It is clear that a good text requires a great combination of these

following criteria:

 Unity
 Coherence
 Logic
 Internal Consistency
 Structural Pattern

Now, let’s go into detail each criterion

1. First of all, Unity:

According to Cambridge’s dictionary: Unity is the state of being joined

together or in agreement.

All parts are arranged to contribute to the whole.

So, when evaluating the unity of the texts, you should answer 2 main
questions:

1. What is the main idea of the text?

2. Do all the parts support or clarify the main idea?

Here is an example to show the unity of the text:

▪ The writer states the main idea in the first sentence (topic
sentence).

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 ▪ Sentences (2), (3) and (5) are supporting sentences explaining or
giving more information about sentence (1).

▪ Moreover, sentence (4) is an example to clarify the sentence (3).

▪ All sentences in this paragraph are related to the topic sentence.

▪ => a unified and logical paragraph.

Move on another example:

▪ The paragraph above lacks unity because it jumps from idea to

idea. In the topic sentence, the writer tells the readers about the
popularity of Zombies. This sentence is supported by sentence (2)
which gives the names of films focusing on zombies. However,
sentence (3) mentions another topic, a famous actor, which is
supported by the 4th sentence. Finally, other ideas are stated in
sentences (5) and (6).
 The above sentences are not related to each other. In other words,
the paragraph lacks unity.

2. Coherence: https://www.slideshare.net/annemiekwegman/eap-
tutorial-4
- According to Taboada (2004), “Coherence is the hanging together
of the text with relation to its context of situation or culture”.

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 - Coherence is the result of the interpretation of the meaning of the
text, and it depends on the relation between the audience and the
text (Tanskanen, 2006).
- Coherence is achieved when sentences and ideas are connected
and flow together smoothly. A text without coherence can inhibit a
reader’s ability to understand the ideas and main points of the text.
Coherence allows the reader to move easily throughout the text
from one idea to the next, from one sentence to the next, and from
one paragraph to the next.
- There are several methods for making the coherent text:
 Repetition of key words and phrases
 Transitional Expressions: however, because, therefore, in
addition
 Pronouns (he, they, our, this, that, etc.)
 Synonyms
 Parallel Structures

The examples below show the coherent, and non-coherent texts:

Let’s look at the example:

Credit cards are convenient, but dangerous. People often get them in
order to make large purchases easily without saving up lots of money in
advance. This is especially helpful for purchases like cars, kitchen
appliances, etc., that you may need to get without delay. However, this

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convenience comes at a high price: interest rates. The more money you
put on your credit card, the more the bank or credit union will charge
you for that convenience. If you’re not careful, credit card debt can
quickly break the bank and leave you in very dire economic
circumstances!

 Topic Sentence: a very clear, declarative topic sentence.

Repetition:
+ “Credit card” appears repeatedly. They show the subject of the
whole paragraph is about credit card.
+ “Convenience” is also peppered throughout.
+ “Danger” appears in the topic sentence and then is explained
fully as the paragraph goes on.
Pronouns: them, this, that.
Parallel structure: credit card debt can quickly break the bank
and leave you in very dire economic circumstances!
Clear transitions: Each sentence flows into the next quite easily.
So readers can follow the line of logic.
https://literaryterms.net/coherence/
This is the end of my part, Quynh will continue the other criteria.