NNFE Full Book 6-24-09

Naval Netwar FORCEnet Enterprise Plan
June 24, 2009

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1 OPENING LETTER
2 FROM THE LEADERSHIP OF
3 THE NAVAL NETWAR FORCEnet ENTERPRISE (NNFE)
4
5 In 1984, the term “cyberspace” was introduced in a science fiction novel by William Gibson, where it described “a graphic
6 representation of data extracted from the banks of every computer in the human system.” Twenty-three years later, in April
7 2007, the first public nation-on-nation “cyber attack” took place on Estonia after that country removed a statue of a Soviet
8 soldier from the town square in its capital, Tallinn, to the dismay of Soviet descendants who lived in Estonia and Russia.
9 Today, rapid changes continue to take place in technology and networks across the globe, profoundly changing how people
10 interact. The security of our nation demands a technology strategy vision that supports our defense and naval strategy,
11 coupled with an organizational structure that can unflinchingly execute that strategy in an increasingly interconnected
12 environment.
13
14 Like successful commercial business conglomerates, the Navy has adopted enterprise business models to leverage resources,
15 achieve goals, and deliver products. The Naval NETWAR FORCEnet Enterprise (NNFE) is a unique warfare-focused
16 structure comprising four separate organizations that incorporate the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Chief Operating Officer
17 (COO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO), and Chief Information Officer (CIO) leadership hierarchy to achieve its goals and
18 objectives.
19
20 The Commander, Naval Network Warfare Command (NETWARCOM) serves as NNFE CEO and delivers
21 integrated cyber mission capabilities in Information Operations (IO), Intelligence, Network Operations (NetOps),
22 and Space that enable warfighters across the full range of military operations. He provides highly trained forces,
23 interoperable and well-maintained equipment, clear processes, and governance for the Fleet.
24
25 The Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (OPNAV DCNO) for Communication Networks (N6) serves as NNFE CFO
26 and oversees the development of netcentric policy, planning, governance, requirements integration, and investment
27 direction to provide information warfighting advantages to combat-ready Navy forces.
28
29 The Commander, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR) serves as NNFE COO and delivers
30 FORCEnet through invention, acquisition, development, delivery, and sustainment of integrated and interoperable
31 Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR), business
32 Information Technologies (IT), and space capabilities in the interest of national defense.
33
34 The Director, United States Marine Corps (USMC) C4 serves as USMC CIO and NNFE member. He is responsible
35 for ensuring the Marine Corps continues to be the world’s most capable expeditionary fighting force through
36 dramatic enhancement of Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) expeditionary and joint C4 capabilities via
37 application of C4 and IT.
38
39 The NNFE vision for its technical strategy continues to sustain and evolve the naval C4ISR suite as an essential and vital
40 element of our national security strategy. On a daily basis, networks, sensors, computers, and mobile devices continue to
41 converge, and all trends show that it will not be long before the tools of computing will become ubiquitous, affecting every
42 part of our daily lives. Naval C4ISR capabilities are the backbone for both Navy and Marine Corps warfighting capabilities
43 overall, while facilitating needed business processes. This ultimately results in versatility for combat effectiveness.
44
45 This book describes NNFE investment areas within the current Program Objective Memorandum (POM) cycle and features
46 future capabilities that position the NNFE to address the diverse strategic challenges we will face through 2012 and beyond.
47 These future capabilities envisioned for the “Next Navy and Marine Corps” must outpace the threats posed by attacks on our
48 naval networks and will encompass power projection in cyberspace. Converging, decoupling, and protecting our shore, sea-
49 based, and space-based systems will shape a powerfully networked force—a concept described as “netcentricity.” This
50 netcentricity provides geographically dispersed commanders with the power to share and exploit all manner of knowledge
51 and collected information, fully operationalizing Command and Control (C2) functions, and enabling them to exercise the
52 authority and rapid decision making necessary to dominate the battlespace. Additionally, enhancing current capabilities and
53 reorganizing our staffs and operating forces will enable the NNFE to leverage existing material and manpower resources to
54 more effectively meet and exceed operational challenges.
55
56 This vision for the NNFE forms the basis of our strategic, operational, and fiscal decisions through the current POM cycle.
57 We share it to inform and guide the actions of those whose support is critical to our continued success.
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VADM H. Denby Starling II, USN VADM Harry B. Harris Jr., USN
Deputy Chief of Naval Operations

Commander, Naval Network Warfare Command
for Communications Networks (N6)
RADM Michael C. Bachmann, USN Major General (sel) George J. Allen, USMC
Commander, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command Director, C4/Chief Information Officer of the Marine Corps
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
OPENING LETTER .................................................................................................................................................................. i
ROLES AND CURRENT THREATS

THE ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................................................ 1
To Shape a Global Network ................................................................................................................................................... 1
Collaborative Decision Making ............................................................................................................................................. 1
Future Trends ......................................................................................................................................................................... 1
NNFE Spearheading Network Transformation ...................................................................................................................... 1
NNFE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ........................................................................................................................... 2

Effects-Based Execution ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
NNFE Delivers FORCEnet..................................................................................................................................................... 3
NNFE Executes the Maritime Strategy................................................................................................................................... 4
NNFE: First in Decision Superiority...................................................................................................................................... 5
CURRENT CAPABILITY: TODAY'S NAVY AND MARINE CORPS

OVERSEAS OPERATIONS.................................................................................................................................................... 7
Marines Networking on the Move .......................................................................................................................................... 7
New C4I Front-Line Technologies ......................................................................................................................................... 8
MRAP C4I Integration ........................................................................................................................................................... 8
ISR: Sensors ........................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Mobile Operations Control Center (MOCC) ....................................................................................................................... 10
Information Operations (IO) Provider ................................................................................................................................. 11
Tactical Communications..................................................................................................................................................... 12
Coalition Partners................................................................................................................................................................ 14
Fleet Operations – Space ..................................................................................................................................................... 15
SUPPORTING FLEET OPERATIONS ............................................................................................................................... 16

Facilities............................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Organizations ....................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Functions and Infrastructure................................................................................................................................................ 18
Navy “Business” – Corporate Operations ........................................................................................................................... 21
HIGH-END WARFARE......................................................................................................................................................... 23
Navy Air and Missile Defense Command ............................................................................................................................. 24
Theater Battle Management Core Systems (TBMCS)........................................................................................................... 24
HEW Engineering................................................................................................................................................................. 24
Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Defense ................................................................................................................................ 24
C2 Battle Management Communications (C2BMC) ............................................................................................................ 25
FUTURE CAPABILITY: NEXT NAVY AND MARINE CORPS
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CONVERGE NETWORKS ................................................................................................................................................... 26
NNFE Network Revolution ................................................................................................................................................... 26
On Course to a Solution ....................................................................................................................................................... 27
Networks Are a Combat System ........................................................................................................................................... 27
CANES Program .................................................................................................................................................................. 27
MCEITS Initiative................................................................................................................................................................. 28
NNE of 2016 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Network Transformation, Other Domains............................................................................................................................ 29
NNFE Advancing Airborne Networks .................................................................................................................................. 29
Investments Improving Joint Communications..................................................................................................................... 29
Vision: Enhanced Warfighter Capability ............................................................................................................................. 30
Success Story ........................................................................................................................................................................ 30
DECOUPLE SERVICES........................................................................................................................................................ 31
Afloat Networks: Building on the Backbone......................................................................................................................... 31
SOA: An Affordable Future .................................................................................................................................................. 31
SOA as a NNFE Transformation Tool.................................................................................................................................. 31
Consolidation and Synchronization...................................................................................................................................... 32
Challenges............................................................................................................................................................................ 32
Optimum Business and Warfighter Architecture .................................................................................................................. 32
Benefits of SOA..................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Other Investment Areas ........................................................................................................................................................ 33
HM & E/Combat Systems Network Development................................................................................................................. 33
Success Story ........................................................................................................................................................................ 34
ENHANCE CURRENT CAPABILITY ................................................................................................................................ 34

Naval “Firsts” in Modernizing Communications ................................................................................................................ 34
Operational Flexibility ......................................................................................................................................................... 35
Information Transport C4I Portfolio.................................................................................................................................... 35
National Security Space Enterprise...................................................................................................................................... 36
JTRS Program ...................................................................................................................................................................... 36
Linking Warriors to the GIG ................................................................................................................................................ 37
CENTRIXS-M Program........................................................................................................................................................ 37
Success Story ........................................................................................................................................................................ 37
FUTURE ALIGNMENT ........................................................................................................................................................ 39

NNFE Defending Cyberspace .............................................................................................................................................. 39
Fleet Alignment .................................................................................................................................................................... 39
The Cyber Workforce ........................................................................................................................................................... 39
OPNAV and Acquisition Community Alignment .................................................................................................................. 40
NGEN SPO........................................................................................................................................................................... 40
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Network Governance............................................................................................................................................................ 40
Intelligence Investments ....................................................................................................................................................... 41
Experimentation Investments Lead to Innovation ................................................................................................................ 41
OPERATIONALIZE C2 ........................................................................................................................................................ 42
Investments in Naval Expeditionary C2 ............................................................................................................................... 42
The Sea as Maneuver Space: Seabasing .............................................................................................................................. 42
Strategic Collaborative Alignment ....................................................................................................................................... 43
Maritime Operations Center (MOC).................................................................................................................................... 43
“Plug-and-Fight” C2 ........................................................................................................................................................... 43
Trident Warrior FY09 .......................................................................................................................................................... 43
MOC Enhancements............................................................................................................................................................. 44
Deployable Joint C2............................................................................................................................................................. 44
MDA Program...................................................................................................................................................................... 44
ISR and C2 Program Portfolio............................................................................................................................................. 45
Transitioning C2 and ISR to SOA......................................................................................................................................... 46
Persistent Surveillance ......................................................................................................................................................... 46
Success Story ........................................................................................................................................................................ 47
CYBER WARFARE
Information Operations (IO) ................................................................................................................................................ 49
Defining the Battlespace....................................................................................................................................................... 49
Technological Challenges and Opportunities ...................................................................................................................... 50
NNFE Role in Cyberspace.................................................................................................................................................... 50
Information Assurance (IA).................................................................................................................................................. 50
Defense in Depth .................................................................................................................................................................. 51
Navy IA Programs ................................................................................................................................................................ 51
TOTAL WORKFORCE: OUR PEOPLE

Total Force Strategy............................................................................................................................................................. 54
Preparing Future Warfighters.............................................................................................................................................. 54
Resource Alignment.............................................................................................................................................................. 54
Diversity ............................................................................................................................................................................... 55
Retention............................................................................................................................................................................... 55
STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY: NAVY AND MARINE CORPS AFTER NEXT

Future Science and Technology Investments........................................................................................................................ 57
An Illustration of the Vision: Orange vs. Purple ....................................................................................................................... 57
Aboard the USS Harry S. Truman (CVN 75), Year 2029......................................................................................................... 57

Inside the Command Operations Center (COC) .................................................................................................................. 58
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Data Strategy........................................................................................................................................................................ 59
Semantic Web: Effective Info Sharing .................................................................................................................................. 59
UCore: Enhancing Naval Productivity ................................................................................................................................ 60
Bird’s Eye View: USDC “Teleporting” ............................................................................................................................... 60
Ultimate C2: God’s Eye View .............................................................................................................................................. 61
ORANGE Objective in Sight................................................................................................................................................. 62
Humanitarian Mission Accomplished .................................................................................................................................. 63
The NNFE Vision.................................................................................................................................................................. 65
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Major Contractors............................................................................................................................................ 66
Appendix B: Acronyms and Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................... 68
Appendix C: Glossary............................................................................................................................................................. 76
Appendix D: Image Credits.................................................................................................................................................... 82
Appendix E: Links .................................................................................................................................................................. 86
Acknowledgements.................................................................................................................................................................. 88
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Leadership Quotes Included in the Table of Contents

“Modern warfare has evolved to the point where there’s no question that the warfighter who can make
decisions fastest and with the best accuracy is going to win the fight. Our operational commanders need
a robust network that will enable the information dominance and decision superiority necessary to win
that fight—and the Naval NETWAR FORCEnet Enterprise will deliver.”
–VADM H. Denby Starling II, USN
Commander, Naval Network Warfare Command
ROLES AND CURRENT THREATS

“The basic premise of our maritime strategy is that the United States is a force for good in the world–
that while we are capable of launching a clenched fist when we must–offering the hand of friendship is
also an essential, prominent tool in our kit.”
–General James T. Conway, Commandant of the Marine Corps
CURRENT CAPABILITY
“Until recently, there has not been an institutional home in the Defense Department for today’s
warfighter. Our contemporary wartime needs must receive steady long-term funding. I intend to use the
fiscal 2010 budget to directly support, protect, and care for the man or woman at the front.”
– Mr. Robert M. Gates, Secretary of Defense
FUTURE CAPABILITY
"The Navy is first and foremost a fighting, sea-going service—always has been. The weapons and
technology change. The ships, aircraft, and submarines certainly improve over time, but the job remains
the same: take the fight to the enemy so that he cannot take it to us."
–Admiral Mike Mullen, Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff
CYBER WARFARE
“The opening rounds of the next war will likely be in cyberspace. The Navy must organize, train, and
resource a credible Navy Cyber Force, and develop “leap-ahead,” interoperable, and resilient
capabilities in cyberspace to successfully counter and defeat a determined, asymmetric threat.”
–Admiral Gary Roughead, Chief of Naval Operations
OUR PEOPLE: TOTAL WORKFORCE

"As I look to the future in my role as CNO, I see three very simple things: to build tomorrow's Navy; to
maintain the readiness of today's Navy; and to ensure the policies that we have in place for our people
continue to attract, recruit, and retain the young men and women of America who can come to the Navy
and fulfill themselves both personally and professionally."
–Admiral Gary Roughead, Chief of Naval Operations
STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY
“To meet the future needs of the Navy-Marine Corps Team, the US must continue investments in the
power of discovery, invention, and innovation to maintain its rapid pace and stay ahead of the threats
that challenge America and its allies worldwide.”
–Rear Admiral Jay M. Cohen, Chief of Naval Research, ONR
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ROLES AND CURRENT THREATS 1
1 THE ENVIRONMENT
2 To Shape a Global Network
3 Networking capability is essential to executing an effective US Navy and Marine Corps strategy for the
4 21st century. Networks expand the effectiveness of US forces through more effective information
5 sharing, multiplying the power of limited numbers of units and small forces. As the nation’s top-level
6 strategies evolve, the Navy and Marine Corps are networking more with joint, allied, coalition forces,
7 nongovernmental organizations, and Other Government Agencies (OGA) to defend the maritime global
8 commons and cooperate in multinational sea-air power projection. Shaping a collaborative, shared
9 workspace and increasing US capability with these partners is a core 21st-century strategic challenge.
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11 Naval networks will operate both within the overall US exclusive military/government domain and into
12 the public realm, leveraging commercial networks and information assets. This emerging operating
13 concept has placed additional burdens on naval networks regarding procedures, protocols, security,
14 language, and equipment. Global maritime security depends on global information sharing. The future
15 Navy must do more with a smaller number of ships that must see beyond their own horizons to remain
16 effective throughout a vast maritime domain; networking makes that possible.
17 Collaborative Decision Making

18 Operations in the maritime domain demand Command, Control, Communications, and Computers (C4)
19 capabilities both globally and regionally coupled with Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
20 (ISR) assets. For enhanced maritime capability, services must exploit new military technologies and
21 capabilities among regional allies. At a minimum, US forces and allies must share common C2, with
22 regular participation of coalition officers trained to work on combined staffs. When these prerequisites
23 are met, the integration of compatible C4ISR systems for warfighter decision-makers becomes a
24 coalition force multiplier, enabling effective integration of US capabilities with allies—a true
25 collaborative environment for military operations.
26 Future Trends
27 The Sea Services are growing more dependent upon “Network-Centric Warfare” (NCW), a doctrine of
28 war pioneered by the Department of Defense (DoD) that seeks to translate an information advantage,
29 enabled in part by IT, into a competitive warfighting advantage through the robust networking of well-
30 informed geographically dispersed forces. NCW is appealing for several reasons: (1) fewer US and
31 allied naval forces in theater cause increased reliance on dispersed, interactive operations; (2) advanced
32 communication and data transmission systems enhance tactical advantages of those dispersed forces
33 (e.g., Cooperative Engagement Capability [CEC]); and (3) wider, accelerated use of offboard/remote
34 sensors that use networking for information dissemination and control (e.g., satellites and unmanned
35 aerial, surface, and undersea vehicles—including armed unmanned platforms). These NCW trends
36 continue to accelerate, with demands on naval networks for more effective use of bandwidth to
37 accommodate new requirements. Communication and network capabilities and techniques, including
38 time-sharing, burst communications, data routing, and assignment of priorities are vital to warfare
39 success in such an environment.
40 NNFE Spearheading Network Transformation

41 The Naval NETWAR FORCEnet Enterprise (NNFE) bears the responsibility for transitioning the Navy
42 and Marine Corps into the evolving world of 21st-century IT, and is the naval enterprise positioned at the
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43 nexus of two ongoing revolutions in warfare. The first is the increasing centralization of information
44 networks for sharing precise, accurate, and timely tactical information among all levels of forces––
45 leading to decentralized, or what the Marine Corps calls distributed, operations. The second revolution is
46 the exponential increase in commercial availability of information-handling and computing power that
47 underlies today’s proliferation of networks and their interconnection.
48
49 Increased use of data transmission and communications by naval forces will also provide potential
50 adversaries with greater access to the means and techniques for interfering with advanced networks.
51 This became evident when Iraqi forces attempted to obstruct Global Positioning System (GPS) weapon
52 guidance during the 2003 conflict and recent foreign cyber attacks on congressional, DoD, and other
53 government agency networks. Adversaries possess an agility advantage in developing cyber-attack
54 capabilities, because of the nature of a large, complex, hierarchal institution such as the US armed
55 forces, readily available cyber-attack techniques (often disseminated on the Internet), and the near-
56 ubiquity of commercial hardware and software. These security considerations have profound
57 implications for the NNFE.
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59 As these advanced information networks evolve, the role of common protocols and communication
60 technologies in melding forces grows in strategic significance. Surface, submarine, air platforms, shore
61 facilities, and land combatants all have their own core competencies and capabilities which, when
62 exercised to their full potential, are essential to the success of any naval strategy. Fundamentally,
63 however, these platforms are nodes in a network that need to be deployed and interconnected. A
64 flexible, open architecture–one that separates data, applications, and hardware–will make possible the
65 seamless interoperability of all cooperating forces and facilitate the “plug-and-fight” integration of new
66 arrivals, regardless of the internal details of their hardware or software applications. Simultaneously, the
67 cyber defense of networks, connectivity, and decision-making systems must become an essential
68 element of our IT infrastructure, even as our own ability to attack adversarial networks creates new
69 opportunities.
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71 US national security, homeland security, and military strategies envision a 21st-century maritime and
72 littoral battlespace dominated by strongly networked sea-air-land forces comprising US, allied, coalition,
73 and nongovernmental assets. As the key provider of the pervasive C4ISR network needed to make this
74 vision real, the NNFE remains the single most important enabler for creating and maintaining these
75 critical maritime force networks of the future.
76 NNFE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

77 In the fall of 2005, Commander, US Fleet Forces Command (CFFC) directed Commander, Naval
78 Network Warfare Command (NETWARCOM) to establish a new warfighting enterprise with the
79 mission to collectively enhance and accelerate the delivery and interoperability of netcentric capabilities
80 to the Fleet, while improving efficiencies, readiness, and cost-effectiveness for naval forces. Building
81 upon concepts underlying FORCEnet, the systematic methodology for the Navy to implement netcentric
82 operations, the Naval NETWAR FORCEnet Enterprise (NNFE) is chartered to provide cost-effective
83 delivery of forces ready for tasking by Navy Component Commanders (NCCs) worldwide at required
84 levels. The NNFE also delivers an agile, cost-focused implementation of FORCEnet.
85
86 The NNFE team consists of warfighters, acquisition professionals, engineers, managers, and logisticians
87 to meet the demands of strategic planning, warfighter/requirements, modernization and life cycle
88 management, and funding/financial strategies.
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89 The Commander, NETWARCOM, acting as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), chairs the Enterprise.
90 The CEO reports to the Fleet Readiness Enterprise (FRE) lead by CFFC and Commander, US Pacific
91 Fleet Command. Within the NNFE, the CEO is directly supported by the Commander, Space and Naval
92 Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR), acting as the Chief Operations Officer (COO), and the Chief
93 of Naval Operations (OPNAV N6), acting as the Chief Financial Officer (CFO). The Director, C4/Chief
94 Information Officer (CIO) of the Marine Corps also participates as a NNFE member, ensuring a total
95 naval force perspective.
96 Effects-Based Execution
97 The NNFE is engaged in operating and defending the Navy and Marine Corps components of the Global
98 Information Grid (GIG) as a weapons system. A blended team that delivers Fleet readiness and
99 operational capability in cyberspace, the NNFE is extending and optimizing use of Intelligence,
100 Information Operations (IO), Cyber Operations, Network Operations (NETOPS), and Space. The
101 primary goal of the NNFE construct is to optimize existing resources and management of all elements of
102 cost in order to achieve required levels of current readiness, save operating funds to recapitalize the
103 future Navy, and optimize the ability of the NNFE to deliver future capability on schedule.
104
105 Developing NNFE product lines is involving designing and implementing a network architecture that
106 includes standard joint protocols, common data packaging, seamless interoperability, and strengthened
107 security. It requires identifying and prioritizing capability investments within and across joint,
108 interagency, and international programs. Most importantly, it will emphasize people as the center of
109 development, so that technological advances support increasingly rapid and accurate decision making.
110 NNFE execution plan is designed to effectively address escalating operational costs, Fleet
111 recapitalization, and expanding mission requirements that necessitate the Navy transform the way
112 resources are managed. To accomplish today’s missions and prepare for tomorrow’s challenges, the
113 Navy must implement better operating practices.
114 NNFE Delivers FORCEnet

115 The Navy's Seapower 21 and Marine Corps’ Vision and Strategy 2025, outlined how naval and joint
116 forces will transform to "take the fight to the enemy" in Overseas Contingency Operations, improving
117 capabilities today for the uncertain decades ahead. These and other strategies lay the foundation of a
118 unified battlespace where the sea provides a vast maneuver area from which to project direct, decisive
119 power around the globe. FORCEnet, the Navy and Marine Corps' network-centric warfare thrust,
120 provides the architecture to align and integrate naval warfare systems, functions, and missions. Called
121 the operational construct and architectural framework for naval warfare in the Information Age,
122 FORCEnet is the “glue” that integrates warriors, sensors, C2, platforms, and weapons into a networked,
123 distributed combat force to improve the kill chain outcome.
124
125 The NNFE leads the execution of FORCEnet as the naval element of the GIG. The goal of FORCEnet is
126 to arm our forces with superior knowledge that leads to increased combat power. In pursuit of this goal,
127 FORCEnet will provide a comprehensive network of sensors, analysis tools, and decision aids to support
128 the full array of naval activities, from combat operations to logistics and personnel development. The
129 focused, timely, and accurate data delivered by FORCEnet will help leaders at every level by allowing
130 them to draw on vast amounts of information and share the resultant understanding. This will increase
131 the joint force's ability to synchronize activities throughout the battlespace to achieve the greatest
132 impact.
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133 NNFE Executes the Maritime Strategy

134 Comprising the world’s oceans, seas, bays, estuaries, littorals, and the airspace above them, the maritime
135 domain connects nations and supports more than 90% of the world’s trade. Recognizing the vital
136 strategic and economic importance of maintaining stability within the vast global maritime commons,
137 the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard created a unified maritime strategy, A Cooperative Strategy
138 for 21st Century Seapower. The Maritime Strategy integrates joint seapower with other elements of
139 national power, as well as those of our friends and allies, to protect the maritime domain anywhere in the
140 word today, and well into the future.
141
142 These integrated, joint “netted forces” will increasingly depend on their ability to securely share reliable
143 information in a net-centric environment, since the foundation of maritime security rests upon
144 Battlespace Awareness (BA): knowing what is moving above, on, and beneath the oceans. Commanders
145 must be able to understand the dispositions and intentions of others operating in their area, as well as the
146 characteristics and conditions of the operational environment itself. By delivering FORCEnet, the NNFE
147 provides the joint capabilities of Net-Centric Operations (NCO), BA, and Command and Control (C2)
148 which will provide the networked sensors, systems, and trained operators that acquire and distribute
149 information, enabling a commander’s awareness and empowered decision making toward accomplishing
150 the following Maritime Strategy six key strategic imperatives and their complementary core capabilities:
151
152 • Imperative: Limit regional conflict with forward-deployed, decisive maritime power.
153 Where conflict threatens the global system and our national interests, our maritime forces will be
154 ready to respond alongside other elements of national and multinational power, to provide political
155 leadership with a range of options. Deployed naval forces operating forward enable familiarity with
156 the environment and regional actors. Where and when applicable, forward-deployed maritime forces
157 will isolate, capture, or destroy terrorists, their infrastructure, resources and sanctuaries, preferably in
158 conjunction with coalition partners. Networked naval forces will be able to aggregate for potential
159 major conflict or disaggregate for maritime security operations globally. Enhanced interoperability
160 with nation partners will enable the Global Maritime Partnership effectively increasing US and
161 partner nation presence and influence. Exploiting cyberspace will enable the Navy and Marine Corps
162 to optimize their forward presence, maintain maritime domain awareness, and connectivity over a
163 broader geographic area, offering economy of force, while supporting critical missions.
164
165 • Imperative: Deter major power war.
166 Preventing wars is as important as winning them. The expeditionary character of maritime forces–
167 our lethality, global reach, speed, endurance, ability to overcome barriers to access, and the ability to
168 quickly aggregate and disaggregate networked naval forces–provide the joint commander with a
169 range of deterrent options. Our advantage in space-based assets–upon which much of our ability to
170 operate in a networked, dispersed fashion depends–must be protected and extended. Cyberspace
171 offensive and defensive capabilities also provide joint commanders with new nonkinetic deterrence
172 options. The Commander armed with the power of effectively networked information sources
173 maintains a distinct tactical edge over his adversary to assess situations, rapidly determine threat, and
174 act decisively to carry the day.
175
176 • Imperative: Win our nation’s wars.
177 The ability to operate freely at sea is one of the most important enablers of joint and interagency
178 operations. The net-centric nature of FORCEnet provides maritime domain awareness that gives
179 commanders the information dominance and decision superiority needed to exercise sea control
180 across the sea and cyberspace global commons, ensuring freedom of action in both domains. Sea
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181 control must expand to include “sea-based cyber control,” protecting national interests and
182 projecting power across the cyber lines of communication, including undersea cables, the maritime
183 electromagnetic spectrum, and low-earth orbiting satellites. Sea-based cyber control must also
184 support distributed maritime operations, monitored in globally netted, cyber-empowered Maritime
185 Operations Centers (MOC), tracking every ship with the same persistence and fidelity as aircraft are
186 tracked today.
187
188 • Imperative: Contribute to homeland defense in depth.
189 The layered, in-depth defense provided by our maritime forces are defending the homeland by
190 identifying and eliminating threats as far from American shores as possible. Our efforts to enhance
191 Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) and improve C4I interoperability are contributing to the
192 safety, security, and economy of our nation and its partners. Naval forces have a unique role in a
193 world of pervasive networks and cyber-battlefields. In open networks, the Navy’s forward presence
194 offers capabilities in a world where milliseconds matter. In regional wireless environments, or
195 against physically closed, stand-alone networks, the Navy brings a unique capability to gain access
196 to otherwise closed and inaccessible networks within the last tactical mile. The Navy must leverage
197 its forward presence to project cyber power and put information on target with the same skill and
198 precision that it has long projected kinetic power.
199
200 • Imperative: Foster and sustain cooperative relationships with more international partners.
201 Cooperative relationships contribute to the security and stability of the maritime domain for the
202 benefit of all. The pervasive presence of global networks provides an opportunity for maritime
203 forces to share information among allied maritime nations across geographic boundaries to mitigate
204 threats short of war, including piracy, terrorism, weapons proliferation, drug trafficking, and other
205 illicit activities. Maritime security is greatly enhanced when systems and networks are linked to
206 promote openness and collaboration among those who are affected by irregular and transnational
207 threats. Our maritime forces will help build relationships through increased emphasis on
208 humanitarian assistance and by cooperating with international partners who desire to contribute to
209 the safety and security of shipping and commerce across the global commons.
210
211 • Imperative: Prevent or contain local disruptions before they impact the global system.
212 The expeditionary character of maritime forces uniquely positions them to provide assistance. Our
213 ability to conduct rapid and sustained noncombatant evacuation and humanitarian assistance
214 operations is critical to relieving the plight of our citizens and others when their safety is in jeopardy.
215 The power of networks and information sharing will serve to enhance understanding of where needs
216 are greatest following a disaster, speed the delivery of services to the affected areas, and provide
217 improved methods to monitor recovery actions over time.
218 NNFE: First in Decision Superiority

219 Tailored to exact decision superiority in a world of increasing complexity, today’s NNFE is strongly
220 poised to evolve naval cyber forces into a 21st-century world that requires new capabilities, capacities,
221 and competencies to protect US and allied interests in a cyber-centric world. The Navy and Marine
222 Corps–increasingly working closely with the Coast Guard–will be required to accomplish an ever-
223 increasing range of missions dependent upon secure, collaborative networking across military, civilian,
224 domestic, and international boundaries. The NNFE will play a major role in these missions by providing
225 commanders with the C2, NCO, and BA capabilities to make better, timelier decisions to ensure
226 effective execution. Operating at the nexus of seapower and cyberpower, the NNFE is leading naval
5
227 forces into the 21st century as informed ambassadors and effective warriors, serving our nation’s
228 interests and facilitating free global interaction from the sea.
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CURRENT CAPABILITY: TODAY’S NAVY & MARINE CORPS 7
229 The current capability of the US naval forces is unmatched in the global naval hierarchy. The Navy and
230 Marine Corps are exercising this capability daily—fulfilling heavy operational demands and completing
231 long deployments. Structured to provide forward-thinking strategy and technical leadership in today’s
232 complex, resource-scarce landscape, the Naval NETWAR FORCEnet Enterprise (NNFE) brings
233 together the Navy and Marine Corps C4I, Information Operations (IO), and Information Technology
234 (IT) communities in support of those operations. This is not just a group of acquisition professionals
235 acquiring things for our deployed forces; the NNFE is engaged in the battle today. The NNFE
236 C4ISR/IO/IT professionals are actively provisioning sensor inputs to commanders in the field; operating
237 unique equipment with deployed forces; and creating, operating, and defending our global electronic
238 presence. In the paragraphs that follow, you will see examples of how the NNFE is not only contributing
239 to but also participating in every aspect of Navy and Marine Corps missions today. NNFE funding not
240 only supports acquiring new capabilities and bringing technology to new programs, but also represents a
241 substantial investment in actually operating the force. Answering Secretary of Defense Robert Gates
242 call, the NNFE is providing for and participating in our current war fighting efforts.
243
244 For ease of reading, the phrase “C4ISR professionals” (Command, Control, Communications,
245 Computers, and Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance) will be used throughout this section to
246 refer to the collective body of professionals drawn from NNFE organizational elements, and in both the
247 Navy and Marine Corps. These C4I, IO, and IT professionals are in the field, at the command centers
248 and operational facilities, and throughout the shore infrastructure supporting both deployed and
249 Continental United States (CONUS)-based operations today.
250 OVERSEAS OPERATIONS

251 C4ISR professionals are participating in all aspects of current operations. They are supplying tools to
252 mobile forces, providing connectivity and reach-back, delivering sensors, and inserting special teams to
253 meet specific operational needs.
254 Marines Networking on the Move

255 Forward-deployed mobile warriors are using NNFE C4I tools to conduct effective, targeted major
256 combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. These tools continue to play major roles in achieving
257 success on the battlefield. A case in point is once-violent Ramadi, formerly one of the most dangerous
258 Al Qaeda strongholds in the Iraq provincial capital of Al Anbar Province and southwest point of the
259 “Sunni Triangle.” Battle-tested C4I is evolving as a force multiplier in maintaining stability in Ramadi.
260 Successful counterinsurgency efforts by Marines and Soldiers have involved pacifying areas in enemy
261 territory through small forward-deployed garrisons with interlocking communications fortified by
262 sensor-driven intelligence. Short-range patrols from garrisons gather information and engage the enemy;
263 such patrols mean less time on roads, which avoid road- and vehicle-based Improvised Explosive
264 Devices (IEDS) that inflict casualties and damage, with the potential for greatly restricting movement.
265 Joint and Iraqi forces have built networks of indigenous people familiar with the terrain and regional
266 culture, allowing more direct contact between the military force leader and the local leadership.
267
268 These relationships would not be possible without the extension of C4I network connectivity down to
269 company level and below. Today’s Marine platoons utilize streaming full-motion video of Intelligence,
270 Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) feeds and voice over IP telephony (VoIP) often down to platoon
271 level, a capability available today that was only accessible at the division level in the early days of the
272 Iraq War in 2003. Marine Corps Systems Command (MARCORSYSCOM) is using new applications
273 such as biometrics–automated methods of recognizing a person based on physiological or behavioral
274 characteristics–that have moved directly to the warfighter, resulting in denying insurgents anonymity
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275 and ability to communicate as “signalers,” leaders who command armed fighters with hand and arm
276 gestures.
277
278 Improved connectivity has placed greater demand for more bandwidth, particularly for Beyond Line of
279 Sight (BLOS) links. Marine Corps C4 efforts are currently expanding bandwidth capacity for Marines
280 on the edge of the battlefield via increased civilian C4I personnel support, training, and deployment of
281 commercial satellite communications terminals for orbital links. According to USMC Major General (s)
282 George J. Allen, Director of Marine Corps C4, “Marine C4I requires a robust, rapidly fielded highly
283 mobile IP networking capability adapted to the swift force movement characteristic of modern combat.”
284 New C4I Front-Line Technologies

285 As the tempo of front-line operations increases, MARCORSYSCOM is rapidly fielding advanced
286 technology into the field to meet warfighter demands, improve capability, and achieve results. The 155-
287 millimeter infrared (IR) illuminating projectile, when launched, casts IR illumination over the battlefield
288 that exposes enemy forces to US forces using night-vision equipment, improving battlespace awareness
289 for more effective engagement. Another valuable tool for Marines is the Improved Thermal Sight
290 System for light armored vehicle (LAVs). “This second-generation thermal site provides clearer images,
291 increased detection range and sensitivity, and boosts target effectiveness,” states Brigadier General
292 Michael Brogan, Commander of MARCORSYSCOM. Further, NNFE technologies are enabling
293 reconnaissance battalions to improve tactical understanding of operational zones through geolocation
294 photography. Photos taken on the battlefield are automatically tagged and loaded with GPS-embedded
295 coordinates and then logged into digital tactical maps. This powerful capability gives commanders the
296 ability to “point and click” operational data such as photos, text, video, and audio reports that link back
297 to a specific area on the map for analysis and planning. Newly added fine-tuning capabilities such as a
298 laser range finder, digital compass, and azimuth feature indicate relative range of objects further away
299 from the camera for improved strike capability. C4I investments are improving operational capabilities
300 for today’s conflicts.
301 MRAP C4I Integration

302 SPAWAR Systems Center Atlantic (SSC LANT) is leading the charge protecting warfighters through
303 state-of-the-art C4ISR technology integration into multiplatform Mine-Resistant Ambush-Protected
304 (MRAP) vehicles. Improved battlefield intelligence generated and shared directly by the troops in the
305 field are helping MRAP crews better understand the “who, what, and when” of threats.
306
307 Responding to the Chief of Naval Operations’ (CNO) call to bring “game-changing ideas” to the Fleet,
308 the MRAP C4I Integration Team, in partnership with project lead MARCORSYSCOM, speedily ramped
309 up C4ISR suite integration into more than 60 MRAP vehicles per day. The electronics suites provided
310 enhance intelligence and communications capabilities in a heavy electronics countermeasures
311 environment.
312
313 MRAPs support counterinsurgency operations, multimission operations (convoy lead, troop transport,
314 and ambulance), mine and IED clearance operations, and explosive ordnance disposal. The Marine
315 Corps Warfighting Lab and the Joint IED Defeat Organization continue to develop and field
316 technologies that either prevent IEDs from detonating (jammers) or cause them to detonate well in front
317 of the vehicle (mine roller). In addition to the modified vehicles' V-shaped hulls that deflect blasts and
318 shrapnel to provide more effective protection for service members inside, C4I suites that include radios,
319 electronic warfare devices such as advanced IED jamming capability, sensors, intravehicle C2 systems,
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320 and other classified equipment are saving the lives of Marines and Soldiers everyday in Iraq and
321 Afghanistan.
322
323 The goal is to continue protecting warfighters from deadly IED threats, which are still the number-one
324 hazard and projected danger to ground forces for years to come. This critical, DoD-designated number-
325 one program of record became the largest and fastest military acquisition buildup since WW II. Less
326 than 18 months after the project launched in February 2007, more than 10,000 fully outfitted vehicles
327 have been delivered in theater thanks to a coordinated Continuous Process Improvement (CPI)/Lean Six
328 Sigma (LSS) effort—a disciplined process improvement methodology that utilizes resources efficiently,
329 saves costs, and increases readiness. According to BGen Brogan, "The many successes of the joint
330 MRAP vehicle program are the result of an overwhelming team effort by many players.” Secretary of
331 Defense Robert Gates stated: “This is a significant achievement. The program has gone from zero to
332 10,000 in just about a year and a half. These vehicles have proven themselves on the battlefield and are
333 saving lives.”
334 ISR: Sensors

335 While C2 applications, communications devices, and computers used by front-line warfighters garner
336 much attention, those systems would be useless without sensor input. Everyone from Marines in the
337 field to Combatant Commanders (COCOMs) with global responsibilities count on sensor information
338 delivered when needed. The largest expansion in this field has been in the equipping and utilization of
339 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), important ISR assets for naval and joint forces. Cameras on the
340 aircraft help commanders on the ground see and map out a wide area of operations with their "persistent
341 surveillance" capability. Capable of flying in poor weather coupled with continued insertion of new
342 technologies, and proven in real-world operations, the UAVs are rapidly evolving into powerfully
343 networked game-changing ISR platforms. The C4ISR professionals outfitting and operating these
344 systems are making a difference on today’s battlefields.
345 • Scan Eagle

346 ScanEagle is a small tactical UAV sensor equipped with sensors for day and night detection of
347 stationary or moving targets. Widely deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan, the UAV is capable of launching
348 from ships and is equipped with a repeater for the Automatic Identification System (AIS) that transmits
349 information on identity, course, speed, and other data on large ships back to the launching ship.
350 ScanEagle played a key ISR role in the April 12, 2009 rescue of Captain Richard Phillips of the Maersk
351 Alabama who was captured by four Somali pirates and held in a 28-foot lifeboat. ScanEagle, catapulted
352 off the USS Bainbridge (DDG 96), detected the lifeboat in the Indian Ocean and tracked its activities,
353 sending electro-optical (EO) and IR still and video feeds to the Bainbridge. ScanEagle provided the
354 Navy with critical data and improved its situational awareness during the tense standoff, which
355 culminated in Navy Sea Air and Land (SEAL) sharpshooters ending the incident April 12, killing three
356 pirates, taking a fourth into Navy custody, and whisking Captain Phillips safely aboard the Bainbridge.
357
358 • Raven B
359 The Raven is a 4.2-pound, backpack-able, quiet, hand-launched sensor platform that provides day and
360 night, real-time video imagery for “over the hill” and “around the corner” ISR and target acquisition.
361 Raven Bs are giving Marines a longer, more detailed look “over the hill” for route planning in
362 obstructed terrain like a city block in Iraq or Afghanistan’s hills and mountains. Human Factors
363 engineering made it is so simple to operate that one of the best pilots in the Iraqi theater was a cook.
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364 • Shadow
365 The Shadow is an unarmed tactical reconnaissance UAV currently in active service with the US Army
366 and Marine Corps in Iraq and Afghanistan.
367 • GBOSS
368 The Marine Corps Combat Development Command (MCCDC) is fielding the Ground Based
369 Operational Surveillance System (GBOSS) multiple camera continuous surveillance system. The
370 GBOSS allows the user to identify a civilian, terrorist, insurgent, or criminal and the type of weapon
371 carried. Enemy snipers have fewer opportunities to sneak up on Marines or plant roadside bombs.
372 Patrols are more effective in surveillance, gathering intelligence, and can patrol less, thus saving lives.
373 Footage of insurgents’ actions can be used immediately or later, allowing Marines to not only identify
374 threats, but also plan tactics for offensives. ‘‘It is really easy to use,” said Sgt. Joshua Carter, instructor
375 at the Field Artillery Meteorological Crewmembers Course at Fort Sill, OK. Carter learned how to use
376 GBOSS in just a few hours. ‘‘It is definitely a way to identify someone wicked fast and kill the bad guy
377 before he kills us. They will never know when or where we are watching.”
378 • Undersea Sensors

379 Mapping the sea floor and its associated environs requires sensors that move in another medium. Many
380 undersea sensor systems exist, and the bulk of the discussion about coverage or capability quickly
381 moves beyond classification levels appropriate for this publication. C4ISR professionals continue to
382 support this work and are conducting sensor operations today. SSC PAC is exploring and supporting a
383 number of undersea applications for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUV) and undersea glider
384 technology. The Ocean Bottom Characterization Initiative (OBCI) is characterizing the seafloor
385 (acoustic bottom loss, scattering strength, and bottom layers) using passive acoustic sensors deployed on
386 Autonomous Underwater Gliding Vehicles (AUGVs). This effort will transfer into the Littoral Battle
387 Space Sensor Fusion and Integration (LBSF&I) Program as part of Program Objective Memorandum
388 (POM) 12.
389 Mobile Operations Control Center (MOCC)

390 NNFE onboard imaging and electronic system technologies aboard Navy P-3 Orion surveillance aircraft
391 play major roles locating and hunting down enemy fighters in remote mountain locations in
392 Afghanistan. Flying missions over more than 650,000 square miles of Afghan terrain, the P-3s are
393 supported by critical sea-to-air-to-ground communications in far-flung operations by a small group of
394 ground-based allies: the MOCCs. These expeditionary communications providers are currently deployed
395 in support of Overseas Contingency Operations in various locations throughout the Middle East,
396 Republic of the Philippines, and the Horn of Africa. Comprising small, specialized self-sufficient
397 detachments (six to twelve Sailors) available on short notice, MOCCs quickly transmit ISR data from
398 the P-3s (e.g., bomb damage assessments and locations of enemy troops–even in moving vehicles) to
399 military commanders for timely action from nearby ground troops. MOCCs deployed in Afghanistan are
400 making vital contributions to tactical mission planning; intelligence collection; and mission brief
401 preparation supporting naval and joint commanders. MOCCs also support humanitarian relief
402 operations, such as Hurricane Katrina.
403
404 MOCCs are one of three programs supported by the Tactical/Mobile (TacMobile) Program of Record
405 (POR). Two other systems are Tactical Support Centers (TSC), which also provide operational ground
406 support for Maritime Patrol and Reconnaissance Aircraft, and the Joint Mobile Ashore Support Terminal
407 (JMAST) that provide C4I support to naval CCs ashore.
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408 Information Operations (IO) Provider

409 Sensors coupled with operators in an operational theater create a network to share and use the
410 information they need to be successful. The increasing use of networked computers and supporting IT
411 infrastructure systems by military and civilian organizations is creating a new vulnerabilities and
412 opportunities for US forces. These vulnerabilities and opportunities create a field of military operations
413 focused on attacking/defending information systems, their outputs, and their users—IO. The NNFE is
414 strengthening capability in IO. According to NNFE CFO Vice Admiral Harry B. Harris, Jr., Deputy
415 Chief of Naval Operations for Communication Networks (DCNO OPNAV N6), “the focus is on three
416 different areas. First, we are working hard to bring high IO capabilities to the warfighter in cyberspace
417 to achieve decision superiority. The IO mission area comprising Computer Network Operations (CNO)
418 and Computer Network Defense (CND) is essential to protecting Navy networks and operating
419 establishments. Secondly, our IO portfolio must provide asymmetric capabilities to meet maritime
420 challenges. We are developing strong ties to Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD), antisubmarine warfare
421 (ASW), and irregular warfare programs. We need to be able to meet adversaries with asymmetric
422 capabilities, including electronic warfare and CNO.”
423
424 IO is not conducted solely from air-conditioned computer operations centers. NETWARCOM maintains
425 a boots-on-ground forward presence by deploying hundreds of Individual Augmentee (IA) personnel to
426 Iraq, Afghanistan, and other locations to perform CNO, signals intelligence (SIGINT), cryptology, and
427 IO today. Information Warfare Officers (IWO), Information System Technicians (IT), and Cryptologic
428 Technicians (CT) are in the field working closely with joint and multinational forces in a wide variety of
429 special missions:
430 • Tactical Cryptologic Support (TCS) Teams

431 TCS personnel fully integrate with Naval Special Warfare (NSW) teams, providing SIGINT
432 support for force protection, indications, warning of enemy activity, and direct action/special
433 reconnaissance missions. These Sailors are on the ground with Special Forces, taking the fight to
434 the enemy. The unique skills and capabilities they bring to the fight are critically important to
435 operational success—their impact is significant and often immediate. Feedback following a
436 mission is quickly routed throughout a tight supporting joint network of collectors, analysts, and
437 team members. Analysts and combat forces add newly derived information to target databases
438 for immediate access. When an insurgent is taken off the streets everyone knows it, and further
439 exploitation yields even more data to all involved in the hunt.
440 • Joint Expeditionary SIGINT Terminal Response Unit (JESTR)

441 NETWARCOM Sailors embedded with US Army units are working the streets side-by-side with
442 Soldiers identifying, locating, and engaging insurgents. Like their counterparts in the TCS teams,
443 they play an integral role in operations.
444 • Combined Explosives Exploitation Cell (CEXC)

445 CEXCs comprise military, scientific, and law enforcement teams that perform IED forensics and
446 gather intelligence, often under severe time-constraints, to stay ahead of technological advances
447 employed by insurgent bomb makers. The Navy is fielding teams focused on improving long-
448 term capabilities to understand, evaluate, and defeat asymmetric kinetic attacks—physical
449 surprise attacks by a weak adversary upon a stronger enemy’s perceived weakness. Investments
450 in effectively employing specialized personnel with the knowledge, skills, experience, and
451 materiel to neutralize and defeat such attacks are necessary to defend US and allied interests.
11
452 Highly trained CEXCs such as Canadian Navy diver Lt. Cdr. Roland Leyte, work in the battle-
453 scared terrain of southern Afghanistan gathering bomb-scene data for incorporation into the
454 massive database at Bagram Air Base north of Kabul for further study. According to Leyte, “In
455 Afghanistan, because it's a war zone, we only get 30 to 90 minutes to get all our forensics and get
456 on the helicopter again.” Leyte’s evidence is helping locate and root out Al Qaeda or Taliban
457 insurgent networks, saving lives and preventing future attacks. Perhaps a CEXC collecting
458 fingerprint or DNA information today will prevent a NATO coalition base from infiltration by a
459 terrorist posing as a local worker in the future.
460
461 These joint, allied, coalition forces, and nongovernmental organizations are playing critical roles in
462 today’s operational successes.
463 Tactical Communications

464 To support forces in the field and afloat, the Navy has fielded numerous systems and capabilities to
465 enhance communications, data reach-back, and mobile C2 capabilities. Existing on amphibious ships,
466 aviation platforms and aircraft, and submarines and ashore, the support provided by C4ISR professionals
467 at work today facilitates and enhances the operational capabilities of our entire force.
468 Blue in Support of Green

469 The Navy supports the Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF) commander “Blue In Support of
470 Green” (BISOG) by providing two channels of High Frequency Shipboard Automatic Link
471 Establishment (ALE) Radio (HFSAR) capability on amphibious ships that provide continuous Line of
472 Sight (LOS) and BLOS communication links for both voice and data to Marines ashore in Afghanistan
473 and Iraq.
474 Enhanced Manpack UHF Terminal (EMUT)

475 The EMUT antenna, also known as the Conical Logarithmic Spiral Mobile (CLSM), is an
476 omnidirectional antenna designed to provide over-the-horizon tactical satellite voice and data
477 communications in the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) frequency band. It is currently being used in
478 current operations, Humanitarian Civil Assistance (HCA), and the war on piracy. EMUT provides a
479 capability independent of shipboard radio, antenna, and crypto availability, and is used by Marine
480 Reconnaissance and Humanitarian Missions to relay target imagery and other valuable data back to the
481 Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) commander. By permanently installing EMUT antennas vice
482 temporary installations on/off amphibious platforms, the Navy/Marine Corps team will save
483 approximately $1M a year. Permanent installations have begun with the first install on USS Nassau
484 (LHA 4) and 10 more in fiscal year 2009.
485 Commercial Broadband Satellite Program (CBSP)

486 Since last fall, warfighters on board the mine countermeasure ship USS Champion (MCM 4) and patrol
487 craft USS Hurricane (PC 3) have begun to operate with improved communications capability and
488 performance, thanks to new technology executed by Program Executive Office for Command, Control,
489 Communications, Computers, and Intelligence (PEO C4I) under CBSP, the next-generation Navy
490 Commercial Satellite Communications (COMSATCOM) Program. As the Navy adopts more computer-
491 based applications, communications, and networking, CBSP has brought the once bandwidth-deprived
492 Patrol Coastal community into the information age. According to LT Kathryn Devine, CO, USS Chinook
493 (PC 9) CBSP capability allows smooth communications in near real-time between ship and the
494 maintenance team on shore. “Enhanced connectivity on classified network and CENTRIXS has
495 provided some additional key communication paths to our operational commander via chat servers.”
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496
497 CBSP allows Sailors and Marines to take required online courses, check email, connect with their
498 families, surf the web, and access personnel files at about the same speed as a home broadband
499 connection. Operational information on SIPRnet is now available to even our smallest platforms. For
500 LCDR John Callaway, CO of the minesweeper Champion, “It’s the first time I have been able to surf the
501 SIPRnet while at sea.”
502 Communications at Speed and Depth (CSD)

503 The NNFE’s multifaceted contribution to winning our nation’s wars is impressive and wide-ranging,
504 extending into the realm of undersea communications. Current spending on the CSD Program, directed
505 by Program Executive Office for Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence
506 (PEO C4I) Submarine Integration Program Office, is essential to the Navy’s undersea communications
507 network. Operational tests performed with the USS Harry S. Truman Carrier Strike Group (CSG)
508 successfully confirmed two-way connectivity that allows full submarine integration into strike group
509 operations and permits Navy networks to share situational awareness, conduct collaborative planning,
510 and execute joint force missions. The CSD Program provides communications for all nuclear-attack
511 (SSN) and nuclear-powered guided-missile (SSGN) Ohio-class submarines, as well as limited capability
512 to Ohio-class ballistic missile submarines (SSBN).
513
514 USS Georgia (SSGN 429) deployed in spring, 2009 is the fourth and newest boat of the newly
515 configured SSGN class to join the fight. A critical component of Navy core capabilities of power
516 projection and deterrence, the SSGNs can carry up to 154 Tomahawk cruise missiles for precision
517 strikes. Rotating crews provide extended presence in theater. Additionally, as many as 66 Special
518 Operations Forces (SOF) such as Navy SEALS can be delivered, as the boat quietly and covertly
519 operates in undisclosed areas of the world, providing theater commanders with a highly capable strike
520 asset and a stealthy launching platform for irregular warfare operations.
521 Common Submarine Radio Room (CSRR)

522 As one of the first stealth platforms, submarines are very aware of the impact of intercepted electronic
523 emissions. NNFE technology has made it possible for a vessel to transfer to radio silence with the click
524 of a mouse, thanks to the Common Submarine Radio Room (CSRR), a network-based communications
525 architecture that supplies high-bandwidth, interoperable communications common across all submarine
526 classes and between onboard subsystems, external platforms, and land-based communications facilities.
527 The CSRR modification onboard SSGNs consists of a second Extremely High Frequency (EHF)
528 Follow-On Terminal (FOT) and submarine High Data Rate (HDR) antenna that provides additional
529 high-bandwidth communications that support SOF mission planning as well as their associated control
530 systems. Additionally, an incorporated second Digital Modular Radio (DMR) supports strike and SOF
531 missions. The CSRR structure provided by the NNFE allows the most recent capabilities available to
532 easily and efficiently be integrated into operational systems on an ongoing basis.
533 SubNet Relay (SNR) and High-Frequency Internet Protocol (HFIP)

534 Sharing computer-based information has often required special equipment. C4ISR professionals have
535 designed systems where that is no longer the case thereby allowing units without the most recent
536 equipment to join the information age. SNR and HFIP transport IP data traffic using existing
537 communications architecture and legacy shipboard radio and cryptographic equipment. The system has
538 been employed by the USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN 71) CSG, embarked weather airborne early
539 warning aircraft squadron (VAW) 124, Harry S. Truman CSG employing ship-to-ship connections, and
540 USS Montpelier (SSN 765) using submarine-to-ship connections.
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541 Coalition Partners

542 Today, our forces do not operate alone. Fostering and sustaining cooperative relationships with
543 international partners is a key component of our Maritime Strategy. Operational interaction in any
544 theater now involves many nations—the ability to interact with coalition forces from both traditional
545 (NATO, Allies) and nontraditional (USSR, Chinese, and Indian forces engaged in antipiracy) national
546 partners is critical to operational success. Additionally, naval forces are engaged in building partnerships
547 around the world.
548
549 • Africa Partnership Station (APS) collaboratively provides regional maritime services in order to
550 achieve common international goals, primarily stability and security, to combat terrorism and
551 piracy
552
553 • US Naval Forces Southern Command’s (NAVSO) Southern Partnership Station (SPS) provides a
554 variety of training to strengthen leadership, security, search and rescue planning, combat patrol,
555 and urban raid tactics in the Southern Hemisphere
556
557 • Pacific Partnership (PP), born out of the US response to the December 2004 tsunami in Southeast
558 Asia, provides a dedicated humanitarian and civic assistance mission each year since 2006
559 comprising medical, dental, and engineering civic action programs
560
561 • Continuing Promise (CP), similar to PP, is a dedicated civic and humanitarian relief effort with
562 partner nations and foreign military personnel deployed aboard US Navy hospital ships and other
563 platforms
564
565 C4ISR professionals are providing equipment and capability through Foreign Military Sales (FMS),
566 section 1206 COCOM funding, and other current investment and sharing venues designed to enhance
567 operations with our coalition partners.
568 MDA and Defense in Depth

569 Working with allies, the layered, in-depth defense provided by our maritime forces helps recognize and
570 eliminate threats to the US as far from the American shoreline as possible. Team SPAWAR has been
571 integral to the rapid, successful deployment of the Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) Program. MDA
572 crosses several user communities and affects the work of not only the Navy, but also the Coast Guard,
573 COCOMs, and interagency task forces in their ongoing effort to keep maritime trade safe and
574 prosperous. Information exchange was demonstrated using some early pilots with service-oriented
575 architecture (SOA) in an initiative called the Maritime Domain Awareness Data Sharing Community of
576 Interest, which contributed significantly to the MDA focus on enhanced vessel tracking, anomaly and
577 threat detection, and getting information to the Sailors, Marines, and Coast Guardsmen who are at the tip
578 of the spear boarding vessels. These successful initial tests established an MDA project office in PEO
579 C4I that works directly with the Secretary of the Navy (SECNAV) in expanding the effort across the US
580 Central Command (CENTCOM) and US Pacific Command (PACOM) Areas of Responsibility (AOR),
581 as well as several interagency partners. Those capabilities are in place today and growing in the future—
582 there are both operational and acquisition activities that require continued support.
583 CENTRIXS Building Partnerships

584 Recently, 24 nations participated in the Second Annual Maritime Security Conference held in Sorrento,
585 Italy. The conference focused on strengthening global maritime partnerships, improving collective
586 capabilities, and information sharing. It is in this realm, information sharing for enhanced
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587 interoperability, where NNFE programs like the Combined Enterprise Regional Information Exchange
588 System (CENTRIXS) were designed. CENTRIXS allows combined forces to communicate through
589 secure channels and share information in a tactical, real-time setting. US and Malaysian forces
590 successfully employed the system during a Cooperative Afloat Readiness and Training (CARAT)
591 exercise, where the two nations conducted ship-to-ship operational dialog in both text and web-based
592 formats. RADM William Burke, executive agent of CARAT remarked, “with CENTRIXS installed in
593 the exercise HQ onboard Royal Malaysian Navy ships, and throughout the US CARAT Task Group, we
594 have an opportunity to reach new heights in combined C2.” LCDR Chandra Sehgaran, Royal Malaysian
595 Navy, opined that “By using CENTRIXS, the communication process with the various forces and
596 CARAT HQ runs smoothly and confusion is eliminated.” Global interoperability, reliability, and
597 interconnectivity in an easy-to-use format are what make CENTRIXS so valuable in building maritime
598 partnerships. CENTRIXS is fielded and currently operating in multiple theaters today.
599 Fleet Operations – Space

600 Most of the aforementioned material in this section has been local in nature: technology and expertise
601 provided to platforms or deployed to a specific area. To operate globally, the local systems fielded must
602 tie into our global Space systems infrastructure. Space-based systems are so widely needed and used that
603 they have become utility-like in their acceptance. We have come to view our space-based capabilities as
604 we do electricity—throw the switch and it’s there. As with any utility, there is a large and complex
605 infrastructure needed to provide such ubiquitous service.
606 Ultimate High Ground

607 The warfighter depends upon narrowband communications that provide assured, flexible, on-the-move
608 C2, allowing for shared situational awareness, real-time intelligence, sensor-to-shooter capabilities, and
609 collaborative, offensive-oriented planning worldwide. These communications are realized through the
610 right mix of military and commercial satellite communications (SATCOM), providing interoperability
611 with all military, government, nongovernment, coalition, and allied forces. Navy Space Systems are an
612 important component of the NNFE, which collectively enhance the delivery of network-centric
613 operations to the Fleet and joint warfighter. Today’s Navy Space Systems comprise a critical C4ISR
614 system network providing essential support to all forces deployed in both Iraq and Afghanistan, the
615 MDA effort, and Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief operations worldwide.
616
617 The Navy has responsibility for developing and deploying flexible, seamless narrowband
618 communication space systems that optimize naval, joint, allied, and coalition operations. Currently, the
619 UHF Follow-On (UFO) constellation (eight satellites) and commercially leased satellites supply
620 narrowband communications that provide on-orbit worldwide coverage to the warfighter. Seven
621 satellites are currently flying with 38-channel capability. The last satellite launched, UFO-11, is
622 equipped with the most sophisticated digital signal processor in the constellation. Recently reconfigured
623 from 44 to 54 channels at no additional cost, UFO-11 has begun Digital Receiver Unit (DRU) operations
624 that provide today’s warfighters with 30% more communications capability, as naval forces continue
625 their transition to a more network-connected force.
15
626 PEO Space Systems implements DoD and Navy narrowband guidance, interacts with various
627 stakeholders, and provides worldwide coverage to the warfighter: at home, in theater, and enroute to all
628 AOR. Intersystem connectivity allows the network to serve ships at sea and a variety of other fixed and
629 mobile terminals.
630 Space-Enabled Net-Centric Operations

631 A combination of national, joint, and commercial space systems serves as critical links in the Navy kill
632 chain, providing commanders with access to a wealth of information that contributes to total BA and
633 improved C2 application within the operational environment. Current space systems are providing naval
634 forces–such as Joint Task Force Commanders–with the following capabilities:
635
636 • Global Positioning: Aids in navigation, targeting, and operational timing
637 • Reconnaissance: Provides early warning capabilities, BA, targeting, and battle damage
638 information
639 • Communications: Enables UHF, Extremely High Frequency (EHF), Large Deployable
640 Reflector/Medium Data Rate (LDR/MDR), Global Broadcast System (GBS), commercial
641 wideband, TV Direct, Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System (JWICS), Personal
642 Communications/Mobile Satellite Services (PC-MSS), and International Satellite (INMARSAT)
643 communications
644 • Environmental: Provides key information that enables theater battlespace characterization,
645 weather prediction, and navigational safety
646
647 US Strategic Command, PEO Space Systems, SPAWAR Space Field Activity (SSFA), and the Naval
648 Satellite Operations Command continue to explore expansion of current capabilities available to support
649 the warfighter and evolve future narrowband capabilities via the “ultimate high ground.” In addition,
650 NETWARCOM continues to lead the execution of FORCEnet and optimize employment of IO,
651 SIGINT, and Space Capabilities across the NNFE.
652 SUPPORTING FLEET OPERATIONS

653 Facilities
654 The Navy has a long history of operating and maintaining communications stations dating back to 1915,
655 when the first a high-powered long-distance radio station was built at Pearl Harbor. As with space
656 systems, a large and complex shore infrastructure, enhanced with Radio Frequency (RF) connectivity,
657 provides ubiquitous service that enables today’s global operations. Today’s IO environment ranges from
658 operating enhanced access controls to ensuring high-precedence communications remain uninterrupted
659 and secure.
660 NCTAMS
661 There are two Naval Computer and Telecommunications Area Master Stations (NCTAMS), which serve
662 as the communications hubs for the Navy’s shore interface to the shipboard environment. One is
663 NCTAMS Pacific (PAC) in Wahiawa, HI; and the other is NCTAMS Atlantic (LANT), in Norfolk, VA.
664 Both NCTAMS manage, operate, and maintain defense communication system and naval
665 telecommunication system assets to all naval Telecommunication System users, providing naval forces
666 with critical C2 and global situational awareness.
16
667 NCTS
668 The Naval Computer and Telecommunications Stations (NCTS) provide secure, reliable, and timely
669 voice, video, and data services to the Navy’s afloat platforms and shore commands. The NCTS platform
670 has similar capabilities to the NCTAMS, but on a smaller scale. Today, there are 10 NCTSs located
671 across the world that support regionally deployed forces with network and communications services.
672 NCTS sites with larger subset of the capabilities include NCTS San Diego, NCTS Jacksonville, and
673 NCTS Yokosuka. NCTS Bahrain and NCTS Naples offer more consolidated capability. NCTSs increase
674 SA and improve network management throughout the Navy’s shore infrastructure.
675 SOCs
676 The Naval Satellite Operations Center (NAVSOC) operates satellite and remote ground facilities in
677 Point Magu, CA; Prospect Harbor, ME; Schriever AFB, CO; and Finegayan, GU to provide satellite
678 capability when and where needed in direct support of the warfighter. The Navy is responsible for
679 operation of DoD UHF narrowband satellite systems, the military’s “communication warhorse” upon
680 which all US military forces and many of their allies rely. UHF narrowband is the only radio frequency
681 that can penetrate jungle foliage, inclement weather, and urban terrain. The majority of military
682 SATCOM users are warfighters supported via the UHF band on small, portable configurations designed
683 to be carried deep into theaters of operation.
684 NOCs
685 The Navy's ships connect to Fleet Network Operating Centers (FNOC or NOC), an interface that
686 provides computer network and Internet services to the Navy/Marine Corps Intranet (NMCI) and the
687 Outside Contiguous United States (OCONUS) Naval Enterprise Network (ONE-NET) through a point
688 of presence connection to the DoD’s Defense Information Services Network (DISN), the worldwide
689 enterprise-level telecommunications infrastructure that provides end-to-end information transfer for
690 supporting military operations.
691 NCDOC
692 As the Navy’s CND Service Provider, the Navy Cyber Defense Operations Command (NCDOC) based
693 in Norfolk, VA has responsibility for the defense-in-depth CND mission across all Navy networks—
694 afloat, ONE-Net, and NMCI as assigned by NETWARCOM. NCDOCS current capability encompasses
695 CND over 700,000 centrally managed network seats, 550,000 unclassified seats; and 158,000 classified
696 seats. Last year NCDOC became the first CND Service Provider (CNDSP) in the DoD to be recognized
697 with a top-level accreditation awarded by STRATCOM.
698 MCNOSC
699 The Marine Corps Network Operations and Security Center (MCNOSC) based in Quantico, VA
700 provides global network operations and CND of the Marine Corps Enterprise Network (MCEN) in order
701 to facilitate seamless information exchange in support of Marine and Joint Forces operating worldwide.
702 The MCNOSC concurrently provides technical leadership for service-wide initiatives that utilize the
703 enterprise capabilities delivered by the MCEN. MCNOSC capabilities involve exploiting networking
704 expertise and technologies to expand and enhance services to the warfighter.
17
705 Organizations
706 NETWARCOM
707 NETWARCOM, a global command with more than 14,000 military and civilian professionals
708 headquartered in Norfolk, VA is the Navy's Type Commander (TYCOM) for network and IT
709 requirements, intelligence, network, IO and space. NETWARCOM operates a secure and interoperable
710 naval network that enables effects-based operations and innovation.
711 Team SPAWAR

712 The worldwide team of more than 7,550 people at SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific and SPAWAR
713 Systems Center Atlantic (includes systems centers and the program executive offices) spanning the
714 country and globe that provide R&D and engineering expertise to invent, acquire, develop, deliver, and
715 support IT, C4ISR, networks, and business IT in the interest of national defense. SPAWAR is
716 headquartered in San Diego, CA.
717 MARCORSYSCOM
718 MARCORSYSCOM, headquartered in Quantico, VA is the Commandant of the Marine Corps’ principal
719 agent for acquisition and sustainment of systems and equipment used by the operating forces to
720 accomplish their warfighting mission. From “socks to gun sights,” the MARCORSYSCOM team,
721 comprising more than 1,600 people, outfits Marines with literally everything they drive, shoot, and
722 wear.
723 Functions and Infrastructure

724 CND
725 Networks and enterprise services have become mission-essential systems on ships, and these systems
726 must have the same degree of survivability and resilience as other weapons systems. Computer Network
727 Defense (CND) involves actions taken through computer networks to protect, monitor, analyze, detect,
728 and respond to unauthorized activity within and outside of DoD information systems and computer
729 networks. CND provides the necessary level of Information Assurance (IA) for services and information
730 flow to protect and preserve information for mission functions. These capabilities involve scanning
731 computers for vulnerabilities, remediation, and central management of host agents that detect and
732 prevent malicious code. Current capability to set threat levels on DoD information systems, called
733 Information Operations Condition (INFOCON) on shipboard and shore systems, fully or partially
734 automated, allows the warfighter to fight network intruders.
735 NAVCIRT
736 Navy Computer Incident Response Team (NAVCIRT) analysts utilize a web-based solution named
737 MOBIUS that monitors, reports, and thwarts malicious network activity to help maintain a secure
738 computer network services that control weapon systems, financial transactions, and a wide range of
739 other vital communications traffic. MOBIUS provides commanders with situational network status
740 metrics and stores cyber security data for historical analysis, trending, data visualization, reporting, and
741 event-correlation capabilities that deliver real intelligence on potential threats, to ideally stop them
742 before they start.
18
743 NETOPS
744 Network Operations (NetOps) encompasses all activities associated with operating and defending
745 networks, their applications, and their services. NetOps is defined as the DoD-wide operational,
746 organizational, and technical capabilities for operating and defending the Global Information Grid
747 (GIG), the DoD globally interconnected, end-to-end set of information capabilities for joint forces and
748 support personnel. The goal of NetOps is to provide commanders with netcentric capabilities to make
749 informed C2 decisions. NetOps is the operational construct that the Navy will use to operate, maintain,
750 and defend the Navy’s Enterprise Networks (NEN), which encompass NMCI, ONE-NET, legacy
751 networks, and IT for the 21st Century (IT-21) afloat. The Navy’s responsibility in the global NetOps
752 construct is to establish and maintain Network Operations and Security Centers (NOSCs) and a Navy
753 Global NOSC (NAVGNOSC) to operate and defend the Navy portion of the GIG, to direct and
754 coordinate Navy NetOps activities, and to support global operation of the GIG by providing SA and
755 coordination with the JTF-GNO, COCOMS, and Navy CCs.
756 NMCI
757 Today, NMCI is the largest corporate intranet in the world. The foundation of the naval connectivity
758 backbone, NMCI is a robust, flexible, and secure communications platform responsible for exceptional
759 performance of the Navy and Marine Corps mission. There are more than 700,000 NMCI user accounts
760 on 360,000+ seats (desktops) providing secure, universal access to integrated voice, video, and data
761 communications over 3,000 locations across the continental United States, Hawaii, Cuba, Guam, Japan,
762 and Puerto Rico. NMCI was the first network to implement the DoD Common Access Card (CAC) with
763 Cryptographic Log On (CLO), providing additional defense-in-depth to protect the integrity of Navy and
764 Marine Corps information assets throughout the enterprise.
765
766 NMCI has consolidated and standardized network operations services, security, and user assistance
767 across every level of command. In the past two years, the Navy has succeeded in shutting down or
768 migrating service from about 750 Navy networks. This leaves 470 nonenterprise Navy networks, and the
769 CNO’s goal is to eliminate or migrate 200 more by the end of 2009, with elimination of the legacy
770 environment in 2010. NMCI:
771 • Detects intrusion attempts: more than 1,200 unclassified and ~20 classified attempts monthly
772 • Detects an average of 60 viruses and effectively quarantines and disinfects 3000+ new viruses
773 monthly
774 • Blocks approximately 9 million spam messages and detected more than 5.2 million unauthorized
775 intrusion attempts on external boundaries monthly (2006)
776 • Stopped 20 million unauthorized access attempts and quarantined 70,000 viruses (2000-2005)
777 Under NMCI, increased efficiencies and cost savings are moving military personnel from the computer
778 management field onto the battlefield. The Pacific Fleet (PACFLT) is currently field-testing a NMCI
779 service called Common Operational Picture (COP), a single identical display of relevant operational
780 information shared by more than one command. COP evaluates how network outages affect mission
781 readiness. NMCI has a proven foundation in place to support new technological and strategic objectives
782 of the Navy as it transitions to the Next Generation Enterprise Network (NGEN) in October 2010 and
783 netcentric environment of 2016. “NGEN is currently building the transition plan to ensure continuity of
784 operations for the current NMCI environment, develop the DoN network operations and systems
785 engineering work force, and create a DoD-managed framework” (managed by NETWARCOM and
786 MCNOSC service operations planning leads) …to coordinate efforts of the military, civilian, and
787 contractor team,” says RDML David G. Simpson, DCNO N6.
19
788 Wireless and Mobile Computing

789 Wireless networks are bringing new, innovative capabilities to Navy personnel at sea, providing Sailors
790 aboard surface vessels with greater flexibility, more productivity, and greater mobility. The unclassified
791 wireless infrastructure will provide an extension of the unclassified Integrated Shipboard Network
792 System (ISNS). Multiple Navy personnel will be able to share the capacity provided by a single wired
793 network connection by utilizing the unclassified wireless interface into which the wired ISNS
794 connection terminates, helping to enable future wireless capabilities.
795
796 Fielded and operational today, the Wireless Reach Back System (WRBS) provides a secure wireless link
797 for the transmission of data supporting multiple mission sets. The system is currently employed by Visit,
798 Board, Search, and Seizure (VBSS) teams to send biometric and intelligent data between Vessels of
799 Interest (VOI) and the On-Scene Commander (OSC) during Expanded Maritime Intercept Operations
800 (EMIO) and to provide NGOs with Internet connectivity during disaster and humanitarian relief efforts.
801 Thirty-three WRBSs have currently been deployed, with 151 deliveries expected to be made to 6
802 different ship classes from FY09-FY13.
803 Shipboard Grooming: Predeployment Inspection and Certification

804 Preparing ships for deployment is yet another activity C4ISR professionals conduct to support the Fleet.
805 Every deploying CSG/ Expeditionary Strike Group (ESG) receives the attention of PMW-160 networks
806 technicians who board ships and evaluate networks systems during stressed operational validation. The
807 technicians evaluate systems, equipment, procedures and assist shipboard technicians in testing system
808 integration/functionality. Networks distance support is provided for every ESG/CSG and independent
809 deployer.
810 IT Readiness Review (ITRR)

811 In treating the network as a weapons system as a key to sustaining readiness, RADM Michael C.
812 Bachmann, Commander, SPAWAR, established the Information Technology Readiness Review (ITRR)
813 Program in July 2007 to assess and test Navy's afloat C4I readiness. ITRR is a process that examines
814 and validates five key readiness C4I areas that, according to RADM Bachmann, “will enable us to
815 remain decisive in combat and ever ready to respond to any crisis or humanitarian need around the
816 world." Results proactively identify and correct C4I areas that need improvement. ITRR focuses on:
817 • Procurement and systems operation validation testing

818 • In-service sustainment
819 • Training and manning
820 • TYCOM-directed assessments
821 • Strike group readiness
822 NNFE Fleet Technical Support

823 Fleet support continues for deployed units. Highly capable civilian technicians form Fleet Systems
824 Engineering Teams (FSETs) to immediately assist with C4ISR matters. Subject matter experts are on
825 call when needed. In recent examples, technicians from PEO C4I’s PMW-170, Communications
826 Program Office, and PMW-160, Tactical Networks, supported radios, terminals, and antennas providing
827 both onsite and distance support to ensure networks operated at optimum capability when USS Peleliu
828 (LHA 5) and USNS Mercy (T-AH 19), deployed in support of the PP mission, and when USS Boxer
829 (LHD) and USNS Comfort (T-AH 20) supported CP.
20
830 Navy “Business” – Corporate Operations

831 While the warfighting elements of any service provide the focus of most capability discussions, the
832 “business” side of the DoN requires substantial and ongoing support from C4ISR professionals.
833 Databases, information infrastructure, and software applications that allow for hiring, promotions, pay,
834 provisions, healthcare, financial management, records keeping, office work, and myriad other functions
835 of any successful operation all require investment and ongoing operational care.
836
837 In the business world, an enterprise is an organization based on linked processes with a set of focused
838 deliverables aimed at achieving goals benefitting defined stakeholders. Mindful of management
839 consultant Tom Peters’ maxim that "Leaders win through superior logistics,” the Navy has adopted the
840 enterprise organizational construct to improve efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability. As a
841 member of the greater Fleet Readiness Enterprise (FRE), the NNFE is embracing the goal of delivering
842 greater operational readiness at the lowest possible cost—taking a business approach to the business of
843 the Navy and Marine Corps. This method is already accelerating and streamlining improvements across
844 the Fleet and Marine force, while institutionalizing continuous process improvements (CPI).
845 Navy Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

846 The Navy is adopting best business practices through implementation of ERP, an integrated business
847 management system that modernizes and standardizes Navy processes used to manage money,
848 acquisition programs, people, supplies, and maintenance. Navy ERP will provide enhanced accessibility
849 of trusted data, supply both standardized and customized reporting, and automate compliance with
850 federal financial and security standards into one completely integrated system. Navy ERP will:
851
852 • Provide near real-time access to data
853 • Improve information flow for decision making
854 • Integrate business processes and eliminate redundancies
855 • Be a common source of data (timekeeping, finance, business procedures, reports, etc.)
856 • Enhance business processes without major systems modifications and programming
857 • Reduce the total cost of doing business
858 • Provide highly transferable skills to employees
859 • Improve logistics ashore and afloat
860
861 The results will be increased Fleet combat readiness under the highest standards for secure, reliable,
862 accessible, and current information. Since the major acquisition commands are the largest business
863 concerns in the Navy, when fully implemented across the system commands, Navy ERP will be the sole
864 financial system managing more than half of the Navy’s total obligations. Implementation of Navy ERP
865 at Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) in January 2008 has already achieved many successes.
866 NAVAIR has ~15,000 active ERP users managing ~$157 billion in active accounts. According to
867 Operational Test and Evaluation Force (COMOPTEVFOR) Initial Operational Test and Evaluation
868 (IOT&E), at the end of 2008, 12 of 14 metric-based definitions of stability routinely met the acceptable
869 performance threshold. The number of work years (WYs) required to perform manual intervention for
870 timely transaction processing decreased at NAVAIR from ~200 to ~90. Further, ERP job processing
871 issues related to production scheduling were identified and resolved, resulting in an integrated job
872 schedule, automated job execution processing, and automated error notifications.
873 ERP facilitated improvements in Labor Processing, Source Data Automation (SDA) run times, Defense
874 Daily Expenditure File (DDEF) clearing, and month-end processing. NAVAIR Business Office
875 Leadership provided charts and metrics to support the Navy ERP Senior Acquisition Governance
21
876 Review Brief in August, 2008. This review helped facilitate the decision to transition Naval Supply
877 Systems Command (NAVSUP) to Navy ERP.
878
879 SPAWAR will “go live” (i.e., transition from legacy systems to with Navy ERP software
880 implementation) on 1 October 2009, and hopes to achieve the same great results currently being realized
881 at NAVAIR. “Navy ERP will positively influence the daily work routines of over 10,000 SPAWAR
882 employees. There will be great benefits for the Navy, and great transparency in fund execution and
883 project management,” says RADM Bachmann.
884 Continuous Process Improvement (CPI)

885 Successful businesses have a culture of CPI. The DoN continues to champion the use of Lean Six Sigma
886 (LSS), a disciplined process improvement methodology. By focusing on becoming a "lean"
887 organization, the DoD is eliminating waste and resourcing capital to best use in pursuit of goals. Over
888 4,420 leaders have completed LSS training, and there are over 2,000 projects underway. The Marine
889 Corps expects to be the first military service to achieve audit readiness.
890
891 Recently, the Navy LSS Team from the PEO C4I acquisition community achieved significant cost
892 savings by implementing an efficient, repeatable process for integration of Common Submarine Radio
893 Room (CSRR) block upgrades. The object was to reduce costs through improving efficiencies by using
894 the LSS “Define-Measure-Analyze-Implement-Control” process. Following its implementation across
895 all CSRR planning efforts, “the results were significant in terms of Type 2 (cost avoidance) cost savings
896 ($455K per baseline) and Type 3 (improved readiness) benefits (over $80M in lifecycle cost estimates
897 for the submarine resource sponsor). Further, the project allowed acceleration of CSRR on Los Angeles
898 class submarines across the Fleet,” according to Robert Kamensky, SPAWAR CPI/LSS Deployment
899 Lead.
900 “Back Office” Operations

901 A substantial part of Navy and Marine Corps operations combines software applications, hardware
902 suites, and data to provide for the operations of the DoN. These “back office” elements allow inventory
903 control and management, records management, manpower and personnel functions from recruiting to
904 writing orders, budgeting, training and person to person interaction. These back office features are
905 created, provided and in many cases operated by our C4ISR professionals and the NNFE. While not
906 exhaustive in coverage, the following paragraphs provide a sampling of the capabilities in use today.
907 Lifecycle Management and Logistics

908 The New Orleans Office of SSC Atlantic is a leader in business IT development, focusing on software
909 engineering and development, maintenance, and support of large-scale engineering projects for the Navy
910 and Marine Corps, including manpower and personnel systems under the oversight of the Program
911 Executive Officer for Enterprise Information Systems (PEO-EIS). The New Orleans office assists the
912 Navy in accomplishing the critical business functions of Sailor mobilization, manpower management,
913 assignment management, readiness, personnel and pay, recruiting, order writing, separation and
914 retirement, and financial management.
915 Navy Standard Integrated Personnel System (NSIPS)

916 Every Sailor’s personnel records, orders, pay, career management, health data, etc. are all supported by
917 systems maintained by SSC Atlantic at New Orleans, including the NSIPS, the largest pay and personnel
918 system in Navy history. The system serves as the single repository for personnel and pay data for all
22
919 Active Duty and Reserve Sailors in the Navy and offers Sailors round-the-clock access to their
920 Electronic Service Record (ESR), training data, and career counseling records.
921 Medical Readiness Reporting System (MRRS)

922 The MRRS gives the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard the ability to meet mobilization and
923 readiness requirements more effectively and efficiently, as well as full visibility on the medical status of
924 deploying forces. Enhancements to the Post Deployment Health Reporting Assessment functionality in
925 the MRSS will ensure the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard have accurate reporting on the health
926 of their personnel returning from supporting the Overseas Contingency Operations.
927 Sailor Choice: Sea Warrior

928 New capability added to the Career Management System Interactive Detailing (CMS/ID) will enable
929 Sailors to apply for their next assignment by submitting their own job applications online. Various
930 Reserve/active component shore activities and ships have tested this capability, and if approved, it will
931 be expanded to allow all enlisted Sailors in the Navy–ashore and afloat–to submit their own
932 applications. CMS/ID is the centerpiece of a total force web-based Navy career tools suite designed to
933 empower active duty, full-time support, and Selected Reserve (SELRES) Sailors in career management.
934 Providing this self-service option is the latest in a series of enhancements made by New Orleans Office
935 engineers that puts even more career capabilities in the hands of the Sailor.
936 Official Navy Data Center

937 New Orleans is supporting efforts to move the Navy toward standardized, more cost-efficient IT
938 operations as a Cyber Asset Reduction and Security (CARS) mission partner to NETWARCOM,
939 assuming a key role in the Command’s Navy Data Center consolidation efforts. New Orleans operates a
940 state-of-the-art Data Center/application hosting facility using virtual server technology and a shared
941 services business model to reduce cost and increase the level of security across hosted applications. New
942 Orleans’ shared services have become a recognized Navy model for delivering more capabilities using
943 fewer resources.
944 Largest Quality of Life Help Desk in the Navy

945 New Orleans continues to operate an award-winning Customer Support Center (CSC)/Help Desk that
946 services more than 538,000 members in the Navy, Marine Corps, Air National Guard, and Air Force in
947 resolving pay, personnel, and other issues. The CSC consistently out-performs industry metrics and
948 maintains a steady customer satisfaction rating of 98 percent, improving retention and allowing Sailors
949 to focus on their core mission.
950 HIGH-END WARFARE

951 Despite the current focus on contingency operations, during the next 25 years, military analysts predict
952 the US will be challenged by a regional competitor or rogue state that will use anti-access and area-
953 denial strategies. Today’s Navy and Marine Corps are preparing for a future military near-peer
954 competitor, in all dimensions: sea, land, air, undersea, and space. Both systems in place today and
955 current development efforts remain focused on high-end warfare (HEW). As conscientious stewards of
956 the nation’s defense, our Navy and Marine Corps must plan against capabilities of potential competitors,
957 not our estimate of their intentions. Near-peer and in some areas peer capabilities exist in global forces
958 today—the examples of prudent investments in high-end warfare preparation that follow exhibit some of
959 the focus areas our C4ISR professionals are working within the NNFE.
23
960 Navy Air and Missile Defense Command

961 The Navy is establishing a new Navy Air and Missile Defense Command in Dahlgren, VA that will
962 concentrate on growing success in developing and deploying antimissile systems. So far, the Navy has
963 completed equipping 18 ships with Aegis antimissile systems, and has had several ship-launched
964 intercepts of test ballistic missiles. As of November 2008, the Navy shot down 19 interceptor missiles at
965 speeding targets and was successful in 16 attempts.
966 Theater Battle Management Core Systems (TBMCS)

967 TBMCS serves as the single interface for joint air warfare Command and Control (C2), linking Air
968 Force and Navy C2 systems with ground systems for Army and Marine Corps systems, enabling
969 coordinated, synchronized air battle management. From initial battle analysis and planning to a precision
970 air strike on a time-critical target, one system supports every stage of the military’s air combat planning,
971 coordination, and execution. Through merging of NNFE technologies into TMMCS systems that
972 incorporate sensor input, mapping and imagery data, and current friendly status information, NNFE
973 products are the cornerstones of air battle C2.
974 HEW Engineering

975 SPAWAR, in support of the Program Operation Memorandum (POM) 12 analytical agenda, is currently
976 conducting the following engineering studies to improve warfighting readiness:
977 • Identify warfighting impact upon a survivable, balanced Navy afloat and ashore C2 architecture
978 capable of performing Anti-submarine Warfare (ASW), Anti-surface Warfare (ASUW), and
979 Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) missions in a high-end warfare environment.
980 • Support C4ISR efforts for the next-generation land attack weapon
981 • Determine Navy bandwidth assessment for afloat platforms, shore sites, ongoing maritime
982 operations, fleet exercises, and tie data to operational requirements through detailed statistical
983 models
984 • Assess net-centric continuity of operations in high-end warfare environment
985 • Determine the communications paths, capacities, methods, and Processing, Exploitation, and
986 Dissemination (PED) necessary to provide national, theater, and tactical ISR to JFMCC and
987 subordinate forces for MCO-2 operations in 2024 timeframe
988 • Assess defensive cyberspace impact on warfighting capability
989 • Conduct C2HEW study to expand examination of joint and coalition and tactical data links
990 Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Defense

991 The NNFE is actively engaged with military and Congressional leaders to assess and combat the
992 potential threat of Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) attack from terrorists and rogue nations such as North
993 Korea. EMP threat consists of a single nuclear weapon detonated at high altitude to produce an EMP
994 that, depending on its location and size, would knock out power grids and other electrical and
995 communication systems across much of the country, for months, if not years. The NNFE is working
996 with military and Congressional leaders to develop a highly publicized policy to deter such an attack,
997 and that the US would respond with devastating effect against any aggressor that launches an EMP
998 strike.
999 The Navy is investing in the development, integration, and production of a state-of-the-art EMP weapon
1000 and its associated control system, to be completed in August 2010. Ongoing NNFE technology research
1001 and development (R&D) and patent efforts underway continue with military and private sector partners
1002 in advanced radiography, radiation effects, advanced accelerators, high-power microwaves, EMP, and
1003 lightning simulation technologies. Field-active defenses (e.g., missile shield) and passive defenses (e.g.,
24
1004 fiber optics) are benefitting from incorporation of these valued laboratory investments that are hardening
1005 military networks and military weapons on electronic systems and mechanical structures, such as
1006 satellites, missiles, missile silos, and ground-based C4I systems.
1007 C2 Battle Management Communications (C2BMC)

1008 The C2 Battle Management and Communications integrates elements and components of the Ballistic
1009 Missile Defense System (BMDS) and is a major component of the PEO C4I portfolio under the NNFE
1010 C2 umbrella. The current Command and Control portfolio for PEO C4I consists of three efforts: 1)
1011 existing GCCS Family of Systems (FoS), including GCCS-J and GCCS-M variants for the FY08-FY13
1012 timeframe (near term); 2) GCCS FoS’s successor, Net-Enabled Command Capability (NECC), or Navy
1013 joint C2; and 3) a proposed Command and Control Integration and Implementation (C2I&I) for FY12
1014 and out (long term).
1015
1016 Global Command and Control System-Maritime (GCCS-M) is the current Program of Record for Navy
1017 C2. The primary role of GCCS-M is to provide real-time (or near real-time) planning, execution and
1018 situational awareness of the battlefield environment for combatant commanders, tactical decision-
1019 makers and warfighters. PMW 150 currently fields GCCS-M hardware and software throughout the
1020 Fleet. Additionally, PMW 150 fields hardware and software for GCCS-J variants of the GCCS FoS to
1021 appropriate Navy sites. GCCS-J is predominantly provided to Joint sites, including JFCOM and
1022 PACOM, and multiple others. GCCS-J is also being considered for MHQ/MOC sites.
1023
1024 C2BMC maps into the Fixed Submarine Broadcast System (FSBS). Messages and information
1025 transmitted over the FSBS primarily support the submarine missions of Intelligence, Surveillance, and
1026 Reconnaissance (ISR); Land Attack/Strike (STK); Special Warfare–Special Operations Force (SOF)
1027 Support; and Strategic Deterrence (SD). Strategic Deterrence is the primary mission of the FSBS–the
1028 delivery of EAMs to Fleet SSBNs operating in a stealth posture.
1029
1030 C4ISR professionals and the applications, equipment, and services they are providing are essential to the
1031 Navy and Marine Corps today. These are not science projects or ideas from the current IT press—these
1032 are actual people providing real equipment with a definitive, positive impact on ongoing operations.
1033 NNFE personnel and NNFE-provided capabilities are essential to today’s warriors.
25
FUTURE CAPABILITY: NEXT NAVY AND MARINE CORPS 26
1034 In today’s rapidly changing world, the Department of Navy (DoN) must react to a greater variety of
1035 missions and threats in accelerated fashion through robustly networked forces that are able to outpace
1036 adversaries across the range of military operations. Investments made in the next two-to-six years will
1037 shape our “next Navy and Marine Corps”—the capabilities our future Sailors and Marines will bring to
1038 the fight. These investments shall leverage the power of IT to develop new capabilities that will
1039 revolutionize the prosecution of war, meet advanced warfighting requirements, provide Sailors and
1040 Marines with networked access to the advanced IT they need for career advancement, and bring
1041 advances in data/information management to Navy and Marine Corps business management systems.
1042 This change represents a shift to “Network-Centric Operations” (NCO), sometimes referred to as NCW.
1043
1044 NCO is a concept for organizing efforts to transform the Sea Services for 21st-century military and
1045 business operations. NCO focuses on using IT to link together Navy ships, Marine Air Ground Task
1046 Forces (MAGTFs), and their subordinate elements, aircraft, and shore installations into highly integrated
1047 organizations. The NNFE, established in 2005, is leading this effort to transform the future capability of
1048 Navy and Marine Corps forces to achieve information dominance and decision superiority.
1049
1050 Naval forces are strongly engaged in the development and defense of the DoD-mandated Global
1051 Information Grid (GIG) architecture, a globally interconnected network of networks—a complex system
1052 that links hundreds of information system elements to enable rapid information exchange among the US
1053 services, the Intelligence Community (IC multinational allies), and support users in peace time and
1054 during conflicts. The GIG is the organizing construct for achieving NCO across the DoD. GIG
1055 architecture development provides the technical foundation for FORCEnet, which is the naval portion of
1056 the GIG underway to implement network integration, with the goal of linking all weapons, platforms,
1057 sensor systems, and C2 centers across multiple domains.
1058
1059 The information contained in the following chapter will familiarize you with the investment direction
1060 the Navy is taking in five particular areas within this current POM cycle: converging our networks;
1061 decoupling services; enhancing current capabilities; aligning for our future; and further operationalizing
1062 C2. In some cases, these investments pertain to new equipment and how dollars are spent; in others, they
1063 pertain to training and process improvement. In all cases, these investments will improve and strengthen
1064 our capability as a networked fighting force.
1065 CONVERGE NETWORKS

1066 NNFE Network Revolution
1067 ”Networking” has become essential to warfare. The romantic image of a ship of the line or Marine fire
1068 team operating “alone and unafraid” has been overtaken by Extremely High Frequency (EHF) data
1069 downloads to Tomahawk fire control systems and automatic exchange of Blue Force Tracker (BFT)
1070 locating information. Google Earth™ mapping services are being used for humanitarian relief
1071 operational planning. These developments are creating demand for new, sustained investments
1072 supporting a new network environment (architecture, design, strategy, and governance) across the entire
1073 naval service. The DoN is planning and reacting in accelerated fashion to a greater diversity of
1074 asymmetric missions in order to outpace adversaries across the multitheater Overseas Contingency
1075 Operations.
1076
1077 The objective is to deliver a powerful set of warfighting concepts and associated military capabilities via
1078 the tools, networks, protocols, and procedures that allow warfighters to take full advantage of all
1079 applicable information in a rapid, flexible manner. Networks are powerful assets to confound and cripple
26
1080 our adversaries, while allowing our forces to achieve more, in less time, with fewer resources. While
1081 many program, logistical, and budgetary challenges are present, the NNFE continues to consolidate
1082 global shore-based, expeditionary, and shipboard computing and communication environments in order
1083 to optimize information for tactical advantage throughout the Naval Enterprise. As part of this
1084 transformation, the NNFE is fully embracing the concept of netcentricity: converging networks to create
1085 an environment in which data is seamlessly shared among users, applications, and computing platforms
1086 during all phases of warfighting and warfighting-support efforts.
1087 On Course to a Solution

1088 In years past, Navy and Marine Corps legacy networks were developed and supported by different
1089 infrastructures, systems, and operational controls. Networks relied on separate circuits, configuration
1090 settings, and Internet Protocol (IP) routing architectures that resulted in interoperability issues and
1091 tremendous support costs. To illustrate, an aircraft carrier can have as many as 70 individual networks
1092 aboard. In response to these problems, former Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) Mike Mullen
1093 envisioned a systematic application of the FORCEnet construct towards “…design[ing] the Fleet to
1094 exploit the network and design the network to empower the Fleet.” To that end, the Navy and Marine
1095 Corps continue to invest in network convergence initiatives. Two such programs–the Navy’s Cyber
1096 Asset Reduction and Security (CARS) task force and the Marine Corps’ Legacy Network Consolidation
1097 (LNC) effort–are improving IT investments through elimination of legacy self-contained (e.g.,
1098 “stovepiped”) networks and systems.
1099 Networks Are a Combat System

1100 Navy and Marine Corps networks serve as a force-multiplier equal to traditional combat platforms
1101 (ships, aircraft, submarines, amphibious craft, and weapons) in what they bring to the fight in preserving
1102 the peace. Network information sharing, collaboration, and computing power enable US forces to
1103 overwhelm adversaries by maximizing use of surprise and by closing observe/decide/act “loops” faster
1104 than their opponents, which leads to dramatically increased mission effectiveness.
1105
1106 NCO is the force driver moving the DoN from present technology dependence on individual
1107 applications towards full access to and exploitation of data through standards. This means providing
1108 users with the ability to access applications and services that they need and can use through a web-
1109 enabled space, while simultaneously creating a web-enabled user community in which each member can
1110 both provide and access data. NCO makes it possible to move beyond traditional Communities of
1111 Interest (COI), such as C2 or intelligence, to full cross-functional information exchange across the
1112 battlespace to support the execution of various operational naval, joint, or coalition missions, as
1113 required.
1114 CANES Program

1115 Consolidation of many existing Program of Record (POR) and nonPOR afloat networks has been
1116 desired for many years. Continued investments in the Consolidated Afloat Networks and Enterprise
1117 Services (CANES) Program will bring to the Navy a consolidated afloat C4ISR network infrastructure
1118 that will be able to accommodate more growth on a single network with multiple layers of security. The
1119 CANES Program represents the next-generation of afloat networks and computing infrastructure, a
1120 vision based on an overarching concept to reduce the number of networks, while providing efficiency
1121 through a single engineering focus on technical solutions. CANES has five objectives for its first
1122 incremental capability delivery:
27
1123 • Consolidate portions of existing afloat physical networks into a reduced network
1124 infrastructure
1125 • Provide Afloat Core Services (ACS) to enable a flexible, agile environment for rapid, “plug-
1126 and-play” C2 and ISR capability enhancements in a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
1127 environment
1128 • Provide a Common Computing Environment (CCE) that allocates computing resources to
1129 host nonCANES applications
1130 • Provide IP-based voice and video services
1131 • Provide increased availability and survivability, greater reliability, and require less
1132 maintenance
1133
1134 These objectives will provide a single and highly scalable network infrastructure across all COI.
1135 CANES’ emphasis on a consolidated network infrastructure promotes efficiencies by streamlining
1136 acquisition, contracting, testing, logistics support, training, and interoperability. The program will
1137 achieve Initial Operational Capability (IOC) in early FY12. CANES is focusing on adapting the network
1138 to the warfighter, so that every edge of the network will ultimately be capable of providing voice, video,
1139 and data with guaranteed data assurance and integrity.
1140 MCEITS Initiative

1141 The Marine Corps Enterprise Information Technology Services (MCEITS) Initiative is a strategic, broad
1142 vision that supports DoD network consolidation, alignment, and IT provision for USMC. MCEITS is
1143 moving USMC IT services away from a stovepiped, duplicative approach towards fielding IT resources
1144 that enable access to enterprise information collaboration and sharing across business and warfighter
1145 domains.
1146
1147 The USMC component of FORCEnet and the GIG is the Marine Corps Enterprise Network (MCEN),
1148 the USMC global network that supports all data communication requirements for Marines and
1149 supporting establishments to effect information exchange over the GIG. MCEN utilizes NMCI, IT-21
1150 capabilities, and the Marine Corps Expeditionary Network (eXNET), which will be the deployed tactical
1151 portion of MCEN. The Marine Corps’ network efforts fully synchronize with joint and other services,
1152 resulting in a fully networked expeditionary fighting force.
1153 NNE of 2016

1154 The DoN CIO is chairing the effort to define the vision, scope, governance, and programmatic IT
1155 alignment towards the future Naval Networking Environment (NNE), the net-centric, secure enterprise-
1156 computing environment that will be realized in the 2016 timeframe. The Navy and Marine Corps are
1157 investing in four enterprise Internet-style networks projected for full capability in the NNE of 2016:
1158
1159 • Next-Generation Network (NGEN)
1160 Beginning in 2010, will ultimately bring the US (CONUS) and overseas networks onto a
1161 common, secure structure that will include leading-edge technology, such as wireless Internet
1162 access
1163 • ONE-NET
1164 Navy Enterprise Network for shore installations overseas (OCONUS), currently delivering
1165 integrated networking services
1166 • CANES
1167 Replaces most tactical networks currently used on Navy warships and aircraft with single
1168 architecture providing ACS
28
1169 • MCEN
1170 Consolidates most Marine Corps networking functions (including MCEITS), while assuring
1171 connectivity to the Fleet and joint force
1172
1173 NNE will allow Navy, Marine Corps, joint, and coalition warfighters as well as their IT workforce
1174 counterparts to share information and data quickly and securely in a collaborative environment based on
1175 common architecture and standards.
1176 Network Transformation, Other Domains

1177 Transformation is not only occurring in the C4I domain, but also aligning with the Combat Systems,
1178 Hull, Mechanical, and Electrical (HM&E) and Control Domains. NNFE plans to utilize the Navy
1179 Technical Reference Model (NTRM) as a tool to align all Navy networks to the maximum extent
1180 possible. The NTRM is derived from commercial standard network models and provides a common,
1181 hierarchical computing framework representing all layered services that support afloat, airborne, and
1182 ashore platforms. The NTRM is a valued Navy tool that provides the framework guiding far-sighted and
1183 prudent acquisition, development, and recapitalization of Program Executive Office (PEO) C4I, PEO
1184 Enterprise Information Systems (EIS), and PEO Integrated Warfare Systems (IWS). The NTRM also
1185 serves to coordinate platform lifecycle planning activities with other PEOs and acquisition
1186 organizations.
1187
1188 NNFE Advancing Airborne Networks
1189 Naval, joint, and coalition aviators face unique challenges: limited capability to share, access, and
1190 exploit relevant information and data within the battlespace. Known as Joint, Interagency,
1191 Intergovernmental, and Multinational (JIIM) tactical edge users, these warriors lack mobile and dynamic
1192 connectivity throughout the full range of operations, and are often unable to connect with one another,
1193 due to disparate communication systems, Line-of-Sight (LOS) limitations, and reliance on over-
1194 subscribed satellite communications. These issues hinder joint and combined net-centric warfare
1195 capabilities. In response, the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) and Navy are investing in the
1196 Communications Airborne Layer Expansion Joint Capability Test Demonstration (CABLE JCTD)
1197 Initiative to evaluate a potential airborne networking solution for a fully integrated, IP-enabled airborne
1198 network.
1199 Investments Improving Joint Communications

1200 The CABLE JCTD Initiative will enable the warfighter to bridge disparate legacy communication
1201 systems and develop more robust information sharing among joint, coalition, and interagency forces,
1202 advancing airborne networking in the following areas:
1203 • Integrate a backbone network for IP-based, high-capacity data transfer
1204 • Establish secure gateways to interconnect data links, voice systems, and netcentric IP-based
1205 networks
1206 • Organize and share joint voice communications (applications, translation, signaling, and control)
1207 • Host enterprise-wide services, such as a common tactical picture service or chat
1208 • Perform Tactical Data Link (TDL) gateway management
1209 • Facilitate joint tactical networking
1210
1211 CABLE JCTD transition is targeting multiple service programs and product improvement/risk reduction
1212 activities to support Combatant Commanders (COCOM) activities. Over POM 12, the Navy will invest
1213 in further integration of existing communication infrastructure within the Combat Access Layer into the
29
1214 theater operational backbone segments of the GIG. The forthcoming E-2D Advanced Hawkeye features
1215 comprehensive connectivity that enables the aircraft to share air and missile defense information with
1216 the entire Fleet, making the Hawkeye a critical node in network-centric air operations.
1217 Vision: Enhanced Warfighter Capability

1218 • Improved, collaborative C2 (Blue Force Situational Awareness [SA] and combat identification
1219 [ID], tactical chat, Common Operational Picture [COP] dissemination, browsing, and email)
1220 • Common avionics
1221 • Faster prosecution of time-sensitive targets: decreased timeline, detect-to-engage
1222 • Reduced Kill Chain Find phase for surface targets via Automatic Identification System (AIS)
1223 • Provision of critical combat ID data for commercial vessels: ship name, course, and speed via AIS
1224 • Availability of Intelligence Broadcast Receiver (IBR), a tactical receiver for near-real-time
1225 threats
1226 Success Story

1227 Submarine Networking
1228 In the late 1990s, the Submarine Force was an active participant in the Naval Integrated Information
1229 Networks Integrated Product Team (NIIN IPT). This cross-Systems Command (SYSCOM), cross-
1230 Warfare Sponsor venue was working to identify and resolve network issues at a time when information
1231 networks were first emerging in the afloat environment. Acting as an enterprise before such
1232 organizations were formally created, the Submarine Force adopted the network consolidation principles
1233 under discussion to create a single, cross-security enclave network domain to help warfighters share
1234 information both locally and globally.
1235
1236 Composed of a Sensitive But Unclassified (SBU) Local Area Network (LAN), a Secret LAN, and a Top
1237 Secret (TS) LAN, the common backbone designed and installed provides the conduit for information
1238 exchange within the submarine and to external networks, utilizing the IP Wide Area Network (WAN)
1239 gateway services of the Automated Digital Network System (ADNS) routers as part of the overall
1240 strategic effort to facilitate joint, allied, and coalition communications. Built in compliance with Open
1241 System Architecture (OSA) and DoD Information Standards Registry (DISR) guidance, the design
1242 provides flexibility and has resulted in a high-level interoperability with tactical and C4I systems, as
1243 demonstrated by operational interfaces with key submarine subsystems. This prescient modular/open
1244 systems approach supports the introduction of emerging industry standards.
1245 End-to-End Connectivity

1246 The submarine network in place today has delivered a mission-critical design for the SECRET LAN to
1247 support propulsion plant and combat systems interfaces, along with incorporating TS data processing
1248 capabilities. This early success is a superb example of how a network can satisfy both multiple mission
1249 area requirements and deliver end-to-end real-time communications with surface and shore. Ongoing
1250 initiatives to allow communications at speed and depth will improve mission effectiveness and force
1251 agility for the strike group commanders of fast-attack and cruise missile submarines when operating
1252 submerged, minimizing counter-detection and maximizing tactical positioning and surveillance. With
1253 plans for participation in CANES and other material enhancements, the Undersea Warfare Enterprise
1254 (USE) is presently working with the NNFE to enhance the future undersea communications network,
1255 linking submerged submarines, unmanned undersea vehicles, and undersea sensors to the GIG,
1256 extending end-to-end connectivity among surface, air, shore, submarines, and other undersea platforms
30
1257 or sensors to achieve undersea dominance.

1258
1259 DECOUPLE SERVICES
1260 Afloat Networks: Building on the Backbone
1261 Experience to date highlights the need for investments in Navy programs to substantially improve SA,
1262 agility, and responsiveness to address unprecedented emerging threats and pressing force sustainment
1263 issues. In response, CNO directed Navy leadership to invest in restructuring tactical afloat networks and
1264 Maritime Operations Centers (MOC). The Navy’s CANES initiative, a programmatic realignment of
1265 afloat network infrastructure and services, was formulated by senior Navy leadership working with the
1266 NNFE to fundamentally enhance C4ISR delivery by providing a common, expandable IT infrastructure
1267 afloat. Other areas of concern for Navy leadership are to decrease costs, improve security by
1268 “hardening” (i.e., strengthening) networks, and speed cutting-edge functionality to the Fleet through
1269 rapid technology insertion. The NNFE-validated CANES concept and investment strategy answers those
1270 concerns. The Navy is on course to eliminate legacy applications programs that are at end of life and
1271 cannot keep up with technology, replacing their functionality with modules residing on the common
1272 CANES infrastructure with the ultimate effect of consolidating and migrating afloat networks to a more
1273 secure, responsive environment. To do this, the NNFE has embarked on a multiyear, multiprogram
1274 effort to decouple applications services from underlying hardware.
1275 SOA: An Affordable Future

1276 Not long ago, the Navy was annually spending millions maintaining dozens of disparate networks. Many
1277 of these systems have “tightly coupled” components, which means self-contained system hardware and
1278 software programs are closely engineered together with multiple connections. These “stovepiped”
1279 systems require time and great expense to maintain, and are resistant to technology change. In order to
1280 improve capabilities and reduce IT costs, the Navy and Marine Corps have adopted commercial IT
1281 business enterprise trends embracing SOA, software architecture where functionality is grouped around
1282 business processes and packaged as interoperable, adaptable services. SOA revolves around the concept
1283 of breaking larger software programs (“decoupling”) into smaller, reusable functional components with
1284 common, well-defined interface standards that increase data availability for sharing, scalability, and
1285 reuse (“enterprise” environments). Investments in SOA technology and improved systems engineering
1286 will deliver increased capabilities to the NNFE in a shorter time at reduced cost.
1287 SOA as a NNFE Transformation Tool

1288 The Navy is leading migration away from a producer-centric environment to one that is consumer-
1289 centric (e.g., based on services) in order to facilitate SOA implementation. SOA is a model for
1290 organizing and utilizing distributed capabilities that may be under the control of different resource
1291 sponsors. It provides a method to reduce system development cost and cycle time, shrink the
1292 infrastructure footprint, and increase the quality and availability of services. SOA facilitates the
1293 integration of business processes, rules, and IT into a framework that leverages existing systems to
1294 enable change. Coupled with a new architectural paradigm and a focus on business processes, SOA is
1295 placing more emphasis on cost-effective reuse of system components and data. Integration efforts
1296 decrease, because available functionality on other systems in the DoD enterprise IT portfolio can be
1297 easily located and reused or modified.
31
1298 Consolidation and Synchronization

1299 The NNFE’s SOA “way forward” is an enterprise-wide investment strategy guiding the consolidation
1300 and synchronization of the efforts across the C4I community in developing SOA. As naval forces move
1301 towards NCO, the DoN must increasingly leverage shared services and applications. These services
1302 must be supported by the use of a recognized and accepted set of common standards, rules, and shared
1303 infrastructure that is populated with mission and business services based on authoritative data provided
1304 and used by each resource sponsor. Over the current POM cycle, investments are needed in standards
1305 development and enhancement, governance activities, and application program redesign or replacement.
1306 These investments will show a return not in the Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation (RDT&E)
1307 or procurement accounts, but in the Fleet maintenance accounts, as future engineering changes shift
1308 from hardware to software-centric events.
1309
1310 Additional engineering changes include improved C4I fielding plans synchronization to not only reduce
1311 proliferation of multiple C4I solution sets, but also to coincide with Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD)
1312 and Combat System Advanced Capability Builds (ACBs) to enhance warfighting capability via
1313 improved readiness and interoperability, while reducing risks and costs. Enhanced end-to-end testing,
1314 C4I certification, and improved configuration management will specifically reduce integration and
1315 interoperability risks.
1316 Challenges
1317 The DoN faces a variety of cultural, procedural, and technical challenges in adopting SOA into systems.
1318 Moving from current technology to SOA will require significant emphasis on improved systems
1319 engineering. There are also acquisition and Information Assurance (IA) impacts associated with this
1320 effort. Throughout the DoN, practices, policies, and processes as well as technologies have been
1321 developed to address IT systems in traditional, vertical “information silo” structures incapable of
1322 reciprocal operation with other systems. SOA represents a shift from these IT architectures to horizontal
1323 and dynamic architectures.
1324
1325 On the financial side, traditional investment decisions are based on the relatively narrow window of
1326 current year issues, and cross-account savings are seldom effectively argued. The lifecycle cost impacts
1327 of a SOA-based fleet are substantial, yet the unpredictable nature of IT modernization beyond the Future
1328 Year Defense Plan (FYDP) precludes analysis comparable to predictions based on metal fatigue. The
1329 sheer size and complexity of the DoN and organizational reporting structures also affect response to this
1330 new technology trend. Meeting these challenges is an integral part of the SOA strategy.
1331 Optimum Business and Warfighter Architecture

1332 A DoN enterprise that embraces SOA with rich services does more than effect a technology change; it
1333 also changes the ways in which an enterprise does business and how it executes its mission-critical
1334 objectives. The ability for the DoN to successfully leverage SOA is tightly bound to clear governance
1335 and change management that must coincide with agile business processes. SOA is recognized today as
1336 the optimal architecture for enterprise IT capability development, since it enables an organization to
1337 design for interoperability and re-use.
1338 Benefits of SOA

1339 • Maximum interoperability: platform independent and interface based, SOA eliminates the
1340 constraints that typically burden integration efforts
1341 • Less expensive to maintain: standards (e.g., web services) make it possible for developers to
32
1342 interact with SOA components without having to learn new, proprietary technology
1343 • Reusability: standard interfaces enable new processes to easily reuse existing services-based
1344 applications and even service-enabled legacy systems
1345 • Agility: by enabling services reuse, SOA reduces the time to create new applications.
1346 Applications designed for smoother integration through standard interfaces will enable easier
1347 future capability adaptation to unexpected changes.
1348 • Information and knowledge transfer: by increasing ability to share data, functionality,
1349 processing capability, presentation, and control across technology and POR boundaries,
1350 knowledge is more readily managed and captured
1351
1352 By implementing SOA, the DoN will be able to rapidly create new services and composite applications
1353 across the enterprise in support of business and warfighter requirements. The DoN will use SOA as a
1354 means to reduce duplicative efforts and extract more value from our existing investments by enabling
1355 plug-and-play capability; maximum reuse; ubiquitous information access; data sharing and discovery;
1356 systems consolidation; managed risk; and security standards.
1357 Other Investment Areas

1358 Study and design work continue with the Navy Space and Electronic Warfare (SEW) engineering
1359 investment. Capacity analysis is underway, comparing combat systems networks and C4ISR networks
1360 with an eye to capacity, quality of service (QoS), and responsiveness to ascertain if the Submarine
1361 networking model can be used on other platforms. Submarine networks provide a single backbone for all
1362 network traffic—both information and tactical services, delivering end-to-end NCW capability.
1363
1364 Other investments are growing at a faster pace than the POM cycle itself. Use of broad investment
1365 categories, incremental development acquisition strategies, and active exploration of commercial
1366 technologies is required. Involvement in Humanitarian Assistance /Disaster Response (HA/DR)
1367 missions requires access to commercial services such as Google Earth™ mapping service and similar
1368 sites. Opponents use social networking websites, making such sites valuable intelligence sources.
1369 Consideration of a nonclassified, fully open network is underway, thereby reserving the unclassified
1370 network (NIPRNet), classified network (SIPRNet), and the Joint Worldwide Intelligence
1371 Communications System network (JWICS) as more protected venues. This design follows sound
1372 military practice allowing defense in depth, survivability, and an ability to maintain continuity of
1373 operations even while under stress. It also maintains full access to all parts of the information sphere,
1374 allowing our future Sailors and Marines access to the collaborative tools they need.
1375 HM & E/Combat Systems Network Development

1376 Recently, a study initiated by the Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Research, Development, and
1377 Acquisition (ASN RDA) conducted by the Network Consolidation Study Integrated Product Team
1378 (NCSIPT) examined network consolidation. Modeling and Simulation (M&S) excursions obtained
1379 valuable data for Hull, Mechanical & Electrical (HM&E) network operations. The encouraging study
1380 suggests that a single network is able to perform consolidated network hosting of most shipboard
1381 software applications—both the traditional C4ISR information exchanges and the HM&E data transfer
1382 requirements. Similarly, Combat Systems needs are being analyzed. Consolidated Shipboard networks
1383 that will link shipboard systems across multiple disciplines and embarked Marine Corps platforms are
1384 one of many “Smart Ship” initiatives that optimize manning, while enhancing operational capabilities.
1385 Applications now developed for a specific area—engine monitoring and trending, combat systems track
1386 ambiguity resolution, or parts ordering from an interactive electronic technical manual can be decoupled
1387 from a specific hardware base and made available when needed, where needed. QoS, timeliness of
33
1388 response, and continuity of operations can all be addressed in this growing area of decoupling services
1389 from hardware.
1390
1391 Naval shore-based, in-transit, forward-deployed, and expeditionary operational commanders view
1392 enterprise networks as extensions of their ability to command and control forces. Coalition and
1393 multinational C4I interoperability remains a top priority. Investing in the transformation of naval
1394 networks to achieve architectural realignment with Navy and Marine Corps Enterprise infrastructure
1395 strategies and standards will improve performance efficiencies and resource allocation for better
1396 decision-making.
1397 Success Story

1398 Empowering the Fleet: USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN 72) CSG
1399 The Lincoln Carrier Strike Group (CSG) is participating in the Early Adopter (EA) Program, an
1400 accelerated initiative within the CANES Program. Already underway, the major goal of EAs is to deploy
1401 new elements of the CANES CCE network and ACS into existing shipboard networks. Having a common
1402 environment into which upgraded applications “plug and play” will make it cheaper, easier, and faster
1403 for software, information, and processes to work together. It will reduce network complexity, allowing
1404 for easier multiple upgrades and future improvements. EA technology is improving the lives of Lincoln
1405 CSG warfighters in the following ways:
1406
1407 • Improves automated mission planning support for aircraft, weapons, and sensors between
1408 the Navy and Air Force
1409 • Enhances air and ocean weather data for mission planning
1410 • Integrates near real-time antisubmarine warfare and mine warfare C2 capability
1411 • Enables rapid, reliable, and secure exchange of critical C2 communication
1412 • Improves automated logistics information support for all naval air commands
1413 • Supplies automated disaster recovery to restore services in under one minute
1414 • Accelerates business processes using proven commercial practices and technologies
1415 • Provides more efficient use of physical servers through use of virtualized machines
1416
1417 FORCEnet is the operational construct and architectural framework for naval warfare in the
1418 Information Age, and the EA Program represents a landmark first: installations of CCE hosting and
1419 SOA-enabled technology to naval warfighters. The technology will first deploy on the USS Cape St.
1420 George (CG 71) in March 2009. Full implementation of CANES’ provision of ACS is estimated for
1421 initial production in FY11. This alignment will ensure network integration into a jointly interoperable
1422 and compliant architecture, leading to enhanced network reliability, adaptability, and security in a
1423 decoupled service structure that will greatly improve the warfighting enterprise.
1424 ENHANCE CURRENT CAPABILITY

1425 Naval “Firsts” in Modernizing Communications
1426 Not all information technology investments involve computers or applications. By the very nature of its
1427 dispersed operations, the Navy has required the long-range transmission of information. During the
1428 Revolutionary War, USN Captain Thomas Truxtun pioneered the earliest known book of signal flags for
1429 naval communication: Instructions, Signals, and Explanations Ordered for the United States Fleet
1430 (1797). In the early 20th century, the wireless telephone was first used aboard the ships of the Great
1431 White Fleet to communicate between ships and shore stations on their cruise around the world. In 1945,
34
1432 the Navy made first application of radio relay over-horizon communications possible. In 1961, a
1433 message sent by a ship at Norfolk, Virginia was relayed around the world to Washington, DC by
1434 continuous wave ship relay technology in just three hours, three minutes. Today, 211 years after Captain
1435 Truxtun’s prescient publication, the Navy continues its long history of continually modernizing and
1436 protecting communications. This investment area is crucial to the modernization of a core capability
1437 essential to our Navy.
1438 Operational Flexibility

1439 The forward-deployed, expeditionary character (e.g., widely dispersed and highly mobile) of the Navy
1440 and Marine Corps provides the US with versatile, asymmetric advantage to enlarge or contract military
1441 footprints in areas where access is denied or limited. This traditional Navy/Marine Corps role in national
1442 defense not only maximizes American advantages in high-end technologies and information warfare, but
1443 also creates new demands on networked forces. Unlike hard-wired shore facilities, ships at sea do not
1444 spool off cable connections to Internet access points. The capabilities of future naval forces must be
1445 enhanced today by investments in communication technologies that wirelessly link force assets together
1446 in order to carry out missions in new ways. Investments in state-of-the-art information sharing and
1447 networking technology are one of the most valued NNFE assets, for these technologies comprise the
1448 basic operational backbone for all forms of communications and computing at the heart of FORCEnet—
1449 the networked naval battlespace. Efforts to optimize naval communications in building the foundations
1450 of the high-bandwidth, fully networked future NNE of 2016 have become a warfighting imperative
1451 today.
1452 Information Transport C4I Portfolio

1453 The NNFE network-centric architecture vision requires a robust and high-capacity information transport
1454 capability made up of reliable satellite communications (SATCOM), tactical LOS communications,
1455 extended- and beyond-LOS systems, and Global Positioning Satellite-based (GPS) position, navigation,
1456 and timing services. SPAWAR, PEOs, and Marine Corps Systems Command (MARCORSYSCOM) are
1457 investing in products that support this architecture, providing the warfighter with the C2 tools to execute
1458 the mission.
1459
1460 These are targeted investments. Utilizing corporate management and M&S tools, the NNFE, working
1461 with OPNAV, runs scenarios tied to Major Combat Operation (MCO) pictures to determine best areas
1462 for IT modernization. These tools show bottlenecks, gaps, and overlaps identifying high-impact
1463 investment opportunities to improve warfighting capability in the communications realm. Additional
1464 investments in improving reliability and human system interfaces simplify program logistics and reduce
1465 manning requirements, thus improving efficiencies while lowering costs.
1466
1467 The NNFE is investing in several programs with the goal of increased capability and reliability to
1468 support the Information Transport mission:
1469
1470 • Navy Multiband Terminal (NMT) Program: A fourth-generation Navy SATCOM terminal
1471 replacing three legacy terminals with one terminal that satisfies wideband, protected, and broadcast
1472 SATCOM requirements. NMT will communicate with Advanced Extremely High Frequency
1473 (AEHF) and Wideband Global SATCOM (WGS) satellites. The WGS constellation has begun
1474 fielding and investments in the planned eight-satellite constellation will greatly increase available
1475 bandwidth in the X and Ka bands, improving communications and data exchange.
1476
1477 • Commercial Broadband Satellite Program (CBSP): A Rapid Deployment Capability (RDC)
35
1478 replaces the legacy Commercial Wideband Satellite Communication Program (CWSP) and
1479 International Marine/Maritime Satellites (INMARSAT) with new terminals to dynamically manage
1480 bandwidth resources. CBSP will provide greater Military Satellite Communications (MILSATCOM)
1481 augmentation, backup, and Quality of Life (QoL) services to the Fleet at reduced cost.
1482
1483 • Mobile Networking Highband (MNH) Initiative: A pillar of the Navy Tactical Networking (NTN)
1484 architecture that will provide a general purpose, wideband, nonSATCOM-based, LOS- and
1485 extended-LOS communications link designed to operate in an open ocean environment to manned
1486 and unmanned air, surface, submarine, and shore platforms
1487
1488 • GPS-Based Position, Navigation, and Timing Service (GPNTS) Program: The next-generation
1489 of GPS- based PNT shipboard systems that will provide common frames of reference to improve
1490 weapon systems performance and security, navigation and safety, and enhance situational awareness
1491
1492 • Mobile User Objective System (MUOS) Program: PEO Space Systems is investing in upgrading
1493 the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) SATCOM portfolio to satisfy increasing demand for tactical
1494 satellite communications. MUOS will become the common denominator for C2, providing capability
1495 to communicate from tactical to theater levels, to allies and coalition partners, and between defense
1496 and nondefense agencies. Once in service, MUOS SATCOM will support a worldwide, multiservice
1497 population of mobile and fixed-site terminal users with simultaneous voice, video, and data
1498 communications. The MUOS constellation will achieve on-orbit capability between FY10 and
1499 FY13, with the MUOS legacy payload continuing to provide interoperability with legacy terminals.
1500 National Security Space Enterprise

1501 The Navy relies heavily on space systems to carry out its mission. In accordance with the Naval Space
1502 Policy, the Navy Space Team will work collaboratively with joint, interagency, and international space
1503 communities to ensure future space capabilities support maritime operations. Naval participation in the
1504 National Security Space (NSS) Enterprise will build upon the 50-year partnership between the DoN and
1505 the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO). The Navy Space Team will build and maintain an excellent
1506 space cadre; integrate space into naval combat systems; support requirements development for future
1507 space capabilities; improve technologies for warfighting support and global Maritime Domain
1508 Awareness (MDA).
1509
1510 As the Navy plans future space architectures, it will advocate for systems that protect space assets and
1511 offer more wide-area surveillance in the maritime domain. Future naval space priorities will also include
1512 strategies for mitigating the vulnerabilities of space systems, and preparing the Fleet to operate in a
1513 contested information environment, where space assets as well as the network infrastructure are at risk.
1514 JTRS Program

1515 One of the most valued military investments that will address key shortfalls in ground domain
1516 communication capabilities is the Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) family of tactical Software-
1517 Defined Radios (SDR). This DoD-wide program is working towards replacing older existing legacy
1518 radios with multiple, wireless software-based radio types (e.g., handheld, ground-mobile, airborne, and
1519 maritime) with open system architecture that enables technology insertion/reuse for easier
1520 customization/reuse, improved interoperability, and greater security. Investments in JTRS will enable
1521 widespread radio access among warfighters in forward-deployed ground combat units within the “last
1522 tactical mile” to networked, multiple-weapon-system platforms. Navy investment in JTRS is focused on
1523 delivering MUOS-capable Manpack and Maritime-Fixed terminals to the Fleet and providing the
36
1524 Multifunctional Information Distribution System (MIDS) JTRS terminals to support a future airborne
1525 Advanced Tactical Data Link.
1526 Linking Warriors to the GIG

1527 As secure wireless Mobile Ad hoc Networking (MANET) technology matures over the next five years,
1528 the goal is to provide all branches of the military with secure, IP-based datalinks that allow ground-, air-,
1529 and sea-based users to rapidly transmit voice, video, and high-speed digital data supplied by linking
1530 radio operators to the networked firepower of the GIG.
1531
1532 JTRS, High-Frequency Internet Protocol (HFIP), Mobile Networking High Band (HNW), and Airborne
1533 Networking are critical components of the DoD network-centric transformation effort to realize the
1534 FORCEnet principles of shared situation awareness, resource exploitation, speed of command,
1535 synchronized execution, and agility for naval, joint, coalition, and disaster response personnel. In order
1536 to transform information into decisive effects, investments should continue to support warfighters need
1537 for direct access to networked resources that support their missions, particularly in applying critical fire
1538 effects to achieve overall battlefield superiority.
1539 CENTRIXS-M Program

1540 The Combined Enterprise Regional Information Exchange System Maritime (CENTRIXS-M) is a C2
1541 communications network developed by the Navy that gives US and allied ships the ability to
1542 communicate with each other. Answering one of the highest-priority Combatant Commander (COCOM)
1543 requirements, investments in CENTRIXS-M provide text chat, email, and voice data over a secure
1544 channel with allied nations and their forces. Using a mix of commercial radios, satellite phones, and
1545 computers, the system is an innovative example of cost-effective COTS technology designed to be
1546 affordable and easily customized by allies. CENTRIXS-M forms the network backbone and global
1547 infrastructure for coalition and multinational C4I interoperability, and is a key enabler of Maritime
1548 Domain Awareness (MDA). Information collaboration across coalition, nontraditional partners, and
1549 other major players is a key component of future naval capability.
1550 Success Story
1551 Multiplying Bandwidth on Ships

1552 ADNS Program
1553 ADNS is the mobile WAN program for the Navy that provides a worldwide ship-to-shore and ship-to-
1554 ship communications network. ADNS is the key interface for efficient routing and transferring
1555 information on and off ships. Over the next POM, the Navy will be investing in implementing ADNS
1556 Increment III technology to accomplish the following goals:
1557
1558 • More than double existing ADNS bandwidth capacity in current network resources, while
1559 conserving limited satellite bandwidth for high-priority uses
1560 • Launch ADNS NetOps management software, which will allow users to manually configure
1561 bandwidth quickly to accommodate mission priority. For example, a C2 ship with bandwidth
1562 priority can quickly transfer that bandwidth to a ship with more immediate need—for instance,
1563 one engaged in a maritime interdiction mission that requires high-volume intelligence data, fast.
1564 • Optimize and expand bandwidth for new programs, more terminals, and multiple
1565 communication links
1566 • Coordinate ADNS integration with joint networks and incoming programs for interoperability
37
1567 • Strengthen cipher text and IP core network architecture and plan next-generation future ADNS
1568 capability for shipboard LANS, smaller aircraft, and unmanned aerial vehicles
1569 Streamlining Via DMR Program

1570 The Navy continuously seeks to deploy new communications technology in order to increase
1571 commonality and sharing among surface ships and submarines. Unique to the Navy is solving the
1572 problem of streamlining multiple antennas and radar clutter on masts and legacy network consoles
1573 below decks, all of which are competing for limited bandwidth in a limited real estate environment.
1574 Recognizing that shipboard electronic systems must support multiple mission scenarios, the Navy has
1575 turned to the Digital Modular Radio (DMR), a precursor of JTRS and the standard radio set for UHF
1576 SATCOM and LOS communications throughout the Navy. These transceivers are being installed on
1577 nearly every new construction vessel requiring UHF SATCOM and LOS communications capabilities
1578 and provide a needed narrow-band solution. Capable of using many antennas depending upon the
1579 frequency of interest, DMR starts to solve the below-decks space concern.
1580 CBSP and NMT Program Enhancements

1581 Above decks, the capacity of the existing antennas to transfer data must be increased. The Navy will
1582 further enhance shipboard broadband communications in FY11-FY13 through the CBSP and NMT
1583 Programs. The CBSP Program will significantly increase throughput capability (amount of data [bps]
1584 transferred in a specific amount of time) to ships at sea with commercial on-orbit capacity, while using a
1585 common terminal below-decks for all military assets via the NMT. These enhancements will increase
1586 the Quality of Life (QoL) for Sailors by greatly expanding their ability to communicate using wideband
1587 SATCOM. A valued Navy requirement, CBSP is a Rapid Deployment Capability (RDC) acquisition
1588 projected for installation on 232 surface ships, with 81 installations funded within the current FYDP.
1589 Larger ships, such as cruisers and destroyers, are currently undergoing installation with larger ships,
1590 such as carriers and amphibious assault ships slated for first installations in late 2009.
1591
1592 The NMT Program is providing the bandwidth efficiency that allows naval information networks to
1593 extend seamlessly from individual ships and submarines to other networks around the globe. NMT
1594 replaces three separate systems currently deployed, extending the submarine and shipboard capability
1595 from EHF waveforms to AEHF, and providing global broadcast system services. These communication
1596 investments are maximizing use of limited bandwidth, contributing to mission effectiveness while
1597 enhancing QoL.
1598 Investments in IPv6

1599 A hidden issue for most of the naval population is the technical transition from IP version 4, which the
1600 majority of the world now uses, to the new IP version 6 (IPv6). With the Internet population continuing
1601 to increase, the physical “address space” of the Internet itself will run out near 2011. As with any scarce
1602 resource, this will result in rationing, sales of scarce assets, and individual addresses fragmenting from
1603 what today is a somewhat orderly structure. Given that the bulk of our communications is evolving to
1604 depend upon IPs, this fragmentation will potentially result in large-scale routing and communications
1605 failures. The Navy has made strides in making this transition, evidenced by testing IPv6 networks in our
1606 lab environments. While this is often seen as a “geek-speak” technical issue, Navy investments in IPv6
1607 are critical.
38
1608 FUTURE ALIGNMENT

1609 NNFE Defending Cyberspace
1610 Cyberspace is increasingly critical and inseparable from our national defense interests, and the first shots
1611 have already been fired across the global battlespace. The Navy and Marine Corps are investing in
1612 protecting and expanding future capability in the information domain, for cyberspace is a domain like
1613 land, sea, air, and space: it must be defended.
1614
1615 Cyber operations include more than network warfare operations. Terrorists are using IEDs in Iraq and
1616 Afghanistan and GPS and SATCOM technology. Adversaries conduct Internet financial transactions and
1617 engage in radar and navigational jamming, as well as attacking networks. Adversarial denial of the
1618 cyberspace to US military operations could significantly reduce our capabilities. Naval forces must be
1619 properly equipped, fully prepared, and ever vigilant to protect against an electronic Pearl Harbor. The
1620 NNFE has been organizing for successful domination of cyberspace. Investments in organizational
1621 changes are every bit as critical as investments in technology advances to outpace the threat. The NNFE
1622 has made significant organizational changes in the Fleet, OPNAV, and the acquisition community to
1623 increase the speed, agility, and governance of the cyber domain.
1624
1625 Navy Cyber Defense Operations Command (NCDOC) is the service provider with responsibility for the
1626 Computer Network Defense (CND) mission across all Navy networks – afloat, ONE-Net, and NMCI
1627 (NGEN). NCDOC is the Navy’s interface to the joint warfighting community, with direct reporting
1628 responsibilities to Joint Task Force – Global Network Operations (JTF-GNO) under Commander, US
1629 Strategic Command (CDRUSSTRATCOM). The Marine Corps Network Operations and Security
1630 Command (MCNOSC) manages the Marine Corps global network operations and CND of the MCEN.
1631 Fleet Alignment

1632 The Navy recognized in 2002 that it must invest in training, organizing, and equipping a cyber force to
1633 deliver the full range of military effects in cyberspace. That year, more than 20 organizations from
1634 several commands were brought together to form a cyber domain, Naval Network Warfare Command
1635 (NETWARCOM), emphasizing focus on computer networks. NETWARCOM is the Navy’s cyber
1636 domain lead as the Type Commander (TYCOM) for Networks, Information Operations (IO), Space, and
1637 Intelligence, and provides systems and trained personnel to effectively operate, maintain, and defend
1638 these systems.
1639
1640 NETWARCOM responsibilities have increased in size, scope, and complexity since 2002. In October
1641 2008, the command added integration of fleet intelligence TYCOM functions into the command’s
1642 hybrid portfolio of operations, which include full spectrum C4I. Further, NETWARCOM established a
1643 tailored MOC that supports global network operations, and provides 24/7 reach back capability to the
1644 fleet and shore commanders worldwide. The Navy will continue investments in delivering the right
1645 technology to the Fleet quickly by improving efficiencies and harnessing the full potential of fiber optics
1646 to enhance future naval capability.
1647 The Cyber Workforce

1648 More than 14,000 active and reserve Sailors and civilians work together to align and coordinate the links
1649 in the cyber warfare chain. Their ultimate task is to ensure warfighters and their commanders have the
1650 information they need, when they need it, in order to make and execute decisions in an increasingly fast-
1651 paced, network-centric battlespace. NETWARCOM serves as the community sponsor for the restricted
39
1652 line officer communities known as Information Professionals (IP) and Information Warfare (IW)
1653 Officers. IPs and IWOs are directly involved in every aspect of Navy operations, and deploy worldwide
1654 to support Navy and joint warfighting requirements. They provide critical information to tactical-,
1655 theater-, and national-level decision makers, serving from sea, air, and shore commands around the
1656 world. OPNAV N6 and NETWARCOM manage the training, qualifications, and career progression of
1657 these communities and will play a similar role with enlisted Intelligence Specialists (IS).
1658
1659 Headquarters (HQ) Marine Corps (MC) C4 is leading an effort, with the support of the Training and
1660 Education Command (TECOM) and the MCNOSC, to create a C4 Training and Education Center of
1661 Excellence that will provide Staff Noncommissioned Officers (SNCOs) and field-grade officers with the
1662 requisite skill to perform as joint, combined, and MAGTF network planners.
1663
1664 USMC cyber force actions include creation of an Alternate Military Occupational Specialty (AMOS)
1665 9934 for USMC IO, and IO Capabilities Integration Officer at the Marine Corps Combat Development
1666 Command (MCCDC), and IO staff officer positions filled by Special Education Program graduates of
1667 the Naval Postgraduate School. In response to COCOM calls to prioritize IO integration into joint
1668 warfighting missions, USMC will stand up the Marine Corps Information Operations Center (MCIOC)
1669 in Quantico, Virginia in 2009. MCIOC will provide full-spectrum and readily accessible USMC IO
1670 resources to the MAGTF.
1671 OPNAV and Acquisition Community Alignment

1672 The Navy has not only aligned its Fleet organization, but also the CNO staff and acquisition community
1673 to better support and lead the threat in cyberspace. The Secretary of the Navy (SECNAV) recently
1674 created a new Assistant Chief of Naval Operations (ACNO) System Program Office position in October
1675 2008 to ensure NGEN will be more reliable, secure, and responsive to the DoN network requirements,
1676 and to synchronize authority for resources, requirements, operations, acquisition, and technical
1677 authorization. NGEN is the follow-on program to the Navy Marine Corps Intranet (NMCI) when the
1678 current contract transitions September 30, 2010, and is an essential component of the DoN's continuing
1679 investments in building the integrated naval networks that comprise the future NNE.
1680
1681 NGEN SPO
1682 The new directorate, the NGEN System Program Office (SPO), will coordinate continued service for
1683 existing shore and garrison networks, support consolidation of legacy networks, and direct the transition
1684 to NGEN while providing implementation oversight. NGEN SPO reorganization emphasizes Navy and
1685 Marine Corps commitment to an integrated network environment so vital to effective cyberspace
1686 operations.
1687 Network Governance

1688 On October 30, 2008 CNO formally chartered the Navy Information Technology Management Council
1689 (ITMC) as the senior IT and Information Management (IM) Flag and SES-level decision forum for the
1690 Navy. The ITMC will ensure Navy coherence and synchronization of all computer requirements,
1691 programming, and acquisition in support of cyberspace dominance across all mission areas of the GIG.
1692 This includes Warfighting, Business, Enterprise Information, Environment, and Intelligence across all
1693 Joint Capability Areas (JCAs). Investments in analytical tools complement this governance body,
1694 allowing databased investment decisions to influence the entire force.
40
1695 Intelligence Investments

1696 CNO elevated the Director of Naval Intelligence (DNI) to vice-admiral rank, placing the Navy's senior
1697 intelligence officer on par with the other Services, thus significantly enhancing Navy influence over
1698 intelligence requirements. The elevation of DNI and the establishment of NETWARCOM as the ISR
1699 TYCOM will have significant impact on current and future readiness for information dominance and
1700 cyber operations.
1701
1702 NETWARCOM assumed TYCOM man, train, and equip responsibilities for Navy Intelligence on
1703 October 1, 2008. The objective is to make it easier for intelligence personnel to focus on operational,
1704 real-world intelligence issues and allow NETWARCOM to focus on ensuring the force is mission ready.
1705
1706 The Intel TYCOM is designed to work ISR issues across the other warfare areas. NETWARCOM is the
1707 Fleet advocate for all Navy ISR capabilities and readiness. Previously, there has not been a single
1708 TYCOM responsible for the provision of Fleet Intelligence readiness, nor a single Fleet voice or
1709 advocate for ISR. This alignment provides the framework to implement these roles within
1710 NETWARCOM, adding coherency to the current Fleet organizational structure for gathering ISR
1711 readiness across all naval warfare areas to keep pace with the increasingly complex and dynamic
1712 potential threat environments of the future.
1713
1714 NETWARCOM will lead the delivery of synchronized and integrated intelligence manpower,
1715 equipment, and training to the Fleet, naval Component Commanders (NCCs), and the other Navy
1716 TYCOMS. Alignment of Fleet Intelligence Type Commander authorities, missions, functions, and tasks
1717 at NETWARCOM nests intelligence capabilities with complementary capabilities of Network
1718 Operations, IO, and Space. Additionally, the realignment of intelligence functions under
1719 NETWARCOM will create synergy by collocating the management infrastructure for related network
1720 functions (traditionally a key part of intelligence), IW, the 1610 cryptologic community, and the Navy
1721 space community.
1722
1723 Finally, from the Fleet enterprise perspective, the establishment of the Fleet Intelligence Officer at
1724 NETWARCOM and the position of Director of Fleet Intelligence (DFI) provides for a single entity
1725 within the NNFE as the advocate for Fleet intelligence requirements (i.e., manpower, personnel,
1726 training, and equipment) across the Fleet Readiness Enterprise (FRE).
1727 Experimentation Investments Lead to Innovation

1728 Navy and NNFE are investing in experimentation, concept, and CONOPS development to instill a
1729 culture of innovation in the Fleet and outpace the current and future threat. This year, CNO changed
1730 Navy approach to concept generation and development by assigning this critical task to the Naval
1731 Warfare Development Command (NWDC) and by emphasizing renewed focus on concepts at the
1732 operational level of war. This places NWDC as Navy lead for Sea Trial experimentation, as well as
1733 concept development for CNO and USFFC. The NNFE has also invested in and co-evolved its
1734 experimentation and CONOPS efforts to keep pace with CNO direction and to lead the Navy in cyber
1735 experimentation and innovation. SPAWAR SSCs also participate in experimentation; e.g., SSC Pacific
1736 is the alternate command center for ballistic missile defense trials.
1737
1738 To summarize, while the bulk of reorganization work represents future investments of time and existing
1739 manpower, many of the operational budget lines require increases to meet demand. For example, the
1740 transition of NMCI networks (provided by a contractor) to naval operational control of what has become
1741 an essential part of our operational fabric under the NGEN concept will require substantial increases in
41
1742 funding to support long-term NGEN strategies and implementation plans. Naval Space-based capability
1743 and cyber-warfare enhancements are continually undergoing refinement via today’s real-world
1744 experience on the front lines. The need for close coupling of activities with intelligence assets and
1745 capability in real time are just a few examples that represent substantial investment requirements over
1746 the course of the next several years.
1747 OPERATIONALIZE C2
1748 Investments in Naval Expeditionary C2
1749 “Command and Control” (C2) is the means and methods by which a commander recognizes what needs to
1750 be done in any situation and see that appropriate actions are taken faster than the enemy can react. Maritime
1751 Domain Awareness (MDA)–the effective understanding of anything associated with the maritime domain
1752 that could affect the security, safety, economy, or environment of a nation–is a supporting element in the
1753 ability to conduct effective C2.
1754
1755 More than two decades ago, in response to lessons learned from previous wars, senior government leaders
1756 recognized that investing in a joint force working in tandem would build the most effective future military
1757 force. Since the landmark Goldwater-Nichols DoD Reorganization Act of 1986 changed in the way DoD
1758 operates by centralizing operational authority through the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs, effective joint
1759 operations have now become commonplace. Naval forces have been called upon to conduct a wide variety
1760 of missions, ranging from war prevention, crisis response, civil-military operations, counterinsurgency, and
1761 irregular warfare. Navy and Marine Corps strategy therefore shifted away from blue water open-ocean
1762 warfighting and toward joint operations from the sea, implicitly recognizing that sea control was a means to
1763 an end—namely, the projection of power ashore. Building on this vision, throughout the 1990s, naval
1764 experimental simulations and wargames (e.g., Global Title X) yielded valuable data from continuing
1765 investments in transforming naval operational planning as a joint force commander. Unique naval
1766 challenges in accommodating the very vastness of the world’s oceans are now being considered in
1767 multiservice forums.
1768
1769 Preserving naval C2 superiority is essential. Gaps in C2 capabilities studied in the wake of the September
1770 11, 2001 attacks and in operations ENDURING FREEDOM (OEF), IRAQI FREEDOM (OIF), as well as
1771 Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief (HA/DR) missions during Hurricane Katrina indicated rapid,
1772 consistent, and shared situational understanding was needed at all command levels, particularly at the
1773 operational level.
1774 The Sea as Maneuver Space: Seabasing

1775 Naval investment in improving C2 capability advanced with the Globally Networked Joint Force
1776 Maritime Command Centers, which enhanced Navy capability in operational planning and performance
1777 as a joint force maritime commander to enable joint naval power projection from the sea. Today, there is
1778 a growing recognition among the US and its international partners that many current problems require
1779 solutions that involve coordinated application of all elements of national and multinational power, often
1780 applied in concert with other organizations. Continuous investments in the concept of Seabasing, the
1781 ability to conduct at-sea transfer of Sailors, Marines, and supplies to ships and shores without reliance
1782 on land bases, will be a key critical enabler for future naval capability in deploying and sustaining joint
1783 forces from the sea.
42
1784 Strategic Collaborative Alignment

1785 The National Strategy for Maritime Security (2005) and A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century
1786 Seapower (2007) recognize the economic links of the global system, and how any disruption due to
1787 regional crises can adversely affect the U.S. economy and quality of life. These new strategies
1788 emphasize military collaboration with international partners to prevent crises from occurring, or reacting
1789 quickly should one occur to avoid negative impacts to today’s complex security environment. For
1790 example, these strategies can be applied against Somali pirates off the Horn of Africa who are disrupting
1791 commercial and noncommercial maritime activity in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean. Over the past
1792 12 years, US forces have increasingly been committed around the globe to conduct fast-paced operations
1793 on short notice, and the Navy and Marine Corps are often first with forces on station. Therefore, naval
1794 forces desire flexible approaches to task organization and command arrangements with reachback
1795 (backward access from forward positions) if needed to higher headquarters with larger reservoirs of
1796 knowledge, experience, and information available in real time or near-real time.
1797 Maritime Operations Center (MOC)

1798 Operational level C2 requires an effective operational HQ trained, equipped, and experienced with
1799 established processes to execute an approved doctrine for joint operations. The MOC concept has
1800 emerged as a global naval initiative that equips, accredits, and certifies Navy Component Command
1801 (CC) and Numbered Fleets with standardized organization, processes, and a globally networked
1802 architecture. These elements support Navy CCs assigned operational-level C2 responsibilities, as either
1803 a Joint Force Maritime Component Commander (JFMCC) or a Commander, Joint Task Force (CJTF).
1804 The goal is to enable staffs to make a seamless transition from a normal peacetime posture to major
1805 combat or disaster relief operations on a regional or global level, while ensuring normal Fleet
1806 management functions. Operational staffs do not execute missions themselves, but task tactical forces,
1807 and then monitor the operation. Recently, significant progress has been made in concept validation,
1808 metrics establishment, and process implementation operationally tested by the Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh
1809 Fleets, with accreditations earned. The FY2009 budget provides investment dollars to support MOCs,
1810 and future investments are necessary to sustain and grow these achievements.
1811 “Plug-and-Fight” C2
1812 Modeled on a C2 philosophy of centralized guidance, collaborative planning, and decentralized
1813 execution, MOCs have the flexibility to rapidly transition from fixed, shore-based HQs to a variety of
1814 platforms afloat, or combinations thereof. For example, C4I systems information requirements for
1815 MOCs will vary; what is needed during a regional conflict or a small special operation can be
1816 dramatically different from what is required for HA/DR missions. This restructuring initiative comes in
1817 a time when the maritime commander may need to command forces (Marine Corps, and possibly Army)
1818 not just on/underneath the sea and the air above it, but over areas such as islands, peninsulas, and farther
1819 inland.
1820
1821 Development of MOCs is one of Commander, US Fleet Forces (USFF) highest-priority projects. MOC
1822 development is a global effort, requiring all numbered Fleets and NCCs to co-evolve this concept to
1823 ensure creation of a globally netted capability that meets the demands and challenges of the President’s
1824 National Strategy for Maritime Security.
1825 Trident Warrior FY09

1826 MOC accreditation and certification requires individual and team training and exercises to create and
1827 maintain operational proficiency. Trident Warrior is NETWARCOM’s annual experimental exercise
43
1828 performed under real-world operating conditions at sea, a dynamic environment to evaluate technologies
1829 and lessons learned. The FY09 exercise will evaluate routine MOC-to-MOC collaboration, responses to
1830 transregional threats, and MDA delivery through a multicollaborative environment. The joint venture
1831 will be held in the Atlantic Second and Sixth Fleet operating areas in conjunction with the US Coast
1832 Guard (USCG); Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA); Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United
1833 Kingdom, and the USA; and other allied/coalition participants.
1834 MOC Enhancements

1835 Through continued investments across the POM cycle, MOCs will standardize with flexibility for
1836 regional requirements. Initial Navy investments in design and architecture will converge MOCs to
1837 common C4I systems and software tools. In the future, the Navy may consider further enhancements to
1838 power projection and mobility by installing MOC capability aboard ships such as carriers and large-deck
1839 amphibious ships, in addition to C2 ships. The Navy is investing in building common mission sets that
1840 are scalable for operational tasks, networking MOCs into existing global network connectivity, with the
1841 goal to globally network all MOCs into a collaborative maritime assessment, planning, and execution
1842 community. As the MOC concept matures, the pace of warfighting readiness will accelerate and naval
1843 capability will be greatly enhanced.
1844 Deployable Joint C2

1845 The Deployable Joint (DJ) C2 system is a major DoD IT investment in robust modular, scalable, and
1846 reconfigurable system of systems which enables a Joint Force Commander (JFC) to set up a self-
1847 contained, secure, computer network-enabled temporary maritime C2 headquarters facility anywhere in
1848 the world within 6-24 hours. Utilizing a fielded DJC2 system with the Joint Communications Support
1849 Element (JCSE), a commander and staff can securely communicate with partners globally across five
1850 different networks, including access to the GIG. This powerful C2 capability enables VTC in remote
1851 locations, where a fully integrated C2/collaboration software tool suite can be used to plan and execute
1852 missions.
1853
1854 DJC2 also includes additional specialized configurations designed to support a commander's need for C2
1855 in specialized circumstances, which include a "suitcase" communications suite that can be hand-carried
1856 on short notice by a first responder or control team, and a small, air-certified headquarters suite, which
1857 can operate aboard a military aircraft while in flight. Investments in DJC2 are vital in providing a
1858 commander with significant operational flexibility in platform choice that best meets the mission need,
1859 reducing force self defense or manpower requirements, and number of forces in harm's way.
1860 MDA Program

1861 DoD defines the maritime domain as the “oceans, seas, bays, estuaries, islands, coastal areas, and the
1862 airspace above these, including the littorals.” Numerous strategies require the coupling of global
1863 maritime intelligence integration efforts with situational awareness of the maritime domain. This
1864 includes battlespace awareness and the observation/orientation phases of the C2 process that depends on
1865 ISR capabilities. It also includes MDA, which results in the ability to obtain full situational awareness of
1866 all ships (military and commercial, own force, allies, and others), cargo, aircraft, and their operational
1867 patterns within the maritime domain.
1868
1869 A key element of MDA is the ability to effectively track merchant shipping at home and abroad. The
1870 Sea Services are investing in improving integration of current systems and sensors that will integrate
1871 information from disparate sources into a common picture and database, which will make data available
1872 to all individuals or agencies having an interest in ship tracking and related information. Information can
44
1873 be accessed in Google Earth™ mapping service displays, complete with tracks and destinations, 3-D
1874 models of ship types, vessel photos, and other detailed information. The key benefit will be automated,
1875 easier, and improved merchant shipping tracking and identification with early warning of suspicious
1876 activity for further analysis or onboard inspections. Headquarters commands must be able to share
1877 aspects of MDA with other commands, and can improve global awareness through technology,
1878 professional training, and information sharing. In accordance with SECNAV directives from 2008,
1879 various Navy, interagency, and allied partner locations now have MDA capability, including MOCs.
1880 ISR and C2 Program Portfolio

1881 Investments in ISR programs provide naval forces with the critical C2 capabilities to collect, process,
1882 exploit, and disseminate information regarding an adversary’s capability and intent, affecting a
1883 commander’s possible courses of action. ISR uses surveillance to systematically observe the area of
1884 operations by visual, aural, electronic, photographic, or other means. Investments in the naval ISR
1885 portfolio will provide timely imminent threat warning, support effective tactical over-watch of combat
1886 forces, and enable rapid response. Due to the vastness of terrain and ocean, joint interoperability is also a
1887 central theme across many different technology boundaries. While much of this work is conducted
1888 within the classified domain and inappropriate for inclusion in this document, some of the unclassified
1889 work key to naval investments in this area are detailed below.
1890
1891 • Automatic Identification System (AIS) Program: A commercial shipboard broadcast system that
1892 identifies vessels in an information-sharing environment. Since fishing vessels are not currently
1893 required to carry AIS transponders, current AIS data will not aid in detecting or sorting the legitimate
1894 fishing/merchant traffic from the drug runner or terrorist. The USCG is working on developing tools
1895 to integrate intelligence information with sorting criteria and anomaly detection software for each
1896 unique operating location to establish an operationally effective MDA picture.
1897
1898 • Joint Tactical Terminal (JTT) Program: Provides a seamless, near-real-time tactical intelligence,
1899 targeting, and situational awareness information. The JTT provides the critical data link to battle
1900 managers, intelligence centers, air defense, fire support elements, and aviation nodes across all services.
1901
1902 • Distributed Common Ground System-Navy (DCGS-N) Program: Provides ISR and Targeting
1903 (ISR&T) system support for naval Sea Strike and Sea Basing. DCGS-N will receive and process
1904 multiple data streams from various ISR sources to provide time-critical aim points and intelligence
1905 products in support of the MOC Program. It will enhance the warfighter’s COP and MDA.
1906
1907 DCGS-N merges ISR support into a web-enabled, Net-Centric, Joint-interoperable enterprise, making
1908 ISR data visible, accessible, and understandable. The Navy plans to invest in procuring 34 systems
1909 from fiscal 2007-2010. As a part of the transformation to open architecture (OA) system, DCGS-N
1910 will migrate to SOA and CCE provided by CANES’ ACS.
1911
1912 • DCGS-N Block One will be installed on all aircraft carriers, amphibious assault ships, and
1913 fleet command ships during FY2009-2011 to replace the legacy systems
1914 • Block Two will be fielded primarily as ISR&T software applications via CANES starting FY2012
1915
1916 • Global Command and Control System-Maritime (GCCS-M) Program: The current POR for
1917 Navy C2. The primary role of GCCS-M is to provide real-time (or near real-time) planning,
1918 execution and situational awareness of the battlefield environment for combatant commanders,
1919 tactical decision-makers and warfighters. The objective of the GCCS-M program is to satisfy Fleet
45
1920 C4I requirements through the rapid and efficient development and fielding of centrally managed C4I
1921 capability. The GCCS-M system comprises four main variants: Ashore, Afloat, Tactical/Mobile and
1922 Multilevel Security (MLS) that together provides C2 information to warfighters in all naval
1923 environments.
1924
1925 • Net-Enabled Command Capability (NECC) Program: A new-start Joint C2 program led by the
1926 Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) focused on providing commanders and warfighters
1927 with interoperable, web-enabled, timely information to make effective decisions. NECC also will
1928 provide new C2 enhancements into a fully integrated, collaborative Joint solution. NECC is DoD’s
1929 principal future C2 capability that will be accessible in a net-centric environment. This approach is
1930 consistent with proposed design paths for FORCEnet, NCO, and the Global Information Grid–
1931 Enterprise Services (GIG-ES).
1932 Transitioning C2 and ISR to SOA

1933 With converging networks and decoupling services through employment of a SOA construct, automated
1934 information systems such as C2 and ISR can be quickly developed to facilitate plug-and-play
1935 information access and sharing to allow dynamic, agile collaboration and accelerated decision making
1936 for warfighters amid unprecedented quantities of operational data. The ability to collect, analyze, and act
1937 rapidly on ISR information is essential to their ability to make decisions and take actions inside the
1938 enemy’s C2 timeline. These automated information systems can be built to use SOA-enabling services.
1939 The resultant systems, once deployed in the afloat environment will render to naval forces a set of
1940 common and recomposable (e.g., “My Watch Station”) services to improve information sharing among
1941 Navy and Marine Corps forces, essential to mission readiness and combat effectiveness. Continued
1942 investments in SOA by the Navy and Marine Corps are bringing warfighters the C2 tools they need to
1943 improve battlespace awareness, increase agility, and enhance mission responsiveness. Moving forward,
1944 the Navy continues investing in transitioning C2 capability to the SOA-enabled Navy GCCS-M system.
1945
1946 Marine Corps SOA segments into two elements: Enterprise and Warfighter/Tactical. USMC is moving
1947 forward with MCEITS, the enterprise services component of the MAGTF C2 construct. Currently,
1948 MCEITS is closing the communications gap between Marine Corps legacy IT architecture and the
1949 emerging SOA-based DoD network-centric infrastructure to better enable information access and
1950 collaboration.
1951 Persistent Surveillance

1952 Investments in operationalizing C2 are as crucial as discovering and fielding new products and services.
1953 Communications, sensing, and the ability to effectively route information to those who need it continues
1954 to be a core requirement of the DoN. Naval forces will significantly increase ISR ability to detect,
1955 classify, and track targets in support of integrated undersea, surface, and air warfare by investing in
1956 upgrading the capability and connectivity among sensors, surveillance systems, and other nodes in the
1957 battlespace, expanding, and enhancing the surveillance aperture through the power of the network. This
1958 includes improving connectivity to undersea, surface, airborne, and spaceborne nodes. These
1959 technologies will enable information dominance leading to decision superiority by putting critical
1960 information into the hands of the warfighter, at the right time, in the right place.
1961
1962 An example of this expanded aperture is the Broad Area Maritime Surveillance Unmanned Aircraft
1963 System (BAMS UAS), an endurance vehicle with worldwide access to supply continuous information in
1964 near-real time at extended ranges to the joint force. BAMS will conduct open-ocean and littoral
1965 surveillance of targets as small as exposed submarine periscopes, significantly enhancing ground as well
46
1966 as sea-surface pictures. This maritime ISR will provide a commander with a persistent, reliable picture
1967 of surface threats, while minimizing the need to put manned assets in harms way to execute surveillance
1968 and reconnaissance tasks. In its Sea Shield FORCEnet role, BAMS UAS on-station persistence enables
1969 unmatched MDA of the battlespace by sustaining the maritime COP for surface warfare, Overseas
1970 Contingency Operations, and homeland defense. Scheduled IOC is FY2014.
1971
1972 In summary, as NNFE investments in operationalizing C2 continue, by 2014 naval and joint forces will
1973 share globally networked HQ commands with MOCs in an agile, secure, and enterprise C2 network. It
1974 will be capable of supporting instantaneous cyber network requirements from normal and routine Fleet
1975 management through Navy component, joint, and coalition maritime components to joint task force
1976 responsibilities. Capable of transitioning from shore-through-the-air-and-the-sea to expeditionary
1977 locations forward ashore, this responsive cyber-secure managed network will be capable of leveraging
1978 the entire Naval Enterprise to deliver real-time transformational capability to commanders across the
1979 range of military and humanitarian operations.
1980 Success Story

1981 NCW Exemplified: Task Force 50
1982 On September 11, 2001 the USS Carl Vinson (CVN-70) battle group (BG), commanded by Rear Admiral
1983 (RADM) Thomas E. Zelibor, on a scheduled deployment in the North Arabian Sea, was suddenly
1984 propelled to the front lines of Overseas Contingency Operations. Launching the first strikes supporting
1985 OEF, the BG undertook a major unplanned combat role in a daunting joint and combined fighting
1986 environment consisting, at one point, of more than 59 ships. Over the next several months, TF 50
1987 clocked ~25,000 flight hours, flew 8,688 sorties, dropped over 2 million pounds of ordnance, conducted
1988 maritime intercept operations, air warfare, air-to-ground strikes, undersea warfare, Tomahawk Land
1989 Attack Missile (TLAM) strikes, and protected shipping.
1990
1991 Seeking the most efficient and effective way to conduct C2, RADM Zelibor streamlined information
1992 sharing (up and down the chain of command), simplified processes, standardized procedures and
1993 collaboration among all personnel. These measures significantly accelerated the speed of operations.
1994
1995 TF 50 implemented a Knowledge Wall (KWall) and Web (KWeb)–multiple screens and software–as
1996 their operational C2 system. Continuously updated information from multiple sources displayed
1997 instantly in a user-friendly format over a secure web portal. The BG shared specific information
1998 pertaining to defense, surface warfare, intelligence, or weather accessible in easy-to-use, multitier
1999 displays.
2000
2001 KWeb was faster and more accurate than voice and message communications—the operational
2002 summaries and intention messages used in the past, allowing officers to spend more time planning
2003 tactics and strategy, speeding decision time. Shortened daily briefings allowed RADM Zelibor to
2004 delegate more responsibility within the chain of command. Internet chat rooms used extensively by TF-
2005 50 provided near-instantaneous communication between METOC, Tomahawk targeting, time-sensitive
2006 intelligence, and logistics COI on land with those who were embarked, freeing up valuable voice
2007 communications for time-sensitive air defense information.
2008
2009 CommandNet was a popular, simple-to-use, low-bandwidth SA tool primarily used more than 14,000
2010 times by commanders and warfighters to distribute critical messages throughout the force, supporting
2011 dramatic increases in shared BG SA. The ubiquity of shared information saved time for faster mission
47
2012 execution. This efficiency was evident during a search and rescue operation conducted over the Indian
2013 Ocean, where one ship shared bailout coordinates with a ship closer to the incident that did not have the
2014 same communication ability.
2015
2016 Several recently deployed BG commanders have expanded and enhanced RADM Zelibor’s seminal
2017 work. The beauty of the C4ISR and business systems now in use is their ability to tailor decisive
2018 information delivery to watchstander needs—everything from platoon maneuver support to full-scale
2019 strike group high-intensity operations.
2020
2021 TF-50’s success during OEF exemplifies what technological and process changes, coupled with
2022 innovative leadership, can accomplish today—and tomorrow.
48
CYBER WARFARE 49
2023 In May 2002, CNO Admiral Vern Clark directed that Information Operations (IO) be established as a
2024 primary naval warfare area on par with other warfare areas (e.g. sea, undersea, land, air, space). CNO
2025 Clark envisioned that asymmetric threats (i.e., physical surprise attacks by a weak adversary upon a
2026 stronger enemy’s perceived weakness) to our network-centric forces be countered with asymmetric and
2027 asynchronous (i.e., attaining advantage through timing and synchronization to deny advantage)
2028 capabilities of our own. This vision established NETWARCOM. Today, the Navy is hard at work
2029 engineering and implementing solutions envisioned within the CNO’s Strategic Studies Groups (SSGs)
2030 to construct a Navy cyber vision. The goal is to take advantage of the technological tools available today
2031 and think of ways to bring them to shore facilities, our forces on the move, and ships that operate in
2032 technologically constrained environments.
2033 Information Operations (IO)

2034 “The opening rounds of the next war will likely be in cyberspace - the Navy must be ready to prevent
2035 wars as well as win them; to do that, we must understand how we will live, operate, and win in
2036 cyberspace. Therefore, the Navy must organize, train, and resource a credible Navy Cyber Force, and
2037 develop “leap-ahead,” interoperable, and resilient capabilities in cyberspace to successfully counter and
2038 defeat a determined, asymmetric threat.” – ADM Gary Roughead, CNO
2039
2040 With these introductory words to the Navy’s Cyberspace Strategy (currently in draft form), CNO
2041 Roughead clearly articulates the challenge and opportunities ahead for the Navy to operate as effectively
2042 in cyberspace as it does at sea. The Navy Cyber Force will require new ways of thinking. Coupled with
2043 cyberspace operations is the need to achieve information superiority and execute IO to ensure our
2044 freedom of movement not only in the traditional domains of sea, air, space and land, but also in
2045 cyberspace. Navy-executed IO will continue to grow as we come to better understand the full
2046 implications of operating in cyberspace. While not the sole integrating function, IO will enable the Navy
2047 to take full advantage of its unique ability to gain access to and influence cyberspace from seabed to
2048 space.
2049 Defining the Battlespace

2050 The DoD has recently defined cyberspace:
2051
2052 Cyberspace: “A global domain within the information environment consisting of the
2053 interdependent network of information technology infrastructures, including the internet,
2054 telecommunications networks, computer systems and embedded processors and controllers.”
2055 – Deputy Secretary of Defense, 12 May 2008
2056
2057 Cyberspace Operations: The employment of cyber capabilities where the primary purpose is to
2058 achieve military objectives or effects in or through cyberspace. Such operations include computer
2059 network operations and activities to operate and defend the Global Information Grid.”
2060 – Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, 10 November 2008
2061
2062 The DoD is finalizing plans for a new Cyber Command under STRATCOM. Cyber Command will drive
2063 new organizational constructs and strengthen our cyber infrastructure. It will coordinate military
2064 computer network security and take the lead in developing new offensive cyber weapons. As the DoD
2065 embarks on organizing for cyber warfare, the services will drive to establish new organizations and
2066 processes. The NNFE is already playing major roles in ensuring naval capabilities in executing IO and
2067 cyberspace operations, and will continue to provide COCOMs with cyber-ready forces.
49
CYBER WARFARE 50
2068 Technological Challenges and Opportunities

2069 NETWARCOM Commander VADM H. Denby Starling II believes the Navy has “…to continue to
2070 develop the technology that will allow us to operate in cyberspace where everybody else is and do so in
2071 an intelligent fashion, so we can provide an acceptable level of security for the government’s
2072 unclassified networks.” Driving the IO and cyberspace challenge is the exponential pace at which
2073 technology is developing today and its impact on society and the military. In the not-so-distant future, if
2074 Moore’s law continues with projected computing capability doubling every 18 months, then tomorrow’s
2075 generation will be able to access speeds and capacities approaching 100 thousand times greater than
2076 today. Data at rest, data in motion, and computational power will all change, and virtual reality will
2077 continue to blend in with reality and in some cases will be indistinguishable, with important
2078 ramifications for the Navy Cyber Force.
2079
2080 One of the key enablers for the future environment is how humans will interact with cyberspace—which
2081 will be omnipresent. Like the air we breathe, we will be surrounded by sensors, communications,
2082 information, linkages, computing, collaborative entities, and converged social, physical, and biological
2083 networks that interact with each other. This rapidly evolving environment will present new challenges
2084 and opportunities to the DoD, Navy, and the NNFE.
2085 NNFE Role in Cyberspace

2086 To understand this environment and its impact on naval operations, Navy leadership is developing a
2087 framework to accomplish successful Navy IO and maritime operations in cyberspace to achieve
2088 information superiority. To this end, the NNFE will:
2089 • Support the Navy’s cyberspace strategy
2090 • Develop an educated, well-trained, and operationally relevant workforce with high-end skills
2091 in cyberspace operations, acquisition, and science and engineering
2092 • Recommend selection of the NNFE as the Navy’s provider of choice for IO and cyber
2093 warfare personnel and capabilities
2094 • Understand the security requirements for operating in cyberspace and incorporate
2095 Information Assurance into its systems from the ground up
2096 • Develop defensive tools for our systems that operate in cyberspace
2097 • Recommend selection of the NNFE as the lead in developing and fielding a full range of
2098 offensive IO and cyber warfare capabilities as required by the Fleet
2099 • Establish partnerships with other service and government agencies involved in IO and cyber
2100 warfare to leverage capabilities
2101 • Work closely with our academic and industry partners
2102
2103 The NNFE must be at the leading edge of developing and fielding IO and cyber warfare personnel and
2104 capabilities for the Navy. Although the cyberspace era has recently begun, the NNFE will need agility
2105 and flexibility to respond to requirements and technological development.
2106 Information Assurance (IA)

2107 IA is the watchdog for net-centric warfare. As defined in OPNAVINST 5239.1C, the Navy’s IA
2108 Program Instruction, it is the technical and managerial measures of protecting information and
2109 information systems. Adherence to IA principles comprises the critical component of the Navy’s ability
2110 to effectively command and control its forces and operate in cyberspace. IA programs enable the Fleet to
2111 defend its information and information systems against malicious threats, unauthorized access,
2112 unauthorized disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction. Today, the NNFE carries out specific
2113 responsibilities within the Navy IA Program:
50
CYBER WARFARE 51
2114
2115 • NETWARCOM, in conjunction with its subordinate Navy Information Operations Center
2116 (NIOC), Naval COMSEC Material System (NCMS), and Navy Cyber Defense Operations
2117 Command (NCDOC) serves as the Operational Designated Approving Authority (ODAA) for all
2118 operational Navy General Service (GENSER) classified and unclassified IT systems, networks,
2119 and telecommunications systems. In short, NETWARCOM sets policy and protects most of the
2120 Navy’s computer and telecommunications systems and networks.
2121
2122 • SPAWAR serves as the Navy’s IA Technical Authority, providing high-level oversight and
2123 standardization for information system Certification and Accreditation (C&A) processes for all
2124 IT systems, sites and networks
2125
2126 • PEO C4I, as part of Team SPAWAR, serves as the Navy’s IA acquisition program manager and
2127 overall systems security engineering lead. This includes working closely with the Office of
2128 Naval Research (ONR) and the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) to conduct associated
2129 research and development and full life-cycle systems support. PEO C4I is also the Navy lead on
2130 joint and coalition interoperability of IA capabilities.
2131 Defense in Depth

2132 IA protects the warfighter by mitigating the potential hostile compromise of our maritime, airborne, and
2133 shore weapons systems by employing a defense-in-depth strategy that provides overlapping layers of
2134 security services to battle cyber threats.
2135
2136 Defense in depth organizes around four principles: Defend the Network and Infrastructure; Defend the
2137 Enclave Boundary; Defend the Computing Environment; Defend Supporting Infrastructures.
2138 Specifically, the Navy’s IA programs provide the measures that protect and defend information and
2139 information systems by ensuring their confidentiality, integrity, authentication, nonrepudiation, and
2140 availability.
2141
2142 • Confidentiality is the assurance that information is not disclosed to unauthorized entities or
2143 processes
2144 • Integrity is the assurance of the quality of the information reflecting logical correctness. It is the
2145 assurance that data can not be created, changed, or deleted without proper authorization.
2146 • Authentication is a security measure designed to establish the validity of a transmission,
2147 message, or originator
2148 • Nonrepudiation is the assurance that one party of a transaction can not deny having received a
2149 transaction nor can the other party deny having sent a transaction
2150 • Availability is the timely, reliable access to data and information services for authorized users
2151 Navy IA Programs

2152 The Navy’s primary IA programs include Electronic Key Management System (EKMS), Crypto, Public
2153 Key Infrastructure (PKI), and Computer Network Defense (CND). Built into each of these programs is a
2154 robust certification and accreditation program to ensure security risks and vulnerabilities are mitigated
2155 before systems are fielded.
2156 Electronic Key Management System (EKMS)

2157 Computer security relies on secret cryptographic keys to protect mission-critical and national security
2158 data, such as classified data and voice transmitted over radios, satellites, phones, and Internet pathways.
51
CYBER WARFARE 52
2159 EKMS securely distributes electronic keys, reducing the likelihood of compromise by our adversaries.
2160 Over the next decade, the EKMS will transform into an overarching Key Management Infrastructure
2161 (KMI) that will provide improved management of cryptographic keys and material, increased security,
2162 and will automate most current manual cryptographic work, providing efficiencies and cost avoidances.
2163 Cryptographic Products and Crypto Modernization

2164 Type-1 encryption services provide confidentiality to classified networks. These services protect up to
2165 Top Secret Special Compartmented Information (TS-SCI) data and sensitive voice communications in
2166 transit and at rest from unauthorized disclosure.
2167
2168 The Navy’s Cryptographic Modernization Program Office executes CNO’s charter to develop and/or
2169 centrally procure, distribute, repair, and provide life-cycle maintenance for cryptographic products. The
2170 program office also oversees the research and development, testing, and certification of future crypto
2171 devices.
2172 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)

2173 PKI executes strong certificate-based authentication to protect access to private military networks, web
2174 servers, and applications. The infrastructure consists of the hardware, software, policies, and procedures
2175 required to create, manage, store, distribute, and revoke keys and certificates for use on sensitive but
2176 unclassified networks such as secure official email, certificate-based two-way authentication to websites
2177 and applications, secure electronic transactions, and smart card-based cryptographic network logon to the
2178 nonclassified network (NIPRNet). Classified network (SIPRNet) PKI capability will be integrated into
2179 both ashore and afloat networks in the future. The Navy PKI effort is a component the DoD PKI Joint
2180 program led by the Defense System Information Agency (DISA) and has the responsibility for PKI
2181 integration across all Navy networks.
2182 Computer Network Defense (CND)

2183 CND encompasses all actions to protect, monitor, detect, analyze, and respond to unauthorized activity
2184 within Navy networks and systems. NCDOC is assigned the responsibility to coordinate, monitor, and
2185 oversee the defense of Navy networks and systems, including telecommunications. NCDOC is the
2186 Navy’s operational link to Joint Task Force–Global Network Operations (JTF-GNO), which operates
2187 and defends the GIG.
2188
2189 The Navy employs an enterprise approach to the implementation of CND capabilities. The Navy
2190 Research Laboratory (NRL) assists in the development of CND technologies and partners with the
2191 Navy’s CND acquisition program office. Tools such as Host Based Security System (HBSS), the
2192 Secure Configuration Compliance Validation Initiative (SCCVI), and Secure Configuration
2193 Remediation Initiative (SCRI) deliver the capability to monitor and control execution of authorized
2194 applications and processes at the host level, manage security patches throughout the enterprise, and
2195 verify security configurations of Navy systems. The CND architecture includes Intrusion Detection
2196 Systems (IDS), firewalls, Virtual Private Networks (VPN), and other boundary devices that guard
2197 against network-based attacks and improve NCDOC visibility of unauthorized activity on Navy
2198 networks.
2199 Certification & Accreditation (C&A)

2200 C&A is critical to managing IT risk. The Navy leads DoD's transition to the new Defense Information
2201 Assurance Certification and Accreditation Program (DIACAP), which establishes C&A responsibilities
2202 and collaboration mechanisms at every organizational level. This governance structure establishes a
52
CYBER WARFARE 53
2203 relationship between aggregated information security risks, enterprise mission, and business risks.
2204 Navy leads the Services in implementing policy and procedures fully integrating C&A into information
2205 and weapons system development. Navy is actively preparing for the new DoD/DNI transformation,
2206 which will unify the defense, intelligence, and civilian C&A programs. Navy's C&A process is in
2207 concert with the broader national security community as we move to all-Government in cyberspace,
2208 with service-centric, globally interconnected information enterprises.
2209
2210 As the Navy Cyber Force moves forward, we recognize that computer and network security is the same
2211 as physical force protection. Naval forces must be diligent, proactive, and adaptable, knowing when to
2212 attack and when to defend. We must understand our operating environment, our enemies, and our own
2213 capabilities, and apply that understanding in the most effective ways possible as we wage both offensive
2214 and defensive warfare in cyberspace.
53
TOTAL WORKFORCE: OUR PEOPLE 54
2215 Total Force Strategy

2216 The primary focus of the NNFE total force strategy is to provide combat- ready forces to joint
2217 commanders and deliver future capabilities to the Fleet. To that end, senior military and civilian
2218 leadership are actively engaged in making better decisions regarding how to apply critical financial and
2219 manpower resources. At the macro foundational level, OPNAV N1 is positioning the Competency
2220 Aligned Organization (CAO) Integrated Product Team (IPT) construct that aligns naval workforce
2221 knowledge, skills, and abilities to workload demands and career paths as a foundation to revitalize the
2222 naval workforce at large, including the NNFE Enterprise. System Commands (SYSCOMS) such as
2223 SPAWAR and MARCORSYSCOM are currently incorporating the NNFE CAO/IPT operating model,
2224 which will provide increased capability through creation of workforce development and career plans in
2225 the civilian workforce that are similar to those that have existed for military C4ISR professionals.
2226
2227 The NNFE is committed to developing a workforce that achieves information superiority, leads the
2228 execution of FORCEnet, and optimizes the employment of IO, Fleet Intelligence, and Space Capabilities
2229 needed to fight and win. A highly trained, cost-conscious workforce is required to deliver this
2230 superiority to the warfighter. To accomplish this, the NNFE will continue to adopt innovative ways to
2231 attract, train, and employ its dedicated and superbly talented workforce consisting of active, reserve,
2232 civilian, and contractor support personnel.
2233 Preparing Future Warfighters

2234 Unlike other naval enterprises, the NNFE delivers a vast array of products and services to an expanding
2235 customer base that includes naval forces, joint commands, the acquisition community, customers, and
2236 other diverse stakeholders. The NNFE continues to fine-tune measures of performance with Navy Total
2237 Force and solidify ways ahead to evaluate network operations (NETOPS) and IO readiness as naval
2238 forces transition to the NGEN network. Recently, NNFE reorganized to improve response to Fleet
2239 demand signal as the Navy’s IO, Signals Intelligence (SIGINT), Space, and C4I TYCOM and
2240 operational leader in delivering cyber mission capabilities. The NNFE strengthened its leadership role as
2241 the DoD Executive Agency (EA) for Computer Network Operations (CNO) training, and is the
2242 designated enterprise of choice to deliver cyber forces and capabilities to achieve mission superiority.
2243 Resource Alignment

2244 NETWARCOM established new directorates for Readiness and Training (N4/7); Plans and Policy (N5);
2245 and Command Information Office (CIO), with the goal of generating readiness for the Fleet and joint
2246 warfighters, to develop the workforce to meet current and future requirements, and to deliver best
2247 mission value in response to assuming new responsibilities. A Fleet Intelligence Office was stood up
2248 through integration of intelligence manpower, training, readiness, and equipping functionality across
2249 traditional boundaries to maximize synergy between the NNFE and OPNAV. SPAWAR’s Information
2250 Technology Readiness Review (ITRR) pilot program is providing key metrics across Navy communities
2251 of interest towards improving C4I training and staffing elements through proactive recapitalization of
2252 these resources for ship and Strike Groups.
2253
2254 The NNFE utilizes Cross Functional Teams (CFTs) employing process management tools, metrics, and
2255 product lines to shape the Total Force in the most effective manner, aligning NNFE strategy with the
2256 Fleet Readiness Enterprise (FRE), other warfare enterprises, and key external organizations in a
2257 resource-constrained environment.
2258
54
2259 The NNFE is functionally aligning itself to build the quality manpower metrics today that are key to
2260 attract, retain, and foster the best military and civilian workforce to exploit scientific and technological
2261 advancements. By January 2010, a NNFE-sponsored community will develop Strategies for Our
2262 People—an agile, flexible, and adaptable framework for providing the right people with the right skills,
2263 at the right time and place, and at the best value.
2264 Diversity
2265 The NNFE is committed to recognizing and rewarding the contributions of its diverse Sailors, Marines,
2266 and civilians. Diversity includes bringing different talents and life experiences, various academic
2267 disciplines, and different personality types together to better solve the challenges of today’s complex
2268 environment. An example of diversity at work is the sociologist or anthropologist at the front lines
2269 assisting troops in understanding and relating to the local populace. Or, it can be the psychologist or
2270 human factors specialist contributing to an engineering development effort. The complexity of today’s
2271 urban distributed operations, exacerbated by the presence of civilian noncombatants and spanning the
2272 gamut of conflict, demands employment of diverse personnel, particularly from urban backgrounds with
2273 skill sets analogous to what rural hunters bring to operations in rough terrain.
2274
2275 As the DoN continues to promote a culture of lifelong learning and continuous improvement, it is
2276 necessary to embrace and empower our differences–be they urban, rural, academic, or experiential as
2277 well as traditional diversity measures of race and gender–to achieve a Total Force that delivers greater
2278 force agility and flexibility. In an era where our adaptability and critical thinking are paramount to our
2279 readiness, a well-led, diverse, and highly motivated workforce is imperative to realizing our potential
2280 and achieving operational excellence.
2281 Retention
2282 The NNFE values its workforce and makes extensive investment in promoting and sustaining a culture
2283 that recognizes all contributions to the warfighting effort. A top NNFE goal is to reduce costs associated
2284 with low retention levels and to retain and grow its Total Force asset. To accomplish this, we will create
2285 an environment that is conducive to retaining a productive and motivated workforce by providing
2286 personal and professional development opportunities, challenges, leadership, mentoring, and rewarding
2287 career choices while recognizing the contributions and sacrifices of our employees and their families.
2288 The NNFE’s total workforce strategy aligns with the Navy’s plan to strengthen itself as the “employer of
2289 choice” through quality of life and quality of work opportunities that embrace a diverse culture of
2290 mentorship and professional lifelong learning opportunities, in service to our nation.
2291
2292 Active Reserve Integration (ARI)
2293 NNFE Total Force strategy relies upon the collaboration, coordination, and utilization of all workforce
2294 components. One of the key components is our highly skilled and talented Reserve Forces. In addition to
2295 serving as a strategic baseline for crisis response, NNFE Reservists provide unique military and
2296 technical capabilities, knowledge, and experiences in an operational support role that serves current and
2297 future readiness. NNFE Reservists deliver resources and capability that meet prioritized C4ISR
2298 contingencies and are aligned with supported commands across communities of practice. These
2299 supported domains include:
2300
2301 · NET OPS: Provides Fleet and shore communications, network engineering support, information
2302 assurance, and computer network defense capabilities to Fleet, shore, and joint activities
2303
55
2304 · SPACE: Provides unique expertise and project support toward the operational employment of national
2305 space systems capabilities, resulting in tactically relevant information to naval, joint, and coalition
2306 operations
2307
2308 · IO: Supports Fleet and joint IO mission areas that include network warfare, global strike and
2309 integration, and global network operations in direct support of joint force commanders
2310
2311 · SIGINT: Provides capability and focused IO that include SIGINT-related functions, through a
2312 virtually distributed workforce to national, Fleet, and joint customers
2313
2314 · C4ISR: Provides contingency response and resolution of C4ISR issues that affect current and future
2315 Fleet readiness
56
STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY: 57
NAVY & MARINE CORPS AFTER NEXT

2316 In addition to providing for forces in the field today and investing in known programmatic improvements
2317 aimed at maintaining or enhancing the capabilities of the future force, the Navy must continue to invest in
2318 promising technologies that will allow for continued growth. In this section, we shall explore some of those
2319 technologies and their potential to change our way of doing business. These “seed corn” sorts of investments
2320 can change not only the Navy, but the military and in some cases the world as we know it. DoD’s Advanced
2321 Research Projects Agency Internet, (ARPANET) and the resultant internet is the sort of game-changing
2322 occurrence that is spawned by our strategic technology investments.
2323
2324 Many years ago, CNO focused the efforts of the Strategic Studies Group (SSG) on examining a radically
2325 new approach to maritime forces termed the “Free Form Force,” an advanced warfighting vision of the
2326 future focused on extending capabilities and developing new ways to operate. The Free Form Force concept
2327 describes an adaptable, flexible, and scalable maritime force designed to operate in an environment that is
2328 both uncertain and increasingly complex, that can effectively respond to crisis, and even de-escalate a
2329 dangerous or unstable trend before it amplifies. Our Illustration of the Vision in 2029 articulates the Free
2330 Form Force of the future while highlighting investment areas upon which we can focus today.
2331 Future Science and Technology Investments

2332 Our strategic technology investments must build on existing efforts to ensure that the warfighter maintains
2333 the knowledge dominance of today and tomorrow. These technical investments must continue to focus on a
2334 Navy and Marine Corps armed for:
2335 • Domination of the electromagnetic spectrum and cyber space
2336 • Persistent, distributed surveillance in all domains
2337 • Comprehensive MDA with large vessel stopping and weapon of mass destruction detection for
2338 enhanced maritime intercept operations
2339 • Affordability into platform design and construction
2340 • Adaptive wireless communications networks
2341 • Decision tools to give commanders tactical advantage
2342 • Greater tactical advantage through superior knowledge and use of operational environments
2343 • Determination of threat intent through social and cultural understanding
2344 • Lighter, faster, more lethal Marine forces
2345 • Accelerated team training and skill development
2346
2347 The NNFE will enable the Navy and Marine Corps to achieve these S&T objectives through a variety of
2348 roles including:
2349 • Conducting basic research
2350 • Developing prototypes
2351 • Demonstrating the operational effectiveness of new technologies in venues like Trident Warrior
2352 Transferring promising technical solutions into PORs or fielding non-POR solutions (where
2353 appropriate)
2354 An Illustration of the Vision: Orange vs. Purple

2355 Aboard the USS Harry S. Truman (CVN 75), Year 2029
2356 The USS Harry S. Truman (CVN 75) Afloat Action Group (AAG) is underway off the Horn of Africa, with the
2357 primary mission to provide humanitarian relief to country Orange after a drought-induced food shortage led
57

2358 to civil unrest that is threatening to destabilize the elected government. Dissidents within Orange supported
2359 by neighboring Purple are helping to stir up that unrest and have threatened to attack aid workers and any
2360 other foreign "conquerors" found in country.
2361 Inside the Command Operations Center (COC)

2362 Approximately 25 miles due west of Djibouti, CDR Ben Staley takes his Tactical Action Office (TAO) station
2363 seat in the center of the Combined Operations Center (COC) at the heart of the ship, where he can see
2364 everything.
2365
2366 Behind CDR Staley are the ship's operating positions: the helm, engineering, and navigation watch stations
2367 overseen by the Officer of the Deck (OOD), still referred to as a “bridge watch officer” - even though there
2368 isn't a bridge anymore. Relocating the “bridge” to the COC has improved communications and coordination
2369 among those with roles in controlling and fighting the ship, in addition to decreasing the size of the watch
2370 team. Like many of the watch positions in the COC, the “bridge” watch standers view of the world is
2371 through a Fused Augmented Reality (FAR) Display that provides a 360-degree unobstructed view around the
2372 ship out to the horizon. More than just an electronic window, the FAR display combines visible spectrum
2373 video with infrared and RADAR data, providing selected information from the ship’s combat, C2, and
2374 navigation systems in a seamlessly fused presentation.
2375
2376 NNFE near-term efforts will continue to yield reduced cost of operation from initial
2377 construction throughout the lifecycle of the ship far into the future - including continued
2378 size/weight/power reductions resulting from network consolidation and implementation of a
2379 Common Computing Environment (CCE). The shift to all-fiber networks and increased
2380 secure wireless use will also result in significant weight savings and reduced complexity in
2381 the cable plant. Continued increases in “compute density” will result in more capability, with
2382 space reductions. Today’s investments in “natural” and “task focused” human/computer
2383 interfaces as well as human factors engineering studies are changing how watch standing
2384 displays are designed.
2385
2386 Lifecycle cost savings will also result from increased use of automation and remote sensors to
2387 reduce manning – including the reduction of traditional watch stations - and through increased
2388 crew efficiency resulting from enhanced knowledge management and decision support
2389 systems.
2390
2391 Left of CDR Staley were anchor modules representing the major Departments that contribute to the ship and
2392 AAG’s, successful operations: INTEL, OPS, NETOPS, CYBEROPS, LOGISTICS, WEAPONS, and METOC.
2393 NETOPS Watch

2394 LT Lipka mans the NETOPS position, maintaining situation awareness (SA) over all ship and AAG cyber
2395 assets: user workstations, servers, networks, communications systems, and the hundreds of other embedded
2396 processors and controllers that enable everything from ship control to logistics sensors to weapons systems
2397 to voice, video, and data communications.
2398
2399 The only system not showing “green” on her board is the collaboration server that Coalition forces are
2400 using to coordinate relief operations in the region. The intelligent agent responsible for monitoring server
2401 loads has both detected a problem and suggested a corrective action to LT Lipka. Acknowledging it, a new
2402 virtual server clones from the current collaboration server and takes up part of the load. LT Lipka also notes
58

2403 that the large number of remote sensors streaming video from the operations area are threatening to
2404 overload the available low-, mid- and high-altitude communications relays, so she slightly reduces
2405 bandwidth use among several autonomous airborne sensors.
2406 Evolution of Navy C4ISR

2407 A key element in the evolution of Navy C4ISR will be the increased ability to monitor and control all
2408 aspects of the C4ISR infrastructure from the smallest embedded processor to the impact of space
2409 weather on communications. Converged networks that support ship control, weapon systems, C2,
2410 business systems and voice and video will require QoS management mechanisms, including fine-
2411 grained dynamic management of bandwidth and security posture to ensure the C4ISR infrastructure is
2412 responsive to the commander’s intent. The vast scope of this infrastructure will require the
2413 development of sensors, monitoring, and management tools both more pervasive and sophisticated
2414 than available today. Cryogenic RF technologies and bandwidth on demand initiatives being worked
2415 today should result in increased efficiencies in spectrum management.
2416
2417 Automated Workflow Management
2418 Automated workflows and intelligent agents will facilitate C4ISR infrastructure management by
2419 controlling information flow and data collection/processing. Working together, these two
2420 technologies will enable to human operator to focus on making decision, instead of data processing
2421 and training. Today’s investments in software agents, machine-to-person alerts, machine-to-machine
2422 data automation will greatly help watchstanders of the future.
2423
2424 Implications for Cyber
2425 Closely related to our ability to manage and defend our own network and communications is the
2426 concept of cyber warfare and our ability to impact or exploit our opponents C4ISR systems. Navy
2427 ships and organic assets provide unmatched ability to collect against and effect adversary networks
2428 and communications from the ability to get closer and stay longer combined with the available power
2429 and size of the apertures (antennas) available on a ship. Fully exploiting these potential advantages
2430 will require coordination in both ship design and operation of the C4ISR infrastructure to enable the
2431 use of shared apertures and mitigate potential interference. Antenna investments being made today
2432 are furthering this effort.
2433 Data Strategy

2434 National security depends on collaborative information exchange. Information sharing is and will continue to
2435 be a vital component of United States national security strategy, because it plays a prominent role in
2436 improving decision making by enhancing situational awareness and contributing to actionable intelligence.
2437 Data strategy includes much more than data itself. It involves community agreement, governance,
2438 implementation policy, data modeling, and validation. On the technology side, legacy systems may impede
2439 sharing objectives by inhibiting information sharing or, alternatively, contribute to “information overload.”
2440 Looking to improve this scenario, the Navy is researching potential avenues in both technologies and
2441 policies to create a culture of information sharing and then formalizing the process to increase personnel
2442 effectiveness through dynamic collaboration in accomplishing missions.
2443 Semantic Web: Effective Info Sharing

2444 An important challenge facing the Navy is how to more efficiently use vast amounts of information needed
2445 to support navy missions. The Semantic Web, the evolving next-generation World Wide Web, is part of the
59

2446 technological solution that enables computers to process machine-readable data more effectively. The
2447 Semantic Web makes data “smarter,” allowing web-based tools to perform search, filtering, and aggregation
2448 processes better. Semantic Web interoperability makes it easier for people to collaborate on data, share
2449 information, and most importantly—drive decision-making processes encapsulated as “services.”
2450
2451 Regarding information flow, most legacy systems are at the level of person-to-machine interaction. People
2452 are often required to find, fuse, and retype key information between systems. Future systems offer machine-
2453 to-person and machine-to-machine capability (refer to “Z” graphic above in the Information Flow Grid),
2454 some of which are available today–system-generated “Alerts” are examples of machine-to-person
2455 interactions, and a fully automated self-defense system represents machine-to-machine interaction. Looking
2456 ahead to the Naval Networking Environment (NNE) of 2016, investments in semantic-enabled technology
2457 permit adaptive planning and dynamic collaboration with information, allowing exchange, understanding,
2458 and visualization beyond the simple sharing we have today. Making the right data visible and available when
2459 needed greatly benefits complex operational missions such as Maritime Domain Awareness, where naval
2460 forces need to improve their ability to collect, fuse, analyze, display, and disseminate actionable information
2461 and intelligence to provide operational forces with tactical advantage.
2462 UCore: Enhancing Naval Productivity

2463 The 9-11 Commission Report challenged the federal IT community to improve information sharing as a
2464 national security imperative. In response, the Departments of Defense, Justice, Homeland Security, and the
2465 Intelligence Community developed the Universal Core (UCore), a federal standard that improves information
2466 exchange within and across communities by providing an easy-to-use “common starting point” framework
2467 for sharing the most commonly used data concepts (“who,” “what,” “when,” and “where”) across this broad
2468 stakeholder base. This early Semantic Web capability rests upon a federation concept where data exchanges
2469 can be extended and cost-effectively tailored to specific mission areas and lines of business. UCore will play
2470 a major role in enabling users to traverse all the information in their organizations by time, geography,
2471 individual, and key subjects. Combining these powerful search axes opens up endless productivity
2472 enhancements for naval forces. UCore technology recently won the 2009 “Outstanding Contribution to the
2473 Development of Network Centric Operations” award for advancing Network Centric Operations that
2474 sponsored by the Institute for Defense and Government Advancement.
2475 Bird’s Eye View: USDC “Teleporting”

2476 At the front of the COC is the Unmanned Systems Direction Cell (USDC) with five FAR display-equipped
2477 operator “pods” with large wrap around displays capable of joystick-controlled 360-degree zoomed
2478 perspective from an overhead fused sensor view (“God’s Eye View”) down to a point-of-view display from a
2479 single unmanned vehicle, often referred to as “teleporting.” The team uses the pods to direct the many
2480 unmanned systems supporting the Truman Afloat Action Group (AAG). In general, these unmanned systems
2481 act autonomously on general orders like a manned platform. Even with all that on-board intelligence, having
2482 a person “at the helm” is required.
2483 Evolution of Unmanned Vehicles

2484 Technological advances in autonomous navigation and guidance, understanding of human language,
2485 and autonomous C2 will lead to increased use of unmanned vehicles and systems. Technologies
2486 flourishing under secure IA that increase efficiencies, maximize data fusion, create smart
2487 disembarked systems, use directional antennas, improve error reduction and networking techniques,
2488 will meet the communications requirements of these systems. “Quantum encryption” efforts ongoing
60

2489 today are an example of work in this area, as is software agent developmental work. “Unmanned
2490 vehicle autonomy” development is also critical – biological studies characterizing “swarm” behavior
2491 are providing control mechanisms.
2492 Ultimate C2: God’s Eye View

2493 CDR Staley takes in the entire Truman AAG, including Truman, the CVX class California, LHA 6 America,
2494 LPD 23 Anchorage, the T- AKE Wally Schirra, a logistics support ship, and three LCSs – the Fort Worth,
2495 Coronado, and Del Mar. Symbology on the display revealed that the Fort Worth was configured for ASW,
2496 the Del Mar was configured for ASUW and the Coronado was loaded with a command center mission
2497 module for the associated Marine Infantry Battalion.
2498
2499 Sitting below the shared FAR display are the data fusion and situation awareness experts who work closely
2500 with CDR Staley that man the five smaller FAR stations. One is configured for AAG force projection; a
2501 second for monitoring the flow of materiel/people going ashore; a third focuses on air traffic control; and a
2502 fourth workstation displays the main FAR station on the C2 LCS with the ground force picture. The fifth
2503 screen was being used as a direct neural interface to the augmented reality system, providing a higher
2504 bandwidth interaction than that afforded by the 180 degree panorama of displays at each FAR workstation.
2505 Force Protection Watch Station

2506 The Force Protection operator’s station combines inputs from national sensors, the other ships in the AAG,
2507 all of the unmanned vehicles in the area, and other data sources into a single fused 360-degree view around
2508 the ship. The cross-section presentation displays a realistic 3D-model of every aircraft, surface ship, or
2509 undersea vehicle for 50 miles out, color-coded based on perceived threat level. These threat level
2510 assignments are based on a combination of intelligent agents looking for certain movement patterns,
2511 supporting target information (such as the country of origin), and automated target-recognition
2512 applications.
2513
2514 The ocean is rendered as transparent, allowing the operator to see an accurate representation of the sea
2515 floor. From his position, CDR Staley could just detect the subtle color variations in the undersea picture
2516 representing sensor coverage and convergence zones, as calculated by one of the massively multiple
2517 processor computers available onboard the Truman. As the Force Protection operator reaches out and
2518 touches each icon, a wealth of information about that contact projects on the large semitransparent display
2519 above the panoramic displays.
2520
2521 Thanks to the four Navy MUOS satellite launches that achieved Full Operational Capability in 2014,
2522 implementation of a third-generation (3G) Wideband Code Division Multiple Access cellular phone network
2523 architecture combined with geosynchronous satellites capability, the warfighter now has greatly enhanced
2524 communication capability—10x more capacity than the old UFO constellation and full access to the GIG.
2525 Smaller, Smarter Sensors

2526 Smaller, smarter sensors and vastly increased numbers of mobile autonomous sensors will
2527 provide persistent surveillance across a multitude of spectrums, including the ability to detect
2528 from both direct and indirect observations. As more data becomes available to warfighters,
2529 specialized meta-information technologies will commensurately increase in order to make the
2530 data easily accessible and understandable by the warfighter and his commander. Today’s
2531 work in the multi-static sensor area coupled with spectral coding applied to markers and
2532 probes will aid future situational awareness.
61

2533 ORANGE Objective in Sight
2534 The Truman’s position currently shows as 20 miles off shore in deep water for unrestricted maneuvering, to
2535 avoid local traffic, and for a good view of anything approaching from underwater. Though the AAG is
2536 geographically dispersed and without any escort ships within sight, the Truman is floating in a 20-mile-
2537 wide bubble of persistent sensor coverage and ready weapons supplied by a mix of air, surface, and
2538 undersea unmanned vehicles.
2539
2540 The CGX California stages closer to shore to provide air and missile defense for the amphibs, while still
2541 protecting the carrier. The Wally Schirra docks to unload supplies. The two amphibs are near the beach -
2542 standing by to offload Marines, if called upon. The America, close in, collects current communications and
2543 data traffic to assess SA. The LCS Coronado, just off shore, acts as command center coordinating the
2544 activities for the US and coalition forces, and various NGOs involved in the aid operation.
2545
2546 Persistent, distributed sensing from sea floor to space–coupled with the power of the
2547 distributed disembarked systems–linked for cooperative autonomous behavior, will provide
2548 increased defensive power. These measures help to avoid war, and supply capability to wage
2549 peace as a first option. By pushing the protective envelope away from the defended centers,
2550 the ability to use an array of nonkinetic, and less lethal, options is a better solution.
2551 Enhancements in today’s cross-domain security solutions will continue to be needed.
2552 OPC: Commanders’ Conference

2553 Finally, to CDR Staley’s right is the Operations Planning Center (OPC), currently devoted to the embarked
2554 Joint Task Force (JTF) commander and his staff. He could tell by the faint shimmer in the air that the JTF
2555 staff had the sound-blanking field on, and from the displays that appeared to be off (electronically masked)
2556 that they must be looking at SCI-level information.
2557
2558 Admiral Wilkerson, JTF Commander, “In an ideal situation there would be no kinetic aspects to this
2559 operation, but we have to take into account the disruptive influence of Purple. I expect to see some
2560 conventional war elements, but we may see both irregular warfare and terrorist acts predominate, as well as
2561 a continuance of the on-going perception management campaign by Purple."
2562
2563 CAPT Clemons, JTF J, "The National intelligence agencies, COCOMs INTEL, and planning staffs are
2564 continuing to refine network models for Orange and Purple political, military, social, economic,
2565 infrastructure, and information network to develop a strategy and consider the full spectrum of possible
2566 actions and possible opponent responses. In addition to conducting aid distribution, we want to disrupt
2567 communication between Purple and irregular forces in Orange; effectiveness will be greatly reduced if their
2568 actions cannot be synchronized. If Purple and insurgents become too much of a problem, we may need to
2569 actively engage to disrupt communications. Concurrently, we will work the public relations side to calm the
2570 populace in Orange and to keep any other states or nonstate actors in region who are hostile to Orange from
2571 seeking to benefit.
2572 Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Tools

2573 Future operational-level M&S tools will have the ability to predict and understand opponent
2574 intentions, based on sparse data derived from military and cultural factors. These tools will
2575 generate potential courses of action for planners. The use of M&S tools will extend down to
2576 the execution planning and monitoring level to capture key elements, alert operators to
62

2577 adverse impacts, and suggest appropriate response actions. Today’s data fusion exploration
2578 and simulation-based training development remains necessary.
2579
2580 Planning and execution tools will provide seamless support for the precise use of kinetic,
2581 nonkinetic, shaping, or cyber actions to influence, deter, or neutralize our opponents.
2582 Continued focus on operations in an EW-denial environment must also remain as an
2583 investment area.
2584
2585 Technologies that enable seamless information handling cross security levels without the need
2586 for physical separation of people and equipment will provide for faster and more accurate
2587 decisions, ensuring most complete SA.
2588 Collaborative Command Environment Combined with FORCEnet

2589 As reports from the Ground Commander started to come in, CDR Stanley reflected that the wealth of
2590 information available – everything from RFID data of supplies delivered (including real-time status as they
2591 crossed the sill of the delivery ship to arrival ashore) to the health status of the individuals involved
2592 (provided by sensors in their uniforms) – was of such high quality and availability that he hardly ever had to
2593 talk on the radio any more, something that he had never been comfortable with as an ensign. Growing up in
2594 a socially networked world, he was much more comfortable in the data-rich electronically interactive
2595 environment in which he was now immersed. It was inspiring to think how this one space combined all the
2596 key elements from operation of the ship, command of the AAG, and the JTF. Formerly, these command
2597 elements would have been spread across many separate enclaves, with many times more personnel working
2598 to achieve the same results that were now possible, due to the high degree of automation and enhanced
2599 knowledge management and decision support tools now available.
2600
2601 The Collaborative Command Environment, combined with FORCEnet was now an operational reality.
2602
2603 Today’s investments in nanotechnology, including wearable computing and directional antennas, will allow
2604 seamless information exchange in the future force.
2605 Humanitarian Mission Accomplished

2606 CDR Staley received an incoming high-priority message from the INTEL anchor desk. The Purple forces
2607 were backing down in retreat. At the same time, the synthesized computer voice of the automated threat
2608 recognition system began to speak to him, verifying the good news coming in. Aid delivery to Orange had
2609 commenced. He could see the Chief of Staff for the JTF Commander heading his way, thumbs up and
2610 smiling. Moreover, CDR Staley was reminded of what Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Colin
2611 Powell had said back in 1990: “Lying offshore, ready to act, the presence of ships and Marines sometimes
2612 means much more than just having air power or ship’s fire when it comes to deterring a crisis. And the ships
2613 and Marines may not have to anything but lie offshore. It is hard to lie offshore with a C-141 or C-130 full of
2614 airborne troops.”
2615 Future NNFE Technologies

2616 A number of technologies have been discussed in the preceding paragraphs. These are recapped below, not
2617 as a complete and exhaustive list, but as examples of today’s investments in strategic technologies that will
2618 lead to improvements for the “Navy and Marine Corps After Next.” The NNFE and the NRE are researching
2619 the technologies that will, one day, create the battlespace envisioned for 2029:
2620
63
SUMMARY
2621 • Quantum Encryption
2622 • “Natural” and “task focused” Human
2623 Computer Interfaces
2624 • Nanotechnology
2625 • Directional Antennas
2626 • Unmanned Vehicle Autonomy
2627 • Application of Cryogenics to RF systems
2628 • Data fusion to adapt nonorganic and sparse
2629 information
2630 • Spectrally-coded markers and probes
2631 • Cross-domain security solutions
2632 • Simulation-based embedded training
2633 • GPS-denial compensation, ability to operate in
2634 heavy EW attack
2635 • Multistatic sensors
2636 • Application of network science; human, social
2637 and cultural behavioral modeling and
2638 simulation
2639 • Software agent and machine/person,
2640 machine/machine data flow automation
2641 • Biological systems study applied to robotics
64
SUMMARY 65
2642 The NNFE Vision

2643 As stated in The Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower, “United States seapower is a force for
2644 good, protecting this nation’s vital interests even as it joins with others to promote security and
2645 prosperity across the globe.” Naval networks and related systems are a critical component of seapower.
2646
2647 In implementing a worldwide networking architecture–crucial to applying a corresponding worldwide
2648 military strategy–the NNFE warfighting enterprise is leading the effort to connect forces across the
2649 national and international defense space: a central tenet of future military operations. The networks,
2650 systems, and the dedicated Sailors and Marines who operate them reflect the credible combat power of
2651 the US and play many unique and recurring roles in securing the maritime domain. The speed,
2652 responsiveness, and forward presence that networks and related systems provide to our forces result in
2653 the ability to deter and mitigate disruptions to the global system, enabling the execution of national
2654 objectives while meeting the challenges of our strategic imperatives.
2655
2656 The NNFE must also continue to leverage vital business IT investments, strategies, and efficiencies to
2657 reduce costs, harden networks, and ensure alignment of information technology governance and policy.
2658
2659 US national security, homeland security, and military strategies envision a 21st-century maritime
2660 battlespace dominated by strongly networked sea-air-land forces comprising US, allied,
2661 nongovernmental, and coalition assets. As the key provider of the pervasive C4ISR network needed to
2662 make this vision a reality, the NNFE remains the single most important enabler of FORCEnet, creating
2663 and maintaining these critical maritime force networks of the future.
65
APPENDICES 66
2664 Appendix A: Major Contractors

2665 ADNS
2666 SAIC, Arlington, VA
2667 Cisco, San Jose, CA
2668
2669 AIS
2670 L3 Communications, Orlando, FL
2671 Northrop Grumman, San Diego, CA
2672
2673 ATDLS
2674 Data Link Systems, Cedar Rapids, IA
2675 ViaSat, Inc, Carlsbad, CA
2676 Advanced Programming Concepts, Austin, TX
2677 BAE Systems, Wayne, NJ
2678
2679 CANE S – PRE-AWARD
2680
2681 CENTRIXS-M
2682 A GOTS/COTS program under cognizance of PMW 160 & OPNAV N6 – no contractors identified
2683
2684 CBSP
2685 Harris Government Communication Systems, Melbourne, FL
2686 CVG, Inc. Chantilly, VA
2687
2688 COMSATCOM
2689 Harris Corporation, Melbourne, FL
2690 NERA, London, England
2691 CVG, Inc, Chantilly, VA
2692
2693 CSRR
2694 Lockheed Martin, Eagan, MN
2695
2696 DCGS-N
2697 SAIC, McLean, VA
2698 BAE Systems, Rancho Bernardo, CA
2699 L-3 Communications/Titan, Chantilly, VA
2700
2701 DJC2
2702 L3, Panama City, FL
2703 ARINC, Panama Cuty, FL
2704 CSC, Woodbridge, VA
2705 GTRI, Atlanta, GA
2706 Radiance, Huntsville, AL
2707 General Dynamics Information Technology, Panama City, FL
2708
2709 GCCS-M
2710 Northrop Grumman Mission Systems, San Diego, CA
2711 X-Feds, San Diego, CA
2712
2713 ISNS
2714 Lockheed Martin – Eagan, Minnesota
2715 L3 Communications – Virginia Beach, VA
2716 SAIC – San Diego, CA
2717
2718 JTRS
2719 Lockheed Martin, Chantilly, VA
66
APPENDICES 67
2720 MCEN - TBD

2721
2722 MCEITS
2723 General Dynamics IT, Fairfax, VA
2724 Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, CA
2725 EDS, Plano, TX
2726 Smartronix, CA and MD
2727 Zenetex, Herndon, Va.
2728
2729 MNH (Increment 1)
2730 Reliable System Services Corp, Melbourne, FL
2731 Harris Corp, Melbourne, FL.
2732
2733 MUOS
2734 Lockheed Martin, Sunnyvale, CA
2735 Boeing, El Segundo, CA
2736 General Dynamics, Scottsdale, AZ
2737
2738 NGEN
2739 PRE-AWARD
2740
2741 ERP
2742 SAP America, Inc. Newton Square, PA
2743
2744 NMCI
2745 EDS, Plano, TX
2746
2747 NMT
2748 Raytheon, Boston, MA
2749
2750 ONE-Net
2751 PEO EIS cognizance. Closely synced with NETWARCOM and OPNAV N6N.
2752 No specific contractors identified.
2753
2754 SCI Networks
2755 SAIC, Arlington, VA
2756
2757 SOA – PRE-AWARD
2758
2759 SUBLAN
2760 SAIC, Sterling, VA
2761
2762 UFO
2763 Boeing Satellite Systems, Los Angeles, CA
67
APPENDICES 68
2764 Appendix B: Acronyms and Abbreviations

2765
2766 3G Third Generation
2767 AAG Afloat Action Group
2768 ACB Advanced Capability Build
2769 ACNO Assistant Chief of Naval Operations
2770 ACS Afloat Core Services
2771 ADNS Automated Digital Network System
2772 AEHF Advanced Extremely High Frequency
2773 AIS Automatic Identification System
2774 ALE Automatic Link Establishment
2775 AOR Area of Responsibility
2776 APS Africa Partnership Station
2777 ARI Active-Reserve Integration
2778 ARPANET Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
2779 AUGV Autonomous Underwater Gliding Vehicle
2780 ASN RDA Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Research, Development and Acquisition
2781 ASW Anti-Submarine Warfare
2782 ASUW Anti-Surface Warfare
2783 BA Battlespace Awareness
2784 BAMS Broad Area Maritime Surveillance
2785 BFT Blue Force Tracker
2786 BISOG Blue in Support of Green
2787 BLOS Beyond Line of Sight
2788 BMD Ballistic Missile Defense
2789 C2 Command and Control
2790 C2BMC Command and Control Battle Management Communications
2791 C2F Commander U.S. Second Fleet
2792 C4 Command, Control, Communications, and Computers
2793 C4ISR Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance,
2794 Reconnaissance
2795 C6F Commander, U.S. Sixth Fleet
2796 C&A Certification and Accreditation
2797 CABLE JCTD Communications Airborne Layer Expansion Joint Capability Test Demonstration
2798 CAC Common Access Card
2799 CLO Cryptologic Log on
2800 CANES Consolidated Afloat Networks and Enterprise Services
2801 CAO Competency Aligned Organization
2802 CARAT Cooperative Afloat Readiness and Training
2803 CARS Cyber Asset Reduction and Security
2804 CBSP Commercial Broadband Satellite Program
2805 CCE Common Computing Environment
2806 CEC Cooperative Engagement Capability
2807 CENTRIXS-M Combined Enterprise Regional Information Exchange System - Maritime
2808 CEO Chief Executive Officer
2809 CEXC Combined Explosives Exploitation Cell
2810 CFO Chief Financial Officer
68
APPENDICES 69
2811 CG Hull designation for U.S. Navy guided missile cruiser

2812 CIO Chief Information Officer or Command Information Office
2813 CJTF Commander, Joint Task Force
2814 CMS/ID Career Management System Interactive Detailing
2815 CND Computer Network Defense
2816 CNO Chief of Naval Operations or Computer Network Operations
2817 COC Combined Operations Center
2818 COCOM Combatant Commander
2819 COI Communities of Interest
2820 COMSEC Computer Security
2821 CONUS Continental United States
2822 COO Chief Operating Officer
2823 COP Common Operational Picture
2824 COTS Commercial, off-the-shelf
2825 CP Continuing Promise
2826 CPI Continuous Process Improvement
2827 CSC Customer Support Center
2828 CSRR Common Submarine Radio Room
2829 CSBP Commercial Broadband Satellite Program
2830 CSD Communications at Speed and Depth
2831 CSG Carrier Strike Group
2832 CT Navy occupational rating: Cryptologic Technician
2833 CTF Combined Task Force
2834 CTT Commanders Tactical Terminal
2835 CVN Hull designation for U.S. Navy nuclear-powered aircraft carrier
2836 CWC Composite Warfare Commander
2837 CWSP Commercial Wideband Satellite Communication Program
2838 DDEF Defense Daily Expenditure File
2839 DDG Hull designation for U.S. Navy guided missile destroyer
2840 DIACAP Defense Information Assurance Certification and Accreditation Program
2841 DISA Defense Intelligence Systems Agency
2842 DISN Defense Information Services Network
2843 DISR Defense Information Standards Registry
2844 DJ Deployable Joint
2845 DJC2 Deployable Joint Command and Control
2846 DJCS-N Distributed Common Ground Station - Navy
2847 DFI Director of Fleet Intelligence
2848 DMR Digital Modular Radio
2849 DNI Director of Naval Intelligence
2850 DoD Department of Defense
2851 DoN Department of the Navy
2852 DOTMLPF Doctrine, Organization, Training, Material, Leadership, Personnel and Facilities
2853 DRU Digital Receiver Unit
2854 EA Early Adopters or Executive Agency
2855 EHF Extremely High Frequency
2856 EKMS Electronic Key Management System
2857 EMP Electromagnetic Pulse
2858 EO Electro-Optical
2859 ERP Enterprise Resource Planning
69
APPENDICES 70
2860 eNET Expeditionary Network

2861 EMUT Enhanced Manpack UHF Terminal
2862 F/A-18 “Hornet” fixed-wing strike fighter aircraft
2863 FAR Fused Augmented Reality
2864 FIWO Force Intelligence Watch Officer
2865 FMS Foreign Military Sales
2866 FNOC Fleet Network Operating Centers
2867 FORCEnet U.S. Navy Enterprise Network
2868 FOT Follow-On Terminal
2869 FoS Family of Systems
2870 FRE Fleet Readiness Enterprise
2871 FSET Fleet Systems Engineering Team
2872 FY Fiscal Year
2873 FYDP Future Year Defense Plan
2874 GBOSS Ground Based Operational Surveillance System
2875 GBS Global Broadcast Service
2876 GCCS-M Global Command and Control System-Maritime
2877 GENSER General Service
2878 GIG Global Information Grid
2879 GNO Global Network Operations
2880 GPNTS Global Positioning System-Based Position, Navigation and Timing Service
2881 GPS Global Positioning System
2882 GQ General Quarters
2883 LAN Local Area Network
2884 LAV Light Armored Vehicle
2885 LCS Hull designation for U.S. Navy Littoral Combat Ship
2886 LDR Large Deployable Reflector
2887 LHA Hull designation for U.S. Navy general purpose amphibious assault ship
2888 LHD Hull designation for U.S. Navy amphibious transport dock ship
2889 LOS Line Of Sight
2890 LNC Legacy Network Consolidation
2891 LSS Lean Six Sigma (process improvement methodology)
2892 Lt. Cdr. Rank designation: Lieutenant Commander (internationally common)
2893 HA/DR Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Response
2894 HBSS Host Based Security System
2895 HCA Humanitarian Civil Assistance
2896 HDR High Data Rate
2897 HEW High-End Warfare
2898 HFIP High Frequency Internet Protocol
2899 HM&E Hull, Mechanical and Electrical
2900 HOA Horn of Africa
2901 HSFAR High Frequency Shipboard Automatic Link Establishment Radio
2902 HQMC Headquarters Marine Corps
2903 IED Improvised Explosive Device
2904 IA Information Assurance or Individual Augmentee
2905 IBR Intelligence Broadcast Receiver
2906 IED Improvised Explosive Device
2907 IM Information Management
2908 INFOCON Information Operations Condition
70
APPENDICES 71
2909 INMARSAT International Marine/Maritime Satellite

2910 INTEL Intelligence
2911 IO Information Operations
2912 IOC Initial Operational Capability
2913 IOT&E Initial Operational test and Evaluation
2914 IP Internet Protocol or Information Professional
2915 IPT Integrated Product Team
2916 IR Infrared
2917 IS Intelligence Specialist
2918 ISR Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
2919 IT Information Technology or Navy occupational rating: Information System
2920 Technician
2921 ITMC Information Technology Management Council
2922 ITRR Information Technology Readiness Review
2923 ISNS Integrated Shipboard Network System
2924 ISR Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance
2925 ISR&T Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance and Targeting
2926 ITRR Information Technology Readiness Review
2927 IW Information Warfare
2928 IWO Information Warfare Officer
2929 IWS Integrated Warfare System
2930 JCA Joint Capability Area
2931 JESTR Joint Expeditionary SIGINT Terminal Response Unit
2932 JFC Joint Force Commander
2933 JFMCC Joint Force Maritime Component Commander
2934 JIIM Joint, Interagency, Intergovernmental, and Multinational
2935 JMAST Joint Mobile Ashore Support Terminal
2936 JPEO Joint Program Executive Office
2937 JSF Joint Strike Fighter (aircraft)
2938 JTF Joint Task Force
2939 JTRS Joint Tactical Radio System
2940 JTT Joint Tactical Terminal
2941 JWICS Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System
2942 KMI Key Management Infrastructure
2943 KSAs Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities
2944 LAN Local Area Network
2945 LAV Light Armored Vehicle
2946 LCS Littoral Combat Ship
2947 LOS Line of Sight
2948 LSS Lean Six Sigma
2949 MAGTAF Marine Air Ground Task Force
2950 MARCORSYSCOM Marine Corps Systems Command
2951 MCCDC Marine Corps Combat Development Command
2952 MCEITS Marine Corps Enterprise Information Technology Services
2953 MCEN Marine Corps Enterprise Network
2954 MCM Hull designation for U.S. Navy Mine Countermeasures Ship
2955 MCNOSC Marine Corps Network Operations and Security Command
2956 MDA Maritime Domain Awareness
2957 MDR Medium Data Rate
71
APPENDICES 72
2958 MEU Marine Expeditionary Unit

2959 METOC Meteorological and Oceanographic
2960 MHQ Maritime Headquarters
2961 MILSATCOM Military Satellite Communications
2962 MNH Mobile Networking Highband
2963 MOC Maritime Operations Center
2964 MOCC Mobile Operations Control Center
2965 MRAP Mine Resistant Ambush Protected
2966 M&S Modeling and Simulation
2967 MSC Military Sealift Command
2968 MUOS Mobile User Objective System
2969 NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
2970 NAVAIR Naval Air Systems Command
2971 NAVCIRT Navy Computer Incident Response Team
2972 NAVGNOSC Naval Global NOSC
2973 NAVSEA Naval Sea Systems Command
2974 NAVSO U.S. Naval Forces Southern Command
2975 NAVSOC Naval Satellite Operations Center
2976 NAVSUP Naval Supply Systems Command
2977 NCC Navy Component Commander
2978 NCDOC Navy Cyber Defense Operations Command
2979 NCMS Naval COMSEC Material System
2980 NCO Network-Centric Operations
2981 NCSIPT Network Consolidation Study Integrated Product Team
2982 NCTAMS Naval Computer and Telecommunications Area Master Station
2983 NCTS Naval Computer and Telecommunications Station
2984 NCW Network-Centric Warfare
2985 NECC Net-Enabled Command Capability
2986 NEN Navy’s Enterprise Networks
2987 NETWARCOM Naval Network Warfare Command
2988 NetOps Network Operations
2989 NGEN Next Generation Network
2990 NGO Non-government Organization
2991 NIIN Naval Integrated Information Networks
2992 NIOC Navy Information Operations Center
2993 NIPRNet Nonsecure Internet Protocol Router Network
2994 NKO Navy Knowledge Online
2995 NMCI Navy and Marine Corps Intranet
2996 NMT Navy Multiband Terminal
2997 NNE Naval Networking Environment
2998 NNFE Naval Net Warfare FORCEnet Enterprise
2999 NOSC Network Operations and Security Center
3000 NRL Naval research Laboratory
3001 NSW Naval Special Warfare
3002 NSIPS Navy Standard Integrated Personnel System
3003 NTN Naval Tactical Networking
3004 NTRM Navy Technical Reference Model
3005 NWDC Naval Warfare Development Command
3006 OA Open Architecture
72
APPENDICES 73
3007 OBCI Ocean Bottom Characterization Initiative

3008 OCONUS Outside Continental United States
3009 ODAA Operational Designated Approving Authority
3010 OEF Operation Enduring Freedom
3011 OGA Other Government Agencies
3012 OIF Operation Iraqi Freedom
3013 ONE-Net Outside Continental United States Navy Enterprise Network
3014 ONR Office of Naval Research
3015 OPC Operations Planning Center
3016 OPNAV Office of the Chief of Naval Operations
3017 OPNAV DCNO Deputy Chief of Naval Operations
3018 OPNAV N1 Manpower, Personnel, Training and Education (Office of the CNO)
3019 OPS Operations
3020 OPNAV N6 Communication Networks (Office of the CNO)
3021 OSA Open System Architecture
3022 OSD Office or the Secretary of Defense
3023 P-3 Designation for U.S. Navy Long-Range ASW aircraft
3024 PED Processing, Exploitation, and Dissemination
3025 PC Hull designation for U.S. Navy Coastal Patrol ship or Personal Communications
3026 PC-MSS Personal Communications-Mobile Satellite Services
3027 PEO Program Executive Office
3028 PEO EIS Program Executive Office - Enterprise Information Systems
3029 PEO C4I Program Executive Office - Command, Control, Communications, Computers and
3030 Intelligence
3031 PKI Public Key Infrastructure
3032 PMW 120 Program Manager, Warfare – Battlespace Awareness and Information Operations
3033 PMW 160 Program Manager, Warfare – Tactical Networks
3034 PMW 170 Program Manager, Warfare – Communications
3035 POM Program Objective Memorandum
3036 POR Program of Record
3037 PP Pacific Partnership
3038 QoL Quality of Life
3039 QoS Quality of Service
3040 RADAR Radio Detection and Ranging

3041 RAMD Rear Admiral
3042 R&D Research and Development
3043 RDA Research, Development, and Acquisition
3044 RDC Rapid Deployment Capability
3045 RF Radio Frequency
3046 RTD&E Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation
3047 SA Situational Awareness
3048 S&T Science and Technology
3049 SATCOM Satellite Communication
3050 SBU Sensitive But Unclassified
3051 SCCVI Secure Configuration Compliance Validation Initiative
3052 SD Strategic Deterrence
3053 SDA Source Data Automation
73
APPENDICES 74
3054 SEAL Sea, Air and Land (refers to Navy Special Warfare personnel)
3055 SECNAV Secretary of the Navy
3056 SELRES Selected Reserve
3057 SEW Space and Electronic Warfare
3058 SIGINT Signals Intelligence
3059 SINGARS Single Channel Ground - Air Radio System
3060 SIPRNet Secret Internet Protocol Router Network
3061 SNR SubNet Relay
3062 SOF Special Operations Forces
3063 SPAWAR Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command
3064 SPO System Program Office
3065 SSBN Hull designation for U.S. Navy Fleet Ballistic Missile Submarine
3066 SSC SPAWAR Systems Center
3067 SSFA SPAWAR Space Field Activity
3068 SSG Strategic Studies Group
3069 SSGN Hull designation for U.S. Navy Guided Missile Submarine
3070 SSN Hull designation for U.S. Navy Attack Submarine
3071 STRATCOM U.S. Strategic Command
3072 SubLAN Submarine Local Area Network
3073 SWAN Shipboard Wide Area Network
3074 SYSCOM Systems Command
3075 TacMobile Tactical/Mobile
3076 T-AH Hull designation for MSC auxiliary hospital ship
3077 T-AKE Hull designation for MSC auxiliary cargo (K) & ammunition (E) ship
3078 TBMCS Theater Battle Management Core Systems
3079 TCS Tactical Cryptologic Support
3080 TDL Tactical Data Link
3081 TBMCS Theater Battle Management Core Systems
3082 TECOM Training and Educational Command
3083 TF Task Force
3084 TLAM Tomahawk Land Attack Missile
3085 TS Top Secret
3086 TS-SCI Top Secret- Sensitive Compartmented Information
3087 TSC Tactical Support Center
3088 TYCOM Type Commander
3089 UAS Unmanned Aircraft System
3090 UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
3091 UCAV Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle
3092 UFO UHF Follow-on (satellite)
3093 UHF Ultra High Frequency
3094 USCG United States Coast Guard
3095 USDC Unmanned Systems Direction Cell
3096 USMC United States Marine Corps
3097 USFFC United States Fleet Forces Command
3098 SDR Software-Defined Radio
3099 SOA Service-Oriented Architecture
3100 VAW U.S. Navy aircraft squadron designation: Airborne Early Warning
3101 VBSS Visit Board Search and Seizure
3102 VHF Very High Frequency
74
APPENDICES 75
3103 VOI Vessel of Interest

3104 VoIP Voice over IP
3105 VTC Video Teleconference
3106 WAN Wide Area Network
3107 WGS Wideband Global SATCOM
3108 WY Work Year
75
APPENDICES 76
3109 Appendix C: Glossary

3110 Amphibious Force: An amphibious task force and a landing force together with other forces that train,
3111 organize, and equip for amphibious operations.
3112
3113 Artificial Intelligence: The intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science which aims to
3114 create it. Major AI textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents," where an
3115 intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize chances of
3116 success. John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956, defines it as "the science and engineering of
3117 making intelligent machines."
3118
3119 Authoritative Data Source: Distinct pieces of information representing facts, concepts, or instructions
3120 formalized for communication, interpretation, or processing by humans or by automatic means.
3121
3122 Battlespace Awareness: The ability to understand dispositions and intentions, as well as the
3123 characteristics and conditions of the operational environment that bear on national and military decision-
3124 making.
3125
3126 Blue in Support of Green: Describes Navy (blue) support to the Marine Corps (green) or other
3127 embarked amphibious forces.
3128
3129 C4I: Command, Control, Communication, Computers, and Intelligence.
3130
3131 Combatant Command: A unified or specified command with a broad continuing mission under a
3132 single commander established and so designated by the President, through SECDEF and with the advice
3133 and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Combatant commands typically have
3134 geographic or functional responsibilities.
3135
3136 Command and Control: Also called C2. Exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated
3137 commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. Commanders
3138 perform C2 functions through an arrangement of personnel, equipment, communications, facilities, and
3139 procedures in planning, directing, coordinating, and controlling forces and operations in mission
3140 accomplishment.
3141
3142 Common Computing Environment: Naval work in progress to develop interoperability standards
3143 among high-performance computing components. The driving force is the need for faster connections
3144 among components and the need to address scalable performance issues on parallel with distributed
3145 architectures.
3146
3147 Computer Network Attack: Actions taken with computer networks to disrupt, deny, degrade, or
3148 destroy information resident in computers/computer networks, or the computers/computer networks
3149 themselves.
3150
3151 Computer Network Defense: Actions taken to protect, monitor, analyze, detect, and respond to
3152 unauthorized activity within DoD information systems and computer networks.
3153
76
APPENDICES 77
3154 Computer Security: Protection resulting from all measures to deny unauthorized access and
3155 exploitation of friendly computer systems.
3156
3157 Cryogenics: The study of the production of very low temperature (below –150 °C, –238 °F or 123 K),
3158 generally using liquefied gases such as nitrogen and helium, and the behavior of materials at those
3159 temperatures. Of particular interest is application of cryogenics to benefit radio frequency device
3160 superconductivity.
3161
3162 Critical Infrastructure Protection: Actions taken to prevent, remediate, or mitigate risks resulting
3163 from critical infrastructure asset vulnerabilities.
3164
3165 Crypto security: The component of communications security that results from the provision of
3166 technically sound cryptosystems and their proper use.
3167
3168 Cross-Functional Team: A team whose membership includes those from more than one organizational
3169 function who have responsibility for some portion of an identified process.
3170
3171 Cyberspace: A global domain within the information environment consisting of interdependent network
3172 of IT infrastructures, including the internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, and
3173 embedded processors and controllers.
3174
3175 Cyberspace Operations: The employment of cyber capabilities where the primary purpose is to
3176 achieve military objectives or effects in or through cyberspace. Such operations include Computer
3177 Network Operations and activities to operate and defend the Global Information Grid.
3178
3179 Data Interoperability: The ability to exchange and use data elements and values in any form between
3180 two or more systems or components (applications, segments, interfaces, etc.) in order for them to
3181 operate effectively and efficiently together.
3182
3183 Data Standard: Comprises a common element and language that enables processes and their supporting
3184 information systems to integrate across and within functions, improving the quality and productivity of
3185 enterprise performance.
3186
3187 Data Strategy/Semantic Web: Next-generation data sharing that involves community agreement,
3188 governance, implementation policy, data modeling, and validation. Semantic Web, the evolving next-
3189 generation World Wide Web, is part of the technological solution that enables computers to process
3190 machine-readable data more effectively. The Semantic Web makes data “smarter,” allowing web-based
3191 tools to perform search, filtering, and aggregation processes better. Semantic Web interoperability
3192 makes it easier for people to collaborate on data, share information, and most importantly—drive
3193 decision-making processes encapsulated as “services.”
3194
3195 Database: A collection of interrelated data, often with controlled redundancy, organized according to a
3196 schema to serve one or more applications.
3197
3198 Decision Superiority: Ability to take advantage of superior information, convert it to superior
3199 knowledge, and make better decisions arrived at and implemented faster than an opponent can react; in a
3200 noncombat environment, at a tempo that allows the commander to shape the situation, react to change,
3201 and accomplish the mission.
77
APPENDICES 78
3202 Disaster Relief: Prompt aid to alleviate the suffering of disaster victims. Normally it includes
3203 humanitarian services and transportation; the provision of food, clothing, medicine, beds, and bedding;
3204 temporary shelter and housing; the furnishing of medical materiel and medical and technical personnel;
3205 and making repairs to essential services.
3206
3207 Enterprise: An organization considered as a whole entity or system designed to foster collaboration and
3208 tighten cross-organizational linkages necessary to deliver warfighting readiness and capability
3209 effectively and efficiently.
3210
3211 Free-Form Force: A radically new approach to future maritime forces operating in an uncertain,
3212 increasingly complex environment. More US maritime forces will be forward deployed for longer
3213 periods of time, in areas where they have not traditionally operated, gaining a deeper understanding of
3214 regional events. These adaptable, flexible maritime forces can influence events and more effectively
3215 respond to crisis, even de-escalate a dangerous or unstable trend before it amplifies. Forces will be more
3216 flexible in their response (scale up or down) to a wider mission set, a greater range of potential
3217 challenges and conflicts. Equipped with a broader range of capabilities, the forces can be properly scaled
3218 to match with partners or defeat adversaries, capture the tempo, and influence the environment before a
3219 crisis develops.
3220
3221 Global Command and Control System: A deployable command and control system with compatible,
3222 interoperable, and integrated communications systems that support forces in joint and multinational
3223 operations across the range of military operations. Also called GCCS.
3224
3225 Global Information Grid: A single secure network grid providing seamless end-to-end capabilities to
3226 all warfighting, national security, and support users.
3227 Humanitarian Assistance: Programs to relieve or reduce the results of natural or man-made disasters or
3228 other endemic conditions such as human pain, disease, hunger, or privation that might present a serious
3229 threat to life or that can result in great damage to or loss of property. Humanitarian assistance provided
3230 is limited in scope and duration.
3231
3232 Information Assurance: Measures that protect and defend information/information systems by
3233 ensuring their availability, integrity, authentication, confidentiality, and nonrepudiation. Includes
3234 providing for restoration of information systems by incorporating protection, detection, and reaction
3235 capabilities.
3236
3237 Information Operations: Integrated employment of core capabilities of electronic warfare, computer
3238 network operations, psychological operations, military deception, and operations security in concert with
3239 specified supporting and related capabilities to influence, disrupt, corrupt, or usurp adversarial human
3240 and automated decision making while protecting our own.
3241
3242 Information Superiority: The capability to collect, process, and disseminate an uninterrupted flow of
3243 information while exploiting or denying an adversary’s ability to do the same. Information superiority is
3244 achieved in a noncombat situation or one in which there are no clearly defined adversaries when friendly
3245 forces have the information necessary to accomplish operational objectives. It is that degree of
3246 dominance in the info domain that allows friendly forces the ability to collect, control, exploit, and
3247 defend info without effective opposition.
78
APPENDICES 79
3248 Information System: The entire infrastructure, organization, personnel, software, and components that
3249 collect, process, store, transmit, display, disseminate, and act on information.
3250
3251 Information Technology: Any equipment or interconnected system that is used in the automatic
3252 acquisition, storage, manipulation, management, movement, control, display, switching, interchange,
3253 transmission, or reception of data or information. Includes National Security Systems, computers,
3254 ancillary equipment, software, firmware, and similar services.
3255
3256 Information Warfare: Offensive and defensive use of information and information systems to exploit,
3257 corrupt, or destroy an adversary’s information and information systems while protecting one’s own.
3258
3259 Kinetic Means: Ability to create effects that rely on explosives or physical momentum (i.e., of, relating
3260 to, or produced by motion).
3261
3262 Intelligent Agent: In artificial intelligence, an intelligent agent (IA) is an autonomous entity, which
3263 observes and acts upon an environment (i.e., it is an agent) and directs its activity towards achieving
3264 goals (i.e., it is rational). IAs may also learn or use knowledge to achieve their goals. They may be very
3265 simple or very complex: a reflex machine such as a thermostat is an intelligent agent, as is a human
3266 being, as is a community of human beings working together towards a goal.
3267 Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance: Ability to conduct activities to meet the intelligence
3268 needs of national and military decision-makers.
3269
3270 Legacy Applications: Software programs written to perform a function using input data elements
3271 (database) and producing output data elements (product). Software programs (applications) can reside in
3272 any one or all of the following: a mainframe computer, a server, and a desktop computer.
3273
3274 Logistics: Ability to project and sustain a logistically ready joint force through the deliberate sharing of
3275 national and multinational resources to effectively support operations, extend operational reach, and
3276 provide the joint force commander the freedom of action necessary to meet mission objectives.
3277
3278 Marine Corps C4: Director C4/Marine Corps CIO is responsible for planning, directing, coordinating,
3279 and overseeing C4 and IT capabilities that support the warfighting functions. The Department influences
3280 the combat development process by establishing policy and standards for developing the enterprise
3281 architecture. The intent is to achieve joint and combined interoperability.
3282
3283 Maritime Domain Awareness: The effective understanding of anything associated with the global
3284 maritime domain that could affect the security, safety, economy, or environment of the US. MDA is a
3285 key component of an active, layered maritime defense in depth. It will be achieved by improving our
3286 ability to collect, fuse, analyze, display, and disseminate actionable information and intelligence to
3287 operational commanders.
3288
3289 Metadata: Information describing the characteristics of data; data or information about data; and
3290 descriptive information about an organization’s data, data activities, systems, and holdings.
3291
3292 Modeling and Simulation: The M&S community provides simulation systems to improve operational
3293 decision-making, assessment, experimentation, training, and acquisition. M&S systems are designed to
3294 test a robust, responsive, and constantly present capability in order to visualize alternatives, predict
3295 outcomes, and provide improved course-of-action assessments for decision makers.
79
APPENDICES 80
3296 Nanotechnology: The study of the control of matter on an atomic and molecular scale, generally
3297 dealing with structures the size 100 nanometers or smaller (smaller than a human hair). Experimentation
3298 in nanotechnology has the potential to create new materials and devices with wide-ranging applications
3299 in military operations, medicine, electronics, and energy production.
3300
3301 Naval Network Warfare Command: The Navy's TYCOM for network and IT requirements,
3302 intelligence, network and IO, and space. NETWARCOM is charged with operating a secure and
3303 interoperable naval network that will enable effects-based operations and innovation. NETWARCOM
3304 coordinates and assesses the Navy operational requirements for and use of the Naval network, command
3305 and control, information technology, information operations and space.
3306
3307 Naval Netwar FORCEnet Enterprise: Also called NNFE. A Warfighting Enterprise comprising
3308 NETWARCOM as the CEO, SPAWARSYSCOM, OPNAV N6, and USMC C4.
3309
3310 Network-Centric Warfare, now commonly called Network-Centric Operations, is a military doctrine
3311 or theory of war pioneered by the DoD. It seeks to translate an information advantage, enabled in part by
3312 IT, into a competitive warfighting advantage through the robust networking of well-informed
3313 geographically dispersed forces. This networking, combined with changes in technology, organization,
3314 processes, and people, allows new forms of organizational behavior.
3315
3316 Network Operations: Activities conducted to operate and defend the Global Information Grid. Also
3317 called NETOPS.
3318
3319 Node: A location in a mobility system where a movement requirement is originated, processed for
3320 onward movement, or terminated. In communications and computer systems, the physical location that
3321 provides terminating, switching, and gateway access services to support information exchange.
3322
3323 Nonkinetic Means: The ability to create effects that do not rely on explosives or physical momentum.
3324 (e.g., directed energy, computer viruses/hacking, chemical, and biological weapons).
3325
3326 Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OPNAV) N6: The N6 Directorate optimizes Navy network
3327 and C4I communications investments in the net-centric battlespace through centralized coordination of
3328 Navy warfighting and warfighting support analysis/assessments, Navy network capability development
3329 and integration, joint and Navy requirements development, and resource programming across the
3330 OPNAV staff and fleet commands.
3331
3332 Overseas Contingency Operations: Term describing kinetic and nonkinetic OCONUS military
3333 operations.
3334
3335 Program Executive Office (PEO) C4I: Acquires, fields, and supports C4I systems that extend across
3336 Navy, joint, and coalition platforms. This includes managing acquisition programs and projects that
3337 cover all C4I disciplines: applications, networks, communications, ISR systems for afloat platforms and
3338 shore commands to enable decision superiority and ensure the mission success of our naval forces
3339
3340 Readiness: The ability of forces, units, weapon systems, and/or equipment to deliver the outputs for
3341 which they were designed, including the ability to deploy and employ without unacceptable delays.
3342 Sensor: Any device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal that can be read by an
3343 observer or by an instrument. Sensors are employed throughout the military (RADAR, SONAR,
3344 METOC, video cameras, etc) for security, Battlespace Awareness, and C2 applications.
80
APPENDICES 81
3345
3346 Standardization: The process by which the DoD achieves the closest practicable cooperation among
3347 the services and defense agencies for the most efficient use of research, development, and production
3348 resources, and agrees to adopt on the broadest possible basis the use of common or compatible
3349 operational, administrative, and logistic procedures using common or compatible technical procedures
3350 and criteria.
3351 Stovepipe: Legacy or stand-alone computing system limited in focus and functionality that cannot
3352 interoperate or refactor with other systems or networks.
3353 Teleportation: The transfer of matter from one point to another, more or less instantaneously, r through
3354 technological artifice. Teleportation has been widely utilized in works of science fiction.
3355 Universal Core: A federal standard that improves information exchange within and across communities
3356 by providing an easy-to-use “common starting point” framework for sharing the most commonly used
3357 data concepts (“who,” “what,” “when,” and “where”) across a broad stakeholder base.
3358 Watch Station: The operational organization aboard a ship designed to conduct and coordinate around-
3359 the-clock operations of a naval vessel.
81
APPENDICES 82
3360 Appendix D: Image Credits

3361
3362 COVER: Photo illustration by Dave Bradford
3363
3364 OPENING LETTER
3365
3366 i-ii U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class James R. Evans
3367
3368 TABLE OF CONTENTS
3369
3370 iii-iv U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Apprentice Joshua Adam Nuzzo
3371
3372 ROLES AND CURRENT THREATS
3373
3374 THE ENVIRONMENT
3375
3376 1-2 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Kirk Worley
3377 3-4 U.S. Navy photograph by Photographer's Mate Airman (AW/SW) Christine Singh
3378
3379 NNFE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
3380
3381 5-6 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communications Specialist 3rd Class Kathleen Gorby
3382 7-8 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communications Specialist 2nd Class Jason R. Zalasky
3383 9-10 U.S. Navy photo By Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Joseph Seavey
3384
3385 CURRENT CAPABILITY
3386
3387 11-12 U.S. Navy Photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Robert Keilman
3388 13-14 U.S. Marine Corps photo by Sergeant Dean Davis
3389 15-16 U.S. Army photo by Specialist David J. Marshall
3390 17-18 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd class Daniel A. Barker
3391 19-20 U.S. Marine Corps photo by Corporal Pete Thibodeau
3392 21-22 U.S. Army photo by Sgt. Prentice C. Martin-Bowen
3393 23-24 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class David Didier
3394 25-26 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Kimberly Clifford
3395 27-28 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication 1st Class Tiffini M. Jones
3396 29-30 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Eric L. Beauregard
3397 31-32 Photo Illustration by Dave Bradford
3398 33-34 Image courtesy of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Photo Illustration by Dave Bradford
3399 35-36 U.S. Navy photo by Rick Naystatt
3400 37-38 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Corey Lewis
3401 39-40 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Walter M. Wayman
3402 41-42 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Daisy Abonza
3403 43-44 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Brian Hudson
3404 45-46 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Ron Reeves
3405 47-48 U.S. Navy photo
3406 49-50 U.S. Navy photo by Photographer's Mate 2nd Class Greg Roberts
82
APPENDICES 83
3407 FUTURE CAPABILITY

3408
3409 51-52 Photo courtesy of Lockheed Martin
3410
3411 CONVERGE NETWORKS
3412
3413 53-54 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Jhoan Montolio
3414 55-56 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Chad R. Erdmann
3415 57-58 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Walter M. Wayman
3416 59-60 Photo courtesy of EDS
3417 61-62 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Apprentice Oliver Cole
3418 63-64 U.S. Navy photo by Lt. Scott Miller
3419
3420 DECOUPLE SERVICES
3421
3422 65-66 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class James Seward
3423 67-68 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communications Specialist 3rd Class James R. Evans
3424 69-70 U.S. Navy photo by Lt. Doug Morea
3425 71-72 U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. Hector Garcia
3426 73-74 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class James R. Evans
3427
3428 ENHANCE CURRENT CAPABILITY
3429
3430 75-76 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Kathleen A. Gorby
3431 77-78 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class John W. Ciccarelli Jr.
3432 79-80 U.S. Marine Corps photo by Cpl. Alex C. Guerra. Photo illustration by Dave Bradford
3433 81-82 U.S. Navy photo by Photographer’s Mate 1st Class Bart Bauer
3434 83-84 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Joseph M. Buliavac
3435
3436 REORGANIZATION
3437
3439 87-88 Photo by Chief Journalist James G. Pinsky
3440 89-90 Photo by Journalist 3rd Class Jesus Uranga.
3442
3443 OPERATIONALIZE C2
3444
3445 93-94 U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Isaac B. Scruggs
3446 95-96 U.S. Marine Corps photo by Cpl. Patrick M. Johnson-Campbell
3447 97-98 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Heidi McCormick
3448 99-100 U.S. Navy photo by Photographer's Mate 2nd Class Michael Sandberg
3449 101-102 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Jennifer S. Kimball
3450 103-104 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Michelle L. Kapica
3451 105-106 U.S. Air Force photo by Jim Shryne
3452 107-108 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Heidi J. Giacalone
83
APPENDICES 84
3453 CYBER WARFARE

3454
3456 111-112 U.S. Marine Corps photo by Cpl. William J. Faffler
3459
3460 TOTAL WORKFORCE
3461
3463 119 -120 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Corey Lewis
3464
3465 STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY
3466
3467 121-122 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Tiffini M. Jones
3468 123-124 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Elliott Fabrizio
3469 125-126 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Jon Husman
3470 127-128 U.S. Navy photograph by Journalist 3rd Class Marc Rockwell-Pate
3471 129-130 Image courtesy of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Photo Illustration by Dave Bradford
3472 131-132 U.S. Navy photo by Photographer's Mate 3rd Class Aaron Burden
3473 133-134 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Brian A. Goyak
3474 Alt photo - U.S. Marine Corps photo by Sgt Andres Alcaraz
3476
3477 SUMMARY
3478 137-138 U.S. Navy photo by Gary Nichols
3479 APPENDICES
3480
3481 A. Major Contractors:
3482
3483 139-140 U.S. Navy photo by Engineman 1st Class Matthew Bodenner
3484
3485 B. Acronyms and Abbreviations:
3486
3487 141-142 USMC photo by Lance Corporal Gregory Seufert
3488 143-144 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Tiffini M. Jones
3489 145-146 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Jonathan Snyder
3490 147-148 U.S. Navy photo by Chief Mass Communication Specialist Joe Kane
3491
3492 C. Glossary:
3493
3494 149-150 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Joseph M. Buliavac
3495 151-152 USMC photo by Cpl. Scott McAdam
3496 153-154 USMC photo by Sgt. GP Ingersoll
84
APPENDICES 85
3497 D. Image Credits:

3498
3499 155-156 U.S. Navy photo by Senior Chief Mass Communication Specialist Kevin S. Farmer
3500
3501 E. Links:
3502
3503 157-158 U.S. Marine Corps photo by Sergeant. Jason W. Fudge
3504
3505 F. Acknowledgements:
3506
3507 159-160 U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Chad J. McNeeley
85
APPENDICES 86
3508 Appendix E: Links

3509
3510 ROLES AND CURRENT THREATS
3511
3512 Global Trends 2025: A Transformed World
3513 http://www.dni.gov/nic/NIC_2025_project.html
3514
3515 Naval Networks FORCEnet Enterprise
3516 http://www.netwarcom.navy.mil/nnfe/nnfe.htm
3517
3518 A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower
3519 http://www.navy.mil/maritime/MaritimeStrategy.pdf
3520
3521
3522 CURRENT CAPABILITY
3523
3524 SPAWAR SSC PAC Blog: Corporate Strategy Group
3525 http://blog.spawar.navy.mil/dsg/
3526
3527 National Defense Strategy
3528 http://www.defenselink.mil/news/2008%20national%20defense%20strategy.pdf
3529
3530 National Security and Nuclear Weapons in the 21st Century
3531 http://www.defenselink.mil/news/nuclearweaponspolicy.pdf
3532
3533 PEO C4I Programs
3534 http://enterprise.spawar.navy.mil/body.cfm?type=c&category=38&subcat=191
3535
3536 PEO Command, Control, Computers, Communications, and Intelligence (PEO C4I)
3538
3539 Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS)
3540 http://jpeojtrs.mil
3541
3542 FUTURE CAPABILITY
3543 PEO C4I Master Plan (CAC enabled)
3544 https://nserc.navy.mil/peo_c4i/se2/dpeo/dpeotechdir/Lists/Announcements/DispForm.aspx?ID=2&Source=https%3
3545 A%2F%2Fnserc%2Enavy%2Emil%2Fpeo%5Fc4i%2Fse2%2Fdpeo%2Fdpeotechdir%2Fdefault%2Easpx
3546
3547 USMC C4 Campaign Plan (CAC enabled)
3548 https://hqdod.hqmc.usmc.mil/MarineBooklet8Spreads.pdf
3549
3550 USMC Integrated Communications Strategy (v.2.5) (CAC enabled)
3551 https://hqdod.hqmc.usmc.mil/ICS/index.htm
3552
3553 Program Executive Office for Enterprise Information Systems (PEO EIS)
3555
3556 ONENET
3557 http://www.nctsfe.navy.mil/ONE-NET.htm
3558
3559 Naval Networking Environment: ~2016 Capstone Roadmap Summary Book v. 1.0 05-28-09
3560 [Placeholder for published doc; currently in draft form and should replace doc immediately below]
3561
86
APPENDICES 87
3562 DON Naval Networking Environment (NNE) Strategic Definition, Scope, and Strategy
3563 http://www.doncio.navy.mil/Policyview.aspx?ID=659
3564
3565 National Plan to Achieve Maritime Domain Awareness
3566 http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/HSPD_MDAPlan.pdf
3567
3568 CYBER WARFARE
3569 National Cyberspace Strategy
3570 [Placeholder for doc possibly to be published soon]
3571
3572 Computer Network Defense Roadmap:
3573 http://www.doncio.navy.mil/Products.aspx?ID=1023
3574
3575 TOTAL WORKFORCE
3576 DoN Human Capital Strategy: Building and Managing the Total Naval Force
3577 http://www.donhcs.com/
3578
3579 Office of the Chief of Naval Operations
3580 http://www.navy.mil/navydata/organization/org-cno.asp
3581
3582 STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY
3583 Naval Science and Technology Strategic Plan:
3584 http://www.onr.navy.mil/about/docs/0703_naval_st_strategy.pdf
3585
3586 USMC Science and Technology Strategic Plan:
3587 http://www.onr.navy.mil/about/docs/2007-marine-corps-strategic-plan.pdf
3588
3589 USMC Strategic Vision Group
3590 http://www.quantico.usmc.mil/activities/?Section=SVG
87
APPENDICES 88
3591 Acknowledgements
3592
3593 Naval NETWAR FORCEnet Enterprise Plan 2009
3594
3595 Project Sponsor
3596 RADM Michael C. Bachmann, Commander, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command
3597
3598 Project Director
3599 Craig Madsen, SPAWAR HQ
3600
3601 Project Manager
3602 Suzanne Lang, OMNITEC Solutions, Inc.
3603
3604 Head Writer /Researcher/ Managing Editor
3605 Mimi Kotner, OMNITEC Solutions, Inc.
3606
3607 Art Director
3608 Dave Bradford, OMNITEC Solutions, Inc.
3609
3610 Designer / Researcher / Writer
3611 Rick Naystatt, OMNITEC Solutions, Inc.
3612
3613 Coordination
3614 Lily Aragon, Kros-Wise Consulting
3615
3616 Project Leads
3617 Roger Boss, SSC PAC
3618 RDML Michael Browne, USN
3619 Gary Burnette, SSC PAC
3620 Barbette Lowndes, SPAWAR HQ
3621 Paul Shaw, SPAWAR HQ
3622 Ron Stites, NETWARCOM
3623 Charlie Suggs, PEO C4I
3624 Dave Summer, NETWARCOM
3625 Tom Sweet, Iocentric Solutions
3626 Scott Truver, PhD, Gryphon Technologies
3627 Delores Washburn, PMW 160
3628 Ruth Youngs-Lew, PEO C4I
3629 Lee Zimmerman, SSC PAC
88
APPENDICES 89
3630 Special Acknowledgements

3631
3632 Many thanks to all those throughout the Naval NETWAR FORCEnet Enterprise who contributed to the
3633 success of this document. Particular thanks and gratitude go out to:
3634
3635 Jerry Almazan; CDR Kevin Barrett, USN; Rachel Bates; Ted Berger; George Bieber; Robert Bradley;
3636 Sarah Burnett; RDML Jerry Burroughs (sel), USN; CAPT Donna Cherry, USN; James Churchill; David
3637 Crotty; Michael Davis; Steve Davis; Sheila Divelbiss; Stanley Douglass; Doris Eiswald; Al Emondi; Jim
3638 Fallin; Stephani Fohring; Theodore Follas; LCDR Doug Gabos, USN; Raymond Gajan; Jacqueline
3639 Goff; Deborah Gonzales; CAPT Chris Granger, USMC; Dan Green; CDR Scott Heller, USN; Rhonda
3640 Hoeckley; Joan Holland; Andrea Houck; Terry Howell; Michael Hutter; Jeff T. Jones; Robert
3641 Kamensky; Sarah Lamade; Jeffrey Lauff; Maryann Lawlor; LT Miguel Macias, USN; MAJ David
3642 Manka, USMC; Diego Martinez; Anthony Mattaliano; Michael McBeth; Keven Nelson; CAPT Lourdes
3643 Neilan, USN; Jere Norman; Kent Pelot; John Pierce; Robert Poor; LT Merzon Quiazon, USN; John
3644 Quintana; Paul Shaw; Stacey Skinner; Terri Smith; Wendy Smidt; Skip Thaeler; VADM Jerry Tuttle,
3645 USN (ret.); Elizabeth Updegrove; M. Gail Workman.
3646
3647
3648 Special thanks to the Strategic Planning and Communications Team from OMNITEC Solutions, Inc. for
3649 their expertise in writing, editing, and designing this document.
3650
3651 Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.
3652
3653 Google Earth™ Mapping Services is a trademark of Google, Inc.
89

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Naval Netwar FORCEnet Enterprise Plan

June 24, 2009

Deputy Chief of Naval Operations

ROLES AND CURRENT THREATS

NNFE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ........................................................................................................................... 2

CURRENT CAPABILITY: TODAY'S NAVY AND MARINE CORPS

SUPPORTING FLEET OPERATIONS ............................................................................................................................... 16

ENHANCE CURRENT CAPABILITY ................................................................................................................................ 34

FUTURE ALIGNMENT ........................................................................................................................................................ 39

TOTAL WORKFORCE: OUR PEOPLE

STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY: NAVY AND MARINE CORPS AFTER NEXT

An Illustration of the Vision: Orange vs. Purple ....................................................................................................................... 57

Aboard the USS Harry S. Truman (CVN 75), Year 2029......................................................................................................... 57

Appendix B: Acronyms and Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................... 68

Appendix D: Image Credits.................................................................................................................................................... 82

Appendix E: Links .................................................................................................................................................................. 86

Leadership Quotes Included in the Table of Contents

ROLES AND CURRENT THREATS

OUR PEOPLE: TOTAL WORKFORCE

17 Collaborative Decision Making

40 NNFE Spearheading Network Transformation

76 NNFE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

114 NNFE Delivers FORCEnet

133 NNFE Executes the Maritime Strategy

218 NNFE: First in Decision Superiority

250 OVERSEAS OPERATIONS

254 Marines Networking on the Move

284 New C4I Front-Line Technologies

301 MRAP C4I Integration

334 ISR: Sensors

345 • Scan Eagle

378 • Undersea Sensors

389 Mobile Operations Control Center (MOCC)

408 Information Operations (IO) Provider

430 • Tactical Cryptologic Support (TCS) Teams

440 • Joint Expeditionary SIGINT Terminal Response Unit (JESTR)

444 • Combined Explosives Exploitation Cell (CEXC)

463 Tactical Communications

468 Blue in Support of Green

474 Enhanced Manpack UHF Terminal (EMUT)

485 Commercial Broadband Satellite Program (CBSP)

502 Communications at Speed and Depth (CSD)

521 Common Submarine Radio Room (CSRR)

533 SubNet Relay (SNR) and High-Frequency Internet Protocol (HFIP)

541 Coalition Partners

568 MDA and Defense in Depth

583 CENTRIXS Building Partnerships

599 Fleet Operations – Space

606 Ultimate High Ground

630 Space-Enabled Net-Centric Operations

652 SUPPORTING FLEET OPERATIONS

711 Team SPAWAR

723 Functions and Infrastructure

788 Wireless and Mobile Computing

803 Shipboard Grooming: Predeployment Inspection and Certification

810 IT Readiness Review (ITRR)

817 • Procurement and systems operation validation testing

822 NNFE Fleet Technical Support

830 Navy “Business” – Corporate Operations

845 Navy Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

884 Continuous Process Improvement (CPI)

900 “Back Office” Operations