30 Topics

PENGUIN EDU
Topics in English
30 topics in advanced level
Alex Kim Nyamdorj
5/11/2010
30 Topics with new words and questions

1. ABOUT MYSELF
My name is Bayar. My surname is Bold. I am 17 years old. I was born in 2002 in Ulaanbaatar
city. I am student of National University of Mongolia. I’m majoring as a business administration. I am a
hardworking person. To tell the truth, all subjects come easy for me but sometimes I have to sit much, for
example, to do lessons in Basic of Economics and for sub- lessons in history class I have to write a
composition or to learn a poem by heart. My favorite subject is English. I spend much time including,
reading books and doing tests. I think that learning English will be a part of my future career.
I have a wide circle of interests. I like reading. I think comics and detective stories are much
easier to read but I prefer to read novels-historical or up-to-date. I like music. My musical tastes are
different it depends on my mood. I play the piano and the guitar, not seriously, but for my soul. I like to
listen to the classical music. My favorite composers are Bach and Mozart. Also, I like Mongolian folk
songs and Kpop. I don’t like rock or hip hop. I do not much time to watch TV, but I sometime spend an
hour or two hours watching an interesting film or a music program. In the evening I often surf the net. I
go to swimming-pool twice a week.
I’m very sociable, so I get way with people. I have many friends; most of them are my course-
mates. We spend much time together, going out to the cinema or to the disco party, talking about lessons
and music, discussing our problems. But most of all I like my family. We all are great friends and deeply
attached to each other.
You see, it’s me - a person with his good and not good characters, liking this and hating that. But
it’s interesting for me to live, to open new things.
Answer the questions
1.What is your name?
2.What is your surname?
3.When and where were you born?
4.Who are you?
5.What is your address?
6.What is your cell phone number?
7.Where do you live?
8.Where do you study?
9.What are you majoring at?
10.What kind of person are you?
11.What is your favorite subject?
@alexkimesl 2010 Advanced topics

12.What do you like to do?
13.What are you interested in?
14.What do you like to do with your friends in your spare time?
15.What is your character?
16.What is your appearance?
17.Who do you look like?
18.Do you have a special feature?
19.Do you like your name if not why?

2. MY USUAL DAY
I am Uul. I am student of the 1st course. I get up at a quarter to seven. I jump out of bed,
switch on the CD player and do my morning exercises. Then I go to the bathroom, wash myself
and clean my teeth. This does not take me much time, not more than ten or fifteen minutes. Then
I dress and sit down to table to have my breakfast. I usually have a cup of tea or coffee, an egg,
bread and butter.After breakfast I go to the university. In the morning I usually go by bus. My
lessons begin at 8 o’clock. We have six lessons every day. At 1 o’clock the lessons are over.
After the classes I have lunch at the dining room of our university. Then I go to the library and
read books, do my homework. At about 5 pm I go home do my home chores.At seven o’clock I
have dinner. In the evening I surf the net or watch TV. Sometimes, I go for a walk with my
friends. We talk about different things and usually have a good time. At 11 o’clock I go to bed.
Answer the questions and work in pair
1. When do you get up?
2. Do you do morning exercises?
3. What do you have for breakfast?
4. How do you go to your university?
5. How many classes do you have every day?
6. Where do you have your lunch?
7. When do you get home after classes?
8. At what time do you have dinner?
9. What do you do in the evening?
10. When do you go to bed?

3. MY APARTMENT
I live in a 5-stored block of apartments in the Seoul Street of Sukhbaatar district. It’s one of the
busiest streets of the city because it is located almost in the center.My apartment is on the third floor. It’s
very comfortable and well planned. I have all modern conveniences, such as central heating, electricity,
cold and hot running water and a net connection. There are three rooms, a bathroom, a kitchen and a
balcony in it. The largest room in my apartment is the living room. My family uses it as a sitting room.
There are a sofa, a loveseat, a coffee table, a big LETV set and a home theater in it.We have two
bedrooms in our apartment and one of them is my. It is not big but very cozy. There is a closet near the
wall and a desk near the window. My bed is at the left corner. I like my room very much because it is
light and all furniture was chosen by me.Our kitchen is not very large but modern. It’s very well equipped.
We have got a big refrigerator, a microwave oven, a deep fryer,coffee maker and a toaster. In evenings we
like to have tea together and have rest in it.
Answer the questions:
1. Where do you live/ in a house, apartment or ger?

2. What is the location of it?
3. If you live in an apartment, what floor would be?
4. Is your living place comfortable?
5. How many rooms do you have?
6. What kind of furniture do you have in your sitting room?
7. What is in your room?
8. Why do you like your room?
9. Can you describe your kitchen?
10. Does the apartment or house belong to your family or do you rent it?
11. Is it in a resindential area?

4. MY DREAM HOUSE
One day I want to have an enormous house. My dream house is located in a few kilometers from
the big city, in a very picturesque place near the endless river. I dream about place like this as I prefer
clean fresh air and unpolluted water. I don’t find myself very happy in little and uncomfortable house, so
my dream house is very cozy, comfortable, well planned, with gigantic windows.My house will have five
bedrooms, a two car garage, walk-in closets, and a gigantic bonus room. The color of my house will be
tan, and as soon as you walk in, you will see the family room with a pink wall. On the wall there will be a
picture of my family. As you walk down the hall, you will see the kitchen and can smell fresh baked pie
on the stove. The kitchen will be my favorite part of the house. In the bedroom there will be the scent of
lavender in the air. My bed will be as soft as a stuffed teddy bear. As soon as you walk in, you will feel
relaxed and comfortable. There will be a leather chair next to the window so you can look out and see the
sunset over the river. As you look out the window, you will feel all your frustration melt away. By the
way, every bedroom will have bathroom and toilet, which are spacious and modern. There is no question
that the accent of the house is living room, it is the place where I can relax with my family, watch TV,
listen to music or just sit and lock at the window to swimming pool.In the garage, there will be a Benz an
a Land Rover. The Benz will be black as night, and will be only used for fun. The Land Rover, our
everyday car, will be silver, and my husband will drive it. The Benz will be my favorite because its sport
car and I will drive it. One day my dream will come true, and I will have everything I ever want or need.
For now it is just that, a dream. I am going to try to make my dream a reality. My dream will only come
true if I work very hard.
What is your dream house?
How would you like to decorate your future home?
How many rooms would you like to have?
Is it important for you to have a comfortable place to live?
What is the most important part of furniture in your opinion?
What you should do to make your dream to come true?
New words:
An enormous house- аварга том байшин
A very picturesque place- маш үзэсгэлэнтэй газар
Unpolluted water- тунгалаг ус
The scent of lavender- лаванд цэцгийн анхилуун үнэр
To see the sunset- нар жаргахыг харах
Frustration to melt away- уур бухимдал алга болох
Spacious and modern- саруул бөгөөд тохилог
The accent of house- байрны хамгийн гол хэсэг
To make dream a reality- мөрөөдлөө биелүүлэх

5. MY FAMILY
I think, every person dreams about the place where he can talk about his problems, chat with
close friends, where he can feel happy and quiet. For me it is my family and my home. It is the best place
in the world and my home. It is the best place in the world and my dearest people live here. The family
plays a very important role in everybody’s life. My family is not large we are 4. I have a father, a mother
and a brother. We all live together in a new apartment.My father is 45. He is a tall and well-built man
with short black hair and small eyes. He is quiet and hardworking. Really, he is a bread maker of the
family. Dad is handy with many things. His hobby is fixing everything at home.My mother is very lively.
She is life and soul of the family. She is a pleasant woman of forty with beautiful wavy hair and dark
brown eyes. She is a lofty idol for me. My parents have been married for 20 years they have much in
common, but in everyday life Dad is impractical and needs mother to look after him. Parents have
different views on music, books, and films. For example, my father likes historical films and my mother
likes “Korean soap operas”. My father is a wrestling fan and Mom doesn’t like sports. But they try to
have the same opinion about the education and upbringing of their children.My brother is only 6. He goes
to school. He is funny and curious. He constantly asks questions often silly ones. But this only a moment
– I can’t imagine my life without my little brother. We all feel happy when we are together. In the
evenings we often have little gatherings in the kitchen by the cup of tea, chatting, laughing and discussing
the events of the day. Those evenings are the best of all. In summer I visit my Grandparents and go to
countryside. I love them a lot. When I was a child they used to tell me fairy tales and stories of their
life.My parents are hardworking people. They combine work with housekeeping. Mom manages our
household very well.We all are in the habit of helping her to run the house. They say “Men make houses,
women make home”. My home is a cozy place. Our relatives and friends like to come to our place. My
parents are very hospitable so everybody feels at home in our place. Really “There is no place like home”.
New words:
To dream about the place where he can speak about his problems- асуудлаа чөлөөтэй ярьж болдог тийм
газартай байхыг мөрөөдөх
to play role- үлгэр дуурайлал
quiet and hardworking and punctual- дуу цөөтэй бас цаг барьдаг
a bread maker of the family- гэрийн хөдөлгөгч хүч
handy with many things- олон зүйлд гарын дүйтэй
life and sould of the family- гэрийн амин сүнс
a pleasent woman of forty- 40-аад насны нүдэнд дулаахан эмэгтэй
to combine work with housekeeping- ажил гэр хоёроо хослуулж чаддаг
1. What is family for you?

2. How many people in your family?
3. Are you part of a very close family?
4. How old is your father?
5. How does look like?

6. Are you an only child?
7. Where do your family live?
8. Do you like having guest?
9. Does your parents have the same opinion about the education?
6. MY FRIEND
I have a lot of friends. Most of them are my course mates. They say that I am a good mixer and
always have a way with people. But my best friend is Oogii. We are of the same age, we are both 17. She
is pleasant looking girt not very tall but slim. They say, she is the very image of her father, but, to my
mind, she takes a lot after her mom in looks-long black hair and dark brown dark brown eyes. When she
smiles, 2 pretty dimples appear on her cheeks. To my mind, she is really a beauty. But her inner beauty is
more important than physical one. Oogii is a life and soul of every company. She is tactful, generous,
kind-heated, careful and sensitive. She is always ready to help to other people. She is well-read and fond
of reading very much. Her second hobby is knitting and sewing. She is always elegant and always wears
what suits her. She is good at cooking too. Oogii likes different music which helps her to relax. In this
point we have much in common. But the best thing about her is that, she always manages to be cheerful
and full of life and energy. She is a sunny soul by nature, she never feels sour.
As I have told, she is a helpful person and every time she tries to do her best to help to one who has
problems.
Oogii is very attentive to her parents and takes a good care of her little sister. Of course, she has some
drawbacks- sometimes she is a bit stubborn. But I still like her cause she has a good sense of humor and
pleasant to be with.
We spend much time together- watch video or listen to the music, walk or go to the discussing all sorts of
things. If there is some misunderstanding between us we try to make peace soon. I respect my friend for
her intellect and modesty. Our friendship helps me feel strong and be confident of myself.
7. MY PET
Many people are fond of pets. They keep different animals and birds as pets. More often they are
dogs, cats, hamsters, guinea-pigs, parrots and fish. A pet can considerably reduce the amount of stress in
your life. Animals can be there for you in ways that people sometimes can’t. They can be good listeners,
have the funniest antics, and above all, give you unconditional love and loyalty.
As for me I like parrots. They are my favorite pets. They are clever and nice. I’ve got a parrot. His name
is Cutie. He’s blue. He has got a small head, a yellow beak, a short neck, two beautiful wings and a long
tail. He lives in a cage. He is an Amazon parrot. These parrots are absolutely lovely and socializing
parrots! They are known for their loyal and affectionate nature. Originated from South America, these
parrots have excellent talking abilities. But the best part is that these parrots can be easily trained. They
can be extremely loyal and affectionate to someone who gives them enough time and love. They can be
up to 40 cm in height. If taken proper care, they can live for up to 60 years!
I teach him to talk. He knows many words and can speak well. He can answer to his name. I take good
care of my pet. I give him food and water every day. He likes fruit and vegetables. He likes to fly, play
and talk. I love him very much.

8. MY HOBBY
Hobby is what a person liker to do in his spare time. Hobbies differ like tastes. If you have chosen
a hobby according to your character and taste you are lucky because your life becomes more interesting.
The most popular hobby is doing things. It includes a wide variety of activities from gardening to
traveling, from chess to volleyball. Both grown-ups and children are fond of playing different computer
games. This hobby is becoming more and more popular. Making things including drawing, painting,
handicrafting. Many people collect something – paintings, rare things and other art objects or coins,
stamps, compact discs, toys, books.
Some people look at a hobby as a waste of time. They might think a hobby has no purpose or it’s simply
something to do to pass the time. For hobbyists, a hobby is much more than just a pastime. A hobby has
many benefits and advantages for each individual. For some, a hobby is an emotional outlet, for others a
way of gaining knowledge. Hobbies keep our minds and our hands-active.
As for me, I like to listen to music. 3 months ago my parents bought me a compact disk player and I
decided to collect compact discs. I like different music, it should be good. I collect discs of my favorite
groups and singers. I carefully study the information printed on disc booklets. I try to find everything
about my favorite singers and bands.
I like to watch music programs on TV, because I want to keep up with the news in the world of music.
Also I have a cute pet, a parrot.
Of course, I like to spend my spare time with my friends too. We talk about all sorts of things (fashion,
and guys). We discuss films, books, TV programs. In fine weather we like to be in the open air. When the
weather is bad, my friends come to my place. We have a good time together.
9. My pastime and hobby
A “hobby” is a special interest or activity that you do in your time off. Some people have animals as
hobbies. They keep rabbits, or go fishing. They train dogs to do tricks, or keep pigeons to race and carry
messages. Some are crazy about plants. They try to grow cacti or rare tropical flowers in their kitchens
and sitting rooms.
Others are mad about their car or their motorbike. They spend their Saturdays and Sundays washing them,
painting them, or buying new bits and pieces to make them go faster or look better.
Children and teenagers are great collectors. They collect stamps, postcards, matchboxes, or pictures of a
favorite footballer or pop star. Many people make things as a hobby. Some teach them at home, but a lot
of people go to evening classes at their college. A “hobby” is usually something that a person does alone.
But my family likes to do things together.
In our free time when the weather is nice we love to get out of city into the wild. We do hiking, trekking
and sometimes just go to the river and while we swim in the river parents like to make barbeque and play
cards or dominoes.
But we do not only spend our free time having fun. We are very interested in culture too. Sometimes at
weekends we visit the museums, art galleries and concert halls.
10. Leisure time
When we have time for leisure, we usually need something that can amuse and entertain us.

People who work indoors and spend most of their time sitting and doing sedentary office work can add
physical activity to their lives by doing sports during their leisure time, such as playing a ball game, going
camping, hiking or fishing. On the other hand, people whose jobs involve a lot of physical activity may
prefer to spend their free time doing quiet, relaxing activities, such as reading books or magazines or
watching TV. Some people find that collecting stamps, postcards, badgers, model cars, planes or ships,
bottles, or antiques are relaxing hobbies.
Free time is organized in many schools and institutions. Schools may offer many extracurricular activities
including hobby groups, sports activities, and choirs. Other institutions such as sanatoriums and hospitals
also offer activities such as clubs and meetings for playing games or simply organized periods for
conversation.
Most people like socializing with friends for dinner or a drink after a hard day at work. For many young
people, having a regular night out a week is a normal part of their free time, whether it is joining friends
for a sport in a club, dining out in a restaurant, watching a movie, playing video games or dancing at a
disco.
Some people do leisure activities that also have a longer-term goal. In some cases, people do a leisure
activity that they hope to turn into a full-time activity (e.g., volunteer paramedics who hope to eventually
become professional paramedics). Many people also study part-time in evening university or college
courses, both for the love of learning, and to help their career prospects.
11. Education
Generally, at the start of very young age, children learn to develop and use their mental, moral and
physical powers, which they acquire through various types of education. Education is commonly referred
to as the process of learning and obtaining knowledge at school, in a form of formal education. However,
in my opinion the process of education does not only start when a child first attends school. Education
begins at home. One does not only acquire knowledge from a teacher; one can learn and receive
knowledge from a parent, family member and even an acquaintance.
In almost all societies, attending school and receiving an education is extremely vital and
necessary if one wants to achieve success. Without education, man, as it were, is shut up in a windowless
room. With education, he finds himself in a room with all its windows open to the outside world. In other
words, people who are not educated have less opportunity to do what they want to do. The first thing that
is striking about education is a knowledge gain. Education gives us the knowledge of the world around us.
It develops in us a perspective of looking at life. It helps us build opinions and have points of view on
everything in life.
Education plays a very important role in our lives. It ensures a brighter future for everyone. Not
many people succeed in life without a good educational foundation. It’s clearly that education is a
national policy which is always given top priority.
12. Education in Mongolia

The public educational system in our country incorporates pre-school, general school, specialized
secondary and higher education.
Children go to the pre-school or kindergartens when they are 3 and learn to sing, to count simple
numbers and so on. But pre-school education isn’t compulsory – children can get it at home. Secondary
education is necessary to all children. As in many post-socialist countries, Mongolia’s school system,
previously based on the ten-year school, and now has been shifting towards twelve years of education.
The school year of 2008-2009 marks the beginning of the 12-year system. The official school entrance
age has been lowered to six starting 2008. Compulsory education is nine years.
The academic school year in Mongolia traditionally begins on the 1st of September and is divided
into 4 terms. Schools in sum centers usually have boarding schools for pupils from the countryside. Many
of this some schools only go to the nine grade, pupils who want to complete the secondary school then
have to attend schools in the aimag centers.
In Ulaanbaatar or some other cities or aimag centers there are private schools, specializing in a
certain subject, high schools, lyceums and so on.
At the middle stage of a secondary school the children learn the basic laws of nature and society
at the lessons of history, algebra, literature, physics and many others. After 9th grade pupils have to sit for
examinations. Also they have a choice between entering 10th grade of a general secondary school and
enrolling in a vocational school.
People, who finish the general secondary school, receive a secondary education certificate, giving
them the right to enter any higher educational establishment. Entrance examinations are held in June. One
has to study in the institute for 4 years and take a Bachelor Degree. If they want they can continue
studying at Masters and then Doctoral courses. Higher educational institutions train students in one or
several specializations.
Vocabulary
Compulsory education- зайлшгүйболовсрол

Post-social countries- хуучинсоциалисторнууд
Has been shifting- шилжиж байна
The official school entrance age- сургуульдорохнас
Boarding schools- дотуурбайртайсургууль
Schools, specializing in a certain subject- гүнзгийрүүлсэнсургалттайсургууль
To enroll in vocational school- тусгаймэргэжлийнсургуульдэлсэх
To receive a secondary education certificate- бүрэндунд боловсролын гэрчилгээ авах
Entrance examinations- элсэлтийншалгалтууд
1. When do children go to kindergarten?
2. What do children learn in the kindergarten?
3. Is preschool compulsory?
4. How many years do you have to study at school?

5. When kids go to school?
6. When does school year start in Mongolia?
7. How many terms does school have?
8. What do children learn at the middle school?
9. What is the difference between private and government schools?
10. How many years do you have to study to get a Bachelor degree?
13. My school
First of all I’d like to tell you about my school which I’ve just left. My school is one of the
specialized schools in Ulaanbaatar. It is famous for its high-quality education and strict discipline. To my
mind, our school – lyceum is very well equipped. It has a gym, a canteen, a library, a computer class and
some labs (for example-chemistry lab or physical lab). First two years in our lyceum we had 7 or 8
lessons, but in the 10th and 11th grades we had fewer lessons. What about our homework we usually had a
lot to do and it took me several hours.
I sometimes had to sit up to write a composition, to prepare a report, to translate an article from
English to Mongolian or learn a poem by heart. After classes we usually had some out-of-class activities.
Our social and cultural life was well-organized. For example, we had a choir or literature club. At school
we had classes in Mongolian, literature, mathematics, English, history and so on. My favorite subjects
were English, history and Russian. On Russian and English we had a lot of fun situations and talks;
history, to my mind, these are very interesting subjects; and we need learning them to be able to read
books, listen to the news, speak with English or Russian speaking people and so on.
I must say that we you leave school you understand that the time to choose your future profession
has come. It’s not an easy task to make the right choice of a job. People choose their profession according
to their own interests and abilities. As for me I decided to be a teacher and a manager. I’ve decided to
enter Mongolian State University of Education to study history and tourism. I think, today tourism is
developing in our country and it can be a prestigious job soon.
New words:
Specialized school- гүнзгийрүүлсэнсургалттайсургууль
High-quality education- чанарсайтайсургалт
Strict discipline- хатуусахилгабат
Prepare a report- илтгэлбэлдэх
Out-of-class activities- хичээлээсгадуурхажил
A choir and literature club- найралдууболонутгазохиолындугуйлан
To make the right choice of a job- ажилмэргэжлээзөвсонгох
Interests and abilities- сонирхол, чадвар
A prestigious job- нэрхүндтэйажил

1. What school did you graduate?
2. Was your school a state school or private school?
3. Was it well equipped?
4. What subjects did you study?
5. How many lessons did you have every day?
6. What was your favorite subject?
7. Did you like studying at school?
8. Did you have your favorite teacher?
14. Choosing a career
The end of school is the beginning of an independent life, the beginning of a more serious
examination. In order to pass that serious exam we must choose the road in life which will help us best to
live and work.
What I would like to become? This question buzzles me greatly. In the world there are very and
very many different professions; you can work with people as a doctor, a lawyer, a receptionist, e teacher,
etc.; on the enterprise, bank, school, state institution. Every job has its elements of difficulties and interest.
I think that all the professions are very important in life. But to choose the right occupation for you is very
difficult, because we must take into consideration many factors.
As the years passed I have changed my mind several times about which science or field of
industry to specialize in. it was difficult to make up my mind and to choose one out of hundreds of jobs to
which I might be better suited. When we choose the profession we must consider our personal taste and
our kind of mind. At the same time we must satisfy the requirements of our society and people needs in
one profession or another.
So when you begin spending sleepless nights thinking about the job, when you think longingly of
the plans for the future it’s no doubt about it: you’re ready to choose most suitable career for you.
In the past, when I 10, I dreamt of becoming a musician. I wanted to study in Italy, in the cradle
of Art and Opera.
But now I can say that I made up my mind what to do in the future. I think I have an aptitude for
working with people plus I am very interested in history, traveling, meeting new people, planning,
organizing, coordinating and motivating others. So I think I can be a good historian and a manager. I
think that managers are more in demand now. The success of this profession depends on mainly my
education. So I’m trying even now to become a good specialist.
New words:
The beginning of an independent life- биедаахамьдралынэхлэл
To choose the right occupation for you-өөрттохирохмэргэжлийгсонгох
To take into consideration many factors- олонхүчинзүйлийгтооцонүзэх

To satisfy the requirements of society-нийгмийн хэрэгцээг хангах
In the cradle-өлгийнутаг
To have an aptitude for working with people- хүнтэйхарьцахчадвар
Coordinating and motivating others- удирданзохицуулахболонбусдадурамөгчажиллуулах
To be in demand- хэрэгцээ, шаардлагатайбайх
1. What are you majoring now? Was it your own decision?
2. Who helped you to make your decision?
3. Have you tried a part-time or summer job to find out what interests you most of all? What
professions are in demand now?
4. What are advantages and disadvantages of you future profession/job?
5. Which of your personal characteristics will help you to succeed in your career? Which qualities
of your character would you like to develop? Why?
6. Those who chose their career correctly are really happy, aren’t they?
7. Did you have “born teachers” at school?
8. Why teaching as a career is so important? Interview your teacher of English.
15. My University
When it’s time to graduate school, every person has an idea of where they want to study, what
they want to study, and what they want their college experience to be like. Although the ideas of future
college vary from person to person, the basics are still the same. Teachers who are skilled in their subject,
prestige of the college, and comfortable rooms are all a must. However after that it’s all up to the student
to determine exactly what they’re looking for my idea of an ideal university was a university with
knowledgeable teachers, nice rooms, and a strong reputation.
Tuition was a major factor in choosing the university. Last summer I passed successfully the
entrance exam and entered the State University of Education. Since my childhood I have been dreaming
to become a teacher so I am very happy that I am studying in the 1st course of this university.
My University Mongolian State University of Education is the largest institution of teacher training for all
educational and scientific sectors of Mongolia. Founded in 1951 as a State Pedagogical Institute , the
University began its activity with 4 departments, 8 lecturers and 212 students.
Currently the University consists of 12 schools and 5 Teacher Training Colleges. The university
mission is to provide reliable, accessible and good quality professional services in teacher education and
other fields, as well as in research of their further development with the aim to meet developmental needs
both of the citizens and the society.

The major program offered by the University is 4 year bachelor degree program in over 50
specializations such as teachers, researchers, interpreters, journalists and so on. Among our University
graduates there are Labor heroes, National teachers, National actors and other outstanding people. I am
very proud of my University and want to study successfully.
New words:
Prestige of the college- сургуулийннэрхүнд

Knowledgeable teachers- мэдлэгтэйбагшнар
Strong reputation- баталгаатайнэрхүнд
University mission- сургуулийнэрхэмзорилго
To provide reliable, accessible- найдвартай, хүртээмжтэйбайдлыгхангах
Further development- цаашдынхөгжил
Other outstanding people- бусад алдартан
1. What is important for you when you choose your college?
2. What is the ideal university in your opinion?
3. Does tuition play an important role in choosing the university?
4. Why did you choose this university?
5. Do you see the difference between private and government institutes?
6. Do you like your university?
7. What do you know about history of it?
8. Do you know what famous people graduated our university?
16. Learning foreign languages
The great German poet Goethe was said: “He who knows not foreign language does not know his
own one”. Learning foreign language is especially important nowadays. Some people learn foreign
languages because they need them in their work, others travel abroad, for the third studying language is a
hobby. English is the one of the world languages. It is the language of progressive science and technology,
trade and culture relations, commerce and business. It is a universal language of international aviation,
shipping and sports. It is also the major language of diplomacy. Hundreds and hundreds of books,
magazines and newspapers are printed in English, most of the world’s mail and telephone calls are in
English. Half of the world scientific literature is written in English. English is spoken by more than 350
million people. Geographically, it is the most widespread language on earth, second after Chinese. It is
the official language of the UK, the USA, of Australia and New Zealand; it is used as one of the official

languages in Canada, the South Africa. Millions of people study and use English as a foreign language. In
our country English is very popular. It is studied at schools, colleges and universities.
Learning English is not an easy thing. It is a long process and takes a lot of time and practice. But
to know English today is absolutely necessary for every educated person. I want to know English because
it’s interesting for me to know foreign countries, their cultures and traditions. I’m sure English will be of
great use in my future profession.
New words:
The language of progressive science and technology-дэвшилтэтшинжлэхухаан,
технологийнхэл
Trade and cultural relations- худалдаа, соёлынхарилцаа
Commerce and business- арилжааныболонбизнесийн
Scientific literature- шинжлэхухааныбүтээл
The most widespread language- хамгийнөргөнтархсанхэл
Takes a lot of time and patience- ихээхэнцаг, тэвчээршаарддаг
To be absolutely necessary- туйлынчухал
1. What do you think about learning languages?
2. Why do people learn foreign languages?
3. Is English important for you?
4. Do you want to learn English?
5. What do you do to learn English?
6. Share with your experiences of learning English.
17. The English Language
Knowledge of the foreign language is becoming more important nowadays.

There are many reasons why we study English. Now, in a period when we are reconstructing our
economy, when there are many joint ventures with foreign companies operating in our country, we need a
number of specialists who know foreign languages. If you know English, you can communicate
(personally ore in writing) with others who use this language.
If you wish to make a career in science, you must read scientific books and magazines in English.
Knowing English you can read the works of foreign writers in original.
A more general aim is to broaden our intellectual and cultural horizons through contacts with
people of other countries.
Knowledge of foreign languages helps people of different countries to develop mutual friendship
and understanding.

New words:
To reconstruct- эдийнзасгийнөөрчлөлтхийх
Joint ventures- гадаадтайхамтарсанкомпаниуд
General aim- хамгийн гол зорилго
To broaden intellectual and cultural horizons- оюуныболонсоёлынмэдлэгээөргөжүүлэх
To develop mutual understanding- харилцан ойлголцлыгбийболгох
1. What is your reason of studying English?
2. What can give you the knowledge of English?
3. What is the best way of learning language in your opinion?
18. How did I spend last summer?

In think summer is the best season because it is warm, the nature is beautiful and we have great
opportunities for rest. Summer is a time of holidays. We can go for a walk all day long, watch the clouds,
swim, sit down by a river or a lake on fresh green grass, and climb high hills, play different games, ride
bike or horse and so on.
I like to spend my summer holidays at my grandparents. There are many things to enjoy. Last
summer was fun. I swam in the river enjoyed the beauty of vast and did many other things. Sometimes I
made a campfire with my friends and we sang there. It was wonderful. We told stories to each other, and
did everything we wanted. I also got used to walk alone in the forest.
But the last summer wasn’t for me only sugar and honey. I have passed through the graduating
exams in school and entering exams in the university. So the bigger part of my summer vacations I spent
at the books. Of course, it was not always interesting, but I’m glad that I did it because now I’m a student
of one of the leading universities of UB, Mongolian State University of Education.
New words:
Great opportunities- гайхалтайболомжууд
To enjoy the beauty of vast land- өргөнуудамнутгийнхааүзэсгэлэнгбишрэх
Graduating exams in school-сургуулийнтөгсөлтийншалгалтууд
Entering exams- элсэлтийншалгалтууд
One of the leading universities- тэргүүлэгч их сургуулиудын нэг
1. Do you like summer?
2. Why do people like summer?
3. What do you do when you have a holiday/vacation?

4. How do you spend your holiday?
5. What did you do last summer?
19. My childhood memories
Childhood is really a wonderful time. As for me, it is always pleasure to retrospect, being
transferred to that marvelous time of life like childhood. In my opinion, everyone has its own vivid
recollection that he or she could call up and tell to one’s people.
One of those memories which I can remember is about my first date at school. It was a
magnificent sunny day on the 1st of September 2000. My mom woke me up at 7 o’clock with the words:
“Honey, it is going to be your first day at school!” I clearly remember that moment; however I can’t
describe the senses that were overfilling me. Something was tickling in my stomach. This was truly new
to me. My mom took me to school. It’s a pity that my father had a business trip that week.
After the first bell had rung, we were invited to our classes. Mom kissed me and promised to pick
me up in an hour then. I made my first steps towards that huge (as it seemed to me) school building. A
shiver was running down my spine that minute. When we were seated, a teacher kindly asked us to take
the exercise books out from our rucksacks. This was my mom who had prepared all the things for me, on
the first day at school on the 1st of September.
From my point of view, it is a child who livers in every person’s soul. Merely the toys we played
in our childhood changed to other, big ones and more serious. Eventually, everyone has its own live
treasured possessions. My ones are my childhood memories.
New words:
Something was tickling in my stomach- сэтгэлдогдлох
The first bell had rung- анхныхонхцохиход
Treasured possessions- үнэтөмч
1. What is childhood for you?
2. Did you have a childhood?
3. What is the most exciting moment of your childhood?
4. What was your favorite childhood toy?
5. Do you remember the first day of your school?
6. Would you like to go back to your childhood if it was possible?
7. Do you have some items or toys kept from your childhood?

20. My first unforgettable evening
It happened many years ago, when I was a little girl. I can neither remember the beginning nor the
end, but whenever I think of the scene, tears flow freely down my checks.
When I was small, we use to live the summer time in a small wooden house out of the city. One
evening we were visiting some relatives and weather was very bad. It rained so hard that the roads were
flooded with water. On our way home that evening, my Dad carried me on his back. My Mom held an
umbrella for Dad and me. Dad gave his overcoat to my mom. As you can imagine, many country roads
are difficult to walk on. This road was especially bad after the rain. However, we trudged together
through the mud and the rain for more than an hour.
Though I was on my Dad’s back, I wasn’t comfortable either. I was fat at time and it may have
been hard for Dad to hold me for such a long time. He almost fell down two or three times. In hopes of
decreasing my father’s burden, I tried to “carry” myself, through force of will alone. That may sound
funny, but I was just a kid. Of course, I achieved nothing. When we arrived home, the inside of our house
was covered with rain water. The rain had come through our leaky roof and puddles were everywhere.
Mom put bowls and tubs all around the house to try to catch the rain. Then she put me to bed, carefully
placing on the remaining dry spots. I fell asleep soon. When I opened my eyes, I found Dad and Mom
sleeping in chairs, both having caught bad colds.
This is my very earliest memory, and luckily, it represents nothing but my parents’ love. I
realized the depth of my parents’ great love for the first time.
Though the evening has long since passed, and now we live a happy life, I won’t forget the rain
we lived through together. The rain that evening, and especially my parents’ love will stay in my mind
forever.
New words:
Tears flow freely down my cheeks- нулимсхацардаганурсдаг
To carry on back- нуруундааүүрэх
To trudge together through the mud- шаваршавхайдундуурарайхийжявах
The decrease burden- ачаагхөнгөлөх
Leaky roof- цоорхойдээвэр
Will stay in my mind forever- зүрхсэтгэлдминьүүрдүлдэнэ
1. What is the most memorable day of your life?
2. What was special about that day?
3. Do you remember how your parents were taking car of you when you were a child?
4. How did they raise you up?
5. How do they show their love?
6. How do you show your live and respect to your parents?

21. Sport in my life
Sport is the important part of our life. Sport helps us to stay healthy. Good health is better
than the best medicine. “You have a sound mind in a sound body” as the old Latin saying goes.
The English proverb “Sickness in the body brings sickness to the mind” expresses a similar idea
but from different point of view. All kinds of physical exercises are very useful to make our
bodies strong and keep ourselves fit and healthy.
In the morning I do some exercises to awake. Then do some aerobics to put myself into
the fine moods. In summer I go swimming as there is a beautiful river with pure water where my
Grandparents live. In winter, it’s rather long at our place, I should say, I prefer skiing (There is
nothing like the sight of winter forest – a real fairy-tale) and tobogganing in winter. I can’t call
myself a sports fan. But like to watch sports competitions on TV. Fortunately, they show
different ones – figure skate, badminton. I like tennis tournaments very much. Also I admire
skiing championships, biathlon, and swimming. But what I like most is basketball. The best
games are viewed on TV. I came to know that modern basketball appeared in 1891 in the USA.
The originator, John Naismith was a coach at the college. He invented the baskets and the rules
of the game. Since then basketball has become very popular and spread all over the world. It is
the sport of strong tall men, the sport of giants.
Doing sports a man becomes strong and healthy. “Good health is better than wealth”, you know.
It’s true, I should say. In our university we have a nice fitness club. Sports and games are very
popular among students.
Every year our university organizes the competitions in the beginning of the Academic
School Year and before the Teacher’s Day of Mongolia. I love to go to them and cheer our teams.
New words:
A sound in mind in a sound body-эрүүлбиедсаруулухааноршино
Different point of view- өөрүзэлбодол
An essential part of daily life- өдөртутмынамьдралынчухалхэсэг
The sight of a winter forest- өвлийнцасныөнгө
Sports competitions- спортынтэмцээнуралдаанууд
The originator was a coach at the college- санаачлагч нь
сургуулийндасгалжуулагчбагшбайжээ
To invent the baskets and the rules of the game- сагснысамбарболонтоглоомындүрмийг
боловсруулах
To spread all over the world- дэлхийдахиндтүгэх
Good health is better than wealth- жаргалын дээд нь эрүүлбайх
Academic school year- хичээлийншинэ жил
To cheer our teams- өөрийнбагуудыгдэмжих
1. What is sport for you?

2. Do you agree that good health is better than wealth?
3. Do you much sport?
4. Do you take sport seriously?
22. Sport
Sport holds an important place in our life. When we listen to the radio in the morning, we
can always hear sport news. When we open a newspaper, we can always find information about
some game or an article about our favorite kind of sports.
Television programs about sport are also very popular, and we can watch something
interesting every day.
Sport helps people to keep in good health. Sport also makes us more organized in our daily
activities.
National games and sports competitions are popular in our country. People go in for
many kinds of spots. There are sports ground near every school, every institute, every factory
and plant. Besides there are sport clubs and sport schools in every province. Many people go
there for training.
As for me I go for badminton. I like this kind of sport. My friend likes badminton too.
We often play it together.
New words:
To keep in good health- эрүүлчийрэгбайх
To make organized- зохионбайгуулалттайболгох
Sports grounds- спортталбай
1. Does sport hold an important place in your life?

2. What can we always hear, when we listen to the radio?
3. What can we always find, when we open a newspaper?
4. Are television programs about sports also very popular?
5. Does sport help people to keep in good health?
6. Does sport also make us more organized in our daily activities?
7. What do you do stay healthy?
8. What sport do you like to play?
9. Do you exercise every day?
10. How often do you go to the sport club?
11. Are you a sport fan?
12. Which team do you support?

23. Sport in our life
Millions of people all over the world are fond of sports and games. Sport helps people to
stay in good shape, helps to support health and prevents from illness. Sport makes them more
organized and better disciplined in their daily activities.
We’ve always paid great attention to sport in our school, colleges and universities. You
can hardly find a school without a gym or a sports ground. Every city and province center has a
few sport clubs where local competitions are usually held.
Physical training is an essential part of young people’s development. All pupils and
students have a regular training at PT lessons. These classes are enjoyed by everybody as they
give a lot of energy, develop muscles, and make pupils strong, quick and healthy. From time to
time different kinds of competitions are organized at school or between schools. The most
popular sports at school are basketball, football and volleyball. Besides, pupils and students
attend a lot of sports clubs and sports sections after classes, where they take up their favorite kind
of sport.
Sport brings people together. In the 2008 Summer Olympic Games we saw our nation
join in celebration. The three forts Gold medal victories brought together fans across our country.
Sport is extremely influential in all of our lives. It allows us to stay fit and active, meet
new people and discover new things. It brings people together, gives people something to talk
about, and even gives some people to brag about.
Indeed, sport is a part of everyday life of many generations all over the world. So if you
think that physical fitness and health are important go for sports!
New words:
To be fond of sports-спортоддуртайбайх
To stay in good shape-зөвсайхангалбираахадгалах
To support health-эрүүлчийрэгбайх
To prevent from illness-өвчнөөсурьдчилансэргийлэх
To make organized and disciplined-зохионбайгуулалт, сахилгабатсайтайболгох
Local competitions- орон нутгийнтэмцээнуралдаан
Physical training- биеийнтамирынхичээл
To develop muscles- булчингаахөгжүүлэх
To join in celebration- баярхөөртумбах
To be extremely influential- онцгойнөлөөтэй
To brag about- хөөрөнбардамнах
1. Do you do much sport?

2. Do you take sport seriously or do you do it just for fun?
3. Are you very competitive?

4. Have you taken up a new sport recently?
5. Have you ever had to give up a sport for any reason?
24. National sport in Mongolia
Mongolian wrestling is the most popular national sport and vital cultural piece for all Mongolians
around the world. When a male child is born in a family, Mongolians wish him to become a wrestler.
Wrestling is the most important of the Mongolian culture’s historic “Three Manly Skills” that also include
horse racing and archery. Great KhaanChingis considered wrestling to be an important way to keep his
army in good physical shape and combat ready.
Wrestling: hundreds of wrestlers from different cities and provinces of the country to take part in
the national Day Wrestling Competition. The Competition is held over many different rounds, and its
length and the number of rounds depend on the number of participants, of which there are usually 512 or
1024. The Competition also attracts fans from many different quarters, including the most remote areas.
While the losers drop out of the Competition, the winners can gain different titles, depending on the
number of victories they win. For example, the winner of the fifth round receives the honorary titles of
Nachin /Falcon/, the winner of the sixth round-Khartsaga /Hawk/ the winner of the seventh-Zaan
/Elephant/, the winner of the eighth round-Garid /Garuda/ and the winners of the ninth and tenth rounds
receive the title of Arslan /Lion/. The wrestler who becomes the absolute champion twice is awarded the
title of Avarga /Titan/. Every subsequent victory at the National Naadam adds an epithet to his Avarga
title, such as ‘Invincible Titan’ or Invincible Titan to be remembered by all’, and so on. There are a
variety of tricks in Mongolian wrestling, which require not only strength but also perfect technique. The
traditional style of wrestling has its own long standing ritual and dress.
Each wrestler wears ornamental knee boots with upturned toes, tight short trunks and an open-
fronted, long sleeved vest of silk. With his arms imitating the flight of a bird, the wrestler performs the
eagle’s dance which symbolizes power and invincibility.
Horse racing: The second element of the three manly games is horse racing. Originally, adult took
part in this competition, and most popular contests were in riding previously unbroken horses. Later, in
long distance races, the adults were replaced by children aged from 6-10 years old, who quickly master
the art of riding. The racing can be held on saddled or unsaddled horses. Depending on the age of horses,
distances vary from 15 to 30 kilometers. All participants start the race together. Before going to the
starting line, the riders-both boys and girls from circles, sing the ancient melody of Giingoo, to cheer on
the riders and horses. The five horses which come in first are led to the winners stand and are arranged in
order of their places. A tradition libation is performed by pouring airag/mare’s milk/ over the heads and
croups of the horses, and the riders are presented with prizes. The winning horses are called the “airag’s
five”.
Archery: the third element of the national games is archery, which has been perfected over the
centuries. Sharpshooters are capable of hitting the head of marmot from a distance of 100 meters. The
archers also shoot at small, round leather targets placed at a distance of 60 to 100 meters from them. The
archers wear a special glove on the thumb and index finger on the right hand and wrap the left arm up to
the elbow on soft belts. The arrows have blunt bone heads. The referees, lined up next to the targets, mark
each hit. When the target is hit they raise their hands and move around the spot singing a short song of
praise. The best archer receives the title of Mergen /Marksman/.

New words:
A vital cultural piece-соёлынмашчухалхэсэг

Length and the number of rounds-давааболонүргэлжлэххугацаа
To gain different titles- цолнэмэх
Subsequent victory- наадмынтүрүү дахин авах үед
To add an epithet- чимэгнэмэгдэх
A variety of tricks- янзбүрийнмэх
Knee boots with upturned toes- урттүрийтэйээтэнгутал
Tight short trunks-шуудаг
An open-fronted, long sleeved vest of silk-задгайэнгэртэйзодог
To imitate the flight of a bird-шувууныдэвэлтыгдуурайх
Power and invincibility-хүччадал, мятаршгүйбайдал
Unbroken horses-эмнэгморь
Unsaddled horses-зайданморь
To cheer on the riders and horses-морь, мориныхүүхдүүдийгдэмжих
A traditional libation-уламжлалтөргөл
The heads and croups of the horses-моринытолгой, хондлой
The thumb and index finger-эрхийбадолооворхуруу
To have blunt bone heads-мохооясанбулцуутай
The target-бай
Song of praise-магтаал
1. What is the national sport of Mongolia?

2. How many wrestlers usually take part in Naadam festival?
3. How many rounds does the wrestling have?
4. Does the Mongolian wrestling have a weight and time limit?
5. What are the titles of wrestlers?
6. What is the outfit for wrestlers?
7. What kind of dance do the wrestlers perform?
8. Do Mongolians honor the wrestlers?
9. Do you watch wrestling?
10. What is the distance for horse racing?
11. Who are the riders of the horse racing?
12. How do you call the winning horses?
13. What is the prize for winning horses?
14. What is the archery?
15. What is the distance for shooting?
16. What happens when the target is hit?
17. What is the best archer’s title?

25. Sport in Mongolia
Sport is the one of the traditions of the Mongolian people. History of the traditional sports such as
national festival “Naadam”, and chess began hundreds years ago. Wrestling, horse racing and archery,
that are part of the nomadic life, have unique rules. Mongolian people have a custom to respect and love
strong wrestlers, high speed horses and sharp shooters.
Since 1921, some other types of internationally recognized sports have began to be known and
practiced in Mongolia, particularly among soldiers first and then among other youth groups. In 1940s
voluntary associations of sports were set up. Beginning with 1930s, the Mongolian governments have
been attaching importance of sports and taken several steps to institutionalize sport activities. Within this
framework, special organizations have been set up to administer the development of sports in the country,
with physical training programs being included in public education curricula and sport activities for the
public being organized. In the following years, associations of amateur sportsmen worked actively and
proficient coaches, instructors became well known public figures. Consequently, Mongolian sportsmen
were invited to participate in international competitions.
The Mongolian National Olympic Committee was established in 1956 and 1962 Mongolia
became member of the International Olympic Committee. Since 1964 Mongolian sportsmen have been
participating in International Olympic Games. In 1960s physical training schools and their independent
regulatory organs were staged throughout the country and public have began to understand the importance
of sport.
Now physical training is an indivisible part of official training at every level of education.
New words:
Have a custom- занзаншилтай
Voluntary associations- сайндурынхолбоотнууд
Education curricula- сургалтын хөтөлбөр
Amateur sportsmen- сонирхогчтамирчид
Independent regulatory organs- биедаасанзохицуулагчбайгууллагууд
An indivisible part of official training- албан сургалтын салшгүйхэсэг
1. When did sport start to develop in Mongolia?

2. When did the special organizations start to set up?
3. When was the Mongolian National Olympic Committee established?
4. When Mongolia became a member of the International Olympic Committee?
5. Do school children study physical training?
6. Is sport important for Mongolian people?
7. What are the achievements of Mongolian sportsmen?
8. Are you proud of Mongolian sportsmen?
26. Sport and healthy living guide

They say, “Health is above wealth”. One of the first duties we owe to ourselves is to keep our
bodies in perfect health. If your body suffers from any disorder, our mind suffers with it, and we are
unable to make much progress in knowledge, and we are unit to perform those duties of social life.
There are a certain amount of exercise is necessary to keep the body in perfect condition. All the
powers (mental and bodily) we possess are strengthened by use and weakened by disuse. Moderation in
eating and drinking, reasonable hours of labor and study, enough sleeping time (not less than 7-8 hours a
day), regularity in exercise, recreation and rest, cleanliness laid the foundations for health and long
healthy happy life. Thousands of people consider sports to be very helpful in gaining good health. That’s
why every country pays much attention to developing sports. Sport helps to bring up physically strong,
strong-willed, courageous and energetic people.
In the last ten years recreational sport has become extremely popular, and, according to doctors is
absolutely essential for a long and healthy life. The reasons of this enormous interest in sport of all kinds
are varied. When you ask people why they spend so much time, effort, and sometimes money, they will
talk about the physical benefits (feeling fit, increasing stamina, sleeping better, the chance of living more
active life), psychological benefits (self-discipline and respect, a sense of personal achievement,
relaxation, getting rid of aggression), and the social advantages (meeting people with similar interests, the
team spirit).
New words:
To keep the body in perfect condition – биеэ эрүүл чийрэг байлгах
Regularity in exercise – тогтмол дасгал хийх
Strong-willed courageous and energetic – хүчтэй зоримог, эрч хүчтэй
To increase stamina – тэсвэр тэвчээртэй болгох
To devote their spare time – чөлөөт цагаа зориулах
Participants and spectators – оролцогчид ба үзэгчид
To arrange your day correctly – өдрөө зөв зохицуулах
1. How does your health depend on your lifestyle?

2. Is sport a hobby or part of your everyday life?
3. Why is it important to exercise every day?
4. What do you do keep fit?
5. Would you like to be a professional sportsman? Talk about its advantages and disadvantages.
6. What famous sportsmen do you know?
7. What questions would you ask him/her if you were a correspondent?
8. What sports are popular in your family?
9. Do your parents do sports regularly? Do you do it together? Is sport popular in Britain/America?
10. Which sports are especially popular in these countries?
27. Smoking

Smoking is a big social issue in many countries. Medical research has found that smoking is a
major contributing factor towards many human health problems, especially lung cancer, heart attack, and
other disorders. Research also showed that smoking is an important cause of premature death worldwide.
Passive smoking (also known an environmental tobacco smoke, involuntary smoking or second
hand smoke) occurs when the exhaled smoke from one person’s cigarette is inhaled by other people.
Involuntary smoking involves inhaling toxic components. Numerous studies have suggested that passive
smoking can be harmful to human health. Passive smoking is one of the key issues in leading to smoking
bans, particularly in workplaces.
In many countries it is illegal to sell tobacco products to minors. In addition, in many countries
some jurisdictions impose restrictions on where smoking is allowed. Starting from 2009 in Mongolia
began a program to reduce the number of teenagers smoking cigarettes. The program which is entitled as
a “Health education against smoking” teaches students the harm of cigarette smoking. The program now
is becoming a part newly implemented laws on controlling the cigarette smoking.
But many people still continue smoking. People start smoking for different reasons. Some say
they smoke in order to relax, rest and distract from their daily stress. I think that most of the minors
smoke in order to be like everybody else, to be cool and become a grown up. However, successful ex-
smokers are often quite happy and relieved, as well as proud of their success.
Personally, I don’t smoke and I want to tell smoking is the worst thing to do. It affects your whole
life, and smoking kills you, so stop before it’s too late.
New words:
Social issue – нийгмийн асуудал
A major contributing factor – чухал нөлөөлөх хүчин зүйл
Lung cancer – уушигны хавдар
Heart attack, other disorders – зүрхний шигдээс болон бусад хямрал
Can be harmful to human health – хүний эрүүл мэндэд хортой нөлөөтэй
Premature death – эрт үхэл
The exhaled smoke is inhaled – гаргасан утаа залгигдах
Toxic components – хортой нэгдлүүд
Smoking bans – тамхины эсрэг хориг
Some jurisdictions – хязгаарласан хориг тогтоох
To implement laws – хууль хэрэгжүүлэх
To distract from their daily stress – өдөр тутмын дарамт, стрессээс салах
To be cool – догь байх
1. Do you smoke? If yes why do you smoke?

2. Do you know that smoking is bad for you?
3. Do your family members smoke?
4. Do you have friends who smoke?
5. Do you know that passive smoking is also harmful to health?
6. What can you recommend to people who smoke?
7. Do you agree that smoking in public places should be banned?

28. Health and bad habits
People nowadays are more health-conscious than they used to be. They understand that good
health is above wealth. To be healthy we should avoid different bad habits can affect our health. In my
opinion, smoking and drinking too much alcohol, are the worst ones. It’s common knowledge that
smoking and drinking can shorten our lives dramatically. Smoking, for example, causes a number of
heart and lung diseases, such as pneumonia, emphysema and cancer. besides , it makes your teeth yellow
and skin unhealthy. Fortunately, in recent years smoking has received a lot of bad publicity, and fewer
people smoke nowadays. Some companies don’t employ people who are smokers.
Smoking has been banned in most public places because everyone agrees it does harm to our
health. I don’t smoke, because i don’t want to have unhealthy skin and teeth and die young.
Smoking and drinking are joined by less dangerous habits, such as skipping meals, eating
unhealthy food, or even overeating. Of course, they are not quite as deadly as smoking or drinking alcohol,
but they also affect our health.
If we eat too much, we’ll become obese, and obesity leads to serious health problems. A lot of
people in Mongolia like eating fatty meat, fried khuushuur and avoid vegetables. But what is tasty is not
always healthy. In recent years eating habits have undergone a change. People are encouraged to eat less
fat and more fiber. Fat is believed to be one of the major causes of obesity and heart disease. High fiber
and low fat foods can now be found in all shops and supermarkets. Salads, vegetables, and grains have
taken the place of oily meet and fried pastry. The fashion for healthy food is growing all the time.
Many people feel they are too fat, even if their doctors disagree. And a lot of people try to
improve their fitness. There are a lot of ways to lose weight and avoid gaining it. Perhaps the most
popular of them is following a diet. If you want to lose weight, you should cut out snacks and desserts,
and cut down on fat. People have also become more aware of calories, the energy value of food. Some
people count the number of calories they eat every day; so that they can try to take in fewer calories and
lose weight. But excessive dieting may be dangerous, too. Some people refuse to eat meat as they
consider it harmful. They say a vegetarian diet reduces the risk of cancer and vegetarians live longer than
others. I can’t agree with them, because meat is an excellent source of good nutrition. In my opinion, it’s
wrong to put down a food simply because excessive amounts can cause health problems. Consumed in
moderate amounts, meat is perfectly good for our health.
To my mind, the only way to stay healthy and to keep fit is by going in for sports. Among the
benefits of regular exercise are a healthier heart, stronger bones, quicker reaction times and more
resistance to various illnesses. Besides, you can eat and drink as much as you want because you are
burning it all off.
To be healthy, it is also very important to spend a lot of time in the open air. It is useful to go for
a walk before going to bed, or to air the room.
Personally, I believe that regularity in life promotes our health. Sleeping eight or nine hours,
getting up early, regular meals, a healthy diet and going in for sport is really a good way to live.
New words:
health conscious – эрүүл мэнддээ илүүтэй анхаарах
to avoid different bad habits – муу зуршлуудаасаа татгалзах
to affect our health – бидний эрүүл мэндэд нөлөөлөх

heart and lung diseases – зүрх уушигны өвчнүүд
pneumonia – уушигны хатгаа үрэвсэл
emphysema and cancer – уушигны багтраа, хорт хавдар
to become more aware of calories – илчлэгт илүүтэй анхаарах болсон
excessive diet – хоолны дэглэм хэт барих
an excellent source of food nutrition – уургийн чухал эх үүсвэр
to consume in moderate amounts – тохируулж хэрэглэх
consume – идэх, уух, хэрэглэх
resistance to various illnesses – элдэв өвчнийг эсэргүүцэх чадвар
1. What do you do stay healthy?

2. What are the worst habits of human beings?
3. Do you have a bad habit?
4. What do you do to get out of your bad habit?
5. Do you eat healthy food?
6. Do you eat junk food?
7. Do you have a normal weight?
8. Do you follow a diet?
9. What do you do to stay fit?
10. Is exercising important for health?
29. Keys to Happiness

Looking back on the first my seventeen years of my life with passion, energy and enthusiasm, I
feel grateful to have been so healthy and happy. I owe my happiness to so many people and lucky events,
but there are three key, fundamental factors that have guided me and supported me in my life. Those three
keys to life are my physical health, healthy finances, and my family’s happiness.
Health comes first for me, because without health everything else is meaningless. Imagine
starting a career without good health. Imagine starting a family without good health. Imagine achieving
anything without good health. Clearly, good health is a basic, fundamental prerequisite for every other
aspect of one’s life.
Good health is not enough to be happy. We still need to have money in today’s society. Money
obviously pays for the basic necessities of life - food, housing, and clothing - but is also necessary for
other reasons. The amount of money we have at our disposal determines the quality of education we can
receive. Money guarantees we will get adequate medical treatment if the need arises. We can also use
money for travel and other entertainment that can add to our quality of life.
When we have both our health and healthy finances, we can turn our attention to the most
important factor in having a happy family. Family is the most important factor because it provides the
love, joy and support that everybody needs. I love my family with all my heart. I get pleasure from their
pleasure.
I suffer when they suffer. My family helped me get through the tremendous pressure of entrance
exams. They consoled and advised me when i had misunderstandings with my friends. More importantly,
they were there to share in my successes and failures throughout the past seventeen years.

These three factors are all that I need and want in this world. As long as I stay healthy, work hard
to earn as much money as I can, and then use my health and wealth wo share both good times and bad
times with my family, I will always to be the happiest person in the world.
New words:
passion, energy and enthusiasm – дур хүсэл, эрч хүч, урам зориг
to owe to many people – олон хүнд өртэй
fundamental factors – чухал хүчин зүйлүүд
everything else is meaningless – бусад бүх зүйл утгагүй
fundamental prerequisite – амин чухал зүйл
basic necessities of life – амьдралын үндсэн хэрэгцээ
adequate medical treatment – эмнэлгийн найдвартай эмчилгээ засал
to provide the love, joy and support – хайр, баяр хөөр, халамж үзүүлэх
to console and advise – тайвшруулах зөвлөгөө өгөх
1. What is happiness for you?

2. What do you need to be absolutely happy?
3. Are you a happy person?
4. Is money a key to happiness?
5. Is family important to be happy?
30. Entertainment
I am fond of good books and good music, and when I have some spare time I like to go to the theater or
the movies.
I like the movie tremendously. I see all the best movies that are on. I prefer romantic comedy, though I
enjoy action and science films too. I usually go to the movie theater for the morning or day shows. If I
want to go to an evening show I book tickets beforehand. I like to come to the movie theater a couple of
minutes before the movie. If there is a long time to wait I can always look at the portraits of movie stars
hanging on the walls of the foyer, or listen to a little advertisement that is usually given for the spectators.
It is a good idea that those who are late are not allowed to enter the hall until the news-reel is over. I hate
being disturbed when a movie is on. If I like a movie very much I go to see it a second time and besides I
see many if the movies televised. I often surf the net to know which movies have been released and which
ones are being shot. I know all the famous script writers, producers and cameramen.
New words:
to like the cinema tremendously – кинонд маш дуртай
thriller – онц сонирхолтой адал явдалт кино
to book tickets beforehand – тасалбараа урьдчилж захиалах
until the news-feel is over – кино сурталчилгаа дуустал
to hate being disturbed – хүн саад болоход их дургүй
to have been released - шинээр гарсан

1. What do you do in your spare time?

2. Do you like going to theaters?
3. Do you like watching movies?
4. Where do you like watching movies/ at home or in the theater/
5. What kind of movies do you like watching?

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30 Topics with new words and questions

Answer the questions

1.What is your name?

2.What is your surname?

3.When and where were you born?

4.Who are you?

5.What is your address?

6.What is your cell phone number?

7.Where do you live?

8.Where do you study?

9.What are you majoring at?

10.What kind of person are you?

11.What is your favorite subject?

@alexkimesl 2010 Advanced topics

13.What are you interested in?

14.What do you like to do with your friends in your spare time?

15.What is your character?

16.What is your appearance?

17.Who do you look like?

18.Do you have a special feature?

19.Do you like your name if not why?

@alexkimesl 2010 Advanced topics

2. Do you do morning exercises?

3. What do you have for breakfast?

4. How do you go to your university?

5. How many classes do you have every day?

6. Where do you have your lunch?

7. When do you get home after classes?

8. At what time do you have dinner?

9. What do you do in the evening?

10. When do you go to bed?

@alexkimesl 2010 Advanced topics

Answer the questions:

1. Where do you live/ in a house, apartment or ger?

@alexkimesl 2010 Advanced topics

@alexkimesl 2010 Advanced topics

Answer the questions:

1. What is family for you?

@alexkimesl 2010 Advanced topics

@alexkimesl 2010 Advanced topics

9. My pastime and hobby

10. Leisure time

@alexkimesl 2010 Advanced topics

12. Education in Mongolia

@alexkimesl 2010 Advanced topics

Compulsory education- зайлшгүйболовсрол

Answer the questions

1. When do children go to kindergarten?

2. What do children learn in the kindergarten?

4. How many years do you have to study at school?

@alexkimesl 2010 Advanced topics

6. When does school year start in Mongolia?

7. How many terms does school have?

8. What do children learn at the middle school?

9. What is the difference between private and government schools?

@alexkimesl 2010 Advanced topics

1. What school did you graduate?

2. Was your school a state school or private school?

3. Was it well equipped?

4. What subjects did you study?

5. How many lessons did you have every day?

6. What was your favorite subject?