Assignment Cover Sheet

Qualification Module Number and Title

HND in Computing and Software Engineering SEC4205/Database Design Development

Student Name & No. Assessor

Roshana Atapattu CL/HNDCSE/88/87 Chatura Warnasuriya

Hand out date Submission Date

2019-10-11 2019-11-23
Assessment type Duration/Length of Weighting of Assessment
Reports 5000 Words Assessment Type 100%
One Month

Learner declaration

I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully
acknowledged.

Marks Awarded
First assessor

IV marks

Agreed grade

Signature of the assessor Date

FEEDBACK FORM INTERNATIONAL

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS & TECHNOLOGY
Module/Title: Database Design and Development /Design a Database Management System for a
Library Student:
Assessor: Chatura warnasuriya
Assignment:

Strong features of your work:

Areas for improvement:

Marks Awarded:

<Assessment Type>
Learning outcomes covered

LO1. Understand the database concepts and components LO2 Develop a logical database design.

LO3 Implement a physical database for a given requirement

LO4 Test and document databases

Scenario and the Task

The Institute of PG Technology has the biggest library in New Plymouth. Currently it has
about 200 members. Currently all the functions of the library are done manually. They have
plan to expand the library by adding new sections so now management has planned to
automate the library management system, in order to provide its members better services
to reduce the work load of the staff.

Assume that you are the database engineer of Creative Vision information technology (IT)
services, company providing IT solutions worldwide. Now they are developing automated
library system for a PG Technology. As a data base engineer your responsibility is to design
and implement a robust Database System for above mentioned library.

Library has different units such as computing, management, English etc. There are number
of books under different categories. There are number of book copies for one book (book
title). Any person who joins PG Technology can become a member buy paying member fee.

After doing the fact finding part development team has identified that below mentioned
information’s to be stored in the system.
Author’s information such as author id, first name last name, contact information, and
publishers information Pub id, Name, Street, City. Unit is identified by unit id, unit
description is stored in the system. Category id and name, Book title should contains Call
number, Title, Price, and Availability (y or n) as its attributes. Member should have Member
id, Name, City, Member type, Member date (date of membership), Expiry date. Member
can borrow book copy issue date and return date should be mentioned for specific
member. Member can reserve book title request date and ref number is mentioned for that
member. Book copy contains access id and edition

Students can add any functionality which will enhance the system and make the proposed solution
more comprehensive.

Use Harvard referencing to properly acknowledge all the external sources you use.

Tasks:

Design the database with the constraint that the available technology is relational.
1. Explain what is data model, Critically compare different data models and explain why
older data models are being replaced by new data models.(LO1) (10 Marks)

2. Critically explain the benefits and limitations of different database technologies . (LO1)
(5 Marks)
3. Analyze and briefly explain the different approaches to database design. (LO1) (5
Marks)

4. Draw an entity relationship diagram for given scenario with proper standards. Identify
important keys and represent different types of attributes and relationships. (LO2) (10
Marks)

5. Draw Relational Schemas. Effectively map conceptual data models with relational
database schema according to the mapping algorithm. All the steps should be clearly
mentioned. (LO2) (10 Marks)

6. Create the database using SQL server. Practical submission and Demonstration (LO3)
(10 Marks)

7. Write 10 SQL queries for given requirements using SELECT Statements.( LO3) (5 Marks)

8. Generate the suitable management reports for database by using graphical format.
(LO3) (5 Marks)

9. Explain the purpose and benefits of having queries in the database for a company
decision making process with the examples .(LO3) (10 Marks)

10. Provide the Test plan, test strategy and proper test cases and provide all the test
documents. (LO4) (10 Marks)

11. Create the user manual for the database. (LO4) (5 Marks)

12. Explain how verification and validation has addressed in your data base and the access
rights to various types of users. (LO4) (5 Marks)

13. Provide a well-structured documentation including proper academic style and

Referencing and in-text citation using Harvard Referencing System.(10 Marks)

Assessment Criteria
This submission will be assessed as follows Depth of the task
TASK 1 Compare Hierarchical , Network and
Relational data model and the
importance of adapting a new data
model

TASK 2 Compare different database

technologies SQL server, Oracle,
MySQL

TASK 3 Top down design method, Bottom-up

design method, Centralized design and
De centralized design
TASK 4 ERD with cardinality and attributes with
proper standard symbols (Proper
theories and techniques need to apply
in ERD)
. Use Chen & Martin notations for
ERD
TASK 5 Relational Schema for ERD state the
primary key foreign key concept
correctly
(Proper theories and techniques need to
apply in Relational schema)

TASK 6 Create Database using SQL server

TASK 7 Produce SQL queries for
manipulation functions
TASK 8 Produce Management Reports with
Quarries which assist managers in
making decision and
using MS SQL Report builder tool
TASK 9 Clearly explain the purpose and
benefits of having queries in the
database
TASK 10 Correct Test plan and test cases with all
test documents
TASK 11 User-friendly descriptive user
manual
(Logical flow of contents in the
document, descriptive user manual.)

TASK 12 Clearly explain the applied verification

and validation process in the data base
and explain the Object permission,
Statement permission
and Implied permission Statements
 TASK 13 Well-structured Documentation with
proper formatting styles and Harvard
Referencing System is used for
Referencing and in-text citation.

This submission will be assessed as follows Total marks Marks obtained by

Allocated the student for the
answer provided
TASK 1 10

TASK 2 5

TASK 3 5
 TASK 4 10

TASK 5 10

TASK 6 10

TASK 7 5

TASK 8 5

TASK 9 10

TASK 10 10

TASK 11 5

TASK 12 5

TASK 13 10

Total Marks 100

Task 01
1.1 Data Model

A information model refers to the logical inter-relationships and statistics drift between
different data factors worried in the information world. It also archives the way records is
saved and retrieved. Data fashions facilitate conversation business and technical development
by means of precisely representing the requirements of the facts device and by designing the
responses needed for those requirements. Data models help characterize what facts is
required and what layout is to be used for different enterprise processes.
 Data types

 Data items

 Data sources

 Event sources

. Information stored in facts fashions is of tremendous significance for companies because it

dictates the relationships between database tables, foreign keys and the activities involved.

1.1.1 Hierarchical Data Model

A hierarchical mannequin represents the records in a tree-like shape in which there is a single
parent for every record. To preserve order there is a sort discipline which keeps sibling nodes into a
recorded manner. These types of models are designed essentially for the early mainframe database
management systems, like the Information.
Management System (IMS) by IBM. This model structure allows the one-to-one and a one-to-
many relationship between two/ various types of data. This structure is very helpful in describing
many relationships in the real world; table of contents, any nested and sorted information.
Therefore, the hierarchical structure is not suitable for certain database operations when a full path
is not also included for each record. Data in this type of database is structured hierarchically and is
typically developed as an inverted tree. The "root" in the structure is a single table in the database
and other tables act as the branches flowing from the root. The diagram below shows a typical
hierarchical database structure.

1.1.2 Relational Data Model

A relational facts model includes the use of data tables that accumulate groups of factors into
relations. These fashions work primarily based on the idea that each desk setup will encompass a
most important key or identifier. Other tables use that identifier to furnish "relational" information
links and results. Database administrators use something referred to as Structured Query Language
(SQL) to retrieve information factors from a relational database.

Concepts

Tables − In relational data model, relations are saved in the format of Tables. This format stores the relation
among entities. A table has rows and columns, where rows represents records and columns represent the
attributes.
Tuple − A single row of a table, which contains a single record for that relation is called a tuple.

Relation instance − A finite set of tuples in the relational database system represents relation instance.
Relation instances do not have duplicate tuples.

Relation schema − A relation schema describes the relation name (table name), attributes, and their names.

Relation key − Each row has one or more attributes, known as relation key, which can identify the row in
the relation (table) uniquely.

Attribute domain − Every attribute has some pre-defined value scope, known as attribute domain.

Every relation has some conditions that must hold for it to be a valid relation. These conditions are called
Relational Integrity Constraints. There are three main integrity constraints

1. Key constraints

2. Domain constraints

3. Referential integrity constraints

1.1.2 Network Data Model

A community mannequin is a database model that is designed as a flexible method to representing objects
and their relationships. A special characteristic of the community mannequin is its schema, which is
considered as a sketch where relationship sorts are arcs and object sorts are nodes. Unlike different database
models, the community model's schema is now not confined to be a lattice or hierarchy; the hierarchical
tree is replaced via a graph, which lets in for greater primary connections with the nodes.

The benefits of the network model include:

1. Simple Concept: Similar to the hierarchical model, this model is simple and the implementation is
effortless.

2. Ability to Manage More Relationship Types: The network model has the ability to manage one-to-
one (1:1) as well as many-to-many (N: N) relationships.

3. Easy Access to Data: Accessing the data is simpler when compared to the hierarchical model.

4. Data Integrity: In a network model, there's always a connection between the parent and the child
 segments because it depends on the parent-child relationship.

5. Data Independence: Data independence is better in network models as opposed to the hierarchical
models.

The drawbacks of the network model include:

1. System Complexity: Each and every record has to be maintained with the help of pointers, which
makes the database structure more complex.

2. Functional Flaws: Because a great number of pointers is essential, insertion, updates, and deletion
become more complex.

3. Lack of Structural Independence: A change in structure demands a change in the application as well,
which leads to lack of structural independence.

Task 02
MySQL

MySQL is an Oracle-backed open supply relational database management system (RDBMS)

based totally on Structured Query Language (SQL). MySQL runs on in reality all platforms,
which includes Linux, UNIX and Windows. Although it can be used in a wide vary of
applications, MySQL is most frequently related with web applications and on line publishing.
• High Performance and Scalability to meet the demands of exponentially developing records
loads and users.
• Self-healing Replication Clusters to improve scalability, overall performance and
availability.
• Online Schema Change to meet changing enterprise requirements.
• Performance Schema for monitoring user- and application-level performance and resource
consumption.
• SQL and NoSQL Access for performing complicated queries and simple, quickly Key
Value operations.
• Platform Independence giving you the flexibility to strengthen and deploy on more than one
working systems.
• Big Data Interoperability the usage of MySQL as the operational records store for Hadoop
and Cassandra.
To gain the very best level of MySQL scalability, security, reliability and uptime, MySQL
Enterprise Edition consists of the most comprehensive set of advanced features,
administration tools and technical support, inclusive of MySQL Enterprise Monitor, MySQL
Enterprise Backup, as nicely as scalability, security, auditing and excessive availability
features. MySQL Enterprise Edition also includes 24x7 Oracle Premier Support and Oracle
product certifications and integrations.

License: GPLv2 or proprietary

Developed by: Oracle Corporation
Stable release: 8.0.15 / 1 February 2019; 44 days ago
Initial release date: May 23, 1995
 Original author: MySQL AB
Written in: C, C++

Advantages Of Using MySQL

1. The data security and support for transactional processing .
2. On-demand flexibility is the star feature of MySQL.
3. High-speed transactional processing system.
4. MySQL offers a wide range of high availability solutions .
5. Features like complete atomic, consistent, isolated, durable transaction support, multi-version
transaction support, and unrestricted row-level locking.

MSSQL
MS SQL is brief for Microsoft SQL Server. It is a relational web web hosting database that is
used to shop net website online records like blog posts or user information. MS SQL is the
most popular type of database on Windows servers. It is no longer free however it has many
advanced points that make it appropriate for businesses.
Stable release: SQL Server 2017 / October 2, 2017; 16 months ago
 Developed by: Microsoft Corporation

Operating system: Linux, Microsoft Windows Server, Microsoft Windows

License: Proprietary software

Initial release: April 24, 1989; 29 years ago, as SQL Server 1.0

Written in: C, C++

Advantages of Using MYSQL

1. Having extremely user friendly installation interface.
2. Having Improved Performance
3. Multiple Editions and Price Variations
4. Excellent Data Restoration and Recovery Mechanism
5. Better Security Features

Oracle

Oracle database (Oracle DB) is a relational database management system (RDBMS) from the Oracle
Corporation. Originally developed in 1977 by Lawrence Ellison and other developers, Oracle DB is
one of the most trusted and widely-used relational database engines.

The system is built around a relational database framework in which data objects may be directly
 accessed by users (or an application front end) through structured query language (SQL). Oracle is a
fully scalable relational database architecture and is often used by global enterprises, which manage
and process data across wide and local area networks. The Oracle database has its own network
component to allow communications across networks.

Customer service: 1 (650) 506-7000

Sales: 1 (800) 672-2531
Headquarters: Redwood City, California, United States
Subsidiaries: Taleo, NetSuite, BlueKai, Responsys, Endeca, Dyn, MORE
Founders: Larry Ellison, Bob Miner, Ed Oates

Advantages Of Using Oracle

1. Portability
2. Industrial strength support for on-line backup and recovery
3. Consideration of performance with locking and transaction control.
4. Multiple Database Support
5. Supports declarative database integrate

TASK 03
3.0 Database Design Strategies
There are two approaches for growing any database, the Top-down approach and the Bottom up
method. While these processes appear radically different, they share the common intention of using a
gadget by describing all of the interplay between the processes.
3.1 Top-down Method
The top-down graph approach starts from the accepted and strikes to the specific. In other words, you
start with a universal thought of what is needed for the machine and then work your way down to the
greater precise small print of how the system will interact. This method includes the identification of
one-of-a-kind entity sorts and the definition of each entity’s attributes.

3.2 Bottom-up Method

The bottom-up approach starts with the specific small print and strikes up to the general.
This is accomplished by way of first identifying the records factors (items) and then
grouping them together in statistics sets. In other words, this technique first identifies the
attributes, and then companies them to structure entities.

The two everyday procedures (bottom-up and top-down) to database plan can be
influenced by using factors such as the scope and dimension of the system, the company’s
administration style, and the company’s shape (centralized or decentralized). Depending
on such factors, the database sketch may additionally be based totally on two very
different design philosophies: Centralized Design and Decentralized Design.
 3.3 Centralized Design
Centralized diagram is productive when the information thing is composed of a particularly small
quantity of objects and procedures. The graph can be carried out and represented in a pretty easy
database. Centralized graph is traditional of fantastically easy and/or small databases and can be
correctly achieved via a single character (database administrator) or by way of a small, informal
design team. two The organisation operations and the scope of the hassle are sufficiently limited to
permit even a single designer to outline the problem(s), create the conceptual design, verify the
conceptual format with the user views, outline device tactics and statistics constraints to ensure the
efficacy of the design, and make sure that the format will comply with all the requirements.
(Thiru, 2016)

TASK 04
 Task 05
5.1 Relational schema – Mapping Algorithm
TASK 06
Query Design
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