Unit 1 - Lesson A: Hello and Good-Bye: Touchstone 2nd Edition - Language Summary - Level 1

Touchstone 2nd Edition • Language summary • Level 1
Unit 1 • Lesson A: Hello and good-bye

Vocabulary
Saying hello
Hello. / Hey. / Hi. hola
Good morning. Buenos dias
How are you? Como estas?
How are you doing? Como estas?
I'm fine, (thanks). Estoy bien, gracias.
How about you? Que hay de ti?
OK. / Good. / Pretty good. Bien./Bueno/muy bien
Nice to meet you. Encantado de conocerte.
Saying good-bye
Bye. / Good-bye. Adios/nos vemos
Good night. Buena noche
Have a nice day. Ten un buen dia
Have a good evening. Ten una Buena noche
You too. Tu tambien
Have a good weekend. Ten una Buena semana
See you. Nos vemos
See you later. Nos vemos despues
See you next week. Nos vemos la siguiente semana
See you tomorrow. Nos vemos mañana
Other words
I (pron) Yo
you (pron) Tu
be: am, are (v) ser o estar
Thank you. / Thanks.
Gracias
© Cambridge University Press 2014 Marco Puglla Unit 1, Lesson A

Unit 1 • Lesson B: Names

Vocabulary
Personal information
married (adj) casad@
Single (adj) solter@
first name (n) Primer nombre
last name (n) Apellido
middle name (n) Segundo nombre
Nickname (n) Apodo
Titles
Miss Señora
Mrs. Señor
Ms. Sra
Mr. Sro
School
class clase
room cuarto
student estudiante
teacher profesor
Languages
English Ingles
French Frances
Determiners
A a
An un
The el
© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 1, Lesson B, Page 1

Other words
different (adj) diferente
same (adj) Algunos
my (adj) mio
your (adj) tuyo
here (adv) aqui
not (adv) no
and (conj) y
we (pron) nosotros
No. no
Yes. si
Grammar
The verb be: I, you, and we
I, you, and we are pronouns:
 Use I for yourself.
 Use you for another person / other people.
 Use we for yourself and another person / other people.
The verb be has contractions and full forms:
Contractions Full forms

I'm I am
you're you are
we're we are
Affirmative statements
Use pronoun + contraction of be:
I'm Jenny.
You're in Room G.
We're in different classes.

Negative statements
Use pronoun + contraction of be + not:
I'm not Carmen.
You're not in Room B.
We're not in the same class.
Yes-No questions and short answers
Yes-No questions are questions that you can answer with Yes or No.
You can use be + pronoun to ask Yes-No questions:
Are you Jenny?
Am I in Room B?
Are we in the same class?
Affirmative short answers
Use Yes + pronoun + full form of be:
A Are you Jenny?
B Yes, I am.
Negative short answers
Use No + pronoun + contraction of be + not:
A Are we in the same class?
B No, we're not.

Unit 1 • Lesson C: Personal information

Vocabulary
Numbers
zero cero (n)
one uno (n)
two dos (n)
three tres (n)
four cuatro (n)
five cinco (n)
six seis (n)
seven siete (n)
eight ocho (n)
nine nueve (n)
ten diez (n)
Personal information
email address direccion electronica (n)
ID number número de identificación (n)
middle initial inicial de en medio (n)
passport number número de pasaporte (n)
(tele)phone number número telefónico (n)
Other words
new (adj) Nuevo
today (adv) hoy
(gym) member (n) miembro
(gym) pass (n) pase
. = dot (email) (n) punto
@ = at (email) (prep) arroba
it (pron)
please Por favor
© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 1, Lesson C, Page 1

Grammar
What's . . . ?, It's . . .
Use What's (= What is) to ask a question:
What's your name?
Use a form of be to answer a question with What's . . . ?:
A What's your name?
B My name's Victor Lopez. (= My name is . . . )
You can use It's (= It is) to answer a question with What's . . . ?:
A What's your email address?
B It's vlopez6@cup.org. (= It is . . . )

Unit 1 • Lesson D: Are you here for the concert?

Vocabulary
beautiful (adj) hermos@
concert (n) concierto
Conversation strategies
How about you?
In a conversation you can use How about you? to ask someone the same question:
A Hi. How are you doing?
B Pretty good. How about you? (= How are you doing?)
A Good, thanks.
Everyday expressions
More formal
Use more formal expressions with people you don't know very well – your teacher, at work,
etc.:
Yes.
Thank you.
Hello.
How are you?
I'm fine.
Good-bye.
© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 1, Lesson D, Page 1

Less formal
Use less formal expressions with people that you know very well – with your friends, your
family, etc.:
Yeah.
Thanks.
Hi.
How are you doing?
OK. / Pretty good. / Good.
Bye. / See you. / See you later.

Unit 2 • Lesson A: Classmates

Vocabulary
Location expressions
at home / work en casa/trabajo
at (the library / the gym) en (la libreria/el gimnasio)
in class en clase
over there por ahi
Adjectives
asleep dormid@ (adj)
late (for class) despues (para clase) (adj)
sick enfermo (adj)
Other words
again (adv) nuevamente
he (pron) el
she (pron) ella
they (pron) Ellos/ellas
be: is, are (v) Ser o estar
Grammar
The verb be: he, she, and they
He, she and they are pronouns:
 Use he for a man or a boy.
 Use she for a woman or a girl.
 Use they for two or more people.
© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 2, Lesson A, Page 1

The verb be has contractions and full forms:
Contractions Full forms

he's he is
she's she is
they're they are
You can use one of these pronouns + be to make a statement about another person.
He's at work.
She's sick.
They're late.
Use a name or pronoun + a form of be:
Hiroki's at work. He's at work.
Ellen's sick. She's sick.
Carmen and Suzanna are late. They're late.
Negative statements
Use a name or pronoun + a form of be + not:
Hiroki's not here. He's not here.
Ellen's not in class. She's not in class.
Carmen and Suzanna are not here. They're not here.

Yes-No questions and short answers
Use be + a name or pronoun to ask Yes-No questions:
Is Hiroki at work?
Is she in class?
Are they late?
A Is Hiroki at work?
B Yes, he is.
A Are they late?

B Yes, they are.
A Is Ellen sick?
B No, she's not.
A Are they here?

B No, they're not.

Unit 2 • Lesson B: What's in your bag?

Vocabulary
Personal items
(computer) bag maleta del computador (n)
cell phone celular (n)
credit card tarjeta de credito (n)
glasses gafas (n)
headphones auriculares (n)
keys llaves (n)
laptop computador (n)
sunglasses gafas de sol (n)
umbrella sombrilla (n)
wallet billetera (n)
watch reloj (n)
water bottle botella de agua (n)
Things for class

book libro (n)
English book libro de ingles (n)
eraser borrador (n)
highlighter resaltador (n)
notebook cuaderno de notas (n)
online dictionary diccioario en linea (n)
pen boligrafo (n)
pencil lapiz (n)
scissors tijeras (n)
Food
orange naranja (n)
sandwich emparedado (n)
snack bocadillo (n)
People
child (children) niños (n)
man (men) hombre (n)
woman (women) mujer (n)
Other words
head (n) cabeza
jeans (n) pantalones
it (pron)
this (pron) eso
these (pron) esos
Grammar
This and these
You can use This + is to make a statement about a singular noun:
This is a cell phone.
You can use These + are to make a statement about a plural noun:
These are headphones.
Yes-No questions with this and these
You can use Is + this to ask a question about a singular noun:
Is this your cell phone?
You can use Are + these to ask a question about a plural noun:
Are these your headphones?

A Is this your cell phone?

B Yes, it is.
A Are these your headphones?

B Yes, they are.
A Is this your cell phone?

B No, it's not.
A Are these your headphones?

B No, they're not.
Information questions with this or these

To ask a question about a singular noun, you can use:
What's this?
Use It's to answer:
It's a cell phone.
Remember, 's is the contraction of is.
To ask a question about a plural noun, you can use:
What are these?
Use They're to answer:
They're headphones.
Remember, 're is the contraction of are.

Noun plurals
Nouns are things or people. A noun can be singular or plural. A singular noun is one thing or
person: bag (= 1 bag). A plural noun is two or more things or people: bags (= 2+ bags).
Regular plurals
You can add -s to a singular noun to make it plural:
a bag bags a key keys
For these singular endings use -es to make plural nouns:
(-ss) a class classes (-sh) a brush brushes
(-ch) a watch watches (-x) a box boxes
For singular nouns ending in consonant + y change y to ies to make plural nouns:
a dictionary dictionaries
Remember, a consonant is any letter that is not a, e, i, o, or u.
Irregular plurals
Some nouns are irregular and have different plurals:
a man men
a woman women
a child children
Nouns that are only plural
Some nouns are only plural and do not change:
glasses
sunglasses
scissors
jeans

Unit 2 • Lesson C: In the classroom

Vocabulary
Location expressions
in (the closet) en el armario
in front of (the board) en frente de el bote
next to (the window) siguiente a la ventana
on (the table) en la tabla
on the wall / floor en la pared/piso
right here ahora mismo
under (your desk) bajo tu escritorio
Things in a classroom
board barco (n)
calendar calendario (n)
CD player reproductor de CD (n)
chair mesa (n)
clock reloj (n)
computer computadora (n)
desk escritorio (n)
drawer cajon (n)
homework (paper) Trabajo en casa(papel) (n)
map mapa (n)
marker marcador (n)
poster poster (n)
table tabla (n)
TV television (n)
wastebasket papelera (n)
workbook libro de trabajo (n)
Clothes
coat saco (n)

Places in the room

closet armario (n)
floor piso (n)
wall pared (n)
window ventana (n)
Grammar
Questions with Where
To ask where something is, use Where's + a singular noun:
Where's the teacher’s coat?
Remember, 's is the contraction of is.
Use Where are + a plural noun:
Where are the students' test papers?
a / an vs. the
You can use a / an or the to say where something is. A / an is an indefinite article.
Use a / an when you don't know exactly where something is:
A Where's the teacher’s coat?
B It's on a desk. (I don't know which desk.)
The is a definite article. Use the when everyone knows the place where something is:
A Where's the teacher’s coat?
B It's on the desk. (We know which desk.)

Possessive 's and s'

You can use possessives to show the owner of something.
Singular
When the owner is one person, use name / singular noun + 's:
Ms. Moore's desk (= Ms. Moore owns the desk. It is her desk.)
the teacher's books (= The teacher owns the books.)
Plural
When the owner is more than one person, use plural noun + ':
the students' books (= The students own the books.)

Unit 2 • Lesson D: How do you spell it?

Vocabulary
Classroom instructions
answer respuesta (v)
close cerrar (v)
listen (to) escuchar (v)
look (at) mirar (v)
open abrir (v)
read leer (v)
write escribir (v)
Asking for help in class
Here are some common expressions that you can use in class if you need help.
 Asking for a word in English

What's the word for this in English?
 Asking for a spelling in English

How do you spell highlighter?
How do you spell it?
 Asking to borrow something

Can I borrow an eraser, please?
 Asking someone to repeat something

(Excuse me.) Can you repeat that, please?
 Asking for the page number

(Excuse me.) What page?

Common expressions and responses

Here are some expressions that you can use to respond to Thank you and I'm sorry:
 When people say, "Thank you," you can say, "You're welcome."
 When people say, "Thanks," you can say, "Sure."
 When people say, "I'm sorry," you can say, "That's OK."
 When people say, "I'm sorry. I don't know," you can say, "That's OK. Thanks anyway."

Unit 3 • Lesson A: Celebrities

Vocabulary
Free time
band banda (n)
movie pelicula (n)
music musica (n)
Positive descriptions
amazing asombroso (adj)
exciting emocionante (adj)
favorite favorito (adj)
good bueno (adj)
great grandioso (adj)
Possessive adjectives
my mio
your tuyo
his su
her su
our nuestro
their su
Professions
actor actor (n)
artist artista (n)
soccer player jugador de futbol (n)
singer cantante (n)
writer escritor (n)

Sports
(tennis) match (tenis )juego (n)
(soccer) player (futbol) jugador (n)
sport deporte (n)
team equipo (n)
Other words
famous (adj) famoso
always (adv) siempre
really (adv) De verdad
very (adv) muy
so (conj) tambien
celebrity (n) celebridad
(sports) fan (n) (deportes) fanatico
be in statements
I'm yo soy
you're tu eres
he's el es
she's ella es
we're nosotros somos
they're ell@s son
Grammar
Be in statements
You can use a pronoun + contraction of be to make statements:
I'm a Johnny Depp fan.
She's a famous singer.
They're tennis players.

Remember, you use the indefinite article a / an with singular nouns but not with plural nouns:
He's an actor.
We're Giants fans.
Possessive adjectives
My, your, his, her, our, and their are possessive adjectives. They show the owner of something.
Pronouns Possessive adjectives

I my
you your
he his
she her
we our
they their
You can use possessive adjectives instead of pronouns with be to make statements:
I'm a Johnny Depp fan. My favorite actor is Johnny Depp. His new movie is great.
She's a famous singer. Her voice is amazing.
They're tennis players. Their matches are exciting.
We're Giants fans. Our favorite team is the Giants.

Unit 3 • Lesson B: People we know

Vocabulary
Categories of people
best friend major amigo (n)
boss jefa (n)
classmate compañera (n)
co-worker compañer@ de trabajo (n)
neighbor barrio (n)
student estudiante (n)
a friend from high school un amigo del colegio (n)
School and work

college Universidad (n)
high school colegio (n)
job trabajo (n)
Describing personality
Friendly amigable (adj)
fun divertido (adj)
lazy peresosa (adj)
nice divertida (adj)
OK buena (adj)
Outgoing extrovertido (adj)
quiet tranquilo (adj)
shy timido (adj)
smart inteligente (adj)
strict estricto (adj)

General descriptions
busy ocupado (adj)
easy facil (adj)
tired cansad@ (adj)
Positive descriptions
Interesting interesante (adj)
Grammar
Yes-No questions with be
Yes-No questions are questions that you can answer with Yes or No.
You can use be + pronoun in Yes-No questions:
Am I late?
Are you busy?
Is he tired?
Affirmative short answers with be
A Am I late?
B Yes, you are.
Negative short answers with be
A Is she strict?
B No, she's not.

Negatives statements with be

You can use a pronoun + contraction of be + not to make a negative statement:
You're not late.
I'm not busy.
We're not late.
Is has two negative contractions:
She's not strict.
Use isn't when 's not is hard to say.
My boss isn't strict.
Are also has two negative contractions:
They're not nice.
Use aren't when 're not is hard to say.
My co-workers aren't nice.

Unit 3 • Lesson C: Family

Vocabulary
Numbers
(10) ten diez (n)
(11) eleven once (n)
(12) twelve doce (n)
(13) thirteen trece (n)
(14) fourteen catorce (n)
(15) fifteen quince (n)
(16) sixteen dieciseis (n)
(17) seventeen diecisiete (n)
(18) eighteen dieciocho (n)
(19) nineteen diecinueve (n)
(20) twenty veinte (n)
(21) twenty-one veintiuno (n)
(22) twenty-two veintidos (n)
(23) twenty-three veintitres (n)
(24) twenty-four veinticuatro (n)
(25) twenty-five veinticinco (n)
(26) twenty-six veintiseis (n)
(27) twenty-seven veintisiete (n)
(28) twenty-eight veintiocho (n)
(29) twenty-nine veintinueve (n)
(30) thirty treinta (n)
(40) forty cuarenta (n)
(50) fifty cincuenta (n)
(60) sixty sesenta (n)
(70) seventy setenta (n)
(80) eighty ochenta (n)
(90) ninety noventa (n)
(100) one hundred cien (n)
(101) a hundred and one cientouno (n)

Family
parents padres (n)
father (dad) padre (n)
mother (mom) madre (n)
husband esposo (n)
wife esposa (n)
children niños (n)
daughter (n)
son hijo (n)
brother hermano (n)
sister hermana (n)
aunt tia (n)
uncle tio (n)
cousin primo (n)
grandparents abuelos (n)
grandfather (grandpa) abuelo (n)
grandmother (grandma) abuela (n)
Other words
pretty muy (adj)
now ahora (adv)
Grammar
Information questions with be
Use question word + be + subject (you, he, she, this, they, or noun) to ask an information
question. Answers to information questions are not Yes or No.
 Use What . . . ? in questions about things:
What are their names?
Linda and Carlos.

 Use What . . . like? to ask someone to describe a person or thing:
What's she like? Remember, 's is the contraction of is from the verb be.
She's very smart.
 Use Who . . . ? in questions about people:
Who's this?
Who's that?
It's my grandmother.
This is . . .
That is . . .
 Use Where . . . ? in questions about places:
Where are they today?
They're at home.
 Use Where . . . from? in questions about hometowns or countries:
Where are your grandparents from (originally)?
They're from Texas.
 Use How . . . ? in questions about people's health and situations:
How are your parents?
They're fine, thanks.
 Use How old . . . ? in questions about ages:
How old are you?
I'm twenty-three (years old).

Unit 3 • Lesson D: A songwriter? Really?

Vocabulary
Showing interest and reacting positively
Good. bien
Great! genial
Really? De verdad?
Wow! asombroso
Oh? o
Oh. o
Other words
a friend of mine un amigo mio (n)
Painter pintor (n)
Showing interest
You can ask a question to show you are interested in a conversation:
A She's an artist.
B Yeah. Where's she from?
You can also repeat a word or words to show you are interested in a conversation:
A She's from Paris originally.

B Paris? Wow. Is she a professional artist?
Really?
You can say Really? to show you are interested or surprised.
A It’s a painting. I know the artist.

B Really? It’s great.
Unit 4 • Lesson A: In the morning

Vocabulary
Food and drink
breakfast desayuno (n)
lunch almuerzo (n)
coffee café (n)
tea té (n)
Free time
exercise ejercicio (n)
newspaper periódico (n)
game juego (n)
go on the internet navegar en el internet (v)
listen to (music) escuchar musica (v)
play (games on the computer) jugar juegos en la computadora (v)
read (the newspaper) leer el periódico (v)
watch (TV / videos) mirar (television/videos) (v)
Routine activities
check (my) email revisar mi correo (v)
do homework hacer el deberes (v)
drive to work manejar al trabajo (v)
eat (breakfast) comer(desayuno) (v)
exercise ejercicio (v)
get up (early / late) levantarse (temprano/tarde) (v)
have (breakfast / coffee) Tomar (desayuno/café) (v)
read leer (v)
sing in the shower cantar en la ducha (v)
study estudiar (v)
talk hablar (v)
watch mirar (v)

Routine verbs
drive conducir (v)
like gustar (v)
Work trabjar (v)
Other words
crazy (adj) loca
noisy (adj) ruido
a lot (adv) mucho
early (in the morning) (adv) Temprano(en la mañana)
late (at night) (adv) Tarde(en la noche)
pretty (quiet) (adv) bonito(tranquilo)
alarm clock (n) Alarma reloj
radio (n) radio
homework (n) Deber
work (n) trabajo

Grammar
Simple present statements
You can use the simple present to talk about routines and things that are always true.
 Use verb with I, you, we, and they:
I eat breakfast.
They read the paper.
 Use regular verb + -s / -es / -ies with he, she, and it:
He listens to the radio.
She watches TV.
He studies English.
Negative statements
 Use don't (= do not) + verb with I, you, we, and they:
You don't have tea.
We don't get up early.
 Use doesn't (= does not) + verb with he, she, and it:
He doesn't listen to CDs.
She doesn't watch videos.

Verb endings: he, she, and it
Verbs with he, she, and it end in -s or -es.
 Add -s to most verbs He gets up late.
 Add -es to verbs ending in -ch She watches TV.
 Add -s to verbs ending in a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) + -y He plays video games.
 Add -ies to verbs ending in a consonant + -y She studies in the morning.
Remember, a consonant is any letter that is not a vowel.
Irregular verbs
The irregular verbs have, do and go have different endings with he, she, and it:
He has coffee.
She does her homework.
My brother goes on the Internet.

Unit 4 • Lesson B: Routines

Vocabulary
Activities
clean the house limpiar la casa (v)
do the laundry lavar la ropa (v)
go out salir a fuera (v)
go shopping ir de compras (v)
have a weekly routin tener una rutina en la semana (v)
have a busy week tener una semana ocupada (v)
make phone calls tomar llamadas telefonicas (v)
play on a team jugar en un equipo (v)
play sports / soccer / tennis jugar deportes/futbol/tenis (v)
spend time with (your family) pasar tiempo con(tu familia) (v)
take a class tomar una clase (v)
Days of the week

Monday Lunes (n)
Tuesday Martes (n)
Wednesday Miercoles (n)
Thursday Jueves (n)
Friday Viernes (n)
Saturday Sabado (n)
Sunday Domingo (n)
Time expressions
after class Despues de clases
at night En la noche
before breakfast Antes del desayuno
every day Todos los dias
on Monday(s) En lunes(s)
on (the) weekends / on the weekend En (los) fines de semana/fin de semana
in the morning(s) / afternoon(s) / evening(s) En las mañanas/tardes/noches

Auxiliary verbs
do hacer
don't no hacer
does hace
doesn't no hace
Other words
house casa (n)
in (class) en clase (prep)
together juntos (adv)
Grammar
Simple present: Yes-No questions and short answers
Use Do + I / you / we / they / a plural noun + verb to ask a Yes-No question in the simple
present:
Do you go to a class in the evening?
Do your friends call you at night?
Use Does + he / she / a singular noun + verb:
Does she play sports?
Does your mother work on the weekends?
Use Yes + I / you / we / they + do:
A Do you go to a class in the evening?

B Yes, I do.
A Do your friends call you at night?

B No, they don't.

Use Yes + he / she + does:
A Does your mother work on the weekends?

B Yes, she does.
Use No + I / you / we / they + don't (= do not):
A Do you and your friends play sports after class?

B No, we don't.
Use No + he / she + doesn't (= does not):
A Does your mother work on the weekends?

B No, she doesn't.

Unit 4 • Lesson C: Do you work out every day?

Vocabulary
Activities
have a part-time job Trabajo medio tiempo (v)
Run correr (v)
Routine verbs
Come venir (v)
know conocer (v)
live vivir (v)
see ver (v)
Other words
big grande (adj)
chess ajedrez (n)
law student estudiante de derecho (n)
around here alrededor de aqui
about 10 miles away a unas 10 millas de distancia
Saying more than yes or no
To be friendly you can say more than yes or no:
A Oh, are you a student?

B Yeah. Well, I'm a part-time law student.
A Oh, so do you live around here?

B No. I live about ten miles away.

Well . . .
You can start an answer to a question with Well . . . if you need time to think or if the answer is
not a simple yes or no:
A Do you work out every day?

B No. Well, I come here before class.
A Are you from here originally?

B Well, I'm from Chicago originally, . . .

Unit 4 • Lesson D: On average

Vocabulary
Free time
music música (n)
Routine activities
receive text messages recibir mensajes de texto (v)
send text messages enviar mensajes de texto (v)
spend time (on the phone) tener tiempo(en el cellular) (v)
spend time online pasar tiemmpo en linea (v)
Frequency expressions
five hours a month cinco horas al mes
one night a week una noche en la semana
three times a day / week tres veces al dia/semana
Other words
restaurant restaurante (n)
teenager adolescente (n)
(spend time) with (pasar tiempo) con (prep)
drink beber (v)
on average de media

Writing
Capitals and periods
Periods
This is a period .
Use a period at the end of your sentences:
Marisa is a new student in the class. She's from Rio originally.
Capitals
These are CAPITAL letters: A B C D E ....Use a CAPITAL letter for:
 the pronoun I
I watch TV 10 hours a week.
 a new sentence
She has a busy week. She has English classes over 18 hours a week.
 people's names
Marisa is a new student in the class.
 the names of places
She's from Rio originally.
 names of languages
She takes a Chinese class.
 days of the week
She takes a Chinese class on Saturdays.

Unit 5 • Lesson A: Going out

Vocabulary
Free-time activities
eat out salir a fuera (v)
go to a club ir a el club (v)
go to the gym ir al gimnasio (v)
go to the movies ir a el cine (v)
meet (my) friends conocer a mis las amigos (v)
play music reproductor de música (v)
relax relajar (v)
rent (a movie) rentar una película (v)
Time expressions
every night todas las noches
once a week una vez a la semana
on Friday night(s) en las noches del viernes
two or three times a day / week dos o tres veces al dia
twice a month dos veces al mes
Other words
boyfriend (n) novio
girlfriend (n) novia
(the) movies (n) Las películas
in (your free time) (prep) En tu timpo libre
to (the gym) (prep) A el gimnasio
sleep late (v) Dormir tarde

Grammar
Simple present information questions
Information questions start with a question word. These are question words:
How often, What, When, Where, and Who
Simple present information questions are: Question word + do / does + subject + verb . . . ?
Use do with you, we, and they:
What do you do in your free time?
Where do they go on Saturday nights?
Use does with he and she:
How often does he eat out?
When does she go out?

Unit 5 • Lesson B: TV shows

Vocabulary
Frequency expressions
always siempre (adv)
usually usualmente (adv)
often a menudo (adv)
sometimes algunas veces (adv)
hardly ever casi nunca (adv)
never nunca (adv)
Television shows
cartoon dibujos animados (n)
(the) commercials Los comerciales (n)
documentary documental (n)
game show programa de juego (n)
reality show programa de consurso (n)
sitcom comedia de enredo (n)
soap opera telenovela (n)
talk show programa de entrevista (n)
the late movie la película tardia (n)
the morning show programa de la mañana (n)
the news noticias (n)
Other words
delicious (adj) delicioso
during (the commercials) (prep) Durante los comerciales
in (English) (prep) En (ingles)
in front of (the TV) (prep) En frente de (la televisión)

Grammar
Frequency adverbs
Always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever and never are frequency adverbs.
You can use frequency adverbs to talk about how often you do something:
always means all the time
usually means most of the time
often means a lot
sometimes means not often
hardly ever means almost never
never means not ever
Frequency adverbs usually come between the subject / pronoun and the verb in a sentence:
I always eat in front of the TV.
You can also use the frequency adverbs sometimes, usually, and often at the start of a
sentence:
Sometimes I eat in front of the TV.

Unit 5 • Lesson C: Do you go straight home?

Vocabulary
Routine activities
buy comprar (v)
get home ir a casa (v)
go shopping ir de compras (v)
go straight home ir directamente a casa (v)
take a break tomar un descanso (v)
Other words
cheap barata (adj)
terrible terrible (adj)
club club (n)
music musica (n)
on weeknights entre semana por la noche
Asking questions in two ways
People often ask a question in two ways. This makes the questions clear and not too direct:
So what do you do after class? Do you go straight home?
How do you usually get home after class? Do you take the subway or the bus?
I mean
You can use I mean to repeat your ideas or to say more about something:
A Where do you go? I mean, do you go somewhere nice?
B Do you know Fabio's? It's OK. I mean, the food's good, . . .

Unit 5 • Lesson D: Technology addicts

Vocabulary
Linking words
and (conj) y
but (conj) pero
Technology
computer / video games computadora/juegos de video (n)
website sitio web (n)
call llamada (v)
go online ir enlinea (v)
log on / onto iniciar session /en (v)
send email enviar correo (v)
take photos tomar fotos (v)
Writing
Linking ideas with and and but
and
You can use and to link words or sentences with similar information or ideas:
I want a computer. I need some advice.
I want a new computer, and I need some advice.
Remember to erase the period and write a comma when you link two sentences with similar
ideas.
You can also use and to link sentences with additional information (to link nouns):
I have a smart phone. I have a desktop.
I have a smart phone and a desktop.

but
You can use but to link sentences with different information or ideas:
I have a smart phone, and a desktop. I need something for class.
I have a smart phone and a desktop, but I need something for class.
Remember to erase the period and write a comma when you link two sentences with but.

Unit 6 • Lesson A: Nice places

Vocabulary
Places in cities and neighborhoods
apartment building contrucción de apartamentos (n)
city ciudad (n)
fast-food place local de comida rápida (n)
mall centro comercial (n)
movie theater teatro cine (n)
museum museo (n)
outdoor café café al aire libre (n)
park parque (n)
post office oficina de correo (n)
stadium estadio (n)
store tienda (n)
subway station estacion de metro (n)
supermarket supermercado (n)
swimming pool piscina (n)
Quantity expressions
a couple of una pareje de
a lot of unos cuantos
no (There's no mall.) no no hay centro comercial
some algunos
Adjectives
beautiful hermoso
boring aburrido
convenient conveniente
expensive costoso
little bajo
small pequeño

Other words
need necesitar (v)
Grammar
There's and There are
You can use There's (= There is) and There are to say what is in a place.
Use There's / There is + a singular noun (= 1 thing):
There's a park in my neighborhood.
Use There are + a plural noun (= 2 or more things):
There are three restaurants.
Quantifiers
A / an both mean one. Use a / an with singular nouns:
There's a park. (The first letter of park is not a, e, i, o, or u.)
There's an outdoor café. (The first letter of outdoor café is o.)
There's one park and there's one outdoor café.
Quantifiers give information about numbers:
 a lot of means many
 a couple of means two or three – a small number
 some means more than two
 no means not any

Use a lot of, a couple of and some with plural nouns:
There are a lot of restaurants.
There are some outdoor cafés.
There are a couple of movie theaters.
Use no with singular or plural nouns:
There's no mall.
There are no clubs.
Adjectives before nouns

You can use adjectives to describe your neighborhood.
Adjectives usually come before nouns:
There's a small park in my neighborhood.
There are some expensive stores.

Unit 6 • Lesson B: What time is it?

Vocabulary
Asking and saying the time
What time . . . ? Que tiempo ?
What time is it? Que hora es?
It's 10:00 a.m. es las diez de la mañana
It's 2:00 p.m. son las dos de la tarde
It's (eleven) o'clock. son las once en punto
It's (five) after (two). Son cinco pasado las dos
It's a quarter after (two). Es cuarto pasado las dos
It's ten-thirty. Son las diez y treinta
It's a quarter to (nine). Es un cuarto para las nueve
It's six-forty-five. Es las seis y cuarenta y cinco
It's (ten) to (nine). Es diez para las nueve
It's midnight. Es la media noche
It's noon. Es medio dia
Time expressions
about (seven o'clock) cerca de las siete en punto
around (seven o'clock) alrededor de las siete en punto
at (five) o'clock son las 5 en punto
tomorrow night mañana noche
Free time
art exhibit exhibición de arte (n)
event evento (n)
jazz concert concierto de jazz (n)
play juego (n)
seat (n)
soccer match juego de futbol (n)

Other words
free gratis (adj)
finish work / school finalizer trabajo/colegio (v)
go to bed ir a (v)
leave work / school trabajo/escuela (v)
start iniciar (v)
Grammar
Asking questions about time
You can ask the time like this:
What time is it?
You can use What time do / does . . . ? to ask what time something happens.
Use does with a singular noun:
What time does the concert start?
Use do with a plural noun:
What time do supermarkets close?
Use do with you:
What time do you go out at night?
Answering questions about time

Use It's to say the time:
A What time is it?
B It's 6:30.

Use at to give times:
A What time does the concert start?
B It starts at nine o'clock.
Use about or at about to give approximate times ("approximate" means not exact):
A What time do supermarkets close?
B They close (at) about 10:00 p.m.
You can also use around to give approximate times:
A What time do you go out at night?
B Usually around 8:00 or 8:30.
Remember, after he, she, it the verb ends in -s:
I / You / We / They start . . .
He/ She / It starts . . .
Suggestions with Let's

A suggestion is an idea to do something. You can use Let's + verb to make a suggestion:
Let’s go to the concert.
Let's meet at 6:45.
Let's get there early.
You can use That sounds . . . to agree with a Let's . . . suggestion:
That sounds like fun.

Unit 6 • Lesson C: Me too!

Vocabulary
Hungry enojado (adj)
Starving hambriento (adj)
Me too and Me neither
You can use Me too or Me neither to show you have something in common with someone. It
means you are the same or you have the same ideas.
Use Me too after an affirmative statement:
A I just love this neighborhood.
B Me too.
Use Me neither after a negative statement:
A I don't like concerts.
B Me neither.
You can use Really? and give a different opinion when you don't have something in common
or when you disagree with someone:
A I live in an exciting neighborhood.
B Really? I live in a boring neighborhood.

Right and I know

You can use Right and I know to show you agree with an opinion. It means you have the same
idea:
A There are some great restaurants in this neighborhood.
B Right. But they're expensive.
A Yeah, I know.
You can also use Right and I know to show you are listening.

Unit 6 • Lesson D: A neighborhood guide

Vocabulary
Places in cities and neighborhoods
boutique Tienda de ropa (n)
comedy club Club de comedia (n)
jewelry store tienda de joyeria (n)
Prepositions
at + location una+ locación
at + phone number un+ número de teléfono
at + time un+tiempo
between + times en medio+tiempos
for (more information) para(mayor información)
from (time) to (time) de(tiempo)a(tiempo)
in + city en+ ciudad
on (the weekends) en(los fines de semana)
on + street en+las calles
(day) through (day) (dia)mediante(dia)
Time expressions
between (9:00) and (5:00) entre las (nueve) y (las cinco)
from (6:00) to (10:00) de(seis) a (diez)
Monday through Saturday de lunes a sabado
Other words
best mejor (adj)
popular popular (adj)
unusual raro (adj)
poetry reading lectura poetica (n)
go window shopping ir mirando escaparates (v)

Writing
Prepositions with time and place
Prepositions often give information about time and places.
 Use at with an exact time:
The concert is at 5 p.m.
 Use on with the weekend:
There are free concerts on the weekend.
 Use between or from . . . to with start and end times:
Call between 9:00 and 5:00.
The café is open from 9:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m.
 Use through with start and end days:
The store is open Monday through Saturday.
 Use at with buildings:
The concert is at the stadium.
 Use on with streets and in with neighborhoods:
Wilson Park is on Green Street in Fairview.
 You can also use at before a phone number:
Call the Park Office at 686-555-2400 for more information.

Unit 1 - Lesson A: Hello and Good-Bye: Touchstone 2nd Edition - Language Summary - Level 1

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Touchstone 2nd Edition • Language summary • Level 1

Unit 1 • Lesson A: Hello and good-bye

© Cambridge University Press 2014 Marco Puglla Unit 1, Lesson A

Unit 1 • Lesson B: Names

© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 1, Lesson B, Page 1

 Use I for yourself.

 Use you for another person / other people.

 Use we for yourself and another person / other people.

The verb be has contractions and full forms:

Contractions Full forms

Use pronoun + contraction of be:

We're in different classes.

© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 1, Lesson B, Page 2

Use pronoun + contraction of be + not:

I'm not Carmen.

You're not in Room B.

We're not in the same class.

Yes-No questions and short answers

You can use be + pronoun to ask Yes-No questions:

Are you Jenny?

Are we in the same class?

Affirmative short answers

Use Yes + pronoun + full form of be:

A Are you Jenny?

Negative short answers

Use No + pronoun + contraction of be + not:

A Are we in the same class?

B No, we're not.

© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 1, Lesson B, Page 3

Unit 1 • Lesson C: Personal information

© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 1, Lesson C, Page 1

What's your name?

Use a form of be to answer a question with What's . . . ?:

A What's your name?

B My name's Victor Lopez. (= My name is . . . )

You can use It's (= It is) to answer a question with What's . . . ?:

A What's your email address?

© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 1, Lesson C, Page 2

Unit 1 • Lesson D: Are you here for the concert?

A Hi. How are you doing?

B Pretty good. How about you? (= How are you doing?)

How are you?

© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 1, Lesson D, Page 1

How are you doing?

OK. / Pretty good. / Good.

Bye. / See you. / See you later.

© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 1, Lesson D, Page 2

Unit 2 • Lesson A: Classmates

 Use he for a man or a boy.

 Use she for a woman or a girl.

 Use they for two or more people.

© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 2, Lesson A, Page 1

Contractions Full forms

Use a name or pronoun + a form of be:

Hiroki's at work. He's at work.

Ellen's sick. She's sick.

Carmen and Suzanna are late. They're late.

Use a name or pronoun + a form of be + not:

Hiroki's not here. He's not here.

Ellen's not in class. She's not in class.

Carmen and Suzanna are not here. They're not here.

© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 2, Lesson A, Page 2

Use be + a name or pronoun to ask Yes-No questions: