NAME : THALIA NAFITRAH RAMADIAN SYAM

NIM : 40300118129

CLASS : AG 6

Write 10 questions and answers related to the material in Chapter 7 (Semantic and Logic).

1. Explain the meaning of logic and language and give example?

 Logic is one of the major branches of philosophy which is commonly understood as a
science and study of correct process of thinking or reasoning. And Language is a set
of a system communication which consists of a set of sounds and written symbol.
Example :
Richard Is a Human
All humans have brains
Therefore, Richard has a brain

2. Why logic and language is relevant?

 Because the logics and the language study will have significant philosophical
knowledge because logic helps to supports the reasoning validity and language
learning shows how description and assumptions are to be made. People have to learn
language to recognize arguments.

3. What is propositional logic?

 Propositional logic, also known as sentential logic and statement logic, is the branch
of logic that studies ways of joining and/or modifying entire propositions, statements
or sentences to form more complicated propositions, statements or sentences, as well
as the logical relationships and properties that are derived from these methods of
combining or altering statements.

4. What is predicate logic and give example?

 Predicate logic is combined into sentences and adding new terms.
A term in predicate logic
• A term: a noun or subject
• Predicate: the properties of a term
Example : in the sentence "John loves Mary", the nouns are "John" and "Mary", and
the predicate is "loves".
5. What is the difference between predicate logic and propositional logic?
 Propositional logic (also called sentential logic) is logic that includes sentence letters
(A,B,C) and logical connectives, but not quantifiers while Predicate logic is usually
used as a synonym for first-order logic, but sometimes it is used to refer to other
logics that have similar syntax.

6. Explain about Intension and Extension?

 Intension and extension, in logic, correlative words that indicate the reference of a
term or concept: “intension” indicates the internal content of a term or concept that
constitutes its formal definition; and “extension” indicates its range of applicability
by naming the particular objects that it denotes.

7. Give examples of Intension and Extension?

 For example:
The intension of a car is the all-inclusive concept of a car, including, for example,
mile-long cars made of chocolate that may not actually exist. But the extension of a
car is all actual instances of cars (past, present, and future).

Example extension:
The words "before" and "after" do not apply to objects individually—it makes no
sense to say "Jim is before" or "Jim is after"—for their extension, the set of all
sequences of objects that satisfy the concept or expression in question. So the
extension of "before" is the set of all (ordered) pairs of objects such that the first one
is before (precedes) the second one.

8. Explain about truth conditional semantic and give example?

 Truth-conditional semantics is a theory of the meaning of natural language sentences.
It takes the language world relations as the basic concern of semantics rather than the
language mind relation: language is about states of affairs in the world. The semantic
competence of a speaker – hearer is said to consist in his / her knowledge, for any
sentence of his / her language, of how the world would have to be for that sentence to
be true.

For example Truth Condition Semantic:

"It is snowing in Nebraska" is true precisely when it is snowing in Nebraska. Truth

conditions of a sentence don't necessarily reflect current reality.

9. What is truth conditional and dive example?

  Truth condition is a sentence that contains truth, clear and true explanation.
Sentences that are for example accompanied by words because ...
The example:
Street was full of snow because it was winter.
The truth is it's snowing for clarity again.
Because the white road is still ambiguous without any explanation of the truth, it
could be white because of the used paint.

10. Explain about Concluding Remarks and how to write a Concluding Remarks?
 A concluding remark is the last sentence of the conclusion in an essay. It is called a
concluding remark because it sums up the entire purpose of the essay in a single
sentence. As the name suggests, this remark wraps up the entire essay with a period at
the end. However, sometimes there could be a question mark or an exclamation mark
instead of a period, depending upon the type of remark.

Formal Closing Remarks

- “It's been a pleasure being with all of you today, thank you”
- “Thank you all for your patience, I wish you all a very good evening. ...
- “It's been an honor to be among such accomplished individuals and to be able to
----present my perspective before you all, thank you and good evening/day”