1-Introduction:

In this lab, we will use a variable power supply to subject a

resistor (of known resistance) to a variety of voltages. Our
objective will be to test Ohm’s Law, which asserts that the
resulting current through the resistor (as well as the rest of the
circuit) is proportional to the applied voltage. Once you have
established that Ohm’s Law is, in fact, valid over the ranges of
voltage and current in our experiment, we will use the
knowledge gained to determine the value of an unknown
resistance.

2-Purpose:
 Investigate the relationship between the three variables
involved in ohm's law (current, voltage and resistance).
 To find the total resistance of series. circuit.

3-Objective(s):
1. To-verify the following two equivalent forms of ohm's Law :
 Represent Las a function of V and R.
 Represent V as a function of I and R.
2. Plot the current versus voltage relation.

1.
4-Equipments:
1. Breadboard.
2. DC power supply.
3. Wires.
4. Resistors (1 k, 2 k) ohm.
5. Voltmeter and Ammeter.

Fig. (1) : Ohm’s law apparatus

5- Theory:
There are many methods to measure electrical resistance of
material practically, the famous methods are:
1. Ohm's law
2. Wheatstone bridge
3. Ohmmeter
4. By color code
Ohm's law applies to electrical circuit; state that the current
through a conductor between two points is directly
proportional to the potential difference (voltage) across the
points at constant temperature, and the constant of the
proportionality is called (resistance). The mathematical
equation that describe this relationship is
I =V/R------------------ (Ohm's law)
Where (V) is the potential difference (voltage) measured across
the resistance in units of (volts), and (I) is the current that pass
through the resistance in units of (amperes), and(R) is the
electrical resistance of the material in units of (Ohm's (Ω)). Thus
the higher the resistance the lower the current passes through
it for a given applies voltage. The resistance of many
conductors such as metals increases with increasing the
temperature of it:
R2=R 1 ¿
Where R , is the resistance of a metal in temperature (T ), R is
1 1 2

the resistance of a metal in temperature (T ), α is the

2

temperature coefficients of the material. When a current flows

2
through a resistance R, heat is generated at the rate P = I R
(Joule heating). Thus if enough current flows through a
resistance it will cause to heat it up appreciably, it will be have
in a non-ohmic way and one connot speak of the resistor as
having a certain fixed resistance for all currents.

6. Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in fig. (2)
2. Try to increase the voltage supply as shown in table 1,
then measure the current displayed on Ammeter.
3. Put the reading in a table (1).
4. Plot a graph between the voltage on Y-axis and the
current on X-axis.
5. Find the percentage error

Fig.(2)
7- Reading
V
Voltage(V) Current(I) A R= I Ω
1V 0.993*10 A −3
1007.049Ω
2V 1.99*10 A
−3
1005.025Ω
3V 2.981*10 A −3
1006.71141Ω
5V 4.991*10 A −3
1002.00401Ω
7V 6.996*10 A −3
1000.57176Ω
9V 8.996*10 A −3
1000.4416Ω
Table (1)
V 1V
R= I = 0.993∗10 =1007.049Ω
−3

8.Calculation:
V
I= R -----------( ohm's Law )
ΔV V 2−V 1 9 V −1V
Slope= Δ I = I 2−I 1 (8.996 A−0.993 A )∗10(−3) =999.625Ω
=

R practically= 999.625Ω
R Theory =1000Ω

Error = | Rtheory−Rpract
Rtheory |*100%
1000−999.625
Error = | 1000 |*100%

Error= 3.75*10−4 *100%

Error = 0.0375
9-Discussion:
In this experiment we used Ohm's law to measure the
voltage, resistance and current. And we learned that
the resistance is inversely proportional to the Current
and directly proportional to the voltage. And also with
increasing the Voltage the current increases because
the relationship between them is directly proportional.
The Error rate was a little because it's effected by some
factors such as the length of weir, the resistance inside
the power supply, the voltage in the board.