Cardiology

Arterial pulse
1. Slow rising pulse is seen in AS
2. Pulsus alternans occurs in CHF
3. Pulses bigeminus is seen in Digoxin therapy
4. Dicrotic pulse is seen in Dilated cardiomyopathy
5. Pulsus paradoxus is seen in
a. Cardiactamponade
b. Constrictivepericarditis
c. Severeasthma
6. Water hammer pulse is seen in Aortic regurgitation
7. Pulsus bisferiens is best felt in Radial artery

Jugular Venous Pulse (JVP)

1. 'C' wave in JVP is due to Tricuspid valve bulging into right atrium
2. In JVP. Cannon wave Complete heart block
3. In the JVP, 'a' waves are absent in Atrial fibrillation
4. Typical finding in cardiac tamponade- Absent 'Y' descent
5. “A” wave in JVP is absent in Hyperkalemia

Heart Sounds
1. Loud S1 is caused by a. Short PR interval b. Tachycardia
2. Loud S1 in Mitral stenosis is caused by Prolonged flow through mitral valve
3. Reverse splitting of 2nd heart sound in heard in
a. LBBB b. AS
4. Wide fixed split S2 occurs in ASD
5. Wide and variable -split second heart sound is seen in
a. RBBB b. PS
6. Single second heart sound is seen in
a. TOF b. Pulmonary atresia c. Severe pulmonary stenosis

7. Loud pulmonary component of second heart sound heard in

a. Pulmonary hypertension
b. Eisenmenger’s syndrome
8. Fourth heart sound S4 IS Heard during ventricular filling late phase
9. Opening snap is a high-pitched diastolic sound.

Heart Murmurs
1. AS has mid systolic murmur
2. MVP has late systolic murmur
3. AR has early diastolic murmur
4. Atrial myxoma has late diastolic murmur
5. Continuous murmur is found in Systemic A V fistula
6. HOCM murmur increases with Valsalva

ECG
1. Heart rate is 1500 / RR interval
2. P wave is due to Atrial depolarization
3. PR interval is reduced in WPW syndrome
4. In LVH, SV1 + RV6 is more than 35 mm
5. QT interval is shortened in Hypercalcemia
6. Congenital long QT syndrome can lead to Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
7. ECG findings seen in Hypokalemia:Increased PR interval with ST depression, Prolong QT, U wave.
8. ECG changes in a patient with left pneumothorax Right axis deviation
9. Alternating RBBB with LBBB is seen in Trifascicular block
10. Prolongation of QRS is a feature of Bundle Branch Block.
11. Tachycardia is the commonest ECG finding in pulmonary embolism
12. Most characteristic finding in ECG in pulmonary embolism is S1 QIII TIII
13. Normal axis is Between -30° and +100°
14. Left axis deviation is seen in Septum primum ASD
15. Low voltage ECG in seen in Hypothyroid
16. Osborn wave is seen in Hypothermia
17. Electrical alternans is seen in Cardiactamponade
18. Treatment of asymptomatic bradycardia is No treatment is required
19. Earliest finding in acute MI is Tall T wave
20. Correct sequence of ECG changes in acute MI is ST elevation, T inversion, Q wave
21. Most important ECG finding in non Q MI is Symmetrical T wave inversion
22. Saw tooth appearance in ECG is seen in Atrial flutter
23. Embolic phenomena is most likely seen in Atrial fibrillation
24. Broad complex tachycardia, due to ventricular a tachycardia is suggested by a. Fusion Beats b. A V
dissociation c. Capture Beats
25. Feature of Torse de pointes is Prolonged QTc interval
26. High idio ventricular rhythm is seen in Digitalis toxicity
27. Best Treatment of congenital long QT syndrome is Implantable cardioverter/defibrillator
28. Morbus Caeruleus is Congenital Heart Diseases with Cyanosis
29. Digoxin is not a treatment of WPW syndrome
30. Sudden RBBB is seen Ashman’s phenomenon

Heart Failure
1. Most common cause of acute right heart failure is Pulmonary embolism
2. Anaemia is a cause of high output failure
3. Hepatomegaly is a minor Framingham criteria in CHF
4. Left atrial filling pressure closely approximates Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)
5. Normal PCWP with pulmonary oedema is seen in High altitude
6. Normal Ejection Fraction is 50 to 75%
7. Nesiritide is an BNP Analogue
8. Levosimendan is used in the treatment of CHF
9. Coenzyme Q is used in the treatment of CHF
10. First line Treatment of acute pulmonary edema Sublingual nitroglycerin

CAD
1. Risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD)
a. Increased homocysteine levels
b. Increased lipoproteins a
2. Nephrotic syndrome increases the susceptibility to coronary artery disease
3. In an old patient, the best indicator of probability of developing cardiovascular disease can be calculated by
LDL/HDL ratio.
4. Tendon xanthoma is seen in Familial hypercholesteremia
5. MC cause of abdominal aortic aneurysm Atherosclerosis
6. Coronary flow is maximum at early diastole phase of cardiac cycle
7. Angina pectoris is best diagnosed by History
8. A criteria of positive TMT: ST Depression >0.1 mm lasting for >0.08 sec
9. Agatston score is used for Quantification of calcified plaque
10. Test performed to detect stunned (reversible) myocardial ischemia PET scan
11. Complete occlusion of coronary artery is denoted by 0 in TIMI by angiography
12. Agent of first choice in an acute attack of Prinzmetal’s angina is Nitrates
13. Ranolazine is used in the treatment of Angina
14. Echo is not a part of diagnostic criteria of acute MI in WHO criteria
15. Bradycardia is a feature of Inferior wall MI
16. Murmur that can be there in acute MI is MR and VSD
17. Anterior septal wall of left ventricle is the most common site of myocardial infraction.
18. ST segment elevation is diagnostic of fresh myocardial infarction in ECG
19. Tall T wave is the first feature of acute MI in ECG
20. ECG is poor at detecting ischemia in areas supplied by Right coronary artery
21. Intraoperative myocardial infarction is best diagnosed by Trans esophageal echocardiography
22. In stable angina The levels of cardiac markers remain unchanged
23. In MI, enzyme raised in 4 to 6 hrs & decreases in 3 to 4 days is CPK
24. Drug used to perform stress ECHO Dobutamine
25. The best possible intervention for acute myocardial infarction is Streptokinase or PTCA.
26. Death in acute MI with thrombolytic therapy is due to Intracranial hemorrhage
27. Reperfusion is useful for Hibernating myocardium
28. Right ventricular infarction is the most likely cause of shock
29. A patient had an inferior wall myocardial infarction and was in shock. The reason for the patient being in shock
is- Right ventricular infarction
30. Myocardial infarction the mortality and morbidity of the patient is best indicated by Left ventricular ejection
fraction
31. In a patient with myocardial infarction the valvular lesion commonly seen in- Mitral regurgitation
32. Maximum mortality of MI occurs in day 1
33. Pulmonary edema, systolic BP >90 indicate which class of Killipe’s classification in acute MI Class III
34. Dressler’s syndrome is seen in MI
35. Raised level of biomarker which predict the increased risk of MI is CRP
36. LAD also known as Widow’s artery
37. Best biomarker of acute MI is Troponin T
38. In MI, thrombolytics can be given if patient comes within 12hrs

Cardiomyopathy
1. Amyloidosis is the most common cause for 'Restrictive cardiomyopathy
2. A young basketball player suddenly collapsed and has sudden cardiac death, is due to HOCM
3. The murmur of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is decreased in Supine position
4. Aggravation of symptoms of angina in a patient when given nitrates is seen in Idiopathic hypertrophic sub aortic
stenosis (HOCM)
5. Double apex beat is seen in HOCM
6. Digoxin is contraindication in HOCM

Pericardial diseases
1. Hydralazine causes pericarditis
2. Acute rheumatic fever is least likely to cause constrictive pericarditis (CP)
3. Kussmaul's sign is seen in Constrictive Pericarditis (CP)
4. Nephrotic syndrome is seen in CP
5. During ventricular pressure pulses square root wave is seen in Constrictive pericarditis
6. Pulsus paradoxus is a characteristic feature of Cardiac Tamponade
7. Beck's triad seen in Cardiactamponade
8. Ewart's sign is seen in Cardiactamponade
9. Electric alternans is seen in Cardiac tamponade
Hypertension
1. Mean arterial pressure is Diastolic + 1/3rd Pulse pressure
2. Pulse pressure is Systolic - diastolic B.P.
3. The blood pressure measured by a sphygmomanometer Is higher than the intraarterial pressure
4. Spuriously high BP is seen in Silent gap
5. Critical ischemia for peripheral arterial disease if Ankle brachial index is 0.3
6. J curve phenomena is related to Hypertension
7. Characteristic feature seen in the kidney in malignant hypertension is Fibrinoid necrosis
8. Sustained severe hypertension in children is most commonly suggestive of Renal parenchymatous disease
9. MRI angiography is a specific and a sensitive screening test for Renovascular Hypertension.
10. In hypertensive retinopathy A-V nipping is seen in class II
11. Best drug for angina with hypertension is Metoprolol
12. Drugs contraindicated in diabetes with hypertension Thiazide
13. Drug of choice in BHP with hypertension is Alpha blocker
14. Side effect of ACEI Hyperkalemia
15. Side effect of hydralazine is SLE like feature
16. Aliskiren is a Renin antagonist
17. Main action of Ivabradine is Bradycardia
18. Fenoldopam is a D1 receptor agonist
19. Urapidil is Alpha 1 blocker

Myxoma
1. Most common tumour of heart is Myxoma
2. Distant metastasis is not seen in Cardiac myxoma
3. Gradient in pulmonary artery wedge pressure and left ventricular end diastolic pressure is seen in Left atrial
myxoma
4. Secondary in the heart which come maximum from primary tumor is Melanoma

Rheumatic Fever
1. In Rheumatic fever Chorea is aggravated during pregnancy
2. Earliest valvular lesion in a case of acute rheumatic fever is Mitral regurgitation (MR)
3. True statement about Rheumatic fever in children a. Polyarthritis b. MC valve involvement is Mitral
4. Erythema Marginatum in Acute Rheumatic fever is Usually associated with carditis
5. Subcutaneous nodule in Rheumatic fever a. Non tender b. Present in extensor surfaces
6. Fever is a minor criteria for diagnosis of RF according to modified Jones criteria
7. Diagnostic feature in rheumatic heart disease is Aschoff's nodule
8. McCallum's patch is diagnostic of Rheumatic heart disease.

Valvular Heart Disease

1. LVH is not a feature of MS
2. S3 is not a feature of MS
3. Straitening of the left border of heart is the early feature of CXR of MS
4. MITRA clip is used in the treatment of MR.
5. Edward Sapiens valve is used for treatment of AS
6. Reduce EF slope in echo is seen in MS
7. Commonest valvular lesion in India & the World isMVP
8. MVP isAutosomal dominant
9. Valvular lesion seen in William’s syndrome AS
10. Gallavardin sign is seen in AS
11. Sudden death can occur in AS
12. Commonest symptoms of AR is Palpitation
13. Austin flint murmur is heard in AR
14. Commonest cause of TR is Cor pulmonale
15. Carvallo’s sign is seen in TR
16. Pulsatile liver is seen in TR
17. In TS,Giant a wave and slowY descent is seen
18. Pulmonary valve is least commonly involved in RHD
19. Graham steels murmur is heard in PR
20. Pulsatile liver and ascites is found in TR
21. Mid-diastolic murmur with presystolic accentuation is heard in MS
22. TEE is better than Trans thoracic Echo to identify the atrial thromboembolism

Endocarditis
1. Infective endocarditis is least likely to occur in Atrial septal defect (Secondary)
2. Most common heart valve involved in IV drug user is Tricuspid valve
3. Bacterial endocarditis is most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus
4. A patient has prosthetic valve replacement and he develops endocarditis 8 months later. Organism responsible
is Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS)
5. Vegetations on under surface of AV. valves are found in Libman Sack's endocarditis
6. Flat vegetations in pockets of valves are due to Libman sacks Endocarditis
7. Osler's nodes are seen at Tip of Palm & Sole
8. Roth spots are seen in Endocarditis
9. Best investigation to diagnose endocarditis is Echo and blood culture.
10. Duke criteria is used in Endocarditis
11. MVP without MR has very low risk factor for endocarditis
12. In a patient of heart disease antibiotic prophylaxis for dental extraction is Amoxicillin

If you found this content useful, you can buy this book from the following link

http://bit.ly/2vNlgTt