Name: Rodante P.

Hernandez Jr
BS ECE
Subject: GE 5
Course code: 11658
Teacher: Prof. Jenelyn Retardo

ULO 1A- “Let’s Check”

Activity 1. Now, that you know the essential Historical Antecedents of Science and
Technology from the different periods up to the Philippine inventions. Let us try to check
your understanding of these historical antecedents. In the space provided, write the
correct words or terms needed to answer the following statements:
1) Communication - In ancient times, these were also essential in their endeavors to
discover and occupy new places.
2) Sumerian Civilization- A civilization known for their high degree of cooperation
with one another and their desire for great things.
3) Conservation of life - Was the ancient people's primary challenge though they
were successful in harnessing the rich resources that the world could provide?
4) Hieroglyphics -The early writing system of the Egyptians which they believed it
was provided to them by their gods by using symbols.
5) Sumeria-The location of this civilization is on the southernmost tip of ancient
Mesopotamia, and one of their major contributions is the development of the first
writing system known as cuneiform.
6) Greece-Known as the birthplace of western philosophy, some of the major
achievements they contributed much to the world were in science and
technology.
7) Roman Empire-Known to be the strongest political and social entity in the west
and looked up by other civilizations as their model in terms of legislation and
codified laws.
8) Gazettes-It is the first newspaper of Romans that contained the Roman Empire’s
announcements to their people, and it was engraved in metal or stone and
publicly displayed.
9) Medieval/Middle Ages - A period was wars; massive invasions and migrations
were prevalent. Technology is important in the field of weaponry, navigation,
mass food, and farm production and health.
10)Pasteurization - The process of heating the product to kill the harmful bacteria
that allow them to spoil faster.
Let’s Analyze page 15
Activity 1. Getting acquainted with the science and technological developments in
different periods are not enough. What also matters is you should also be able to
explain its relationships to the lives of the people as we go over the advancements
towards the future. I will let you define your answers thoroughly.
1. How did the development in science and technology shape human history?
You set/mention some examples to defend your answer.
 Technology is where we can apply our scientific knowledge to achieve a
particular goal or to enhance something. Technology can be super simple just
like one of the earliest and greatest technological achievements which is the
wheel. Lever, Nails, hammers, ropes, watering cans; anything that is created by
us to take advantage of the world that we live in is technology. It's not hard to see
how technology has completely changed the world we live in, and therefore
changed history. These effects can be great or terrible. Development in science
and technology shaped human history in many ways. It enabled us to share
ideas much faster around the country and around the world. For example is in
the present generation, we're transmitting messages into space in the hope that
we'll contact someone there. Science and Technology shape the human history
because of the big advancements and because it became part of our everyday
lives. We can’t deny that we need Technology to make our lives easier and much
comfortable.

2.How science and technology affect society?

 We all use technology on a daily basis, and while using it, certain things are
revealed to us as we enjoy its seemingly infinite number of functions. When
thinking about it, we can realize that technology is going to improve so much
more in the future that can greatly affect our society. We have lost our privacy by
using these gadgets as most of us willingly gave it away by entering into the
system. Many of us have become addicted to technology to a point where it
begins to enslave us, although very few people would admit to that. Technology
has many positive impacts in different industries that can adversely affect the
society. Technology is not an enemy, but we do have to remind ourselves that
there are other things that we can do besides swiping the screens on our
devices.
3. Do you agree with these continuous developments? Why or why not?
 I agree about these developments because these developments are endless for
as long as there are questions to be answered. If there are still questions to be
answered then, these developments will be endless.
In a Nutshell p. 16-17
1. The historical antecedents ushered the most development in the society in terms of
infrastructures, medicines, preserving of information or transmitting information, mass
productions, agriculture, and even for the protection of one another.
2. On the contrary, it shows improvements in people's lives as an effect of technological
progress. Due to its possible destruction to the environment, there must be limitations in
such developments and might lead to scarcity of natural resources
3. These improvements will be further be continue since the technology is evolving.
4.These are the foundations of our society on how technologies work before.
Let’s check p. 20
1.The Id, Ego and Super Ego of Freud:
From the psychoanalytic theory, these are the theory that suggested by Sigmund
Freud.
Id – source of all energy. this is usually driven by pleasure principle.
Ego- realistic part that mediates the desires between the id and super ego.
Super Ego- operates as the moral conscience.
Natural Selection and Survival of the fittest
 Natural selection is the theory proposed by Charles Darwin. This theory states
that it is a process on which it is the capability to adapt and survive in the
environment.
The term survival of the fittest means a certain of organism must produce or else
they will die based from the theory he proposed.
2. Explain the concept of Geocentrism and Heliocentrism.
 Geocentrism- it is a once belief that the earth is the center of the universe. It was
proposed by Eudoxus (a pupil of Plato) where he stated that the universe and all
of its heavenly bodies are revolving towards the earth’s center. On the other
hand, Heliocentrism is an astronomical model that was proposed by Nicolas
Copernicus where he proposed that the sun not the earth is the center of the
solar system.
3. Name other scientific revolutions that happened in the following places:
Meso-America- In Meso-America, one of the scientific revolutions happened are the
development of the following:
Mayan Civilization:
 Pyramid (El Castillo, Chichen Itza)
 Eclipse prediction
 Astrological prediction
 Mayan calendars, hieroglyphics
 Hydraulics
 Weaving rooms
Inca civilization:
 First suspension bridge
 Quipu (knotted ropes to keep records)
Aztec Civilization:
 Mandatory education
 Chocolates
 Aztec Calendar
 Canoe
Asia – These are the following scientific revolution:
 Ayurveda
 Brahmagupta
 Acupunture
Middle East
 Algebra (Muhammad al- Khwarizmi)
Africa
 Development of Geometry
 Center of alchemy

Let’s analyze p.22

Activity 2. The transformation to the perspective and beliefs of the society brought
pieces of evidence of sciences and technology's link to humanity. These lead to more
scientific research and experiments to deepen the understanding of what surrounds us
in different aspects. At this juncture, you will be required to EXPLAIN your answers
about the following questions.

1.Why do you think were most intellectual ideas controversial?

  I think the idea of Nicolas Copernicus is the most controversial since it is hard to
believe on that time that the sun is the center of the solar system and not the
earth since if you view it you can observe that and might think that the earth is
the center of the solar system.
2.Why did people accept these discoveries despite being contradictory to what was
widely accepted at that time?
 In my opinion, people accept these discoveries because of its plausibility on what
theories are seems to be valid. At the same time these evidences maybe strong
so that’s why people accept these discoveries.
3.How do intellectual revolutions transform societies?
 These intellectual revolutions transform societies by challenging these new
beliefs into new ones that allows us to further search for the truth. At the same it
allows us to develop new ways that further improve the life of the people in the
society.
4. What do you think are the positive and negative results brought about innovations
and technological advances in the information age? Reflect on your answers and come
up which do you think the possible rules and guidelines in using the different media
information.
Positive:
 Efficient of getting the information.
 Electronic Entertainment.
 Broader Communication.
Negative:
 Prone to hacking, pornography, phishing if not regulated.
 It can be addicting.
Rules and Regulations:
 Government should pass strict legislations on dealing crimes involving
technology such as hacking, phishing, etc.
In a Nutshell:
Activity 3. The relevance of science and technology to the life of society is
incontestable. In this portion of the unit, the module will be requiring you to state your
arguments or synthesis relevant to the topics presented. I will supply the first two items,
and you will continue the rest.
1. Through the intellectual revolutions, it opens the mind of society, letting us deepen
our scientific and technological understanding of the world. Through widening research
and experiments don, it provides a more comfortable and accessible life of humanity.
2. Intellectual revolutions are continuous as long as humanity will always struggle and
never stop in finding the right information that will benefit society, mainly when there are
ongoing discoveries.
3.Intellectual revolution is the result of a man’s continuous pursuit of the truth
4. Without these intellectual revolutions, we can’t have an efficient society.
5.These known intellectual revolutions may change many years from now since
technology is changing so does the man’s continuous pursuit of truth.
6.These intellectual revolutions affect many lives of the people.
ULO 1C- “Let’s Check”
Activity 3. The works of science and technology greatly influenced the development of
nation-building in the country. At this point, let us try to determine the extent of its
influence in the country. Please elaborate your answers to the questions below:
1. Discuss the traced development of science and technology from the pre-colonial
times up to the present.
 Science and technology in the Philippines describes scientific and technological
progress made by the Philippines and explores related policy issues. The main
organization responsible for managing science and technology (S&T) is the
Department of Science and Technology (DOST). There are also sectoral councils
for Forestry, Agriculture and Aquaculture, the Metal Industry, Nuclear Research,
Food and Nutrition, Health, Meteorology, Volcanology and Seismology. In the
Pre-Colonial period, the Philippines started its scientific technological
development. Early Filipino settlers were already using specific plants and herbs
as medicines. There is an implementation of the systems of farming and animal-
raising. It also includes the development of different modes of transportation this
time such as the Kalesa. In the Colonial period, the Philippines was colonized by
the Spanish, Americans and the Japanese which led to advancement of
technology. The construction of extensive infrastructures such as walls, roads,
bridges is used by engineering skills and tools brought by the Spaniards. The
Spanish government also developed health and education systems that were
enjoyed by the Principalia class. American occupation modernized almost all
aspects of life in the Philippines. They established a government the agency, the
Bureau of Science, to nurture development in the field of science and technology
and the Japanese contributed to farming, food production and shaping of culture.
Lastly, in the Post-Colonial period, one of the presidents who ushered in
advancements in science and technology and who saw that the key to nation-
building is through science and technology was Ferdinand Marcos. He
empowered PAG-ASA, DOST and the NAST.
A. Ferdinand Marcos
  He modified the 1973 Philippine Constitution, Article XV, Section 9 (1), he
declared that the "advancement of science and technology should have priority in
the national development. Many agencies in science and technology were
established and fortified that includes PAGASA (Philippine Atmospheric
Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration) in place of Weather
Bureau and the National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) which
reconstituted to National Science and Technology Authority presently known as
DOST (Department of Science and Technology). Roads, bridges, power plants,
schools, and hospitals are the most relevant development in his time.

B. Corazon Aquino
 Corazon Aquino created the Presidential Task Force for Science and Technology
which came up with the first Science and Technology Master Plan or STMP. The
goal of STMP was for the Philippines to achieve newly industrialized country
status by the year 2000.
C. Fidel Ramos
 Fidel V. Ramos believes that science and technology was one of the means
wherein the Philippines could attain the status of new industrialized country
(NIC). During his term, he was able to establish programs that were significant to
the field of S&T.
D. Joseph Estrada
 In President Joseph Estrada's term, two major legislatures that he signed were
Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 Republic Act No. 8749 which was designed to
protect and preserve the environment and ensure the sustainable development
of its natural resources, and Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 which outlaws
computer hacking and provides opportunities for new businesses emerging from
the Internet-driven New Economy. Aside from these, in his first State of the
Nation Address, President Estrada launched a full-scale program based on cost-
effective irrigation technologies. Lastly, he said that they would speed up the
program to establish one science high school in every province. It was in his
second State of the Nation Address that President Estrada announced the
passage of the Clean Air Act, and the decision to pursue the 15-year
modernization program of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.
E. Gloria Arroyo
 In Gloria Arroyo’s State of the Nation Address in 2001, President Arroyo
emphasized the role of technology in future economic development. President
Arroyo took off from the groundwork of S&T policies put in place, resulting in the
accomplishment of five broad tiers of S&T programs.
F. Benigno Aquino Jr.
 Slight advancement of science and technology due to the implementation of k to
12.

G. Rodrigo Duterte
 Science and technology in the country scored another milestone with the signing
of the Balik Scientist law by President Rodrigo Roa A. Duterte on 15 June 2018.
11035, also known as an Act Institutionalizing the Balik Scientist Program, would
give more incentives to returning Filipino experts, scientists, inventors, and
engineers who would share their expertise in the country. 819 but was only
implemented in 1986. Since its implementation, several scientists have come
back to the country on short- and long-term basis to mentor science and
engineering students and faculty along their line of expertise through research
and development, teaching, and other activities.

Let’s Analyze
Activity 3: In this activity, you are required to elaborate on your answer to each of
the questions below.
1. What do you think are the significant contributions of science and technology to the
Philippine nation-building?
 The major contributions of science and technology to Philippine nation-building
are linked to its socio-economic progress and its industrialization. Today, the
current state of our country is very low in its capacity to produce local goods for
domestic needs as well as in international scientific research publications. Next
is in bronze age, people learned to use metals for tools and weapons, as well as,
domestication and agriculture. Moving forward, all the discoveries and
developments of tools lead to more knowledge and advancements in the field of
science. More scientists rose to invent and apply science for the betterment of
our society. On the other hand, medical science has contributed much to the
cure and prevention of diseases including the application of vaccines and the
promotion of cheaper medicines. Lastly, the field of communication welcomed a
drastic change from the internet usage to the different supply of cellular phones-
in just a snap people from far distances can already see and commune with
each other.
2. What specific government policy do you like the most in contributing to the
development of science and technology in the Philippines?
  The government policy that I like is the one that president Duterte signed which is
the balik scientist law. I like this policy since it allows our homegrown scientist,
engineers or inventors to contribute to our society by having or giving incentives
to them. By that they would be motivated to provide/contribute to our society.

3. How science and technology relevant to the development of nation-building?

 Science and technology is relevant to the development of nation building since it
is the backbone of the society. Society revolves around technology since it has
capability of making processes fast and efficient.
4. What policies do you want the government to implement in the near future?
 I want a policy that further drives the development of the nation is that there
should be a new policy that provides young filipino engineering students and
inventors to give a capability to solve modern problems particularly on our
environment.
In a Nutshell p.30-31
2. Science and technology should be given a big priority of the government.
3. There should be strict polices created so that technology shouldn’t be used
incorrectly.