2.

2 Estimate of Power Demand

The basis for planning and sizing power distribution is machinery (motors, pumps, etc.), the demand of individual
knowing the equipment to be connected and the resulting functional areas (office, parking, shop, …) must be ascer-
total power demand. Besides the power demand of large tained (Tab. 2/3 and Tab. 2/4).

Average power Simultaneity Average building Average cost for heavy-

demand 1) factor 2) cost per walled-in current installation in a
Building use area walled-in area 2)

[W / m2] g [€ / m3] [€ / m3]

Bank 40–70 0.6 300 – 500 25 – 50
Library 20 – 40 0.6 300 – 450 20 – 40
Office 30 – 50 0.6 250 – 400 17 – 40
Shopping centre 30 – 60 0.6 150 – 300 12 – 35
Hotel 30 – 60 0.6 200 – 450 10 – 35
Department store 30 – 60 0.8 200 – 350 20 – 45
Small hospital (40-80 beds) 250 – 400 0.6 300 – 600 18 – 50
Hospital (200-500 beds) 80 – 120 0.6 200 – 500 10 – 40
Warehouse (no cooling) 2 – 20 0.6 50 – 120 3 – 18
Cold store 500 – 1,500 0.6 150 – 200 10 – 20
Apartment complex (without night
storage / continuous-flow water 10 – 30 0.4 180 – 350 18 – 35
heater)
Single-family house (without night
storage / continuous-flow water 10 – 30 0.4
heater)
Museum 60 – 80 0.6 300 – 450 20 – 40
Parking garage 3 – 10 0.6 100 – 200 7 – 15
Production plant 30 – 80 0.6 100 – 200 10 – 40
Data centre 3) 125 – 2,000 3) 0.4 – 0.9 3) 360 – 4,500 3) 60 – 2,200 3)
School 10 – 30 0.6 200 – 400 15 – 30
Gym hall 15 – 30 0.6 150 – 300 8 – 25
Stadium (40,000 – 80,000 seats) 70 – 140 **) 0.6 3,000 – 5,000 **) 30 – 70 **)
Old people’s home 15 – 30 0.6 200 – 400 10 – 25
Greenhouse (artificial lighting) 250 – 500 0.6 50 – 100 5 – 20
Laboratory / Research 100 – 200 0.6
Mechanical engineering industry 100 – 200 0.4
Rubber industry 300 – 500 0.6
Chemical industry ***) 0.6
Food, beverages and tobacco industry 600 – 1,000 0.8
1) The values specified here are guidelines for demand estimation and cannot substitute precise power demand analysis.
2) The simultaneity factor is a guideline for preliminary planning and must be adapted for individual projects.
3) For data centres, Tab. 2/5 and its associated explanations show the boundary conditions and simple calculations for the given estimated values and their wide

margins.
*) Per bed approx. 2,000–4,000 W; **) Per seat; ***) Power demand strongly process-dependent

Tab. 2/3: Average power demand of buildings according to their type of use

18 Totally Integrated Power – Basics for Drafting Electrical Power Distribution Systems
 Functional area / Average power Simultaneity Functional area /
Simultaneity factor 2)
1
building area demand 1) factor 2) building area
g
[W / m2]
Hallway / anteroom, lobby 5 – 15
g
0.3 Building installations
2
Staircase 5 – 15 0.3 Escalator 0.5
Equipment, general 5 – 15 0.3 Lift 0.3 3
Foyer 10 – 30 1 Sanitary systems 0.5
Access ways (e.g. tunnel) 10 – 20 1 Sprinklers 0.1
Recreation room / kitchenette 20 – 50 0.3 Heating 0.8 4
Toilet areas 5 – 15 1 Air conditioning 0.8
Travel centre 60 – 80 0.8 Cooling water system 0.7
Office areas 20 – 40 0.8 Refrigeration 0.7 5
Press / bookshop 80 – 120 0.8
Flower shop 80 – 120 0.8
Bakery / butcher 250 – 350 0.8 6
Fruit / vegetables 80 – 120 0.8 Functional area / Average power
building area demand 1)
Bistro / ice cream parlour 150 – 250 0.8
Snack bar 180 – 220 0.8 [W / m2]
7
Electric floor heating,
Diner / restaurant 180 – 400 0.8 65 – 100
living area

Tobacco shop 80 – 120 0.8

Electric floor heating,
130 – 150
8
bathroom
Night storage heating: low-
Hairdresser 220 – 280 0.8 60 – 70
energy house
Night storage heating:
9
Dry-cleaner’s / laundry 700 – 950 0.7 house with “standard” 100 – 110
insulation
Storage area 5 – 15 0.3 Small aircon unit 60 10
Photovoltaics 3)
Kitchens 200 – 400 0.7 (max. output of the 100 – 130

1)
modules)
The values specified here are guidelines for demand estimation and cannot substitute precise power demand analysis.
11
2) The simultaneity factor is a guideline for preliminary planning and must be adapted for individual projects. When dimensioning consumers in the safety power
supply system (SPS), their simultaneity factor must be considered separately (empirical value: g ≥ 0.8 for SPS busbar).

12
3) Average usable sun radiation in Germany per day 2.75 kWh / m2

Tab. 2/4: Average power demand of various functional / building areas

2.2.1 Special Consideration of the Cost
Situation for a Data Centre
For a data centre, there are a number of factors influenc-
ing, among other things, the specific power demand.
Important aspects which result in a wide bandwidth of the
estimations of power demand, simultaneity factor and
specific costs are as follows:
• Differentiation between a self-contained building (data
centre) or the ICT areas in a building
• Different technologies for air conditioning and power
supply influence space requirements and energy effi-
ciency
13
• Requirements as to availability determine redundancy
and safety systems 14
The following assumptions are to be made for data cen-
tre-specific cost estimates: 15
• An area-specific power demand of 125 to 1,500 W / m2
is assumed for a self-contained data centre (DaC in
Tab. 2/5). The low value suggests a large space required
for information technology and infrastructure (for exam-
16
ple owing to high redundancies), whereas the high value
suggests a high packing density of servers in the racks
and modern cooling and power supply systems 17

Totally Integrated Power – Basics for Drafting Electrical Power Distribution Systems 19