

53. In the epiphyseal plate, mitosis of cartilage occurs in the:

a. Zone of proliferation
b. Zone of Maturation
c. Zone of calcification
d. Zone of ossification

54. The unending cycle of resorption and formation of Haversian Systems:

a. External Bone Remodeling
b. Internal Bone Remodeling
c. Endochondral Ossification
d. Intramembranous Ossification

55. Skin layer that consists of an epithelium:

a. Epidermis
b. Papillary layer of dermis
c. Reticular layer of dermis
d. Hypodermis

56. Most numerous cells in the epidermis of skin:

a. Keratinocytes
b. Melanocytes
c. Langerhans cells
d. Merkel cells

57. Layer of the epidermis where he cells are mostly actively dividing
a. Stratum Basale
b. Stratum Spinosum
c. Stratum Granulosum
d. Stratum Corneum

58. Appendages of the skin that are present in thick skin:

a. Sweat glands
b. Sebaceous glands
c. Hair follicles
d. AOTA

59. Cells of the epidermis that have sensory functions:

a. Keratinocytes
b. Melanocytes
c. Merkel cells
d. Langerhans cells

60. Cells of the epidermis that are APCs.

a. Keratinocytes
b. Melanocytes
c. Langerhans cells
d. Merkel cells

61. The cells that produce hair are those that are in the:
a. Hair matrix
b. Hair papilla
Histology Semestral Exams

c. Internal hair sheath

d. External hair sheath

62. TRUE of sebaceous glands:

a. They are holocrine glands
b. They are tubular glands
c. They secrete sweat
d. AOTA

63. TRUE of eccrine sweat glands:

a. They are merocrine glands
b. They are simple coiled tubular glands
c. They play an important role in regulating body temperature
d. AOTA

64. Plasma protein that is not synthesized in the liver:

a. Albumin
b. Alpha globulin
c. Gamma globulin
d. Fibrinogen

65. Of the following formed elements of blood, which are most numeorus?
a. Neutrophils
b. Eosinophils
c. Lymphocytes
d. Monocytes

66. Hematocrit measures:

a. Hemoglobin level
b. RBC Volume
c. Differential count
d. AOTA

67. Which is rarest of the following blood cells?

a. Neutrophil
b. Lymphocyte
c. Basophil
d. Eosinophil

68. The largest blood cells in blood smears:

a. RBCs
b. Eosinophils
c. Basophils
d. Monocytes

69. Which of the following formed elements of blood have the longest lifespan?
a. T cells
b. RBCs
c. Platelets
d. B cells

70. in blood smears, an RBC that has more than the normal amount of hemoglobin is called:
a. Macrocytic
b. Normochromic
c. Hypochromic
d. Hyperchromic

71. TRUE of specific granules in WBCs:

a. They are present in all WBCs
b. They are secretory granules
Histology Semestral Exams

c. Both
d. Neither

72. Connective tissue cell that is similar to the basophil in that its cytoplasmic granules also contain heparin and histamine
a. Plasma cell
b. Mast cell
c. Inflammatory macrophage
d. Resident macrophage

73. In adults, cells that are produced in the bone marrow:

a. T stem cells
b. B stem cells
c. RBCs
d. AOTA

74. Blood cells that have the same progenitor cells as neutrophils:
a. Eosinophils
b. Basophils
c. Monocytes
d. A &B above

75. The precursor cell of the erythrocyte:

a. Proerythroblast
b. Myeloblast
c. Monoblast
d. Lymphoblast

76. of the following cells of the erythroid lineage? Which has the most amount of hemoglobin in its cytoplasm?
a. Normoblast
b. Reticulocyte
c. Mature RBC
d. Basophilic erythroblast

77. In granulocytic lineages, which of the following cells differentiate directly from myeloblasts:
a. Stab cell
b. Promyelocyte
c. Myelocyte
d. Metamyelocyte

78. Platelets are cytoplasmic fragments of:

a. Proerythroblasts
b. Megakaryoblasts
c. Myeloblasts
d. Megakaryocytes

79. T stem cells and B Stem cells develop into mature and immunocompetent T cells and B cells in the:
a. Central lymphoid organs
b. Peripheral lymphoid organs and tissues
c. Both
d. Neither

80. TRUE of lymphocytes that are released by the thymus and bone marrow into the peripheral lymphoid tissues and organs:
a. They already possess antigen receptors
b. They are small lymphocytes
c. They are naïve
d. AOTA

81. Effector cells of the inflammatory response that are also APCs:
a. Basophils
b. Macrophages
Histology Semestral Exams

c. T cells
d. A & B above

82. Cells that can differentiate into helper T cells:

a. CD4+ T Cells
b. CD8+ T cells
c. Naïve B cells
d. A & B above

83. In humoral immunity, after the offending antigen has been eliminated following an immune response, which antigen-specific cells DO NOT
undergo apoptosis?
a. Memory B cells
b. Plasma cells
c. Both
d. Neither

84. The lymphocytes that are needed to effect a secondary immune response are generated in the:
a. Central lymphoid organs
b. Peripheral lymphoid organs and tissues
c. Both
d. Neither

85. The stroma of which lymphoid organ/s consists of epitheloid cells?

a. Lymph node
b. Spleen
c. Thymus
d. AOTA

86. Developing T cells are presented self-antigens by APCs called thymic interdigitating cells in which part of the thymus?
a. Capsule
b. Outer cortex
c. Inner cortex
d. Medulla

87. The germinal center in a lymphoid nodule is made up of proliferating:

a. B cells
b. T cells
c. NK cells
d. Reticular cells

88. In dense lymphoid tissue, the lymphocytes are mostly:

a. B cells
b. T cells
c. NK cells
d. Lymphoblasts

89. Trabecular sinuses characterize the:

a. Lymph node
b. Spleen
c. Thymus
d. Palatine tonsil

90. The region in the spleen which consists of sinusoids that are separated from each other by splenic cords of Billroth:
a. Medulla
b. Cortex
c. Red pulp
d. White pulp

91. Tonsil that is overlaid by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium:

a. Palatine
b. Pharyngeal
Histology Semestral Exams

c. Tubal
d. A & B above

92. The thickest histologic layer of the heart:

a. Visceral pericardium
b. Endocardium
c. Myocardium
d. Subendocardium

93. TRUE of purkinje fibers in the heart:

a. They are bigger than the typical cardiac muscle cells
b. They are lighter-staining than the typical cardiac muscle cells
c. Those that make up the SA node ae smaller than those in the other components of the impulse conducting system of the heart
d. AOTA

94. TRUE of continuous capillaries:

a. They are synonymous with sinusoidal capillaries
b. Their wall is pierced at interval by pores
c. They have associated pericytes
d. A & C above

95. TRUE of pericytes:

a. They are contractile cells that are associated with continuous capillaries
b. They are associated with lymph capillaries
c. They are synonymous with endothelial cells
d. AOTA

96. The external elastic lamina that is present in muscular arteries is part of which histologic layer?
a. Tunica intima
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica adventitia
d. NOTA

97. The thickest histologic layer of medium arteries

a. Tunica intima
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica adventitia
d. Tunica serosa

98. Blood vessels that are interposed between two capillary beds
a. Metarterioles
b. Arteriovenous anastomoses
c. Portal vessels
d. AOTA

99. In which blood vessels do you find internal elastic membranes?

a. Arteries
b. Veins
c. Capillaries
d. Both A & B above

100. TRUE of the thoracic duct:

a. It is longer and bigger than the right lymphatic duct
b. It collects lymph from all tissues that are on the right side of the body and above the diaphragm
c. It empties its lymph into the venous system at the junction of the right jugular and subclavian veins
d. AOTA