Mechanical electrical control and automation

Experiment instruction

Chongqing University of science and technology

 Catalog
Basic requirements and safe operation instructions of the experiment.......................1
1.1 Characteristics and requirements of the experiment......................................... 1
1.2 Preparation before experiment.......................................................................... 1
1.3 Experiment implementation.............................................................................. 1
1.4 Experiment summary........................................................................................ 3

Experiment 1 Understanding of low voltage electrical apparatus错误！未定义书

签。
Experiment 2 Direct start control of motor.............................. 错误！未定义书签。

Experiment 3 The forward and reverse relay control of motor 错误！未定义书签。

Experiment 4 Reduced voltage starting of motor ..............错误！未定义书签。
Experiment 5 Understanding of PLC Experiment System ... 错误！未定义书签。

Experiment 6 PLC experiment system understanding experiment (automatic cycle

control of worktable).................................................................. 错误！未定义书签。

Experiment 7 Timer counter experiment (PLC control motor positive and negative Y -

△ reduced voltage start).............................................错误！未定义书签。

Experiment 8 Function instruction experiment................. 错误！未定义书签。

1.Shift experiment................................................................................................. 18
2.Simulation control experiment of traffic lights.................................................. 19
 Basic requirements and safe operation instructions of the
experiment
"Mechanical and electrical control and automation" is one of the professional courses of
mechanical specialty, and the experimental link is an important part of these courses. Through
the experiment, we can deepen the understanding of the theory, cultivate and improve the
ability of students to operate independently, analyze and solve problems.
1.1 Characteristics and requirements of the experiment
Mechanical and electrical control experiment includes two parts: relay control system
and PLC control system. In the experiment, students should learn to use the theoretical
knowledge they have learned to analyze and solve various problems in the actual system,
improve their practical ability; at the same time, they should verify the theory through
experiments, promote the combination of theory and practice, and constantly improve and
deepen their understanding. Specifically, students should have the following abilities after
completing the specified experiment:
1. Familiar with common low-voltage electrical components.
2. Master the circuit connection method of main circuit and control circuit of relay
contactor control system.
3. Master the application of PLC programming software, be able to use the existing
equipment for PLC programming and PLC control.
4. Be familiar with and master the performance and usage of basic experimental
equipment. Be able to use the theoretical knowledge to analyze and deal with the
experimental phenomena and results, and solve the problems encountered in the experiment.
5. Be able to synthesize the experimental data, explain the experimental phenomena, and
write the experimental report.
1.2 Preparation before experiment
Experimental preparation is a necessary step to ensure the smooth progress of the
experiment. Each experiment should be previewed before, so as to improve the quality and
efficiency of the experiment. Otherwise, we may not know how to start the experiment, waste
time, fail to meet the requirements of the experiment, or even damage the experimental device.
Therefore, before the experiment:
1. Preview the content related to the experiment in the textbook, and be familiar with the
theoretical knowledge related to the experiment.

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 2. Read the experimental guidance, understand the purpose and content of the
experiment, master the working principle and method of the experimental system, and clarify
the problems that should be paid attention to during the experiment.
3. Experiment group.
1.3 Experiment implementation
After the completion of theoretical study, experimental preview and other links, we can
enter the stage of experimental implementation. The following points should be done during
the experiment:
1. Before the experiment, the instructor shall explain the experiment and ask the students
to understand the purpose, content and method of the experiment. The experiment can only be
allowed after the requirements are met.
2. The instructor shall introduce the experimental device, ask the students to be familiar
with the experimental equipment and instruments used in this experiment, and make clear the
functions and use methods of these equipment.
3. Conduct the experiment according to the experimental group, and the members of the
experimental group shall have a clear division of labor to ensure the coordination of the
experimental operation and the accuracy and reliability of the recorded data. Each task shall
be rotated during the experiment, so as to fully grasp the experimental technology and
improve the practical ability.
4. Conduct wiring according to the detailed circuit diagram of the experimental system in
the experimental instruction. Generally, the sequence of wiring is main circuit first, then
control circuit; series connection first, then parallel connection. The main circuit and control
circuit can also be wired by two people at the same time.
5. After the wiring of the experimental system is completed, self-inspection must be
carried out. Starting from one end of the power supply, the series circuit checks whether the
position and polarity of each instrument, equipment and load are correct item by item
according to the circuit; the parallel branch checks whether the connection points at both ends
are at the designated positions. The long wire must be directly bridged at the two connecting
ends which are far away from each other. It is not allowed to use two wires to make transition
connection at a terminal on the experimental device.
6. Before power on, please ask the teacher to check the wiring first, and power on only
after the teacher agrees. When energizing, the relevant personnel shall be informed to pay
attention to avoid electric shock.

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 7. During the experiment, the experiment and operation shall be carried out one by one
according to the requirements and steps proposed in the experimental teaching materials.
When changing the line, the main power supply must be disconnected before proceeding. In
the experiment, we should observe whether the experimental phenomenon is normal, whether
the data is reasonable, and whether the experimental results are consistent with the theory.
8. After completing all the contents of this experiment, please ask the instructor to check
the experimental data and complete the functions. Only after being approved by the instructor
can the wiring be removed, and the connecting wires, instruments and tools be sorted out to
make them return to their original positions。

1.4 Experiment summary

The last stage of the experiment is the summary of the experiment, which is to sort out
the experimental data and program, analyze the experimental phenomenon and write the
experimental report. Each experiment participant should complete an experiment report
independently, and the preparation of the experiment report should be serious and realistic. If
there is a big discrepancy between the experimental results and the theory, it is not allowed to
modify the experimental data and results at will, nor to use the method of collecting data to
approach the theory, but to use the theoretical knowledge to analyze the experimental data and
results, explain the experimental phenomena, and find out the causes of the larger errors.The
general format of the experimental report is as follows:
1. Name of experiment, major, class, name and time of experiment students.
2. Purpose, circuit and content of the experiment.
3. Model, specification, nameplate data and experimental device of experimental
equipment, instruments and meters.
4. Arrangement, list and calculation of experimental data.
5. Analyze and summarize the experimental results with theoretical knowledge, and draw
clear conclusions.
6. Analyze and discuss some phenomena and problems in the experiment, and write out
the experience, and put forward their own suggestions and improvement measures for the
experiment.
7. The experiment report should be written on the report paper of a certain specification
and kept clean.
8. Each person completes a report of each experiment independently and submits it to the
instructor for approval on time.

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 Experiment 1 Understanding of low voltage electrical apparatus

1. Purpose of the experiment

1) Master the usage of common electrical tools.
2) Master the common identification methods of low pressure.
3) Master the function of low-voltage electrical apparatus and their correct application.
2. Experiment contents and requirements
Observe common low-voltage apparatus, understand their structure, and be able to draw
electrical symbols and write text symbols.
3. Experiment report and content
1) Purchase the uniform standard experimental report paper in the academic affairs
office.
2) Fill in according to the items specified in the test report.
3) Draw the electrical symbols and write the text symbols according to the observed
low-voltage electrical components.
4) According to the observed low-voltage electrical components, the basic working
principle and function are briefly described

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 Experiment 2 Direct start control of motor

1. Purpose of the experiment

1) Master the usage of common electrical tools.
2) Master the identification method of schematic diagram.
3) Master the function of low-voltage electrical components and their correct application.
4) It can connect and simulate the start control circuit of three-phase asynchronous motor
according to the schematic diagram.
5) Master the starting control principle of three-phase asynchronous motor, and analyze
the problems.
2. Experiment contents and requirements
The schematic diagram of three-phase asynchronous motor is as follows.

Conduct circuit wiring according to the schematic diagram. It is required that the wiring
shall be neat, standardized and reasonable. After wiring, start the circuit for simulation
debugging and operation, and observe the circuit operation. If wiring is wrong, modify the
wiring until the operation results meet the circuit function.
3. Experiment report and content
1) Purchase the uniform standard experimental report paper in the academic affairs

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office.
2) Fill in according to the items specified in the test report.
3) According to the control requirements, the control circuit is analyzed.
4) Record and analyze the debugging process and running problems in detail.

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 Experiment 3 The forward and reverse relay control of motor

1. Purpose of the experiment

1) Master the usage of common electrical tools.
2) Master the identification method of schematic diagram.
3) Master the function of low-voltage electrical components and their correct application.
4) According to the schematic diagram, the forward and reverse control circuit of
three-phase asynchronous motor can be connected and simulated.
5) Master the forward and reverse control principle of three-phase asynchronous motor,
and be able to analyze the problems.
2. Experiment contents and requirements
The control schematic diagram of three-phase asynchronous motor is as follows.

Conduct circuit wiring according to the schematic diagram. It is required that the wiring
shall be neat, standardized and reasonable. After wiring, start the circuit for simulation

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debugging and operation, and observe the circuit operation. If wiring is wrong, modify the
wiring until the operation results meet the circuit function.
3. Experiment report and content
1) Purchase the uniform standard experimental report paper in the academic affairs
office.
2) Fill in according to the items specified in the test report.
3) According to the control requirements, the control circuit is analyzed.
4) Record and analyze the debugging process and running problems in detail.

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 Experiment 4 Reduced voltage starting of motor

1. Purpose of the experiment

1) Master the usage of common electrical tools.
2) Master the identification method of schematic diagram.
3) Master the function of low-voltage electrical components and their correct application.
4) It can be used to connect and simulate the decompression control circuit of
three-phase asynchronous motor according to the schematic diagram.
5) Master the control principle of three-phase asynchronous motor decompression start,
and analyze the problems.
2. Experiment contents and requirements
The control schematic diagram of three-phase asynchronous motor is as follows

Conduct circuit wiring according to the schematic diagram. It is required that the wiring
shall be neat, standardized and reasonable. After wiring, start the circuit for simulation
debugging and operation, and observe the circuit operation. If wiring is wrong, modify the
wiring until the operation results meet the circuit function.
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3. Experiment report and content
1) Purchase the uniform standard experimental report paper in the academic affairs
office.
2) Fill in according to the items specified in the test report.
3) According to the control requirements, the control circuit is analyzed.
4) Record and analyze the debugging process and running problems in detail.

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 Experiment 5 Understanding of PLC Experiment System
1. Purpose of the experiment
1) Familiar with Siemens s7-1200, experimental system.
2) Master the usage of application software.
3) Master the method of PLC programming with software.
4) Master the program simulation method.
2. Experiment contents and requirements
Observe s7-1200, understand its structure, master PLC configuration method, master
PLC I / O port, program input, download, debugging and simulation methods.
1) Program start and PLC configuration method:
① Locate the TIA Portal V13 software logo on the desktop and start it.
② Enter the interface as shown in Figure 1, and select create new project.

Pic 1
③ After defining the project name and path, click create, and the dialog box in Figure 2
will appear.

Pic 2
Click Configure device to configure. Select SIMTICS7-1200 --- CPU --- CPU 1214C

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DC / DC / DC --- 6ES7 214-1AG40-0X0B, and click Add.
④ Select from the interface as shown in Figure

3.
Pic 3
⑤ Double click main [OB1] to program. The interface is shown in Figure

4.
Pic 4
2) After programming, click the menu to download to the device. In the dialog box, select
PN / IE and Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller, as shown in Figure 5.
3) Click Start Search. When the status information is correct, click "download", as shown
in Figure 6.

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 Pic 5

Pic 6
If an error occurs during download, the network address needs to be modified. Methods:
computer system access:
Network and Sharing Center - local connection - Network - attribute - TCP / IPV4,
modified address: 192.168.0.XX, gateway: 192.168.0.1. Note that the numbers after the
address cannot be the same.
4) After finding the device, download it and turn it to online operation, open the
monitoring window and simulate it.

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 Experiment 6 basic instruction experiment
(automatic cycle control of worktable)
1. Purpose of the experiment
1) Familiar with PLC experiment system.
2) Master the usage of application software.
3) Master the programming method of PLC basic instructions.
4) Master the program simulation method.
2. Experiment contents and requirements
1) The PLC control circuit (external hardware connection diagram of PLC) for automatic
cycle of worktable is designed. The schematic diagram is shown in the figure below. When
the worktable is started, it moves forward.

2) Assign I / O address to the system. References are as follows

Input：SB1—I0.0 Start button
SQ1—I0.1 Forward limit switch
SQ2—I0.2 Backward limit switch
SQ3—I0.3 Stop button
Output：Q0.0--- Motor forward (table forward)
Q0.1—Motor reverse (table reverse)
3) Write PLC ladder program and input it into computer.
4) Edit, compile and download user programs.
5) After debugging the program, download and run it, and simulate it with software. At
the same time, the result of running is displayed in PLC and computer simulation
3. Experiment report and content
1) Purchase the uniform standard experimental report paper in the academic affairs
office.

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2) Fill in according to the items specified in the test report.
3) According to the control requirements, prepare PLC control program.
4) Record and analyze the debugging, downloading and running problems in detail.
5) Draw the control schematic diagram.

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 Experiment 7 timer counter experiment
(PLC control motor positive and negative Y -△ step-down start)
1. Purpose of the experiment
1) Use PLC to control the motor Y - △ starting circuit, and the main circuit is as shown
in the figure.
2) Through this experiment, we can improve the ability of analyzing and solving
problems.
2. Experiment contents and requirements
1) Motor M can realize positive and negative Y - △ startup.
2) Description of electrical operation process:
Press the forward start button SB2, KM1 and km4 are closed (y start). After 3S, km4 is
open and KM3 is closed, realizing forward △ operation;
Press the reverse start button SB3, km2 and km4 are closed (y start). After 3S, km4 is
open and KM3 is closed to realize reverse △ operation;
Press the stop button SB1 to stop the motor M.
3) Assign I / O address to the system.
References are as follows:
Input：SB2—I0.0 Forward start button
SQ3—I0.1 Reverse start button
SQ1—I0.2 Stop button
Output：KM1---Q0.0
KM2---Q0.1
KM3---Q0.2
KM4---Q0.3
4) Write PLC ladder program and input it into computer.
5) Edit, compile and download user programs.
6) After debugging the program, download and run it, and simulate it with software. At
the same time, the result of running is displayed in PLC and computer simulation.
3. Experiment report and content
1) Purchase the uniform standard experimental report paper in the academic affairs
office.
2) Fill in according to the items specified in the test report.
3) According to the control requirements, prepare PLC control program.
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4) Record and analyze the debugging, downloading and running problems in detail.
5) Design PLC external wiring circuit (with switch components, etc.).

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Experiment 8 function instruction experiment
1st．Shift experiment
1. Purpose of the experiment
1) Familiar with PLC shift instruction.
2) Through this experiment, we can improve the ability of analyzing and solving
problems.
2. Experiment content
1) Control requirements
Use i0.0 to control the cyclic shift of 8 color lights connected to Q0.0-Q0.7, and light
them in sequence from left to right at the speed of 0.5s, keep only one indicator light on at any
time, and then light them in sequence from left to right after reaching the most right end.
Analysis: 8 lights cycle shift control, can use byte cycle shift command. According to the
control requirements, first set the initial state of the color lamp as QB0 = 1, i.e. the first lamp
on the left is on; then the lamp is on from left to right at the speed of 0.5s, i.e. "1" in byte QB0
is required to move one bit every 0.5s with the cyclic left shift instruction, so a 0.5s shift pulse
must be connected at the en end of the ROL-B instruction (it can be realized with the timer
instruction). The ladder program and statement table program are shown in Figure 1.
2) Follow the ladder input procedure as shown.
3) Debug and run the program.
4) After debugging the program, download and run it, and simulate it with software. At
the same time, the result of running is displayed in PLC and computer simulation.
Note: refer top program

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3. Experiment report and content
1) Purchase the uniform standard experimental report paper in the academic affairs
office.
2) Fill in according to the items specified in the test report.
3) According to the control requirements, input the PLC control program and observe the
operation results.
4) Record and analyze the debugging, downloading and running problems in detail.
5) Design PLC external wiring circuit (with switch components, etc.).

2nd．Simulation control experiment of traffic lights

1. Purpose of the experiment
1) Familiar with PLC instructions.
2) Through this experiment, we can improve the ability of analyzing and solving
problems.
2. Experiment content
1) Control requirements
After starting, the North-South red light is on and maintained for 25s. When the
North-South red light is on, the east-west green light is also on. One second later, the
East-West light is on.
At 20s, the east-west green light flashes, and goes out after 3S. After the east-west green
light goes out, the East-West yellow light goes on, and at the same time, a goes out.
After the yellow light is on for 2S, the East-West red light is off. At the same time, the
North-South red light is off and the South-North green light is on.
After 1s, the north and South lights will be on. The North-South green light flashes after
25 s, goes out after 3 s, goes out at the same time, the yellow light goes out after 2 s, the
North-South red light goes on, the east-west green light goes on, and circulates.
2) I / O allocation
I/O
Start button:I0.0 north south red light: Q0.0 east west red light: q0.3
North South Yellow Light: Q0.1 East West yellow light: Q0.4
North South green light: Q0.2 east west green light: Q0.5
North South lamp (b): Q0.6 East West lamp (a): Q0.7

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 3) Follow the ladder input procedure as shown.
4) Debug and run the program.
5) After debugging the program, download and run it, and simulate it with software. At
the same time, the result of running is displayed in PLC and computer simulation
. Note: traffic light control ladder diagram (Reference)
3. Experiment report and content
1) Purchase the uniform standard experimental report paper in the academic affairs
office.
2) Fill in according to the items specified in the test report.
3) According to the control requirements, input the PLC control program and observe the
operation results.
4) Record and analyze the debugging, downloading and running problems in detail.
5) Design PLC external wiring circuit (with switch components, etc.).

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 .

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