External Site Network Secifications

‫مشروع انشاء وانجاز مستشفى النساءوالوالدة واالطفال بالشارقة‬
‫وتوسعات قسم الطواريء في مستشفى القاسمي‬

Women, Gynecology & Maternity Hospital in Sharjah
and Emergency Ward Extension in Qassimi Hospital (Sharjah)
Table of contents
Contents Page
SEC. 1 SANITARY SEWERS 1
1.1 General 1
1.2 Standards 2
1.3 Types of Pipes and Fittings for Gravity Sewers 3
1.3.1 Extra Strength Vitrified Clay (V.C) Pipes 3
Unplasticized P.V.C. (u.P.V.C) Pipes 5
1.3.3 Reinforced Concrete (R.C) Pipes 5
Glass-Fibber Reinforced Polyster (G.R.P.) Pipes 7
1-3-5 High Density Polyethylene (H.D.P) pipes : 7
1.4 Earth Works 8
1.4.1 Excavation for trenches and manholes 8
1.4.1.1 Definitions 8
1.4.1.2 Preparing the site of work 9
1.4.1.3 Bulk Excavated Trenches 10
1.4.1.4 Setting out of Axis and Levels 10
1.4.1.5 Supporting Excavation's bed 12
1.4.1.6 Bedding for Pipes 12
1.4.1.7 Adjusting excavation bed and slope 12
1.4.1.8 Trench Excavation Width 13
1.4.1.9 Supporting Excavations 14
1.4.1.10 Temporary Fences 15
1.4.1.11 Disposal of Excavated Material Within the Site 15
1.4.1.12 Disposal of Excavated Material off Site 16
1.4.1.13 Excess Excavation to be Made Good 16
1.4.1.14 Dewatering 17
1.4.1.15 Excavation for High Ways Crossings 18
1.4.2 Trench Backfilling 18
1.4.3 Construction of Right-of-way 20
1.4.4 Manholes 20
1.4.4.1 Construction of Sanitary Sewer Manholes 20
1.4.4.2 Excavation and Backfilling 21
Contents Page
1.4.4.3 Manhole Walls and Floors 21
1.4.4.4 Manhole Steps 22
1.4.4.5 Manhole Covers and Frames 22
1.4.4.6 Manhole Cement Plaster 23
Volume 1 Page 1 of 43
Al-Qassimi Hospital External Site Network Specifications 
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‫مشروع إنشاء وانجاز مستشفى النساء والوالدة واألطفال بالشارقة‬
‫وتوسعات قسم الطوارئ في مستشفى القاسمي‬
1.4.4.7 Future pipe jointing 23

1.4.4.8 Jointing pipes to manholes 23
1.4.4.9 Drop Manholes 24
1.4.4.10 House Connections (General) 24
1.4.4.11 Inspection Chamber 26
1.4.4.12 Testing of House Connection 26
1.4.4.13 Records of House Connection Locations 26
1.4.5 Laying and Testing Sewer Pipes 27
1.4.5.1 Handling of Pipes and Fittings 28
1.4.5.2 Lowering Pipes and Fittings into Trench 29
1.4.5.3 Pipe Laying 30
1.4.5.4 Jointing Pipes 31
1.4.5.5 Jointing to existing lines 32
1.4.5.6 Clean up of pipe line 32
1.4.6 Field Test of Gravity Sewers and Manholes 32
1.4.6.1 General 32
1.4.6.2 Air or Smoke Test 34
1.4.6.3 Water Test 35
1.4.6.4 Testing the Internal Diameter of Gravity Sewer 36
1.4.6.5 Final Drawings: 36
1.5 Force Mains 37
1-5-1 Ductile Cast Iron Pressure pipes and fittings 37
1.5.2 Prestressed Concrete Pressure pipes and fittings ( steel cylinder type ) 40
1.5.3 Unplasticized P.V.C. (uPVC) Pipes 42
1.5.4 High Density Polyethylene (H.D.P) pipes : 43
1.5.5 Valves and fittings 44
1.5.5.1 Gate Valves 44
1.5.5.2 Air Valves 45
Contents Page
1.5.5.3 Surface Boxes 45
1.5.6 Transport, Storing and Handling of Pipes and Materials 46
1.5.7 Force Main Laying 46
1.5.8 Force Mains Crossing Ditches 48
1.5.9 Tests of Pipes 49
1.5.10 Water Hammer 51
1.5.11 Concrete Works for Force Main 52
1.5.11.1 Valve Chambers 52
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1.5.11.2 Valve Chamber Steps 53

1.5.11.3 Anchor and Thrust Blocks 53
1.5.11.4 Deceleration Chamber 54
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
(CIVIL, MECHANICAL)
SEC. 1 SANITARY SEWERS
1.1 General
This chapter comprises the technical specifications for the supply, construction, erection, testing and handing
over in perfect working condition the following:
Sanitary Gravity Sewers:
- Gravity pipes.
- Manholes.
- House connections.
- Inspection chambers.
- Force mains
Pipe sizes are given throughout in metric dimensions, but the Contractor will be permitted to supply pipes in
corresponding English dimensions in inches.
The Contractor shall state in his tender the suppliers of the various pipes he proposed to use.
The works include all labor, equipment and material, necessary to complete the work as stipulated in this
specification and other Contract documents. The Contractor shall remove so much of the pavements as may
be necessary while excavating the trenches and pits to the required dimensions, construct and maintain all
bridges required for traffic control, sheet, brace and support the adjoining ground or structures where
necessary, handle all drainage or ground water, guard the site, unload haul, distribute, and test pipes and
accessories, replace all damaged drains, sewers, or other structures, backfill the trench and pits, restore the
road surface, remove surplus excavated materials, clean the site of work, test the completed lines for
pressure and leakage requirements, maintain the streets or other surface over the trenches. Material and
workmanship shall conform with the following technical specifications or any other equal specifications. The
factory shall have internationally approved certificates.
The scope includes all works, material and equipment required for flow diversion from existing pipelines that
shall be replaced, new pipelines including pumping and modifications in existing manholes and all required
works for septic tanks emptying, demolition, and backfilling of part of it with plain concrete or sand.
All pipes, fittings and valves shall be tested in factory before being delivered and test certificate shall be
submitted together with any consignment. Testing methods and apparatus used for testing of pipes, valves
and fittings at the manufacturer's works shall be subject to the inspection and approval of the Engineer.
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1.2 Standards
The following standards are referred to and the abbreviations shown have been used:
British Standards (B.S.) and British Standard Codes of Practice (C.P):
Published by: British Standards Institution
British Standards House,
2, Park Street,
London, Wl.
American Society for Testing and Materials (A.S.T.M.) Standards:

Published by: American Society for Testing and materials,
1916 Race Street,
Philadelphia
Pennsylvania, 19103
ANSI The American Institue For Specifications
AWWA The American Society for Water Affairs
German Standard (DIN):
Published by: DIN
Deutch Verlag GMBH
1 Berlin 30,
Burggrafenstrasse 4-7,
West Germany.
Materials and workmanship shall comply with the relevant standard (with up to date amendments) current at
the thirty-first day of December of the year preceding the Tender Date, unless a more recent amendment is
specified hereinafter, or with the requirements of any other authoritative standard approved by the Engineer
which shall be not less exacting; in the opinion of the Engineer; than the corresponding standard quoted
herein.
Where the relevant standard provides for the furnishing of a certificate to the purchaser, at his request,
stating that the materials supply comply in all respects with the standard, the Contractor shall obtain the
certificate and forward it to the Engineer.
1.3 Types of Pipes and Fittings for Gravity Sewers
1.3.1 Extra Strength Vitrified Clay (V.C) Pipes
Extra Strength Vitrified clay pipes shall be self vitrified and manufactured in accordance with the following
specifications
- DIN 1230 Part 1& 2.
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- BS 65-1981.
- DIN 4033.
- ASTM C12-82.
- BS 65&450.
Pipes shall be tested in accordance with the above standards as follows:
- The complete roundness of internal & external diameter for pipes and fittings.
- Complete straightness of pipes.
- Revision of dimensions for pipes and fittings ( Diameters – lengths – thickness –
angles for bends & tees and its compliance with the standards).
- Resonance.
- Resistance of Acids & Alkynes.
- Water Hammer Pressure.
- Infiltration Resistance.
- Crushing.
- Friction.
- Flexure.
- Cracking.
- Hydrostatic Pressure Test.
- Softness of Surface.
- Bending Resistance.
- Water absorption.
1.3.2 Unplasticized P.V.C. (u.P.V.C) Pipes
uP.V.C. pipes and fittings for gravity sewers shall be obtained from an approved manufacturer and full
technical details shall be supplied concerning the pipes and fittings to be used.
uP.V.C. pipes shall comply with the following specifications:
- DIN 8061 Part"1"
- DIN 8062
- DIN 19534 Parts 1&2
Pipes also shall be tested in accordance with the following specifications :
- Dimensions & Weights & Lengths DIN 19534
- Visual inspection DIN 19534 Part 2
- Abrasion of pipes affected by Mithylene Chloride ASTM D2152
- Impact DIN 19534 Part 2
- Pendulum Impact ASTM D236
- Thermal Expansion & Contraction ASTM D236
- Cohesion of raw material ASTM D236
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- Tension ASTM D8826

- Hydrostatic Pressure for 1000 hrs for sewersDIN 19534 Part 2
- Water absorption DIN 19534 Part 2
- Specific Resistivity for surfaces and volumes ASTM D257
- Bending Resistance DIN 53452
1.3.3 Reinforced Concrete (R.C) Pipes

R.C pipes shall comply the following specifications in their manufacture:
- ASTM C 76M-80
- BS 5911 Part 100
Pipes shall be tested in accordance with the following specifications :
1) Tests on concrete:
- Compression Strength ASTM C39
- Absorption resistance ASTM C497M
- Concrete core ASTM C497M
2) Tests on Final Product:
- Hydrostatic Pressure ASTM C 497 M
- Crushing ASTM C 76 M
- Tolerance in dimensions & lengths ASTM C 76 M
- Workmanship ASTM C 76 M
- Inspection & maintenance ASTM C 76 M
3) Certificated Signs/Marking for Production ASTM C 76 M
4) Tests on Raw Materials :
- Cement (physical & chemical properties) ASTM C 150& 595
- Aggregate ASTM C 33
- Reinforcement Steel ASTM C 76
Internal protection:
Internal protection shall be in accordance with the Ministry Decision NO.277/2000 and the
modifications and the additions mentioned in the Ministry Decision NO.14/2002 and any other
Decisions added to this Decision. The internal protection shall be as following:
The body of the pipe shall be of sulphate resistant cement then to be internally covered by
plastic strips (polyvinyl chloride) or High Density Polythylene , with minimum thickness of 2 mm
fixed on the whole internal perimeter of the pipe (360 0) using the (T- lock ) system , plastic strips
covers shall be with a minimum overlap of 5 cm.
External protection:
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It shall be in accordance with the Ministry Decision mentioned above and it shall be for
aggressive soil as following:
The body of the pipe and fittings shall be of sulphate resistant cement , one of the two following
methods shall be used for external protection of pipes and fittings after tests:
(i) The external surface shall be painted using two layers of bituminous coat (P.F.4) to a minimum
thickness of 450 mm after drying, no diluting material shall be used ,and then to be wrapped
spirally using self adhesive tapes from polyethylene or plastic (polyvinyl chloride) with a
minimum thickness of 200 microns and a minimum overlap of 1.00 m.
(ii) The external surface shall be coated by primer epoxy with a minimum thickness of 450 microns
after drying, no diluting material shall be used.
In addition, the pipes, special pieces, connections and fittings shall be wrapped spirally using
self adhesive tapes from polyethylene or plastic (polyvinyl chloride) with a minimum thickness of
200 microns and with an overlap as mentioned before.
In case of metal parts of pipes ends and fittings , they shall be painted with one preliminary coat
of rich Zinc with a minimum thickness of 125 microns after drying then a layer of Poly Urethane
with a minimum thickness of 350 microns
1-3-4 Glass-Fibber Reinforced Polyster (G.R.P.) Pipes

G.R.P pipes shall be manufactured in accordance with the following specifications:
- ASTM S 638 -76
- ASTM D 2412 -77
- ASTM D 3754 -79
- ASTM D 3262 -80
- BS 5480 – 77
G.R.P pipes shall pass the following tests according to the following specifications:
- Workmanship ASTM D 3262
- Dimensions ASTM D 3262
- Stiffness ASTM D 2412
- Long Term Chemical Test ASTM D 3681
- Joint – Tightness Test ASTM D 4161
- Beam Strength Test ASTM D 3262 And/or ASTM D 638 & D-695
Stiffeness shall not be less than 10000 N/m2.
1-3-5 High Density Polyethylene (H.D.P) pipes :

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HDP pipes shall comply the following specifications:

- DIN 8074
- DIN 8075
- DIN 19537
And to be tested due to the following specifications:
- Dimensions & Weights & Lengths DIN 8074 & 8075
- Visual inspection DIN 19537
- Density DIN 53479
- Coefficient of Blowing DIN 53735
- Tensile strength DIN 53455
- Rectangular Ratio DIN 53455
- Bending strength DIN 53452
- Ductile ratio DIN 53457
- Stiffness Test DIN 53456
- Impact Resistance DIN 53453
- Coefficient of Expansion ASTM D 696
- Hydrostatic Pressure DIN 19537
1.4 Earth Works
1.4.1 Excavation for trenches and manholes
1.4.1.1 Definitions :
The following terms shall have the meanings here by assigned them :
"Ordinary soil" Means all kinds of soil formed of clay, silt, sand, gravel, volcanic aches, cobbles, … etc. which
can be excavated and removed by ordinary excavating machines and tools. Loose boulders or detached
pieces of rock not exceeding one cubic meter in volume shall be considered as ordinary soil.
"Topsoil" Means any surface material, suitable for use in soiling areas to be grassed or cultivated.
"Rock" Means any naturally occurring solid mass of hard material of not less than one cubic meter
(measured with in the excavation) which can not be easily shattered or broken-up, and in the sole opinion of
the Engineer requires the use of explosives or special rock breaking techniques such as wedges and
hammers, or compressed air drilling.
Soil which is suspended to be rock should be subjected to the breaking test at an approved
laboratory. Samples with dimensions 15 x 15 x 15 cm or 10 x 10 x 10 cm should with stand a stress not less
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than 70 kg/cm2 for dry samples and 40 kg/cm2 for wet samples, the prices of this soil will be included in the
price of supply and erect pipes
"Bulk Excavation" Means excavation in open unit (excluding trench excavation) down to levels specified on
the drawings or otherwise as being the general levels after compaction of excavation.
"Trench and Pit Excavation for Foundation" Means excavation, to levels and limits specified on the drawings
or otherwise , of trenches and pits into which building foundations and the like are to be laid.
"Excess Excavation" Means excavation outside the limits specified in drawings and specifications. No extra
payment shall be paid for this excess excavation.
"Excavation Category" include all costs , tasks and equipments required to achieve the work completely.
1.4.1.2 Preparing the site of work :
The line and level of trenches are as shown on the drawings or as may be directed by the Engineer. Before
commencing trench excavation, the route of the trench shall be pegged out accurately and the natural
ground levels shall be agreed with the Engineer. Strong sight rails shall then be fixed and maintained at
each change of gradient, and at as many intermediate points as may be necessary. On these rails shall be
marked the centerline and the level to which the excavation is to be carried out.
Prior to the commencement of any trench excavation necessary official permits should be obtained with the
adherence to the time schedule for the completion of works. Also permits should be obtained for the
occupation of any part of the road by excavation works.
The contractor shall fix day and night warning and lighting signals at the trench sides. He shall provide an
alternative for the pedestrians and traffic routes in the areas of excavations. All the above mentioned shall be
with the coordination of the traffic department and according to her instructions.
1.4.1.3 Bulk Excavated Trenches :
The Engineer shall have power to regulate, restrict or prohibit blasting if in his opinion it is necessary to do so
for the safety of persons or property or to safeguard the works. No blasting shall be carried out in any part of
the works without the permission in writing of the Engineer. Such permission shall not absolve the
Contractor from any of his obligations or liabilities under the Contract and he shall take all necessary
precautions including the use of blasting nets to avoid damage, loss or injury to persons and to public or
private property.
No explosive materials shall be used in excavation works.
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Excavation shall be in a safe way to avoid obstruction or harm to the traffic, so area of works shall be
shorten according to the Engineer's satisfaction.
Equipments used in excavation and supporting sides shall be at a sufficient distance (60 m. as usual) from
trench side or at a distance that occurs maximum safety.
Immediately or at maximum within 24 hours after testing pipes, trenches shall be backfilled; also roads shall
be reconstructed daily after work completion.
All necessary precautions shall be taken to avoid traffic obstruction in more than one side of the same road
at the same time without Engineer's permission.
1.4.1.4 Setting out of Axis and Levels
The contractor shall be responsible for setting out accurately the axis of lines of force mains and sewers and
fixing the levels for sight rails.
Setting out of pipes vertically and horizontally, also max. allowable deflection of joints shall be in accordance
with specifications.
The Contractor shall be solely responsible for setting out accurately the axis of lines of sewers and force
mains and fixing the levels for sight rails.
(i) Setting Out of Pipe Axis:
Before the ground is broken at the site of any manhole, the center thereof shall be marked by a
peg fixed in the ground and marks shall be fixed at suitable distance from the peg to enable the
position of the pipe to be recognized when laid after excavation. Sufficient number of signs along
the pipe axis shall be similarly fixed before ground is broken in any section.
Force mains, before commencing trenches excavation, the contractor shall setout the route of
the trench and the pipe axis and levels accordingly.
(ii) Posts for Sight Rails:
As soon as the work of excavation is sufficiently progressed, arrangements shall be made for
fixing the sight rails to each manhole and at intermediate points along the section. Such points
shall be as near as possible from each other and at equal distances, in no case exceeding 30
meters. Wherever a sight rail should be fixed, two opposite posts at nearly equal distances from
the center of the manhole or the axis of the pipeline shall be so arranged as to enable the sight
rails fixed thereon to cross the center of the peg or the determined point on the axis. The two
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posts must not be placed at a point of an excavation intended to be carried out, but at the
manholes, the posts shall be placed as distant as possible from each of the manhole branches.
(iii) Fixing of Sight Rails:
The sight rails shall be fixed against posts with the upper edge higher than the bed level of the
pipe at this point by a suitable number of meters which shall be the same for all sight rails along
the same section. The level of the upper edge of rail shall be marked on the post by a horizontal
line. A separate sight rail shall be fixed for each of pipes diverging from manholes at different
levels.
(iv) Bonding staves:
For the purpose of fixing and testing the levels of the pipes at any point, Staves shall be supplied
by the Contractor in adequate quantities and of all required lengths.
1.4.1.5 Supporting Excavation's bed :
Excavations' bed shall be well compacted , free of clay and silt , also it shall be stable enough to ensure that
the work rests on a solid and perfectly clean foundation.
The Contractor shall bear all the costs for the purpose of supporting the excavation's bed in such way that
ensures its stability.
1.4.1.6 Bedding for Pipes
As mentioned in the standards for each kind of pipe.
1.4.1.7 Adjusting excavation bed and slope
When excavating to a level deeper than required or different than ordered by the engineer or with different
slope , at his own expense , the contractor shall fill the whole trench width till the required level with clean
fine sand in compacted layers not exceed 15 cm thickness.
1.4.1.8 Trench Excavation Width
The Contractor shall excavate reasonable length of trenches in advance of pipe laying. No length of trench
excavation shall be started until the pipes to be laid in that length are available on site. All excavations shall
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be made as nearly as possible to the required dimensions so that the minimum filling will afterwards be
necessary.
Minimum widths of trenches excavation shall be as set out below:

Minimum or Nominal Width for
Trench Excavation
Force Mains Sewers
In Soft soil In Rock In Soft soil In Rock
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
Up to 150 mm 500 500 800 800
> 150 mm to 300 mm. 800 D+450 800 800
> 300 to 800 mm. D+600 D+450 D+600 D+500
>800 D+800 D+500 D+1000 D+800
Trench excavation for sewers shall not be less than the nominal width specified without the permission of the
Engineer.
Where pipes, cables or ducts are to be jointed within trenches, the trench excavation shall be winded and
deepened at the position of the joint sufficient to permit the proper construction of the joint.
The Contractor shall keep the sides of trench true by status, wallings, sheeting or otherwise if necessary. If
excavation is below ground water level, water shall be removed by pumping to Engineer's approval, to permit
concreting and laying of pipes to be carried out in the dry. All works required for dealing with water shall be
solely the Contractor's liability.
Excavation shall be carried down to the depth required for laying the pipe bedding. The bed of the
excavation shall, whenever required by the Engineer, be watered and rammed, before laying the concrete
foundation.
The above mentioned requirements are applicable in case of excavation for manholes and any other
sewerage and drainage works.
The Engineer may require the Contractor at any time during the period of the validity of the Contract to make
any opening or cuttings in any part of the work or to open out any part which may have been filled in, buried
or covered, and the Contractor shall abide by such requisition to such extent as the Engineer may direct and
shall reinstate the work and make it good again to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
The contractor shall bear all the costs. For the purpose of measuring certain work with trench excavation ,
nominal width of trench excavation as stated before thereof shall be taken as the minimum widths given in
the table above in this clause and any excavation outside these nominal widths for joints , bends or curves or
for the sides of trench excavation will not be measured.
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No length of trench excavation shall be started until the pipes to be laid in the length are available on site.
The contractor shall comply with the regulation of the engineer. The excavated material shall be temporarily
put at a sufficient distance from trench side to prevent falling of soil into the trench during pipe laying. The
contractor also shall comply with regulations relative to placing of danger signals, lights, temporary
crossings and other equipment for protection of persons from danger caused by trench excavation.
1.4.1.9 Supporting Excavations
The Contractor shall well and effectually support the sides and ends of all excavations to prevent any fall or
run from any portion of the ground outside the excavation and to prevent settlement or damage to structures
adjacent to the excavation. Any extra excavation necessary to provide space for such support or other
working space shall be held to be excess excavation. If, for any reason, any portion of the bottoms, sides or
ends of any excavations give way, the Contractor shall at his own expense take all necessary remedial
measures including the excavation and removal of all the ground thereby disturbed both within and without
the nominal limits of excavation and such extra excavations shall be held to be excess excavation.
Where the Contractor selects and is permitted by the Engineer to perform excavations with sloping faces
(other than sloping excavations shown on the drawings or required as permanent features of the works) and
without shoring, the excavation shall be held to be excess excavation.
1.4.1.10 Temporary Fences
Before trench excavation commences (for sewer) at the site, the area all around trenches shall be fenced
specially in the streets upon to traffic and for safety.
When necessary for safety, the contractor shall be required to satisfy the engineer.
The contractor shall be fully responsible to any accident to pedestrians or cars, and he shall carry out all the
costs of maintaining any damages.
1.4.1.11 Disposal of Excavated Material Within the Site
Subject to any specifications requirements of the Contract, the disposal of excavated material within the site
shall be at the Contractor's discretion but shall be so arranged as to suit the overall requirements for the
construction or the works.
The Contractor shall ensure that no excavated material which is suitable for and is required for re-use in the
works is disposed of outside the site.
Disposal of excavated material within the site shall be carried in any of the following ways:
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Backfilling of excavations and completed structures (except where such backfilling is specified as special
filling using suitable excavated material) and including placing in temporary spoil heaps and any double
handling required all as specified hereafter.
or
Transporting and placing approved excavated material in spoil heaps within the site including the shaping
and drainage of such heaps for re-use all as specified hereafter.
1.4.1.12 Disposal of Excavated Material off Site
Excavated material which is not required for or is unsuitable for re-use in the works shall be disposed off site
as directed either to locations to be found by the Contractor (Contractor's heap) or to locations designed by
the Engineer (General heap).
In both cases the approval for their places by the Employer has to be taken.
Material ordered to be disposed of to (Contractor's heap) shall become the property of the Contractor and he
shall be entirely responsible for its removal from the site and ultimate disposal.
Material ordered to be disposed of to (General heaps) shall remain the property of the Employer and shall be
transported off the site and deposited at these heaps. Material so deposited shall be shaped up or spread
and leveled as directed by the Engineer.
1.4.1.13 Excess Excavation to be Made Good
Excavation shall be carried out according to drawings. Any excavation outside the aforesaid limits whether it
is excavated to suit the Contractor's method of working or unavoidable over break or due to his carelessness
or error shall be held to be excess excavation.
The Contractor at his own expense shall remove from the site all material resulting from excess excavation
and shall make good the same with clean fine sand compacted in accordance with the B.S.
1.4.1.14 Dewatering
Complete design and dewatering procedure shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval before
execution.
The method of disposing of the water accumulated from sump or ditch excavation shall be studied by the
Contractor in coordination with the Employer. The Employer may accept the disposal of such water to the
existing sewage or storm water drainage system and in this case the Contractor will construct all work
required to protect the utilities during their use and pay all costs and tariffs defined by the Employer. The
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Contractor will construct, operate and maintain all temporary dams water courses and other works of all
kinds including pumping and well-point dewatering plant that may be necessary to exclude water from the
works while construction in progress. Temporary work and plant shall not be removed without the approval of
the Engineer.
Not with standing any approval by the Engineer of the Contractor’s arrangements for the exclusion of water,
the Contractor shall be responsible for the efficiency there of and for keeping the works safe at all times
particularly during any floods, and for repairing at his own expense any damage to the works that may be
attributable to floods. Any loss of production or additional costs of any kind that may result from floods shall
be at the Contractor’s own risk.
If the excavation's bed – after dewatering- isn’t suitable to bear loads of pipes or constructing manholes, the
bed of excavation shall, whenever required by the Engineer, be carried down to a depth deeper than the
invert level of pipes to reach the suitable soil bearing weights loaded on it after installation.
Backfilling shall be to the required level for laying the pipe bedding with compacted layers not exceeding 15
cm all over the width of the trench, contractor shall bear expenses.
Sand used to support the bed of excavation can be replaced partially or completely with such kind of other
granular materials or placing concrete.
1.4.1.15 Excavation for High Ways Crossings
The contractor shall excavate only one side of the road width, and after laying the pipes and backfilling, the
second half shall be excavated.
The contractor shall fix day and night warning signals at the trench sides. He shall provide an alternative for
the pedestrians and traffic routes in the areas of excavations. All the above mentioned shall be in
coordination of the traffic department and according to its instructions , official permits should be obtained
from the relevant authority with the adherence to the time schedule for the completion of works approved by
the authority. Also permits should be obtained for the occupation of any part of the road by excavation works.
1.4.2 Trench Backfilling
Excavated material used as backfilling to excavations or completed structures shall be free from clods and
lumps. Backfilling materials shall be fine, free of organic matter and shall be the following specifications :
Fine aggregate : natural proper sand
Small size gravel :natural or excavated materials with maximum size of 20 mm.
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Large size gravel : gravel or crushed stones with maximum size of 100 mm
The approved materials shall be placed in layers, not exceeding 300 mm in depth as pipe's cover before
compaction and shall be compacted in layers not exceeding 150 mm thickness for the layer to a dry density
not less than ninety percent of the maximum dry density as specified in ASTM - D 2049 or ASTM – D15576 .
During compacting, the backfill shall have a uniform moisture content equal to or a little above the optimum
moisture content in Compaction Tests mentioned before. Where necessary, the Contractor shall adjust the
moisture content of the backfill either by drying out or by adding water. After such drying out or adding of
water, the backfill shall be thoroughly mixed until the moisture content is uniform.
When using mechanical method for backfilling, inclined surface shall be formed for materials to be dropped
before commencing backfilling, no direct backfilling shall be before forming the inclined surface till the depth
is more than 600 mm from the ground level. In all cases, heavy or sharp pieces shall not be dropped directly
over backfilled materials, the contractor shall be responsible for making the necessary repairs in case of any
damages.
Should the material being placed as backfilling, while acceptable at the time of selection, becomes
unacceptable to the Engineer due to exposure to weather conditions or due to flooding or have become
puddled, soft or segregated during the progress of the works, the Contractor shall at his own expense
remove such damaged, softened or segregated material and replace it with fresh approved material.
The Contractor shall when placing the backfilling make due allowance for any settlement that may occur
before the end of the period of maintenance. Where necessary, the Contractor shall at the end of the period
of maintenance remove any excess material or make up any deficiency of backfilling to the specified levels.
Trench shall not be backfilled without prior approval of the Engineer and pipe testing. The Engineer should
have the opportunity of examining the laid pipe before any backfilling starts. Soft filling shall be used over the
top of the pipe bedding in layers suitably compacted to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Rocky bulk, debris
and wooden pieces should not be used in backfilling.
Immediately after pipe laying the Contractor shall backfill the trench excluding the joints and take every
precaution to avoid any movement in the pipeline during the test due to uplift force of the underground water
or due to flooding. Any damage happens to the pipeline after laying for any reason shall be repaired by the
Contractor on his own expenses to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
1.4.3 Construction of Right-of-way
- After completion of all works for construction of the pipeline, the trench shall be restored to its original
levels and state. The restoration of road surface, curb-stones and sidewalks shall comply with road
construction standards and the specifications for excavation and re-asphalting works.
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- The Contractor shall clear and grade the right-of-way in such manner and such width as is acceptable to
the Engineer. The Contractor shall perform all necessary clearing and grubbing for the performance of
the work covered by the Contract in accordance with these technical specifications. The area to be
cleared shall be the area on the drawing or that designed by the Engineer.
- The cleaning shall include clearing the designed areas of all trees, vegetation, rubbish, stumps, rocks and
all other materials.
- The Contractor shall promptly repair all defined routes damaged by him in the progress of work.
1.4.4 Manholes
1.4.4.1 Construction of Sanitary Sewer Manholes
Sanitary sewer manholes shall be constructed on gravity pipe lines in the positions indicated on the drawings
or wherever else ordered by the Engineer, generally, manholes shall be placed whenever changes of
direction of a pipeline occur, either horizontal or vertical.
Standard manholes shall be constructed as shown on typical drawings.
Concrete used in manhole construction shall be in compliance with the following table :
Concrete Gravel Sand Sulphate Resistant Water/cemen Crushing
Type m3 m3 Cement(Kg) t Ratio Strength
A 0.8 0.4 400 0.5 300
B 0.8 0.4 350 0.5 250
C 0.8 0.4 300 0.5 200
D 0.8 0.4 200 0.5 150
Note: All concrete used for manholes construction shall be sulphate resisting.
If necessary, as instructed by the Engineer, the contractor shall raise manholes using plain concrete or solid
cement blocks, and it's to be approved by the Engineer before construction.
Rising manholes' levels shall be generally in roads or other places due to any changes in levels, as covers
shall be fixed facing the main surface of road or the flat ground or as ordered by the Engineer.
If the ground on which the manholes constructed is from sandy stone, plain concrete shall be poured directly.
The cost of crushing stones that may exist in bed or sides of trench shall be borne by the contractor.
1.4.4.2 Excavation and Backfilling

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Excavation and backfilling shall be in accordance with Item No. 3.4.1 Trench Excavation and Item No. 3.4.2
Trench Backfilling.
1.4.4.3 Manhole Walls and Floors
Circular Manhole walls are constructed of plain concrete type (C) till they don't need reinforcement in
compliance with the structural design.
Floors shall be of plain concrete type (C) on a concrete base.
The base shall be raised to form the benching and invert of the Manhole.
The benching and channels shall be carefully formed to shape according to the number diameter and
positions of the incoming and outgoing pipes.
Benching shall be left completely smooth to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
The channels in the manhole bases shall have semicircular inverts and vertical sides extending to the levels
shown on the drawings.
All external surfaces of the manholes shall be coated with three layers of
bituminous loading , internal surfaces shall be coated with 2 cm cement mortar (which consists of 400 kg
sulphate resistant cement for 1 m3 sand).
Due to a written instruction from the Engineer, unstable soil shall be replaced under manholes not exceeding
1.00 m with depth not exceeding 1.00 m by another soil of clean sand that is compacted to maximum dry
density.
1.4.4.4 Manhole Steps
Cast iron steps shall be built into the walls of the chamber as the work proceeds and shall be spaced as
detailed on the drawings. The portion of the steps to built into the concrete shall be painted with bitumen
prior to fixation.
1.4.4.5 Manhole Covers and Frames
Manhole covers and frames shall be fixed as specified on the drawings. Manhole covers and frames shall
heavy duty type with a clear opening and weight as specified on the drawings.
All manhole covers shall have names specified by the engineer, in Arabic, clearly casted on them.
The covers and frames shall be coated with two layers of bitumen.
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1.4.4.6 Manhole Cement Plaster
1. Manholes types (1) & (2) & inspection chamber and deceleration chambers:
All internal surfaces of the manholes and deceleration chambers must be plastered with 20 mm
cement mortar (which consists of 400 kg sulphate resistant cement for 1 m 3 sand), then to be
coated with three layers of bitumen, and seika must be added to protect the reinforcement steel.
External surfaces shall be coated with bituminous loading.
2. Manholes types (3) & (4) must be coated internally with strips of T-Lock with thickness of 1.65
mm and externally with two layers of PF4.
1.4.4.7 Future pipe jointing
When ordered by the engineer, the contractor shall prepare locations of future pipe jointing to manholes, as it
will not be qualified for additional payment.
A closing end of brick shall be existed at the jointing end to bear all external and internal pressure, such as
brick used for temporary ends shall be of cement 150*120*60 mm, mortar used shall contain 400 kg
cement / 1 m3 sand, internal side of this end shall be painted as mentioned before and external surface shall
be painted with two layers of bituminous loading.
1.4.4.8 Jointing pipes to manholes
Inlet and outlet pipes shall be well jointed to the manhole walls constructed of plain concrete.
Tees shall be well jointed using a cement mortar with sand of ratio 1:2 jointing shall be squarely in line with
the face of the manhole, precautions shall be taken to avoid leakage, installing pipes shall be as such the
pipe is submerged inside the hole in the manhole's wall, end of pipe shall be inside the wall or at a distance
not exceed 1cm from the internal surface, that's in case of jointing pipeline to an existing manhole.
Jointing shall be coated with a cement mortar with a ratio of 450 Kg cement/1m 3 sand.
1.4.4.9 Drop Manholes
If an incoming sewer is higher than 1.00 m or more than the outgoing, a drop manhole shall be used. In this
case, the incoming sewer, shall be connected through a drop pipe to discharge just above the highest point
of the benching slopes on the manhole floor.
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All tees, bends, vertical and horizontal pipes required for a drop manhole shall be made in accordance with
the specifications of the pipes of the sewerage system. Their diameter shall be equal to that of the diameter
of the inlet sewer.
1.4.4.10 House Connections (General)
Drawing shows the general principles for making house connections arrangements.
The following procedure shall include, but not be limited to the following:
(i) Connection of a connecting pipe with dimensions as directed to the main sewer line in either of
the ways specified on drawings from the manhole main sewer and up to the boundary.
(ii) Complete installation of a house connecting pipe with a diameter of 150mm-200mm as directed
from the manhole main sewer and up to plot boundary.
(iii) Complete installation of inspection chamber at the end of the pipe as shown in drawings or as
instructed by the engineer.
(iv) Connection between inspection chambers.
(v) Installation of an end plug on the inspection chamber.
Before construction of house connections in any street starts, the Contractor shall submit a sketch showing
the elevations of building sewer outlets and the proposed connections to the street sewer to the Engineer for
approval.
All connections shall be made without special drop arrangements directly to the manhole shaft with a socket
or sleeve fixed to the shaft wall with concrete or glue so that a flexible and completely tight joint is obtained.
Another flexible joint shall be installed about 500 mm outside the shaft wall.
Materials for house connecting pipes with fittings shall be of the same type class as other gravity sewers and
shall be laid and jointed as described for other gravity sewers.
House connection pipe shall be laid in such gradients and depths as are suitable with regard to the
conditions on site, but in no case shall the slope be less than 0.5% for 200 mm pipes and 1% for 150 mm
pipes.
The normal cover for pipes shall be 1.00 m in traffic areas. In certain cases; when required for level reasons;
the cover may be reduced and in such cases the type of bedding required according to the drawings shall be
used.
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The Contractor shall keep accurate and detailed records and plans showing the positions, levels, depths
below ground and directions of all house connections required.
The Contractor's particular attention is drawn to the fact that no connections of existing buildings are possible
until the main sewers and sewage discharge facilities are completed.
The Contractor shall be deemed to have included all costs incurred by this in his rates and will not be entitled
to any extra payments for any such reasons.
1.4.4.11 Inspection Chamber
Inspection chamber as detailed on the drawings shall be provided for each house connection, unless
otherwise instructed by the Engineer. The dimensions of the inspection chamber shall be of 600 mm x 600
mm and 900 mm x 900 mm as shown on drawings.
Inspection chamber shall be of plain concrete with R.C. roof. The quality of concrete is the same as that
used in manholes. The inside and outside surface shall be painted as done in manholes. As mentioned
before , in case of constructing in routes free of traffic the cover shall be of R.C. type (B) square shape with
600 mm x 600 mm dimensions , and it shall be of cast iron used in heavy duties with 600 mm diameter and
280 kg weight in case of traffic routes. The frame and cover shall be according to the drawings and to the
Employer's approval.
1.4.4.12 Testing of House Connection
The house connections shall be subject to the required tests in accordance with the specification of tests.
The method of carrying out the test may be varied to suit the different conditions which will apply to the
various connections but shall be to the approval of the Engineer. Where possible, connections shall be
tested separately to minimize the length of time that trenches must be left open.
Timing of Work
The Contractor shall not start house connections installation only after complete construction and testing.
The Contractor has to include in details house connections in his work programme.
1.4.4.13 Records of House Connection Locations
The Contractor shall maintain an accurate log showing the location of the house connections to the sewers,
the diameter, length, grade of the connection pipe and its invert elevation at the property line. The log shall
also indicate the location, description, and elevation of each obstruction crossed by the building connection
and a description of the protection, if any, provided for the facility. The log shall be kept in a standard survey
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log book approved by the Engineer. Notes shall be recorded in a form satisfactory to the Engineer and shall
be available for his inspection on request. Upon completion of the Contract, the log book or a true copy
thereof shall be turned over to the Employer.
As the work proceeds, the Contractor shall transfer the required building connection information from the
logs to tables and/or sketches in forms approved by the Engineer. All tables and sketches shall be together
in a book to produce a permanent record. Three copies of such books of records shall be submitted to the
Employer.
1.4.5 Laying and Testing Sewer Pipes
This part comprises all works necessary for handling, installing, jointing and testing gravity sewers.
The contractor shall within two weeks after acceptance of his offer , submit the followings:
- Name and address of pipes' supplier and their fittings.
- Pipe sizes, thickness and connections details.
- Test certificates with any consignment to ensure their compliance with specifications.
- Methods used in excavation, supporting trenches sides , dewatering , disposal of excavated or

undesired materials and supporting or compacting foundations.
In case of any ambiguity or discrepancy in the items of specifications and drawings, the contractor has to
contact the employer for his interpretation which shall be considered final and the contractor has to comply
with the employer's interpretation.
Gravity sewers shall be of extra strength vitrified clay pipes or others in compliance with specifications.
Followings shall be written on the external surface of pipe:
- Kind and size of pipe.
- Date of manufacturing.
- Marketing sign of manufacturers.
Pipes shall be accurately inspected to ensure that they are free of cracks or other damages before installing,
all pipes which are in the opinion of the engineer damaged , shall be replaced at the contractor's expense.
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Parts of pipes which will come into contact with the jointing materials shall be perfectly clean, before
commencing the laying operation.
When pipe laying is not in progress, the open ends shall be closed to prevent sludge and debris from
entering the pipe.
1.4.5.1 Handling of Pipes and Fittings
Pipes and fittings shall, unless contrary instructions are received, be unloaded at the point of delivery, hauled
to, and distributed at the side of the project, by the Contractor. They shall at all times be handled with care to
avoid damage. Whether moved by hand, skid ways or hoists, material shall not be dropped or bumped
against pipes or accessories already on the ground or against any other object on the ground.
In distributing material at the site of the work, each piece shall be unloaded opposite or near to the place
where it is to be laid in the trench.
Pipes shall be handled in such manner as to avoid any damage. When such damaged pipes cannot be
repaired to the Engineer's satisfaction they shall be replaced at the Contractor's expense.
The interior of all pipes and fittings shall be kept free from dirt and foreign matter at all times.
In case two or more pipes of different types are placed in the same trench or for other reasons pipes of
different types are stored together at the site, the pipes shall be clearly marked and stored in separate piles
so as to avoid risk of confusion.
1.4.5.2 Lowering Pipes and Fittings into Trench
Proper implements, tools and facilities satisfactory to the Engineer shall be provided and used by the
Contractor for a safe and efficient execution of the work. All pipes shall be carefully lowered into the trench
by means of derrick, ropes, or other suitable equipment in such manner as to prevent damage to pipes and
fittings. Under no circumstances pipes shall be dropped or dumped into the trench.
The pipes shall be inspected for defects prior to lowering into the trench. Any defective, damaged or
unsound pipe shall be repaired or replaced, according to the instructions of the Engineer.
All foreign matter or dirt shall be removed from the interior or pipe before lowering into position in the trench.
Pipes shall be kept clean by means approved by the Engineer during and after laying.
All rejected material shall be marked with permanent colour and the Contractor shall promptly remove such
rejected material from the site of the work.
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1.4.5.3 Pipe Laying
All pipe laying and jointing shall be carried out by skilled pipe filters with several year's experience of such
work.
All laying, jointing and testing for defects and for leakage under pressure shall be performed in the presence
of the Engineer and shall be subject to his approval before acceptance.
Before any laying is commenced, the trench shall be inspected to ensure that the bottom is prepared
properly and to the correct level and slope, that the bottom width is correct according to the specifications
and that there is no risk of stone falling down from the trench sides or from the ground surface. All water in
the trench shall be drained off or pumped away, and setting of all fittings, ... etc. shall be checked.
All pipe materials shall be carefully inspected and all visible external and internal impurities shall be removed
prior to laying. Only perfectly sound material shall be used.
Pipes of vitrified clay shall be tested for soundness by striking with a wooden hammer and any pipe or joint
which does not ring true or which in any other way shows any sign of being defective shall be rejected.
Plastic pipes shall be carefully brushed out and examined for hair cracks and laminations, both externally
and internally and particularly at the ends, and any damaged or defective pipe shall be rejected.
All rejected material shall be clearly marked with paint and immediately removed from the site.
Before commencing the laying operation, the Contractor shall ensure that the parts of the pipe which will
come into contact with the jointing materials are perfectly clean.
Each pipe shall be laid accurately to line, level and gradient so that, except where otherwise provided, the
finished pipeline shall be in a straight line both horizontally and vertically.
Gravity sewers shall be laid in straight lines and uniform slope between manholes.
Normally; the line shall be laid starting from the lowest point. In the case of pipes with spigot and socket
joints, the pipes shall be placed with the sockets pointing upstream.
Connections to the sewer shall be made with fittings which give good flow conditions. The internal surface
shall always be smooth.
When pipe laying is not in progress, the open ends shall be closed to prevent sludge and debris from
entering the pipe.
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1.4.5.4 Jointing Pipes
All surface of the joint shall be thoroughly cleaned by brushing ... etc., immediately before jointing. The pipes
shall also be inspected to ensure that they are completely free from dirt and foreign matter internally.
When the use of joint mounting tools is necessary, care shall be taken so as to avoid damage to pipe
material or corrosion protection coatings.
All joints shall remain watertight and withstand the test pressure specified in the specifications.
Pipes shall not be deflected either vertically or horizontally in excess of what is recommended by the
manufacturer of the coupling.
In general, all jointing shall be done in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, unless
otherwise directed by the Engineer.
1.4.5.5 Jointing to existing lines
Jointing proposed pipelines to existing ones through manholes as are suitable with regard to the existing
conditions. Methods of disposing the water shall be by the way that ensures the stability of the adjacent
buildings.
1.4.5.6 Clean up of pipe line
The pipelines shall be kept clean by means approved by the engineer before the temporary handing-over.
All the lengths of the gravity sewers shall be inspected by passing through them a train consisting of an
approved badger and a circular rubber squeegee followed by a wooden ball. The wooden ball shall be not
smaller than 25 mm less in diameter inspection. The Contractor shall remove any obstruction found during
these operations
1.4.6 Field Test of Gravity Sewers and Manholes
1.4.6.1 General
All gravity sewers (including iron or steel pipes or specials in part of the line) shall be tested before being
backfilled. The lines shall be tested in lengths between manholes or such shorter lengths as the Engineer
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may approve and in all cases the tests shall be applied in the presence and to the satisfaction of the
Engineer.
Every pipeline subject to a test shall comply with the following conditions:
(i) The pipelines shall be perfectly clean and dry and joints uncovered.
(ii) The level of the ground water in the trench shall be maintained as low as possible and in every
case below point of the pipe and joint.
(iii) No concrete bedding shall have been cast, nor shall any formwork for such bedding have been
erected.
Air, smoke, or water can be used to test the pipeline. In general, air or smoke tests shall be used for testing
pipelines of diameter 700 mm or more. Other pipelines of diameters less than 700 mm shall be water tested.
All lengths of pipeline which are found to be defective shall immediately be put in a sound and satisfactory
condition by repairing or if necessary by relaying the whole of the defective length and again testing and so
on until the test is satisfactory, all at the cost of the Contractor.
The costs incurred in remedying or replacing and retesting the pipeline (including the removal of the
damaged and adjacent pipes or joints and the provision, laying and jointing of new pipes and joints where
necessary, and all incidental cost), shall be entirely at the Contractor's expense.
The Contractor shall include one test of all lines immediately after the pipes have been installed in his rates
for pipe laying.
The additional test of 10% of the total installed pipes, carried out at the provisional handing over the price
and expenses of these additional tests shall be included in the unit price of supply and installation of the
pipes..
In addition to the retests mentioned above, the Engineer may order certain lines to be retested by one of the
approved methods. Should the retest indicates that the line is no longer capable of withstanding the
prescribed test the Contractor shall forthwith search for and repair the damage and retest the pipeline until a
satisfactory test is obtained, and all costs incurred, including those of the retests, shall be borne by the
Contractor. If, however, the initial retest is satisfactory the costs thereof will be reimbursed to the Contractor
at the rates entered in the Bill of Quantities for testing.
All manholes must be constructed in a watertight condition and the Contractor shall make his own
arrangement for ensuring that all manholes are so executed. In general, manholes will be inspected visually
and not be tested. Should it become apparent in the light of experience, that the Contractor's methods are
proving in adequate and that a proportion of manhole is being executed in a non-watertight conditions the
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Engineer has the right to direct the Contractor to test the manholes in subsequent construction before
backfilling the surrounding excavation so that any necessary works of repair may be carried out prior to
backfilling. Any such tests shall be carried out at the Contractor's expense and in accordance with such
directions as the Engineer may issue.
The Contractor shall provide, fix and work the force pump, pressure gauge, air tap and all other apparatus
required to the approval of the Resident Engineer and he shall fill the pipe with water and subsequently
empty them after the test. Water drained from the pipes shall be discharged so as not to affect the stability of
the works or adjacent structures. All water shall be provided and disposed off at the Contractor's expense.
The pipelines shall be tested in lengths as directed by the Engineer.
The test shall be conducted in the presence of the Engineer according to his instructions and to his
satisfaction. A record of each test (passed or not) with all information required by the Engineer shall be made
by the Contractor.
The Contractor and the Engineer shall sign each record and a copy of the record shall be sent to the
Engineer immediately after the test is finished.
1.4.6.2 Air or Smoke Test
All ends, branches, lamp holes and other openings shall be closed with tight plugs.
One of the plugged openings shall be provided with a feeding pipe for air or smoke on which a pressure
meter shall be installed. At the low pressure used, an open water tube gauge normally gives the best results
and shall hence be used.
Air or smoke shall be blown or pumped into the length under test until a pressure equivalent to that specified
is indicated on a pressure gauge. The time consumed to receive a specified pressure reduction shall be
measured. A successful test shall fulfil the following requirements:
The pressure shall be raised to 0.11 kg/cm2 (equivalent to 1.1 m water head) at the highest point in the line.
When the pressure is fallen to 0.10 kg/cm2, the timing starts.
The time during which pressure drop is 0.05 kg/cm 2 (0.5 m water head) shall not be less than figures below:
- Internal diameter:
(mm) 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1200
- Time:
(min) 2 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 20
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Arrangements must be made to ensure that the air pressure in the pipes never is permitted to exceed 0.3
kg/cm2 (3 m water head). If a compressor capable of giving higher pressure is used, a reducing valve, set on
0.3 kg/cm2 shall be installed.
1.4.6.3 Water Test
Pipes with flexible joints
All end openings, connections ...etc., shall be adequately tightened and supported prior to filling with water,
and adequate precautions shall be taken to ensure that no stopper or strutting is carried into a downstream
pipe when the water is released.
The upstream end shall be provided with an upstanding tube fixed to the pipeline. The tube shall have a
clearly visible mark at the level equivalent to the specified test pressure. The tube shall be fixed at a height of
5.00 m above the pipe body. A funnel of a diameter equivalent to the diameter of the tested pipes shall be
fixed at the top of the tube. The upstream end shall also be provided with an air relief arrangement consisting
of an air relief pipe with a valve.
During the test, the level on the upstanding tube shall be kept continuously at the test level and the total
quantity of water being fed into the pipeline during the test period shall be measured. Requirements for a
successful test are as follows:
The drop in the level of the upstanding tube shall not exceed 1:10000 of the tested pipeline length during 15
minutes.
In the case a decrease in water level occurs , the branch shall be inspected to ensure the safety of the pipe
body and to explore the leakage in joints to be maintained or replacing the damaged pipes, then the pipeline
is to be retested.
The Engineer has the right to choose water or smoke test according to nature and circumstances of the
work. This shall be in written order.
1.4.6.4 Testing the Internal Diameter of Gravity Sewers:
All the lengths of the gravity sewers shall be inspected by passing through them a train of 500 mm length
consisting of an approved badger and a circular rubber squeegee followed by a wooden ball. The wooden
ball shall be not smaller than 50 mm less in diameter inspection. The Contractor shall remove any
obstruction found during these operations.
1.4.6.5 Final Drawings:
The contractor shall submit as field drawings with 5 copies subjected to the approval of the owner.
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As field drawings shall give sufficient details and show all dimensions & locations of all sewers routes and
their longitudinal sections with a suitable scale .
All these drawings shall be completely submitted to the owner before preliminary approval.
1.5 Force Mains
1-5-1 Ductile Cast Iron Pressure pipes and fittings
Ductile Cast Iron Pressure pipes shall be manufactured in accordance with the following specifications:
- DIN 28600
- DIN 30674 part "4"
- DIN 28610 part "1"
- EN 545
- ISO 2531
- DIN 28603
- ISO 4179
- DIN 1164 part "1"
Pipes shall be tested in accordance with the following specifications:
- Changes in dimensions& lengths & weights DIN 28600
- Tensile properties DIN 28600 & 50154
- Hydrostatic pressure DIN 28600&50104
- Stiffness ( on raw materials or product ) DIN 28600&50351
- Hydrostatic pressure DIN 28600&50154
- Visual inspection DIN 2531
- Flattening Test DIN 28600
- Tests in accordance with German Institute for Gas & Water ( DVGW )
a) Bursting strength
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b) Compressive strength
c) Long – Bending strength
- Tests on internal layers of cement mortar DIN 1164 & ISO 4179
- Tests on external layers of cement mortar ISO 8197
- Tests on pipes ISO 2531 & EN 545
Internal protection:
Internal protection shall be in accordance with the Ministry Decision NO.277/2000 and the modifications and
the additions mentioned in the Ministry Decision NO.14/2002 and any other Decisions added to this
Decision. The internal protection shall be as following:
The Internal Protection of the Internal Surface of pipes and fittings shall be one of the following methods:
1. Internal surface shall be painted with three layers of Epoxy to a minimum thickness of 425
microns after drying, no diluting material shall be used.
2. Internal surface shall be painted with three layers of Prolethene to a minimum thickness of 350
microns after drying, no diluting material shall be used.
3. Internal surface shall be plastic coated (polyvinyl chloride) in three layers to a minimum
thickness of 375 microns after drying, no diluting material shall be used.
4. Internal surface shall be mortar plastering using a waterproof mortar of high density and
resistivity using a sulphate- resisting cement, or high ammonia cement, in this case all
precautions shall be taken in manufacturing and treatment of this mortar and also using
minimum water/cement ratio.
Suitable technique shall also be used in manufacturing this mortar coating with the specified thickness as
following to ensure safety and efficiency:
Minimum thickness of mortar

Diameters
cement
Up to 300 mm 3mm
350 mm to 600 mm 5mm
700 mm to 1200 mm 6mm

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> 1200 mm 9mm
Also all precautions shall be taken for protecting the mortar from damaging during transporting, handling
,lowering, storing and installing.
External protection:
It shall be in accordance with the Ministry Decision mentioned above and it shall be for aggressive soil as
following:
One of the following methods shall be used for external protection of pipes and fittings after tests, and then it
shall be coated during installation by a Poly Ethylene sleeve cover to a minimum thickness of 200 microns
taking into consideration as mentioned before.
1- The external surface shall be painted using a zinc rich solution to a minimum thickness of 125 micron after
drying, then by two layers of bituminous coat (P.F.4) to a minimum thickness of 7.00 mm after drying, no
diluting material shall be used.
2- The external surface shall be painted with three layers of epoxy with a minimum thickness of 375 microns
3- The external surface shall be plastic coated (polyvinyl chloride) with a minimum thickness of 375 microns
Clean sand shall be obtained from an approval source under and surrounding pipes in accordance with the
soil approved report.
1.5.2 Prestressed Concrete Pressure pipes and fittings (steel cylinder type )
Pipes shall be manufactured in accordance with the following specifications :
- AWWA C 301-84
- AWWA NO. Mg
- EN 642 June 1993
Pipes shall be tested in accordance with the following :
- Raw Materials Tests :
A) Cement (physical& Mechanical Properties) ASTM C150
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B) Fine Aggregate ASTM C33
C) Large Aggregate ASTM C33
D) Combined Aggregate ASTM C75
E) Water AWWA C301-84
F) Admixtures ASTM C494
G) Steel for Cylinders and Fittings ASTM A570&A611
H) Steel Reinforcement A615&A185
I) Steel for joint Rings ASTM A615&A185
J) Gasket Rings for joints ASTM D4128&D297&D395
- Tests on concrete AWWA C301-84
- Tests on internal protection layer using mortar AWWA C301-84
Except when otherwise specified, all pipes, fittings and accessories shall be lined inside and coated outside.
The coating shall dry rapidly with good adherence, and shall not scale off.
The inside lining shall not contain any constituent soluble in water or any ingredient liable to impart any taste
or smell to the water after suitable washing out of the mains.
For pipelines carrying potable water, or alimentary fluids, the inside lining shall not contain any toxic
constituent.
The requirements concerning the coating of the various castings are based on similar requirements in ISO-
13 for grey iron pipes and fittings. Technical specifications concerning cement mortar internal linings for
pipes will be the subject of International Standard ISO-6600.
External Protection
In accordance with the Ministry Decision NO.277/2000 and the modifications and the additions mentioned in
the Ministry Decision NO.14/2002 ,one of the following methods shall be adopted to protect the external
surface of pipes, special parts, connections and fittings:
(i) The external surface shall be painted using two layers of bituminous coat (P.F.4) to a minimum
thickness of 450 microns after drying, no diluting material shall be used , .
(ii) The external surface shall be coated by fiber glass saturated by epoxy with a minimum thickness
of 450 microns after drying, no diluting material shall be used.
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In addition, the pipes, special pieces, connections and fittings shall be wrapped spirally using self adhesive
tapes from polyethylene or plastic (polyvinyl chloride) with a minimum thickness of 200 microns and a
minimum overlap of 1.00 m.
Trenches shall be backfilled using clean backfilling material from excavated material that shall be fine, dry
and clean material free from harmful matter, rocks residue and debris. In case of moderately corrosive,
corrosive and extreme corrosive soils and the presence of infiltration water, the trenches excavation residue
shall be replaced by imported backfilling material from outside the area and shall be fine, clean and free from
harmful matter.
All work related to the provision and testing of coating shall be deemed to be included in the rate for
pipelines.
1.5.3 Unplasticized P.V.C. (uPVC) Pipes
Pipes shall be manufactured in accordance with the following specifications:
- DIN 8061 part"1"
- DIN 8062
- DIN 19532
Pipes shall be tested in accordance with the following :
- Apparent Inspection DIN 8061
- Abrasion of pipes affected by Mithylene Chloride ASTM D 2152
- Impact DIN 8061 & 19532
- Pendulum Impact ASTM D 236
- Thermal expansion & contraction ASTM D 236
- Cohesion of raw material ASTM D 236
- Tension ASTM D 8826
- Water Absorption DIN 19532 & 8061
- Specific Resistivity for surfaces & volumes ASTM D 257
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- Bending resistance DIN 53452
1.5.4 High Density Polyethylene (H.D.P) pipes :
Pipes shall be manufactured in accordance with the following specifications:
- DIN 8074
- DIN 8075
- DIN 19533
The following tests shall be carried out in compliance with specifications
- Apparent Inspection DIN 8074
- Density DIN 53479
- Blowing coefficient DIN 53735
- Tensile Strength DIN 53455
- Rectangular ratio DIN 53455
- Bending Strength DIN 53452
- Ductile Ratio DIN 53457
- Stiffness Test DIN 53456
- Impact Resistance DIN 53453
- Expansion Coefficient ASTM D 696
1.5.5 Valves and fittings
1.5.5.1 Gate Valves
Valves shall be hand operated directly by hand wheels and/or T-handled keys according to their position and
they shall close in clockwise direction.
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Bodies, bonnet and covers shall be made of ductile cast iron. Gates shall be of the same materials and of
the solid type.
Seats and faces shall be of bronze and having board bearing surfaces. Spindles shall be of stainless steel
the inside screw and rising stem type. All valves shall be of short face-to-face type.
Stuffing boxes washers and bolts shall be of steel and the nuts shall be of bronze.
All assemblies of the valves shall stand a working water pressure PN 16.
1.5.5.2 Air Valves
The required valves shall provide any of functions, or combination of functions, described below as specified
in the Bills of Quantities.
The valve shall have an integral surge alleviation mechanism which shall operate automatically to limit
transient pressure rise or shock induced by closure due to high velocity air discharge or the subsequent
rejoining of separated water columns. The limitation of pressure rise must be achieved by deceleration of
approaching water prior to valve closure. Relief mechanisms that act subsequent to valve closure cannot
react in the low millisecond time span required and are therefore unacceptable.
The intake/discharge orifice area shall be equal to the nominal size of the valve i.e., a 150 mm valve
shall have a 150 mm intake/discharge orifice.
The valve construction shall be proportioned with regard to material strength characteristics, so that
deformation, leaking or damage of any kind does not occur by submission to twice the designed working
pressure.
The valve design shall incorporate an over pressure safety feature that will fail without and explosive effect,
such as is normally the case when highly compressed air is released suddenly. This feature shall consist of
easily replaceable components such as gaskets, seals or the like.
1.5.5.3 Surface Boxes
Surfaces boxes shall be made of cast iron for heavy-duty with a conical or cylindrical shape. They must
withstand loads and shocks due to heavy traffic with a likable cover fixed by a chain. The box shall be
supported by a precast concrete slab and provided by a uPVC adjustable protecting tube 150 mm diameter
and valve protective cover.
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1.5.6 Transport, Storing and Handling of Pipes and Materials
When storing pipes, successive layers or tiers shall be separated by timber blocks of adequate dimensions
with end wedges to prevent pipes from rolling.
Pipes shall not normally be stacked with more than four tiers high. In handling pipes, every care shall be
taken to avoid any damage. Pipes shall not be allowed to drop or strike objects which will injure them and
shall be lifted or lowered from one level to another by means of approved equipment only.
When lifting pipes, special lifting hooks with a curved plate to fit the curvature of the pipe shall be used.
Alternatively, webbing slings not less than 30 cm wide or other approved means shall be used.
In stringing pipes adjacent to trenches, it must be taken into consideration that the road will not be closed for
traffic.
Rubber gaskets must be stored away from sun rays and kept in cool dark places, also uPVC pipes shall be
protected from direct sun rays as mentioned before.
1.5.7 Force Main Laying
The drawings give some details of the laying pipes and backfill. All laying, jointing testing, for defects and for
leakage under pressure and disinfection shall be performed in the presence of the Engineer and shall be
subject to his approval before acceptance.
All pipe laying shall be carried out by skilled pipe layers with several years experience of such work
The trench bottom shall be prepared by excavation a minimum of 150 mm below the pipe and 100 mm below
sockets then bringing the trench bottom up to grade with sand, gravel, or granular soil free from all organic
and other unsuitable materials to be approved by the Engineer and thoroughly compacted to provide proper
cushioning for the pipe.
When laying pipes, a hole with minimum depth 50 mm and minimum width 300 mm, shall be dug out below
the bottom of the coupling in the course of installation, so that the full body of the pipe and not the coupling
rests continuously on the leveled trench bottom. The hole below the coupling shall then be backfilled and
compacted as above.
Before any laying is commenced, the trench shall be inspected to ensure that the bottom is prepared
properly and to the correct level and slope, that the bottom width is correct according to the specifications
and that there is no risk of stones falling down from the trench sides or from the ground surface. All water in
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the trench shall be drained off or pumped away. Setting out of all fittings, valves, service pipe connections,...
etc. shall be checked.
All pipe material shall be carefully inspected and all visible external and internal impurities shall be removed
prior to laying. Only perfectly sound material shall be used.
Pipes and fittings shall be tested for soundness by skirting with a hammer, and any pipe or joint which does
not ring true of which many other way shows any sign of being defective, shall be rejected.
All rejected material shall be clearly marked with permanent color and immediately removed from the site of
work.
Before commencing the laying operation, the Contractor shall ensure that the parts of the pipe which will
come into contact with the jointing materials are perfectly clean.
Each pipe shall be laid accurately to line, level and gradient so that, except where otherwise provided, the
finished pipeline shall be in a straight line horizontally.
Pipes or fittings firmly fixed in chambers or concrete shall be provided with 2 flexible joints maximum 500 mm
outside the fixed part to allow for possible angle deflections.
Pressure pipes shall be laid in straight lines and uniform slope between purpose-made bends. In large
curves, pressure pipes may be laid with radius by using the flexibility of the joints or of the material itself
(plastic pipes).
When pipe laying is not in progress, the open ends of pipe shall be closed by approved means to prevent
entrance of trench water and dirts into the line.
Minimum cover for pipes should be 1.0 m.
1.5.8 Force Mains Crossing Ditches
Where pipelines cross drainage ditches and the like over-ground they shall be of D.C.I. with flanges or steel
painted over the exterior exposed surface with two coats of bituminous paint installation, followed by two
coats of a suitable white paint. Supports design and drawings for such pipes either on existing bridges or
proposed structures shall be prepared by the Contractor on his own costs, submitted to the Engineer for
approval. Two shut-off valves shall be constructed at the two ends of the crossing according to the drawings.
In case of supporting pipes on existing bridges and the like the Contractor has to get the official permits from
the concerned Authorities prior to any commencement of work.
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Where pipelines cross drainage ditches and the like under ground the excavation shall be with hydraulic
locking method. In this method a pite (shaft) with a suitable size is excavated on the side of the crossing to
accommodate the tunneling equipment, the sleeve is pushed mechanically under ground.
The Contractor shall regularity remove the excavated materials outside the site to avoid any obstacle or
harm to the traffic according to Engineer satisfaction.
The pipes of the force main is installed and pass through the R.C. sleeve (of sulphate resistance cement) our
D.C.I. seats at distance not more than 2.00 m. The pipes of the force main at the crossing shall be of D.C.I.
with flanges in lengths 2.00 m.
Two shut-off valves shall be constructed at the two ends of the crossing inside two valve chamber according
to drawings.
The sleeve also shall be painted from outside by bituminous compound 0.5 mm thickness.
For sewers crossing, reinforced concrete protection shall be constructed as shown in Drawings..
1.5.9 Tests of Pipes
After pipes are laid and connected, trench shall be filled partially, then concrete thrust blocks shall be casted
and left for drying.
Pipe's ends shall be closed up by a purpose-design adapter. A temporary concrete thrust block shall be
constructed to support the pipe's end. Soil under this concrete block shall be solid ensuring an adequate
surface there as to prevent water percolation. Pipe shall then be filled with water so that contained air is
discharged. Water filling shall be carried out at least 24 hours before proceeding with the test. Pressure and
water leakage tests shall be conducted in the meantime unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.
If the Engineer decided, as per work conditions, that trenches should be directly filled after pipe laying,
pressure test should be so performed and before applying the final asphalt coat. Pressure test shall be
9Kg/cm2 (1.5 the rated working pressure of pipes).
Water to be used for the tests shall be obtained from an approved source. An approved pump to be
connected with pipes shall be used. Approval of the Engineer on the test method should be obtained. The
Contractor shall provide all the necessary equipment. Precision of the pressure gauge should be tested to
the satisfaction of the Engineer.
Period of test shall not be less than two hours unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.
Pressure drop shall not exceed 0.2 kg/cm2 within one hour from the test start.
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During the same period, all exposed pipes, installations, connections, valves and adaptors shall be
inspected. All connections with water leakage exceeding the limits mentioned in the standard
specification (AWWA C 600 -77) shall be rejected. The Contractor shall replace all broken or defected units
with new ones upon his own costs.
The test shall be re-conducted till the Engineer satisfies himself with the obtained results.
No layings shall be accepted unless leaked water amount is less than its corresponding figures of the
specifications.
If leaked water under test conditions exceeds than the permissible amounts, the Contractor should find the
defected part and repair its connections at his own costs till satisfactory results are obtained.
100 percent of pipe lengths shall be retested on completion of roads and immediately prior to commissioning
of pipes. Remedial actions if necessary shall be taken and pipes retested after the completion of backfill and
during provisional handing over to Employer.
1.5.10 Water Hammer
Though the static head from main sewage pump station to final discharge location is not considerably high,
the Contractor shall verify the requirement for surge protection for the rising main to final discharge location,
and submit detailed calculations and drawings for the system for approval by the Engineer. Any
modifications related to change in the final discharge location – based on relevant authorities instructions –
are deemed to be included and covered by the Contractor through the execution of works.
The contractor shall prepare a complete Hydraulic study including study of Water Hammer protection for
lines from such pump or treatment stations using a specified computerized program. The study shall
determine required and necessary assignments to protect lines or stations from Water Hammer and negative
pressure. The contractor shall take into account that maximum negative pressure shall not exceed 4 m.
Pipes' material and moment of inertia for pumps' units shall be considered for the hydraulic analysis.
Protection system shall include a protective tank in addition to other assignments installed on a steel
structure approved from the Engineer.
Protection system shall include air valves or non-return valve or other assignments necessary for Water
Hammer protection.
For the purpose of revision, the contractor shall submit with his offer the hydraulic designs that shows
volume of the water hammer protective tank, numbers, types, and components of all required assignments
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for protection with a copy of the computerized program used, offer shall be accompanied by a table that
determines all required equipments.
1.5.11 Concrete Works for Force Main
1.5.11.1 Valve Chambers
Valve chambers and similar structures on pipe-lines shall be built on the pipeline where shown on the
drawings and directed by the Engineer and shall be constructed in accordance with details shown on the
drawings.
Concrete Components:
i) Plain Concrete
- Gravel : 0.8 m
- Sand : 0.4 m
- Cement : 250 kg
ii) Reinforced Concrete
- Gravel : 0.8 m
- Sand : 0.4 m
- Sulphate resistant cement : 400 kg
This chambers must be with suitable dimensions to allow easy inside access for operation of valves.
Valve chamber covers are installed at ground level for easy inspection of valve chambers of the main water
pipes. Valves chamber covers should be of ductile iron for heavy duty. The mating surface of valve chamber
cover and their frames are exactly faced to ensure that the covers bear loads of traffic, carved with Arabic
names specified by the Engineer.
* Permissible working load 30 metric tons.
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* The weight of the D.C.I. cover and frame shall be according to drawings. The chamber shall be drained by
160 mm uPVC pipe to the nearest storm water manhole, natural drain according to the instructions of the
Engineer and coated from inside by 0.5 mm bituminous coating suitable for tropical countries and protected
from outside by a damp proof course.
The Contractor shall be responsible of the structural design of the valve chambers and has to be sure from
the safety of the that design in accordance with the soil investigations carried out on site. Album of drawings
shows the valve chambers.
1.5.11.2 Valve Chamber Steps
Cast iron steps shall be built into the walls of the chamber as the work proceeds and shall be spaced not
more than 300 mm apart as detailed on the drawings. The portion of the step to he built into the concrete
shall be painted with bitumen prior to fixation.
1.5.11.3 Anchor and Thrust Blocks
Concrete thrust and anchor blocks in accordance with typical details shown on the drawings shall be
constructed where directed by the Engineer for the anchorage of the pipeline.
The concrete for the anchor blocks shall be with the following ratios:
- Gravel : 0.8 m
- Sand : 0.4 m
The thrust faces of all blocks shall be cast directly against sound faces of excavations and the shape and
size of the blocks shall be approved by the Engineer having regard to the nature of the ground and the load
or thrust to be imposed upon it.
Anchor blocks shall be formed at bends, tees, tapers, dead ends, and valves. The size of the anchor blocks
shall be calculated with all acting forces taken into account, to prevent any possible creep or displacement
under any working conditions.
A bearing capacity of 1 kg/cm2 for normal soils shall be considered unless otherwise specified.
The concrete used for anchor blocks shall have at least two days curing before any pressure shall be applied
in any section of the pipeline.
Clamps of proper design and material shall be used to secure the pipes and/or fittings to the anchor blocks.
The Contractor is responsible for the design of all thrust blocks for each piece of pipe fittings in accordance
with soil investigations.
1.5.11.4 Deceleration Chamber

Shall be constructed as shown on Drawings with reinforced concrete.
Concrete Components:
i) Plain Concrete
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- Gravel : 0.8 m
- Sand : 0.4 m
- Sulphate resistant cement 250 : kg
ii) Reinforced Concrete

- Gravel : 0.8 m
- Sand : 0.4 m
The chamber benching shall be carefully formed by using plain concrete to shape according to Drawings.
The inlet force main pipeline shall be connected to the chamber wall by using paddle piece, 450 bend shall
be connected to the inlet pipe end and flexible joints shall be installed on the inlet and outlet pipes.
The chamber shall be furnished with two inspection holes covered by cast iron cover according to drawings.
Cast iron steps shall be installed to the wall of the chamber. The inside painting and the outside coating shall
be as indicated on the Drawings. The chamber shall be coated from inside by 0.5 mm bituminous coating
suitable for tropical countries. The outlet pipe shall be D.C.I. with length not less than 5 meter the manhole
shown on the Drawings.
Arabic letters shall be castered on the covers of the deceleration chamber specified by the Engineer as well
as all force main valve chambers.
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‫مشروع انشاء وانجاز مستشفى النساءوالوالدة واالطفال بالشارقة‬

‫وتوسعات قسم الطواريء في مستشفى القاسمي‬

1.4.4.7 Future pipe jointing 23

1.5.11.2 Valve Chamber Steps 53

SEC. 1 SANITARY SEWERS

American Society for Testing and Materials (A.S.T.M.) Standards:

1.3 Types of Pipes and Fittings for Gravity Sewers

1.3.1 Extra Strength Vitrified Clay (V.C) Pipes

1.3.2 Unplasticized P.V.C. (u.P.V.C) Pipes

- Tension ASTM D8826

1.3.3 Reinforced Concrete (R.C) Pipes

1-3-4 Glass-Fibber Reinforced Polyster (G.R.P.) Pipes

1-3-5 High Density Polyethylene (H.D.P) pipes :

HDP pipes shall comply the following specifications:

1.4 Earth Works

1.4.1 Excavation for trenches and manholes

1.4.1.2 Preparing the site of work :

1.4.1.3 Bulk Excavated Trenches :

No explosive materials shall be used in excavation works.

1.4.1.4 Setting out of Axis and Levels

(i) Setting Out of Pipe Axis:

(ii) Posts for Sight Rails:

(iii) Fixing of Sight Rails:

(iv) Bonding staves:

1.4.1.5 Supporting Excavation's bed :

1.4.1.6 Bedding for Pipes

As mentioned in the standards for each kind of pipe.

1.4.1.7 Adjusting excavation bed and slope

1.4.1.8 Trench Excavation Width

Minimum widths of trenches excavation shall be as set out below:

1.4.1.9 Supporting Excavations

1.4.1.10 Temporary Fences

1.4.1.11 Disposal of Excavated Material Within the Site

1.4.1.12 Disposal of Excavated Material off Site

1.4.1.13 Excess Excavation to be Made Good

1.4.1.15 Excavation for High Ways Crossings

1.4.2 Trench Backfilling

Fine aggregate : natural proper sand

1.4.3 Construction of Right-of-way

1.4.4.1 Construction of Sanitary Sewer Manholes

Standard manholes shall be constructed as shown on typical drawings.

1.4.4.2 Excavation and Backfilling

1.4.4.3 Manhole Walls and Floors

Floors shall be of plain concrete type (C) on a concrete base.

Benching shall be left completely smooth to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

1.4.4.4 Manhole Steps

1.4.4.5 Manhole Covers and Frames

1.4.4.6 Manhole Cement Plaster

1.4.4.7 Future pipe jointing

1.4.4.8 Jointing pipes to manholes

1.4.4.9 Drop Manholes

1.4.4.10 House Connections (General)

(iv) Connection between inspection chambers.

(v) Installation of an end plug on the inspection chamber.

1.4.4.11 Inspection Chamber

1.4.4.12 Testing of House Connection

1.4.4.13 Records of House Connection Locations

1.4.5 Laying and Testing Sewer Pipes

- Name and address of pipes' supplier and their fittings.

- Pipe sizes, thickness and connections details.

- Methods used in excavation, supporting trenches sides , dewatering , disposal of excavated or

Followings shall be written on the external surface of pipe:

- Kind and size of pipe.