Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF MASBATE PROVINCE

INDIVIDUAL LEARNING
ACTIVITY PACKAGE (ILAP) No. 2

Learner's Information:

Name of Learner:
Grade Level: Grade 11

Name of Teacher: Jazer B. Leuterio

Practical Research in Daily Life 1

Learning Area:

Address: Poblacion, Cataingan, Masbate

Telephone No.: (056) 578-3469
 Individual Learning Activity Package

Learner’s Information

Name of Learners: ______________________________ Gender: ________ Grade Level: _____

Name of Teacher: _____________________________ Learning Area: ____________________

Learning Activity Package Number: 2

 Identifying the Inquiry and Stating the Problem

Learning Competencies

At the end of this week, you will be enable to:

 designs a research project related to daily life
 writes a research title
 describes the justifications/reasons for conducting the research
 states research questions
 indicates scope and delimitation of research
 cites benefits and beneficiaries of research
 presents written statement of the problem

Learning Objectives

In this package, you will learn how to design a research project related to daily life, you can
make or formulate your own research title and you can describe and give a justification/
reasons for conducting the research, you can make your own research problem. This will
also benefits you as a learner.
Pre- Test

Identify what type of Qualitative Research is described by each of the following.

1. ___________ The focus of this qualitative research is theory development..

2. ___________ It is the most familiar and applicable qualitative research which deals
with the traditions and cultures of an ethnic group.
3. ___________It is designed to focus on the commonality of a lived experience with a
particular group.
4. ___________It is an exploration of a “bounded system” or a “case” or “multiple
case” over time through detailed, in-depth data collection of information.
5. __________ It is the analysis of language “beyond the sentence”.
6. __________It is a method of examination of evidence in understanding the past
events.
7. __________It is the study of an individual’s struggles and how they reflect cultural
themes of the society.
8. __________ It is designed to present things or events that have happened in the past
through a logical presentation of the relevant information.
9. __________It refers to the investigation of a culture through indepth study of the
members of the society.
10. __________It is primarily conducted to generate theory through relevant information
from very reliable sources.
11. __________Its main purpose is to appreciate, reflect and preserve cultural heritage
12. __________If little things are known for the topic and no available review of related
literature from printed materials, what type of qualitative research is very useful?
13. __________It involves the systematic collection, description, and analysis of data for
development of theories of cultural behavior.
14. __________This research can be useful in modifying existing theory or to expand or
uncover differences from what is already known.
15. __________The fundamental goal of this research is to arrive at a description of the
nature of the particular phenomenon.
 Major Characteristics of Qualitative Research

Naturalistic inquiry
Studying real-world situations as they unfold naturally; non-manipulative, unobtrusive, and
non-controlling; openness to whatever emerges—lack of predetermined constraints on
outcomes.
Inductive analysis
Immersion in the details and specifics of the data to discover important categories,
dimensions, and interrelationships; begin by exploring genuinely open questions rather than
testing theoretically derived (deductive) hypotheses.
Holistic perspective
The whole phenomenon under study is understood as a complex system that is more than
the sum of its parts; focus is on complex interdependencies not meaningfully reduced to a
few discrete variables and linear, cause-effect relationships.
Qualitative data
Detailed, thick description; inquiry in depth; direct quotations capturing people‘s personal
perspectives and experiences.
Personal contact and insight
The researcher has direct contact with and gets close to the people, situation, and
phenomenon under study; researcher‘s personal experiences and insights are important part
of the inquiry and critical to understanding the phenomenon.
Dynamic systems
Attention to process; assumes change is constant and ongoing whether the focus is on an
individual or an entire culture.
Unique case orientation
Assumes each case is special and unique; the first level of inquiry is being true to,
respecting, and capturing the details of the individual cases being studied; crosscase
analysis follows from and depends on the quality of individual case studies.
Context sensitivity
Places findings in a social, historical, and temporal context; dubious of the possibility or
meaningfulness of generalization across time and space.
Emphatic neutrality
Complete objectivity is impossible; pure subjectivity undermines credibility; the
researcher‘s passion is understanding the world in all its complexity – not proving
something, not advocating, not advancing personal agenda, but understanding; the
researcher includes personal experience and empathic insight as part of the relevant data,
while taking a neutral non-judgmental stance toward whatever content may emerge.
Design flexibility
Open to adapting inquiry as understanding deepens and/or situations change; avoids getting
locked into rigid designs that eliminate responsiveness; pursues new paths of discovery as
they emerge.
 TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Types of Qualitative Research

1. ETHNOGRAPHY is the most familiar and applicable type of qualitative research. It

refers to the investigation of a culture through an in-depth study of the members of the
cultural society. It involves the systematic collection, description, and analysis of data
for development of theories of cultural behavior. Its main purpose is to preserve the
cultural heritage of an ethnic group.

Examples of Ethnography

The examples of ethnography are “Cultural Awareness and Integration of Peace

Education in the Indigenous Peoples (IP) Communities”, “Folklores and Cultural
Presentation of Maguindanaon”, “Kulintang Ensemble of Maguindanaon: Reflection
and Preservation of their Cultures and Traditions”, “Traditional Marry-Making of
Indigenous Peoples (IP’s)”, “Inaul: Maguindanaon Fabric of Pride and Heritage” and
“T’nalak: Reflection of T’bolis’ Dreams, Beliefs, Myths and Religion”.

2. GROUNDED THEORY is designed to discover what problems exist in a given social

environment and how the persons involved handle these problems. It is a naturalistic
and exploratory research used primarily to generate theory through relevant information
taken from very reliable sources. In other words, its focus is theory development. In
Grounded Theory, data collection and analysis occur simultaneously until “saturation”
is reached. If little things are known for the topic and no available review of related
literature from printed materials, Grounded Theory is very useful. In GROUNDED
THEORY, the researcher begins with a broad query in a particular subject and then
collects relevant information about the topic. As the action processes of data collection
continue, each piece of information is reviewed, compared, and contrasted with other
information. From this constant comparison process, commonalities and differences
among categories of information become clear, and ultimately a theory that explains
observations is inductively developed. Grounded Theory can also be useful in
modifying existing theory or to expand or uncover differences from what is already
known. GROUNDED THEORY requires extensive and repeated sifting through the
gathered data and analyzing and re-analyzing multiple times in order to identify new
theory. It is an approach best suited to research projects where the phenomenon to be
investigated has not been previously explored. This means that Grounded Theory can be
best employed if there is no available review of related literature regarding the
phenomenon.

Examples of Grounded Theory

The examples of Grounded Theory are “The Life of Bangsamoro People Before
Spanish Colonial Period”, “The Story Behind the Migration of Christians from Visayas
and Luzon to Mindanao”, “How the Land Areas in Mindanao are Dominantly Owned
by the Christians”, “Bangsamoro People: Minorities in their Homeland”, “The Magical
Powers of Christians in Developing the Fertile Island of Mindanao” and “Life and
Struggle of Bangsamoro People Living along the Rio Grande de Mindanao”.

NOTE: The above research titles are just only examples to let you conceptualize your
Qualitative Research Titles. Little things are known for that stated topics. So, Grounded
Theory is very applicable.

3. PHENOMENOLOGY is designed to focus on the commonality of a lived experience

with a particular group. The fundamental goal of this research is to arrive at a
description of the nature of the particular phenomenon. The common gathering method
is this research is Participatory Rapid Appraisal (PRA).
 PHENOMENOLOGY aims to determine what an experience means for the persons who
have had the experience of living in a certain community which is the subject of the
research.

PHENOMENOLOGY seeks reality from individuals’ narratives of their experiences and

feelings, and to produce in-depth descriptions of the phenomenon.

Examples of Phenomenology

The examples of phenomenology are “Life without Gadgets”, “Post-Traumatic

Experiences in the Battle Fields of Maguindanao: A Phenomenological Study”,
“Resilience of Indigenous Peoples (IP’s) in their Mountainous Homeland” and
“Students Today and Students Now: A Phenomenological Study”.

4. CASE STUDY is an exploration of a “bounded system” or a “case” or “multiple cases”

over time through detailed, in-depth data collection involving multiple sources of
information rich in interesting stories. The context of the case involves situating the
case within its natural setting, which may be physical, social, historical and/or
economic.

Examples of Case Study

The examples of case study are “Teenage Pregnancy in the Public High Schools”, “Fly-
By-Night Schools: Quality Education or Quantity of Enrolment?”, “He Does, I Do: A
Crab Mentality in the Workplace”, “Bringing Home Office Goodies”, “Health Behavior
Tracking via Mobile Games: A Case Study among Students”, “Students’ Discipline and
Academic Performance through Child-Friendly School (CFS) Environment: A Case
Study” and “Victims of Love: A Case Study”.

5. DISCOURSE ANALYSIS is defined as the analysis of language “beyond the sentence”.

It deals with texts, interactions and social practices at the local, institutional and societal
levels. It is a broad term for the study of the ways in which language is used by the
people, both written and spoken contexts. It melds linguistics and sociology by taking
into account the social and cultural context that language is used.

Materials and Topics for Discourse Analysis

Materials that are suitable for Discourse Analysis include books, newspapers,
periodicals, brochures and advertisements. Topics for Discourse Analysis include
sounds or intonations, gestures, syntax, lexicon, style, rhetoric, meanings, speech acts,
moves, strategies and other aspects of interaction or communication.

Examples of Discourse Analysis

The examples of discourse analysis are “The Music of Everyday Speech: Prosody and
Discourse Analysis”, “Talk that Counts: Age, Gender and Social Class Differences in
Speaking English”, “What Good Speakers Do in Conversation: A Discourse Analysis”,
and “A Discourse Analysis on the Impact of Modern Technologies on Communication”.

6. HISTORICAL RESEARCH is a method of examination of evidence in understanding the

past events. It is particularly applied to evidence contained in documents, although it
can be applied to all artefacts. It involves studying, understanding and interpreting past
events. The purpose of historical research is to reach insights or conclusions about past
persons or occurrences.
 Examples of Historical Research

The examples of historical research are “The Cold War and Its Consequences for the
World”, “The Impact of Martin Luther King’s Speech”, “The Crusades and the Jihads:
Similarities and Differences” and “The Bangsamoro Identity Struggle and Bangsamoro
Basic Law as the Path to Peace: Historical Analysis”.

7. NARRATIVE REPORT is designed to present things or events that have happened in the
past through a logical progression of the relevant information. The main purpose of a
narrative report is to present a factual depiction of what has occurred.

Examples of Narrative Report

The examples of narrative report are “High School Life: The Most Unforgettable Life
of Students”, “Finding Love: How I Met my Soulmate”, Finding Beauty in the Printed
Word: How I Learn Poetry”, “Vocabulary Building of Students Through Proper Solid
Waste Management” and “My First Love: Never Dies”.

8. BIOGRAPHY is the study of an individual’s life and struggles and how they reflect
cultural themes of the society. It deals with an interesting story found in documents and
archival materials. It is concerned with the reconstruction of life histories and the
constitution of meaning based on biographical narratives and documents.

Five Common Types of Biography

Five common types of biography are

(1) Scholarly Chronicles
(2) Intellectual Biography
(3) Life History Writing
(4) Memoir Biography
(5) Narrative Biography.

Types of Biography

a. SCHOLARLY CHRONICLE is the most fundamental (common) type of

biographical research with focus on the historical portrayal of an individual life.
The basic research orientation constitutes telling the subject’s story in
chronological order with emphasis upon the development of plot (life-pattern
stages) and the description of acts of recognition or achievement.

Examples of Scholarly Chronicle

The examples of this type of scholarly chronicle are “The Secrets of Outstanding
Teachers of Esperanza NHS” and “Biography of Dr. Eskak M. Delna, the First
Muslim Principal of Esperanza National High School”.

b. INTELLECTUAL BIOGRAPHY is another genre of biographical research which

forsakes the need for basic chronological structure and it develops a narrative of
a life through the conceptual analysis of the subject’s motives and beliefs within
the world of ideas. Intellectual Biographer recognizes and accepts the invasive
yet justifiable analysis and it overcomes the intrusive nature of inquiry with care
 and resulting in self-reflective thoughtfulness and insight. The example of
intellectual biography is “Life and Works of Dr. Jose Rizal”.

c. LIFE HISTORY WRITING is the recording of life memories, experiences,

whether one’s or another’s. This applies to many genres and practices such as
autobiography, diaries, letters, testimonies, personal essays and more recently,
digital forms such as blogs and emails. The purpose of life history writing is to
enable family information as well as emotions and feelings about history to be
remembered.

Examples of Life History Writing

The examples of life history writing are “Behind the Effective Leadership of Dr.
Eskak M. Delna”, “My Story: Your Story and the Story of All”, “Sunshine
Behind the Clouds: The Picture of My Life” and “The Sacrifices of Overseas
Filipino Workers (OFW’s)”.

d. MEMOIR BIOGRAPHY is designed to give emphasis on the stylistic presentation

of the biographer’s reflections and insights in relation to the factual account of
life. An interpretive narrative of the writer, alongside the presentation of the
biographical subject, becomes part of the research. A life story is told, yet in
relation to the transactional experiences of the biographer that in turn influences
and foreshows similar experiences of the reader.

Examples of Memoir Biography

The examples of memoir biography are “Memories of Consecutive Earthquakes

in Mindanao: A Biographical Analysis”, “Millennial Students: Full of Modern
Gadgets and Lack of Study Habits”, “The Experiences of Maguindanaon
Students in the Conflict Areas of Maguindanao”, “The Worst Nightmare in My
Life” and “Life Before and After Maguindanao Massacre”.

e. NARRATIVE BIOGRAPHY is a nonfiction account of life experiences of a

person. In this type of writing, the description of a person is through the eyes of
the writer. This type of narrative writing relies on concrete or key facts or events
within a person’s life.

9. ACTION RESEARCH is a classroom-based or school-based research that seeks

transformative change through the simultaneous process of taking action and doing
research, which are linked together by critical reflection. This type of research is
commonly conducted by the teachers to give solutions to the existing problems to
improve students’ academic performance and positive attitudes.

ACTION RESEARCH is usually qualitative in nature. Most of the time, action research
uses natural language rather than numbers: the use of natural language suits a paradigm
which is participative and responsive to the situation.
Activities

Activity No. 1

1. Write a composition entitled “MY AUTOBIOGRAPHY”. (At least 300 words)

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Activity No.2
Think of your favorite school activity that was already celebrated or conducted.
Write a “NARRATIVE REPORT” about that activity. (At least 300 words)
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Activity No. 3
Conduct an interview one of the member of your family. Then, write a composition about
his/her biographical data. The title of your composition is “BIOGRAPHY OF JAZER B.
LEUTERIO” (Sample only). Make your own title (At least 300 words)

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Activity No. 4
Research topics can be replicated anytime. However, findings are never duplicated.
Elaborate. (At least 300 words)

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Post- Test

I. Fill in the blanks. Write the correct answer in the space provided.

1. _____________________The context of the case involves situating the case within its
natural setting, which may be physical, social, historical and/or economic?
2. _____________________It aims to determine what an experience means for the persons
who have had the experience of living in a community which is the subject of the study?
3. _____________________It melds linguistics and sociology by taking into account the social
and context that language is used?
4. _____________________The purpose of this research is to reach insights or conclusions
about past persons or occurrences?
5. _____________________It is concerned with the reconstruction of the histories and the
constitution of meaning on biographical narratives and documents?
6. _____________________It is the most fundamental or common type of biographical
research with focus on the historical portrayal of an individual life?
7. _____________________It is another genre of biography which forsakes the need for basic
chronological structure and it develops a narrative of a life through the conceptual analysis of
the subject’s motives and beliefs within the world of ideas?
8. _____________________It is a type of biography which refers to the recording of life
memories, experiences, whether one’s or another’s?
9. _____________________It is a type of biography which is designed to give emphasis on the
stylistic presentation of the biographer's reflections and insights in relation to the factual
account of life?
10. _____________________The purpose of this biography is to enable family information as
well as emotions and feelings about history to be remembered?

II. Identify what specific type of qualitative research is described by each of the
following research titles.

11. Kulintang Ensemble of Maguindanao: Reflection and Preservation of their Cultures and
Traditions.
12. Post-Traumatic Experiences in the Battle Fields of Maguindanao
13. Life and Struggle of Bangsamoro People Living along the Rio Grande de Mindanao
14. Bringing Home Office Goodies
15. T’nalak: Reflection of T’bolis’ Dreams, Beliefs, Myths and Religion.
16. Mindanao: The Troubled Land of Promise.
17. Maguindanaon Literature: The Untold Narratives
18. Andres Bonifacio: The Father of Philippine Revolution.
19. . Alibata: The Traditional Phonetic Alphabet of Maguindanaon.
20. The Old Churches of Iloilo.
 21. The Journey towards Fame: The Training Practices of Palarong Pambansa Players from
Masbate City.
22. From Rugs to Riches: The Stories of Successful Businessmen.
23. Money-Making through Baking: A Case Study.
24. The Life of Working Students.
25. Diet Practices to Lose Weight.
26. Cultural Practices of the Tribal Communities in the Province of Oriental Mindoro,
Philippines.
27. Myths, Cultures and Fashion Styles of Hanonoo.
28. The Untold Stories of the Survivors of the Moro Gulf Earthquake in 1976.
29. The Heroic Martyrdom of Josefa Llanes Escoda .
30. The Mindanao Problem: History, Geography and Demography

Answer:

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