Mechanics of

Deformable Bodies
Mapúa Institute of Technology
MEC32/A1 Group 1 4Q 2014
MAGBOJOS, Redentor V. ; RIGOR, Lady Krista V. ; SALIDO, Lisette S.
 1. Mechanics of Rigid Bodies
• Engineering mechanics
• Study of external forces and motions
with particles and rigid bodies
• rigid body does not change in size
and shape after applying a force
Major • Statics and dynamics
Divisions of 2. Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
• Strength of materials
Mechanics • Study of internal effects caused by
external loads on deformable bodies
• deformable body objects that can
stretch, bend, or twist

3. Mechanics of Fluids
 Hydraulics
Importance
of studying SAFE AND
internal SUCCESSFUL
effects on DESIGN
Strength, Stiffness, Stability
objects
Simple Stress:
Normal Stress
Mapúa Institute of Technology
MEC32/A1 Group 1 4Q 2014
MAGBOJOS, Redentor V. ; RIGOR, Lady Krista V. ; SALIDO, Lisette S.
 Stress 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 =
 Intensity of internal force 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
 Unit strength of body 𝑁 𝑑𝑦𝑛
 Vector quantity (magnitude + 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡: 𝑃𝑎 = 2 ; 𝑝𝑠𝑖;
𝑚 𝑐𝑚
direction)
 Force per unit area to structural
members that are subjected to
external forces
Stress  Describes and predicts the elastic
deformation of a body

Simple Stress
1. Normal stress
• Tensile
• Compressive
2. Shearing stress
3. Bearing stress
 𝑭
𝝈=
𝑨
Normal  F axial force
 Passing through the centroid
stress under  Force acting perpendicular to
axial the area
loading  A cross sectional area
 σ (sigma) normal stress
 Positive tension (elongate)
 Negative compression
(shorten)
 -diameter steel hanger rod is used to hold up one
end of a walkway support beam. The force carried by the rod
Example 1 is 5000 lb. Determine the normal stress in the rod. (Disregard
the weight of the rod.)

Cross-section of rod:
𝜋 2 𝜋
𝐴 = 𝑑 = (0.5 𝑖𝑛)2 = 0.1964 𝑖𝑛2
4 4
Hanger
rod
Normal stress in the rod:
𝐹 5000 𝑙𝑏
𝜎= = = 25458.25 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝐴 0.196 𝑖𝑛2

Walkway
support beam 𝜎= 25458.25 𝑝𝑠𝑖 ≈ 25500 𝑝𝑠𝑖
 Rigid bar ABC is supported by a pin at A and axial member (1),
which has a cross sectional area of 540 mm2. The weight of
Example 2 rigid bar ABC can be neglected.

(a) Determine the normal

stress in member (1) if a
load of P = 8 kN is applied
at C.

(a)
Σ𝑀𝐴 = 8 𝑘𝑁 2.2 𝑚 − 1.6 𝑚 𝐹1 = 0 ∴ 𝐹1 = 11 𝑘𝑁
𝑁
𝐹1 (11 𝑘𝑁)(1000 )
𝜎1 = = 𝑘𝑁 = 20.37 𝑁/ 𝑚𝑚2 𝜎1 = 20.37 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐴1 540 𝑚𝑚2
 Rigid bar ABC is supported by a pin at A and axial member (1),
which has a cross sectional area of 540 mm2. The weight of
Example 2 rigid bar ABC can be neglected.

(b) If the maximum

normal stress in member
(1) must be limited to 50
MPa, what is the
maximum load
magnitude P that may
be applied to the rigid
bar at C?
(b) ∴ 𝐹1 = 𝜎1 𝐴1 = 50 𝑀𝑃𝑎 540 𝑚𝑚2 = 50 𝑁/ 𝑚𝑚2 540 𝑚𝑚2
= 27000 N = 27 kN
Σ𝑀𝐴 = 2.2 𝑚 𝑃 − (1.6 𝑚)(27 𝑘𝑁)
𝑃 = 19.64 𝑘𝑁
 Draw FBD that expose
the internal force in each
of the three segments.
Example 3 Axial segment (3)
Σ𝐹𝑥 = −𝐹3 + 25 𝑘𝑁 = 0
∴ 𝐹𝑥 = 25 𝑘𝑁 (𝑇)
A 50-mm-wide steel bar
has axial loads applied at Axial segment (2)
points B, C, and D. If the Σ𝐹𝑥 = −𝐹2 − 40𝑘𝑁 + 25 𝑘𝑁 = 0
normal stress magnitude in ∴ 𝐹𝑥 = −15 𝑘𝑁 = 15 𝑘𝑁 (𝐶)
the bar must not exceed 60
MPa, determine the Axial segment (1)
minimum thickness that Σ𝐹𝑥 = −𝐹1 + 80 𝑘𝑁 − 40𝑘𝑁
can be used for the bar. +25 𝑘𝑁 = 0
∴ 𝐹𝑥 = 65 𝑘𝑁(𝑇)

𝐹 𝐹
𝜎= ∴𝐴≥
𝐴 𝜎
(65 𝑘𝑁)(1000 𝑁/𝑘𝑁)
=
(60 𝑁/ 𝑚𝑚2 )
𝐴 = 1083.33 𝑚𝑚2
 The homogeneous bar shown is supported by a smooth pin at
C and a cable that runs from A to B around the smooth peg at
Example 4 D. Find the stress in the cable if its diameter is 0.6 inch and the
bar weighs 6000 lb.
Example 5
Determine the largest
weight W that can be
supported by two wires.
The stress in either wire is
not to exceed 30 ksi. The
cross-sectional areas of
wires AB and AC are 0.4
in2 and 0.5 in2, respectively. Rigid bar ABC is supported by a pin at A and axial member (1),
which has a cross sectional area of 540 mm2. The weight of
rigid bar ABC can be neglected.
Example 6
For the truss shown,
calculate the stresses in
members CE, DE, and DF.
The cross-sectional area of
each member is
1.8 in2. Indicate tension (T)
or compression (C).
Wrap up!
 Strength of materials is the study of internal effects
caused by external loads on deformable bodies.
 Stress is the strength of internal force. It is a vector
quantity.
 The direction of normal stress is denoted by a sign
(positive tension, negative compression).
 σ=F/A
 The axial force P is perpendicular to cross-sectional
area A.
 1. Gonzales, Divina R. (n.d.) Simple Stress [Class Handout].
Mechanics of Deformable Bodies, Mapúa Institute of
Technology, Intrauros, Manila.
2. Philpot, Timothy A. (2008). Mechanics of Materials: An
References Integrated Learning System. USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3. Verterra, Romel. (2014). Normal Stresses. Retrieved from
http://www.mathalino.com/reviewer/mechanics-and-
strength-of-materials/normal-stresses