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CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS
Lewis F l i g h t P r o p u l s i o n L a b o r a t o r y
Cleveland, Ohio
Washington
July 1951
BUSINESS, SCIENCE
& TECHNOLOGY DEP'T
1
c
NATI0IU.L ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS
TECBNICAL NOTE 2 4 2 1
SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
THEORY OF METHOD
4
Preliminary Considerations
and
F l u i d s t r i p . - A f l u i d s t r i p of i n f i n i t e s i m a l width dM l i e s on
t h e surface of r e v o l u t i o n and extends across t h e passage between blades
along a l i n e of constant R. A developed view of t h e f l u i d s t r i p i s
shown i n f i g u r e 4 . The f l u i d s t r i p has dimensions dM and RAG where
t h e angular width of passage between blades A6 i s defined by
and
6 N K A TN 2421
ri
where the subscript U r e f e r s t o conditions upstream of t h e impeller a
d
and where h i s t h e whirl r a t i o (absolute moment of momentum divided N
by rTco) given by
h = R ( W + (9)
Development of Method
Qa + Qt
Qav = 2
Also, f o r R, L R 5 1.0,
sin pav = A + BR + CR2
.
. NACA TN 2 4 2 1 7
In Rx
---=-=
In o*8 - 0.71
where a i s t h e average value over the i n t e r v a l RX k R 5 1.0. Equa-
t i o n (13) i s based upon an extension of t h e work i n reference l where
f o r impellers with s t r a i g h t blades it i s shown t h a t t h e flow conditions
i n one impeller can be c o r r e l a t e d w i t h t h e f l o w conditions i n another
InR
impeller a t t h e same value of
(ne) s i n a' I n reference 1, t h e
i m p e l l e r - t i p Mach number and t h e compressor flow r a t e were found t o have
a n e g l i g i b l e e f f e c t on t h e value o f R,.
r 1
from which
~T(A~)T(A~)T
( h )= ~ 09a)
NACA TN 2421 9
and
(3) (sin P a v ) ~ = A + B + C
so t h a t
A = (sin Pav)~- B -C
10 NACA 'I" 2421
.
a t Rx, and where ( s i n pav)T i s determined f r o m t h e s l i p f a c t o r p,
which i s a e f i n e d b y (reference 6)
rl
0,
rl
so t h a t OJ
APPLICATION OF METHOD
R = R(M)
and
a = U(M)
H = H(M)
.
. NACA TN 2421 13
Average v e l o c i t y &av. -
The average v e l o c i t y €& a t each value
of M ( o r R) i s determined by equation (18) i n which pav/po i s given
by equation ( 2 0 ) . Because pav/po a l s o contains Qv, t h e simultsn-
eous s o l u t i o n of equations (13) and (20) must be by trial and e r r o r .
A suggested procedure i s f i r s t t o compute pav/po assuming t h a t Qav I
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
APPENDIX - SYMBOLS
The following symbols a r e used i n t h i s r e p o r t :
Q a c c e l e r a t i o n due t o g r a v i t y
P s t a t i c (stream) pressure
rT impeller-tip r a d i u s
T s t a t i c (stream) temperature
A whirl r a t i o , equation ( 9 )
CL s l i p f a c t o r , equation (22)
CD anwar v e l o c i t y of impeller ( i n d i r e c t i o n of p o s i t i v e e)
. Sub s c r i p t s :
av average
T impeller t i p
U upstream of impeller
Direction of r o t a t i o n
N
Ul
-4
N
.
R T = 1.0
Mer i d i o n a l I m D e 1l e r / / /
--------
I
I
~ C e n t e r l i n e between
streamlines t h a t
bound f l u i d p a r t i c l e
1
A x l a of i m p-
eller
F i g u r e 2. - S t r e a m l i n e s i n m e r i d i o n a l p l a n e f o r axial-symmetry s o l u t i o n
of f l o w t h r o u g h i m p e l l e r o f f i g u r e 1.
NACA TN 2421 21
rl
a
N
.
.
-
22 NACA TN 2421
0)
Driving face
Direction of
blade surface
0J2&
4’
/
Q \
I. 0’ - x ’ / / \
/ \
/
/
rl
II
I
ffi
////////
”
d
I
+
I
p:
Z
rl
.
24 NACA TN 2421
1.c
.9
N
t;
P
.a
-Relaxation solution
Approximate method
.7
.6
Q a 4
.-
‘1
.C
.I
-.I
I Rx
-.‘ .65 I
.70
I
.?5
I
.ao .ti5 I I
.90
I
.95 1.0
R
(a) Example (a): flow coefficient cp, 0 . 5 ; impeller-tip Mach number $, 1.5; constant flow
area (HR I1.0); angular width of passage AO, 12O; blade angle B, 0 ;
compressible flow ( y = 1.4).
Figure 7. - Varlation in velocity along blade surfaces as obtained by relaxation methods (ref-
erences 1 and 7) and by approximate method.
4 NACA TN 2421 25
.
I
-Relaxation aolution
Approximate method
I Rx
. -.,
1
1
.70
I
.?5
I
.80
R
.85
I I I
.90
I
.95 1
(b) Example (b): flow coefficient cp, 0.7; other parameters same as example (a).
Figure 7. - Continued. Variation in velocity along blade surfaces as obtained by relaxation
methods (references 1 and 7) and by approximate method,
26 NACA TN 2421
1.
Q .
0-Relaxation solution
Approximate method
-
2 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 1.0
R
(c) Example (c): flow coefficient T, 0.9; other parameters same as example (a).
Figure 7. - Continued. Variation in veloolty along blade surfaces as obtained by relaxation
methods (references 1 and 7) and by approximate method.
NACA TN 2421 27
-Relaxation solutLon
Approximate method
Q ' Q \
(d) Example (d): impeller-tip Mach TJmber MT, 2.0; other parameters same as example (a).
Figure 7. - Continued. Variation in velocity along blade surfaces as obtained by relaxation
methods (references 1 ani 7) and by approximate method.
28 NACA TN 2421
O-------Fielaxation solution
Approximate method
Q .
-.
- I I
IRx I I 1
.70 .75 .00
R
.e5 .so .95 1.0
1.
-Relaxation solution
Approximate method
Q .
I Rx
- 1 I I I I
1 .10 .15 .80 .85 .90 .95 3
R
(f) Example (f): blade angle 8, tan-’(-0.5); other parameters same as example (e).
Figure 7. - Continued. Variation in velocity along blade surfaces as obtained by relaxa-
tion methods (references 1 and 7) and by approximate method.
30 NASA TN 2421
.
-0
----
Relaxation solution
AprL uxlnlaie solution
.9
.e
.7 -Relaxation solution
Approximate solution
.6
.5 Qav
0 -4
.3
.f
.1
.-1
.-‘ I I I I I
(h) Example (h): incompressible flow; other parameters same as example (e). Note that
for incompressible flow stagnation speed of sound co contained in definitions of Q, +,
and ‘P is a fictitious quantity which, if considered equal to co of example (e), enables
comparison of compressible (example ( e ) ) and incompressible (example(h) ) solutions for
same impeller-tip speed, weight-flow rate, and s o forth.
Figure 7. -
Concluded. Variation in velocity along blade surfaces as obtained by relaxation
methods (references 1 and 7) and by approximate method.
NACA-Langley - 7-19-51 - M