MAPÚA UNIVERSITY

Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

EXPERIMENT NO. 3
STEAM INJECTOR

NAME: Mahmud, Ali R. DATE OF PERFORMANCE: 31 Aug, 2018

STUDENT NO.: 2015151413 DATE OF SUBMISSION: 12 Sep, 2018

COURSE/SECTION: ME144L/A1

GROUP NO.: 2

SEAT No.: 12

GRADE
Engr. Teodulo Valle

INSTRUCTOR
Steam Injector

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Objectives

Theories and Principles

Procedure

Set-up of Apparatus

Final Data Sheet

Sample Computations

Test Data Analysis

Question and Answers

Conclusion

References
Steam Injector

OBJECTIVES
1. To know the parts and function of steam injector
2. To learn the principle and operation of steam injector
THEORY AND PRINCIPLE
A steam injector is a device whereby steam is used to pump cold water at low pressure and
to produce an outlet water pressure which is higher than the steam inlet pressure. Its main
characteristic is that no moving parts are needed for its functioning, thermodynamic processes
relying on direct transfers of mass, momentum and heat between the two phases.

The steam injector can be used as a safety pump in a light

water reactor, as steam supply is generally available in power plants
and a high-pressure water supply can be useful for heat removal in
case of incident. Moreover, it is a passive system without rotating
machinery and its functioning requires no external energy supply.

A simplified steam injector schematic, divided into five

regions, is shown in Fig. 1. In the first part, called the steam nozzle (a), having a converging-
diverging shape, the steam is accelerated to supersonic velocity through a nearly isentropic
expansion. Water is distributed by the water nozzle or the liquid injector (b). Here, the chosen
arrangement is a central water nozzle and an annular outer steam nozzle. In the mixing section (c),
steam and water exchange heat, momentum (due to temperature and velocity differences) and mass
(due to condensation of steam on the water droplets extracted from the water cone at the exit of
the water nozzle). Condensation is achieved in the shock wave (d) occurring at the exit of the
mixing section. The major pressure rise is realized in this shock wave. Then, the water is
decelerated in the diffuser (e) and kinetic energy is converted into a further pressure increase.

Although the technology of the steam injector has been known for about a century, its
modelling still represents an incompletely solved problem. Experiments have been previously
carried out by Rose (1960), Grolmes (1968) and Alad'yev et al. (1981a, b). More recently, its

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Steam Injector

possible use for nuclear power plants has involved new studies by Manno and Dehbi (1990),
Narabayashi et al. (1991), Leone et al. (1994, 1995) and Cattadori et al. (1991).

Two kinds of model can be used for the calculation of steam injector performances. The
first approach (called the local model) consists of modelling the flow in the injector at each point,
considering major phenomena (such as, for example, condensation of droplets, heat and
momentum transfers, viscous dissipation on the wall non-adiabatic and non-equilibrium flow).
Such a model is more realistic but needs a perfect knowledge of the previously mentioned
phenomena as well as their mutual interactions. Unfortunately, these models are not yet predictive
due to the complexity of the flow in the mixing chamber.

The second approach (called the global model) consists of considering a large control
volume in which one-dimensional conservation equations are applied. This kind of model is
simpler than the previous one but is less realistic. Irreversibility’s are often taken into account
using empirical factors (in order to obtain calculated data fitting experimental values), which
cannot really be justified. Moreover, these factors are only known for one experimental condition
and cannot be generalized.

In figure 2, a Mollier-diagram presentation of the ideal steam injector processes is reported:

the adiabatic steam expansion from 𝑃𝐺𝑜 to 𝑃𝐺𝑎 , is shown as taking place through a converging-
diverging nozzle, the condensation takes place in a convergent duct, the final adiabatic stagnation
pressure 𝑃𝑜𝑒 is achieved in an ideal liquid diffuser.

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Steam Injector

Steam injectors have been used as feedwater

supply devices in locomotives and in the Merchant
Marine since World War II and are manufactured by a
few companies for applications in the food and paper
industry. In the nuclear field, several systems based on
high pressure steam injectors have been proposed:
Howard (1984), Suurman (1986), Christensen et al.
(1987), Narabayashi et al. (1991). With respect to this,
the attractiveness of steam injector is quite evident,
because a high-pressure water supply can be essential
to very important emergency functions (like
emergency core cooling, feedwater supply for decay
heat removal and so on) and usually a steam supply is
easily available in power plants. Moreover, steam
injector can be regarded as a passive system, as it does not require any external energy supply or
moving mechanical part. However, commercially available steam injector operate at "low"
pressure (< 2 MPa) and no single-stage high pressure steam injector is available from previous
research programs undertaken by Suurman (1986), Fitzsimmons (1990) and Narabayshi et al.
(1991).

Below are the formulas involved in the experiment:

• Solving for the mass of mixture:

𝜋 Equation 1
𝑚𝑚 = 𝜌𝑉 = 𝜌 𝑑 2 ℎ
4
Where:

𝑚𝑚 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒

𝜌 = 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦

𝑑 = 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑟𝑢𝑚

ℎ = ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒

• Solving for the mass of steam:

𝐵𝑦 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐵𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒:

𝑚𝑚 = 𝑚𝑠 + 𝑚𝑤 → 𝑚𝑤 = 𝑚𝑚 − 𝑚𝑠

𝐵𝑦 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐵𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒:

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Steam Injector

𝑚𝑚 (ℎ𝑚 − ℎ𝑤 )
𝑚𝑠 ℎ𝑠 + 𝑚𝑤 ℎ𝑤 = 𝑚𝑚 ℎ𝑚 → 𝑚𝑠 ℎ𝑠 + (𝑚𝑚 − 𝑚𝑠 )ℎ𝑤 = 𝑚𝑚 ℎ𝑚 → 𝑚𝑠 =
ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑤

Hence,
𝑚𝑚 (ℎ𝑚 − ℎ𝑤 ) Equation 2
𝑚𝑠 =
ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑤

Where:

𝑚𝑠 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚

𝑚𝑚 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒

ℎ𝑚 = 𝑒𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒

ℎ𝑤 = ℎ2 = 𝑒𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

ℎ𝑠 = 𝑒𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚

• Solving for the mass of water:

𝑚𝑤 = 𝑚𝑚 − 𝑚 𝑠 Equation 3

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Steam Injector

LIST OF APPARATUS
1. 3 Pieces of Thermometer Bulb

2. Stopwatch

3. 1 pair of Asbestos Gloves

4. Meter Stick

5. Steam Injector

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Steam Injector

PROCEDURE
1. Prepare all the apparatus needed in the experiment.
2. From experiment 2, use the steam quality computed for further calculations.
3. Measure the dimensions of the drum using meter stick.

4. Fill up the suction drum with water from the main supply.

5. Measure the height of the discharge.

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Steam Injector

6. Place the discharge hose inside the discharge drum.

7. Open the steam injector valve and throttle the valve until desired pressure is attained.

8. The trial must be accomplished within three minutes.

9. After 3 minutes, record the temperature of the mixture as well as the pressure readings.

Fig.3. Measuring the temperature of the mixture

10. Close the injector valve.
11. Determine the height of the mixture inside the discharge drum.
12. Calculate all the necessary data.

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Steam Injector

SET-UP OF APPARATUS

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Steam Injector

FINAL DATA SHEET

Trial P1, T1, hs, P3, KPa T3, hmix, T2, h2, mm, ms, mw, kg
KPa ℃ kJ/kg ℃ kJ/kg ℃ kJ/kg kg kg

1 263.38 106 2648.57 204.77 54 226.23 28 117.47 43.4 1.86 41.54

2 263.38 107 2648.57 204.77 54.5 228.31 28 117.47 40.7 1.78 38.96

3 239.25 110 2639.87 280.62 57 238.83 28 117.43 39.7 1.91 37.19

4 204.72 110 2635.46 294.33 56 234.66 28 117.43 40.2 1.87 38.3

5 252.97 109 1137.13 239.18 52 206.62 28 117.43 40.8 3.57 37.21

6 239.18 106 1143.92 204.718 48 205.51 28 117.43 45.9 3.92 42.01

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Steam Injector

SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS
Trial 3

• Solving for 𝑃1 :
101.325𝐾𝑃𝑎
𝑃1 = (25 𝑝𝑠𝑖 + 14.7 𝑝𝑠𝑖) ( ) = 273.65 𝐾𝑃𝑎 = 0.2737 𝑀𝑃𝑎
14.7𝑝𝑠𝑖

• Solving for ℎ𝑠 (𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 2):

𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
ℎ𝑓1 = 548.1564 ; ℎ𝑓𝑔1 = 2172.904 ; 𝑥 = 97.22%
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
ℎ𝑠 = ℎ1 = ℎ𝑓1 + 𝑥ℎ𝑓𝑔1 = 548.1564 + (0.9722) (2172.904 ) = 2660.65
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔

• Solving for 𝑃3 :
101.325𝐾𝑃𝑎
𝑃3 = (20 𝑝𝑠𝑖 + 14.7 𝑝𝑠𝑖) ( ) = 239.18 𝐾𝑃𝑎 = 0.2391 𝑀𝑃𝑎
14.7𝑝𝑠𝑖

• Solving for ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑥 (𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 4):

Pressure

0 0.2391 2.5

Temperature 40 167.56 x 169.77

54 ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑥

60 251.12 y 253.21

0.2391 − 0 𝑥 − 167.56 𝑦 − 251.12 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽

= = → 𝑥 = 167.77 ; 𝑦 = 251.32
2.5 − 0 169.77 − 167.56 253.21 − 251.12 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔

54 − 60 (ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑥 − 167.77) 𝑘𝐽
= → ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑥 = 226.26
40 − 60 251.32 − 167.77 𝑘𝑔

• Solving for ℎ2 (𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 4): 𝑇 = 30℃; 𝑃 = 101.325 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 0.101 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Pressure

0 0.101 2.5

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Steam Injector

Temperature 20 83.95 86.30

30 x ℎ2 y

40 167.56 169.77

30 − 20 𝑥 − 83.95 𝑦 − 86.30 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
= = → 𝑥 = 125.76 ; 𝑦 = 128.04
40 − 20 167.56 − 83.95 169.77 − 86.30 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔

0.101 − 0 (ℎ2 − 125.76) 𝑘𝐽

= → ℎ2 = 125.85
2.50 − 0 128.04 − 125.76 𝑘𝑔

• Solving for the mass of the mixture:

𝜋
𝑚𝑚 = 𝜌𝑉 = 𝜌 𝑑2 ℎ; 𝑑 = 22.375 𝑖𝑛; ℎ = 34 𝑖𝑛 − 30.25 𝑖𝑛 = 3.75 𝑖𝑛
4

𝑘𝑔 𝜋 2
1𝑓𝑡 1𝑚 3
𝑚𝑚 = (1000 3 ) (22.375 𝑖𝑛) (3.75 𝑖𝑛) ( × ) = 24.18 𝑘𝑔
𝑚 4 12𝑖𝑛 3.28𝑓𝑡

• Solving for the mass of steam:

𝑚𝑠 ℎ𝑠 + 𝑚𝑤 ℎ𝑤 = 𝑚𝑚 ℎ𝑚
𝑚𝑠 + 𝑚𝑤 = 𝑚𝑚
𝑚𝑤 = 𝑚𝑚 − 𝑚 𝑠
𝑚𝑚 (ℎ𝑚 − ℎ𝑤 )
𝑚𝑠 ℎ𝑠 + (𝑚𝑚 − 𝑚𝑠 )ℎ𝑤 = 𝑚𝑚 ℎ𝑚 → 𝑚𝑠 =
ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑤

𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
(24.18 𝑘𝑔) (226.26 − 125.85 )
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑚𝑠 = = 0.9578 𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
2660.65 − 125.85
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔

• Solving for the mass of water:

𝑚𝑤 = 𝑚𝑚 − 𝑚𝑠 = 24.18 𝑘𝑔 − 0.9578 𝑘𝑔 = 23.2222 𝑘𝑔

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Steam Injector

DISCUSSION OF RESULT

Based on the data gathered by the students, six trials were made by the researcher and the
pressure at trials 1 and 2 are the same (263.34 KPaa) while others differ. The pressures were
obtained in gage by means of a manometer and converted it into absolute by adding the
atmospheric pressure. The temperature of the steam varied in trial 1 and 2 but remained the same
throughout the other trials. The enthalpy of steam was determined by determining the enthalpy
values (hf and hfg) from the previous experiment as well as its dryness fraction of steam from table
2 in steam tables. The enthalpy of the mixture was also determined using table 4 (for subcooled
liquids) since the temperature of the mixture is lower than the saturated temperature of the given
pressure. Interpolation of values in the steam table is necessary in order to obtain exact values of
the enthalpy. In the case above, double interpolation was done so that the researcher obtained the
value of enthalpy which is for mixture. Same goes for the enthalpy of water which was double
interpolated using the temperature of water and the atmospheric pressure at sea level. The
researcher determined the mass of mixture coming from the discharge relating the formula of
density which is mass over volume. Density is assumed to be the density of water at 4 degrees
Celsius and the volume was obtained using the formula of volume of cylinders. After determining
the mass of mixture, the mass of steam injected determined using energy balance and relating the
mass balance to obtain the mass of water. Throughout the values, the mass of steam injected
increases when the steam line pressure was increased and the trend for the data of mass of mixture
and water is varying so the researcher just considered what the researcher had observed. The data
were affected by errors such as the error made by the researcher and the condition of the equipment.
Errors made by the researcher includes rounding off values in calculations and improper
measurement of values since it made the researcher difficult to determine the reading because of
the condition of the equipment. Also, in getting the height of the discharge, the researcher found
it difficult to measure since the top surface of the discharge is not stable, so the researcher
approximated the value of height of the discharge and used in calculation of mass of mixture. The
gage looks old which made the researcher difficult to read the gage reading. Furthermore, proper
observations and computations must be done by the researcher to achieve more accurate results.

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Steam Injector

QUESTION AND ANSWERS

1. A waste heat recovery boiler produces 4.8 MPa (dry saturated) steam from 104 degrees Celsius
feed water. The boiler receives energy from 5 kg/s of 954 degrees Celsius of dry air. After passing
through the waste heat boiler, the temperature of the air has been reduced to 434 degrees Celsius.
How much of steam in kg is produced per second? Note: At 4.8 MPa and saturated, h=2796.0
kJ/kg.

𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛

𝑘𝐽
𝑚𝑔 𝑐𝑔 (𝑡1 − 𝑡2 ) = 𝑚𝑠 (ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓 ); ℎ𝑓 = 𝑒𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 4.187(104) = 435.45
𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑔
5(1)(954 − 343) = 𝑚𝑠 (2796 − 435.45) → 𝑚𝑠 = 1.29
𝑠
2. A steam generating plant consisting of a boiler, an economizer and super heater generates
superheated steam at the rate of 50 tons per hr. Feed water enters the boiler at 5 MPa and 120
degrees Celsius. Steam leaves the superheater at 4.5 MPa and 320 degrees Celsius. If the coal used
as a heating value of 30000 kJ/kg, calculate the no. of tons of coal fired per hr. for a gross efficiency
of 85%.
𝑘𝐽
𝐴𝑡 4.5 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 320℃; ℎ𝑠 = 3000.6
𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽
𝐴𝑡 5 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 120℃; ℎ𝑓 = 507.09
𝑘𝑔
𝑇𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝑚𝑠 (ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓 ) (50 ) (3000.6 − 507.09 )
ℎ𝑟 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑒𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 = → 0.85 =
𝑚𝑓 𝐻𝑉 𝑘𝐽
𝑚𝑓 (30000 )
𝑘𝑔

𝑚𝑓 = 4.889 𝑇𝑜𝑛𝑠/ℎ𝑟

3. Fuel of calorific value 43.5 MJ/kg is burned in an auxiliary boiler at the rate of 81 kg/hr. The
feed water rate is 0.258 kg/s and its temperature is 48 degrees Celsius. If the efficiency of the boiler
is 68% and the steam produced is dry and saturated, estimate its pressure.
𝑘𝐽
𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑡 48℃: ℎ = 200.9
𝑘𝑔
kg 3600𝑠 𝑘𝑔
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 0.258 × = 928.80
s 1ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑚𝑠 (ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓 ) (928.80 ) (ℎ − 200.9 ) 𝑘𝐽
ℎ𝑟 𝑘𝑔
𝑒𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 = → 0.68 = → ℎ = 2780.9
𝑚𝑓 𝐻𝑉 81𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝑔
( ) (43500 )
ℎ𝑟 𝑘𝑔

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Steam Injector

𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑟𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑦 1.1 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑡𝑠 ℎ𝑔 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 ℎ.

4. The equivalent evaporation of a boiler, from and at 100 degrees Celsius, is 15 kg steam per kg
fuel and the calorific value of the fuel burned is 41.9 MJ/kg. Calculate the efficiency of the boiler.
𝑘𝐽
ℎ𝑓𝑔 = ℎ𝑔 − ℎ𝑓 ; ℎ𝑓𝑔 𝑎𝑡 100℃ = 2256.7
𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽
𝑚𝑠 (ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓 ) (15𝑘𝑔) (2256.7 𝑘𝑔)
𝑒𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 = = = 80.81%
𝑚𝑓 𝐻𝑉 𝑘𝐽
(1𝑘𝑔) (41900 )
𝑘𝑔
5. Wet steam is being generated by a boiler at the rate of 1500 kg/hr. from 26.7 degrees Celsius
feed water. Quality of steam is 98% and gauge shows a pressure of 9 kg/cm2. Calculate the
equivalent evaporation and the heat absorbed by the boiler per hour in kCal when producing steam.
𝑘𝑔
𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑎𝑡 9 𝑔𝑎𝑢𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑟 0.98 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑎𝑏𝑠. 𝑎𝑛𝑑 98% 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦:
𝑐𝑚2
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
ℎ𝑓 = 758.94 ; ℎ𝑓𝑔 = 2018.4 → ℎ𝑠 = 758.94 + (0.98) (2018.4 ) = 2736.972
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽
𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑡 26.7℃; ℎ𝑓 = 113.25
𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝑚𝑠 (ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓 ) (1500 ℎ𝑟 ) (2736.972 𝑘𝑔 − 113.25 𝑘𝑔) 𝑘𝑔
𝐸𝐸 = 𝑚𝑠 𝐹𝐸 = = = 1743.72
2257 2257 ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽 1𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙
𝑄𝐴 = 𝑚𝑠 (ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓 ) = (1500 ) (2736.972 − 113.25 ) ( )
ℎ𝑟 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 4.187 𝑘𝐽

𝑄𝐴 = 939952.95𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙/ℎ𝑟
6. A 150 grams of water at 75 degrees Celsius is heated at constant pressure. The water is
completely vaporized. Find the heat added.
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝑄 = 𝑚𝑐∆𝑇 + 𝑚ℎ𝑓𝑔 = (0.15𝑘𝑔) (4.187 ) (100℃ − 75℃) + (0.15 𝑘𝑔) (2257 )
𝑘𝑔 − ℃ 𝑘𝑔

𝑄 = 354.25 𝑘𝐽

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Steam Injector

CONCLUSION

The researcher was able to determine the purpose and function of a steam injector. The
purpose of a steam injector is to inject a considerable amount of steam used for heating purposes
and to inject steam to other media in industrial use. Steam injectors were design for efficient
heating is done on the media which ensures uniform heating and absence of temperature
stratification. The operation of steam injectors starts when the cold liquid was drawn from the
liquid reservoir and then steam is injected and as a result, the discharge will be a mixture of steam
and water which is subcooled in nature. Using the principles in thermodynamics, more particularly
the 1st Law of Thermodynamics which states that “energy cannot be destroyed nor created during
energy transformation” or the Energy Balance, the mass of steam was determined as well as the
mass of water utilizing Mass Balance given the dimensions of the steel drum and the height of the
discharge used for the calculation of mass of mixture. These principles of thermodynamics are
important in analyzation of the experiment and also can be applied in the real world. The
experiment must be done with care, so follow the instructions of the instructor and seek guidance
of the lab assistant to perform the experiment safely since the researcher deals with equipment
generating high temperature and pressure. The researcher is advised to wear PPE so that the
severity of injuries will be lessened if accident occurs.

It should be noticed that:

• steam consumption is quite low and tends to increase with inlet liquid pressure and
temperature and with steam pressure;

• the tested high-pressure steam injector spills some of the water being pumped (at least at
a constant supply water pressure). Spillage increases as the supply water temperature increases;

• the high-pressure steam injector (due to secondary overflow spillage) can be regarded as
a centrifugal pump.

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Steam Injector

REFERENCES

• Injector. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.saylor.org/site/wp-

content/uploads/2011/04/Injector.pdf
• Steam Boiler Injectors. (2018). Retrieved from
http://machineryequipmentonline.com/hvac-machinery/steam-boiler-injectors/
• Steam Injectors. (2018). Retrieved from http://www.uniklinger.com/steam-injectors/
• How Steam Injector Works. (2018). Retrieved from http://www.bluebell-
railway.co.uk/~uhaa009/bb/locos/3217/injector.html
• Standard Pressure Steam Injectors. (2018). Retrieved from
https://www.heritagesteamsupplies.co.uk/injectors/penberthy-steam-injectors/penberthy-
standard-pressure-steam-injectors.html

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