Immunology Guiding Questions

 Describe the 3 lines of defense.

 Differentiate physical from chemical factors, and list examples of each.
 Describe the role of normal microbiota in innate immunity.
 Why is the skin so important in the line of defense?
 What are some antimicrobial substances found in skin and mucous membranes that are
involved in the first line of defense?
 What is the formation of blood cells called?
 The presence of which white blood cell would indicate a helminth (worm) infection?
 Be able to match the WBC name to its function.
 Explain phagocytosis.
 Identify mechanisms of avoiding destruction by phagocytosis.
 Describe the cause and effects of fever.
 Compare and contrast the actions of IFN-α and IFN-β with IFN-.
 What is the importance of Pattern recognition receptors?
 What is the complement system?
 What are the potential outcomes of the complement system?
 Be able to match cytokines to their function.
 What is the purpose of inflammation?
 During inflammation, what is the purpose of dilated blood vessels?
 What are the components of pus?
 What is the purpose of fever?
 Differentiate innate and adaptive immunity.
 What is the difference in T cell response (and types of t cells) and B cell response (and
types of B cells)?
 What is an antigen? What is an antibody?
 Why would you feel around your patient’s neck if they presented with Strep Throat?
 What are the outcomes of Antibody-Antigen Binding?
 Explain antibody function, and describe the structural and chemical characteristics of
antibodies.
 Compare and contrast T-dependent and T-independent antigens.
 Differentiate plasma cell from memory cell.
 Describe clonal selection.
 Describe four outcomes of an antigen–antibody reaction.
 Differentiate T helper and T cytotoxic cells.
 Differentiate TH1, TH2, and TH17 cells.
 Contrast the four types of adaptive immunity. (Natural Passive, Natural Active, Artificial
Passive, Artificial Active)

Vaccine Guiding Questions

 Why was variolation used?
 Who is Edward Jenner and why is he important?
 Types of Immunity
 How does Herd Immunity work? Why is in not an effective strategy right now for COVID-
19?
 How does the Threshold impact Herd Immunity? (Why is it so important that a higher
percentage of people have the measles vaccine?)
 Compare Attenuated and Inactivated vaccines. What are the pros and cons of each?
 How do Vaccines work? (Use this to help you with B/T cell response)
 How are vaccines made?
 Be able to answer the common Vaccine misconceptions.