CQ IDU+ODU Technical Description

SAF Tehnika
CFQ Digital Radio

CFQ-SD-IDU /CFQ ODU
User Reference and Installation Manual

Rev: 1.14
CFQ Digital Radio Manual Revision History
REV Date Reason
1.0 29.05.2005. Initial Release
1.1 30.04.2007. Gbit Ethernet module description added
1.2 18.06.2007. CFQ-SD-IDU modes added
1.3 13.07.2007. CFQ Application Examples added, 0
1.4 13.09.2007. CFQ Application Examples appended
1.5 30.01.2008 CFQ Application Examples expanded;

‘Specific System Features’ appended;
Data on 42E1/63E1 modules added;
CFQ Product/Module table information
expanded;
General updating
1.6 14.04.2008 Information on Ethernet Quality of
Service (QoS) expanded
1.7 10.06.2008 Revision
1.8 26.06.2008 Data on Wideband ODU added
1.9 11.09.2008 Revision
1.10 29.09.2008 Section 2.9 “Configuration Examples”

added
1.11 30.09.2008 Section 2.7.10 “Signal-to-Noise Ratio
(SNR)” added
1.12 18.01.2009 ODU Datasheets updated
1.13 13.03.2009 Section 3.7.2.2 expanded;

Information on CFQ-FI Full Indoor unit
Added (Section 2.13.4)
1.14 1.06.2009 Information on VOW functionality
expanded
Table of Contents
1 Safety Precautions ....................................................................................................... 6
2 System Description ...................................................................................................... 8
2.1 About This Manual ................................................................................................. 8
2.2 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 8
2.3 System Features.................................................................................................. 10
2.4 Physical Description ............................................................................................. 11
2.4.1 Front Panel Indicators with LED Descriptions...................................................... 11
2.4.1.1 Modem Status LED .................................................................................. 12
2.4.1.2 Controller Status LED ............................................................................... 12
2.4.2 Front Panel Connections ................................................................................. 12
2.4.3 CFQ-SD-IDU Modules ..................................................................................... 15
2.4.3.1 New modules: CFQ-SD-IDU with 42E1 Master IO module .............................. 16
2.4.3.2 CFQ-SD-IDU Module Overview................................................................... 16
2.4.3.3 Modem/IF module.................................................................................... 17
2.4.3.4 Controller module .................................................................................... 17
2.4.3.5 Standard IO module w.16E1+Eth ............................................................... 18
2.4.3.6 GigE Master IO Module with 2E1+Ethernet .................................................. 18
2.4.3.7 STM-1 Optical Mini IO module ................................................................... 19
2.4.3.8 STM-1 Electrical Mini IO module................................................................. 19
2.4.3.9 16E1 expansion IO module ....................................................................... 19
2.4.3.10 Power supply module ............................................................................... 20
2.4.4 Overview...................................................................................................... 20
2.5 System Architecture............................................................................................. 21
2.6 Consecutive Point Architecture............................................................................... 23
2.7 Specific System Features ...................................................................................... 25
2.7.1 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet .................................................................................. 25
2.7.2 155 Mbps Fast Ethernet .................................................................................. 25
2.7.3 Two Network Operation .................................................................................. 26
2.7.4 Single Network Operation ............................................................................... 26
2.7.5 Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Mbps).......................................................................... 27
2.7.6 GigE Port Based VLAN .................................................................................... 27
2.7.7 Ethernet Quality of Service (QoS) .................................................................... 27
2.7.8 Voice Orderwire............................................................................................. 28
2.7.9 System Loopbacks ......................................................................................... 29
2.7.10 Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) ............................................................................ 29
2.8 Application Examples ........................................................................................... 31
2.8.1 Gigabit Ethernet Link Aggregation Configuration................................................. 31
2.8.1.1 2+0 East/East Configuration ..................................................................... 31
2.8.1.2 4+0 East/East Configuration ..................................................................... 31
2.8.2 Network Topologies.............................................................................................. 32
2.8.2.1 Up to 32E1 Trunk connected in chain.......................................................... 32
2.8.2.2 Up to 64 E1 with STM-1 Mux/Demux connected in chain................................ 33
2.8.2.3 nxE1 + Ethernet connected in chain ........................................................... 34
2.8.2.4 Converting chain to ring topology............................................................... 35
2.8.2.5 1+1 CFQ-SD-IDU nxE1 + Eth connected in chain.......................................... 36
2.8.2.6 2+0, 3+0, and 4+0 East/East for increased Ethernet capacity ........................ 36
2.8.3 Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) ....................................................................... 38
2.8.4 1+1 Protection ........................................................................................... 38
2.8.5 Protected Diversity ..................................................................................... 38
2.8.6 1 + 1 Multi-hop Repeater Configuration ......................................................... 39
2.9 Configuration Examples ........................................................................................ 41
2.10 CFQ IDU Product/Module table............................................................................... 42
2.11 Power Management.............................................................................................. 44
2.12 Network Management........................................................................................... 44
2.13 ODU data ........................................................................................................... 45
2.13.1 Feature Summary .......................................................................................... 45
2.13.2 Narrowband ODU Specification summary........................................................... 45
2.13.3 Wideband ODU Specification Summary ............................................................. 45
2.13.4 CFQ-FI Full Indoor Unit................................................................................... 53
2.13.4.1 Features................................................................................................. 53
2.13.4.2 Options .................................................................................................. 53
2.13.4.3 Frequency specific Parameters................................................................... 53
2.13.4.4 Specifications.......................................................................................... 54
2.13.4.5 Mechanical / Environmental ...................................................................... 54
2.14 CFQ-SD-IDU and Network Management .................................................................. 55
2.14.1 IP Address .................................................................................................... 55
2.14.2 Network ....................................................................................................... 55
2.14.3 NMS Network Operational Principles ................................................................. 55
2.14.4 Third Party Network Management Software Support ........................................... 56
3 Installation ............................................................................................................... 57
3.1 Unpacking .......................................................................................................... 57
3.2 Notices............................................................................................................... 57
3.3 PRE-INSTALLATION NOTES ................................................................................... 58
3.3.1 Back-to-Back Bench Testing ............................................................................ 58
3.4 Overview of Installation and Testing Process............................................................ 58
3.5 Site Evaluation .................................................................................................... 59
3.5.1 Preparing for a Site Evaluation......................................................................... 60
3.5.2 Site Evaluation Process................................................................................... 60
3.5.3 Critical System Calculations ............................................................................ 62
3.5.3.1 Received Signal Level (RSL) and Link Budget ............................................... 62
3.5.3.2 Fade Margin Calculation............................................................................ 63
3.5.3.3 Availability Calculation.............................................................................. 63
3.5.3.4 Antenna Planning..................................................................................... 63
3.5.4 Documenting a Site Evaluation ........................................................................ 63
3.6 Installation of the CFQ Digital Radio ....................................................................... 66
3.6.1 Installing the CFQ-SD-IDU .............................................................................. 66
3.6.1.1 Installing on a Table Top or Cabinet ........................................................... 66
3.6.1.2 Installing on a Wall .................................................................................. 66
3.6.1.3 Installing in a Rack .................................................................................. 66
3.6.1.4 Grounding the CFQ-SD-IDU....................................................................... 67
3.6.1.5 Grounding the ODU.................................................................................. 67
3.6.2 Preparing for ODU Installation ......................................................................... 68
3.6.2.1 General .................................................................................................. 68
3.6.2.2 Surge Protection...................................................................................... 69
3.6.3 Evaluating RSL from RSSI signal ...................................................................... 69
3.6.4 Routing the ODU/IDU Interconnect Cable .......................................................... 69
3.6.5 Connecting the CFQ-SD-IDU to the PC and Power Source .................................... 70
3.7 Quick Start Guide ................................................................................................ 72
3.7.1 Materials Required ......................................................................................... 72
3.7.2 CFQ-SD-IDU Configuration Process................................................................... 72
3.7.2.1 Setting the IDU IP Address ....................................................................... 73
3.7.2.1.1 Using the GUI to set the IP address........................................................... 73
3.7.2.1.2 Using a terminal connection to set the IP address........................................ 74
3.7.2.2 Configuring the CFQ-SD-IDU ..................................................................... 74
3.7.2.3 Configuring the CFQ-SD-IDU Site Attributes ................................................ 75
3.7.2.4 Power on Reset to Factory Defaults ............................................................ 75
3.7.3 Default Username and Password ...................................................................... 75
3.8 CFQ-SD-IDU Service ............................................................................................ 75
3.8.1 Removing a Module........................................................................................ 76
3.8.2 Installing a Module......................................................................................... 77
4 Summary Specification ............................................................................................... 79
4.1 CFQ-SD-IDU Ethernet Performance ........................................................................ 80
4.1.1 100 Base TX Ethernet Performance .................................................................. 80
4.1.2 Gigabit Ethernet (GigE) Performance ................................................................ 82
5 Front Panel Connectors ............................................................................................... 84
5.1 DC Input (Power) Connector.................................................................................. 84
5.2 CFQ Ethernet 100BaseTX Payload LOC Connector ..................................................... 84
5.3 CFQ Ethernet 100BaseTX Payload Connector 1-4 ...................................................... 85
5.4 CFQ Ethernet 100BaseTX CPT Connector ................................................................. 85
5.5 CFQ STM-1 (Electrical) Payload Connector ............................................................... 86
5.6 CFQ STM-1 (Optical) Payload Connector .................................................................. 86
5.7 NMS 10/100BaseTX LOC Connector ........................................................................ 86
5.8 Voice Order Wire ................................................................................................. 87
5.9 Data Order Wire .................................................................................................. 88
5.10 Alarm/Serial Port Connector .................................................................................. 88
5.11 ODU Connector ................................................................................................... 89
5.12 E1- Channels 1-2 Connector .................................................................................. 89
5.13 E1- Channels 3-16 Connector ................................................................................ 90
6. Updating IDU Firmware ........................................................................................... 92
6.1 Using iPorter Program .......................................................................................... 92
6.1.1 Installing iPorter ............................................................................................ 92
6.1.2 Using iPorter to Update Firmware ..................................................................... 92
7 Appendix .................................................................................................................. 95
7.1 Alarm Descriptions............................................................................................... 95
7.2 Abbreviations & Acronyms................................................................................... 106
7.3 Conversion Chart ............................................................................................... 110
7.4 CFQ-SD-IDU Modes............................................................................................ 112
CFQ-SD-IDU User Reference and Installation Manual 6
1 Safety Precautions
PLEASE READ THESE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS!
RF Energy Health Hazard

This symbol indicates a risk of personal injury due to radio frequency exposure.
The radio equipment described in this guide uses radio frequency transmitters. Do not
allow people to come in close proximity to the front of the antenna while the transmitter
is operating. The antenna will be professional installed on fixed-mounted outdoor
permanent structures to provide separation from any other antenna and all persons.
WARNING: RF Energy Exposure Limits and Applicable Rules for 6-38 GHz. It is
recommended that the radio equipment operator refer to the RF exposure rules and
precaution for each frequency band and other applicable rules and precautions with
respect to transmitters, facilities, and operations that may affect the environment due to
RF emissions for each radio equipment deployment site.
Appropriate warning signs must be properly placed and posted at the equipment site and
access entries.
Protection from Lightning

Article 810 of the US National Electric Department of Energy Handbook 1996 specifies
that radio and television lead-in cables must have adequate surge protection at or near
the point of entry to the building. The code specifies that any shielded cable from an
external antenna must have the shield directly connected to a 10 AWG wire that connects
to the building ground electrode.
Do not turn on power before reading SAF Tehnika’s product documentation. This device
has a -48 VDC direct current input.
Protection from RF Burns

It is hazardous to look into or stand in front of an active antenna aperture. Do not stand
in front of or look into an antenna without first ensuring the associated transmitter or
transmitters are switched off. Do not look into the waveguide port of an ODU (if
applicable) when the radio is active.
Risk of Personal Injury from Fiber Optics

DANGER: Invisible laser radiation. Avoid direct eye exposure to the end of a fiber, fiber
cord, or fiber pigtail. The infrared light used in fiber optics systems is invisible, but can
cause serious injury to the eye.
WARNING: Never touch exposed fiber with any part of your body. Fiber fragments can
enter the skin and are difficult to detect and remove.
Warning - This is a Class A product

Warning - This is a Class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause
radio interference in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.
CFQ Digital Radio © SAF Tehnika A/S Rev. 1.14

Warning - Turn off all power before servicing

Warning - Turn off all power before servicing.
Safety Requirements
Safety requirements require a switch be employed between the CFQ-SD-IDU external
power supply and the CFQ-SD-IDU power supplies. The switch must disconnect both
poles of the power supply. A single-pole disconnect device can be used to disconnect the
line conductor where it is possible to rely on the identification of an earthed conductor in
a DC MAINS SUPPLY.
Caution - Battery must be replaced correctly

Warning - There is a danger of explosion if the battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only
with the same or equivalent type recommended by the manufacturer. Dispose of used
batteries according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Panasonic is the manufacturer of the battery (Part Number: 2032). Disposal instructions
are available on the Panasonic website. Please dispose in accordance with local law.
Proper Disposal
The manufacturer of the equipment described herein has required the extraction and use
of natural resources. Improper disposal may contaminate the environment and present a
health risk due to the release of hazardous substances contained within. To avoid
dissemination of these substances into our environment, and to lessen the demand on
natural resources, we encourage you to use the appropriate recycling systems for
disposal. These systems will reuse or recycle most of the materials found in this
equipment in a sound way. Please contact your supplier for more information on the
proper disposal of this equipment.

2 System Description
2.1 About This Manual
This manual is written for those who are involved in the “hands-on” installation of the
SAF Tehnika Digital Radio, such as installation technicians, site evaluators, project
managers, and network engineers. It assumes the reader has a basic understanding of
how to install hardware, use Windows® based software, and operate test equipment.
2.2 Introduction
The CFQ digital radios provide high capacity transmission, flexibility, features, and
convenience for wireless digital communications networks. The CFQ series digital point-
to-point radios represent a new microwave architecture that is designed to address
universal applications for both PDH and SDH platforms. This advanced technology
platform is designed to provide the flexibility to customers for their current and future
network needs.
The CFQ series equipment is based upon a common platform to support a wide range of
network interfaces and configurations. It supports up to 63 x E1, 2 x 10/100BaseTX
Ethernet, 5 Gigabit Ethernet and 2 x STM-1 interfaces in various configurations. The
radio family is spectrum and data rate scalable, enabling service providers or
organizations to trade-off system gain with spectral efficiency and channel availability for
optimal network connectivity. CFQ series digital radio enables network operators (mobile
and private), government and access service provides to offer a portfolio of secure,
scalable wireless applications for data, video, and Voice over IP (VoIP).
The CFQ digital radio family is composed of a CFQ-SD Indoor Unit and Outdoor Unit
(ODU). The CFQ-SD-IDU is designed to be frequency independent, and the ODU is
designed to be capacity independent. The CFQ-SD-IDU allows selection for multiple
capacity options, modulation types, radio frequency channels and transmit output power
levels to accommodate and adhere to world-wide regulatory and spectral efficiency
requirements. The companion ODU, mounted outdoors, can support frequency bands
from 7 to 38 GHz.
NOTE: CFQ ODU is available and operates in narrowband and wideband options.
The CFQ IDU supports 1+0 and 1+1 protection and ring architectures in a single 1 RU
chassis. The modem and power supply functions are supported using easily replaceable
plug-in modules. An additional feature of the CFQ IDU is provision for a second plug-in
modem/IF module to provide repeater or east/west network configurations.
The CFQ Digital Radio includes integrated Operations, Administration, Maintenance, and
Provisioning (OAM&P) functionality and design features enabling simple commissioning
when the radio network is initially set up in the field at the customer’s premises.
Furthermore, a highlight of CFQ radio products is scalability and the capability to support
a ring-type architecture. This ring or consecutive point radio architecture is self-healing
in the event of an outage in the link and automatically re-routes data traffic, thereby
ensuring that service to the end user is not interrupted.
The overall architecture consists of a single 1RU rack mount CFQ-SD Indoor Unit with a
cable connecting to an Outdoor Unit (ODU) with an external antenna.

Figure 2.1. CFQ-SD-IDU/ODU Architecture

Table 2-1 lists key features that CFQ technology offers to those involved in the design,
deployment and support of broadband fixed wireless networks.
Table 1. Key Benefits and Advantages of CFQ Digital Radios
Benefits Advantages to Providers/Customers Reference
CFQ-SD Indoor Unit
Universal signal processing platform Enables easy network interface options 2.2 – 2.5
and network capacity growth in the
future.
Advanced Single Chip Modem ASIC
Cost effective solution; simplifying
product logistics and overall product life
cycle costs. The flexibility reduces capital
Integrated Forward Error Correction and operating expenditures commonly
(FEC) associated with field installation,
maintenance, training and spares.
Powerful adaptive equalizer Frequency independent and Scalable.

Software defined flexibility enables
selective modulation for spectral
efficiency and adherence to world-wide
regulatory emissions guidelines.
Easy to install units
Straightforward modular system enables Fast return on investment. 3.1, 3.4, 3.6
fast deployment and activation.
No monthly leased line fees.
Carrier-class reliability.
Complete support of payload capacity with additional voice orderwire

Aggregate capacity beyond basic network Increases available bandwidth of network. 2.2 – 2.5
payload.
Allows customer full use of revenue-
Scalable and spectrally efficient system. generating payload channel.
Separate networks for radio Lowers total cost of ownership.

overhead/management and user payload.

Benefits Advantages to Providers/Customers Reference

Ring Architecture
Supports a ring (consecutive point) Enables network scalability. 2.6
configuration, thus creating a self-healing
redundancy that is more reliable than Increases deployment scenarios for initial
traditional point-to-point networks. deployment as well as network expansion
with reduced line-of-sight issues.
In the event of an outage, traffic is
automatically rerouted via another part of Increases network reliability due to self-
the ring without service interruption. healing redundancy of the network.
Ring/consecutive point networks can Minimizes total cost of ownership and

overcome line-of-sight issues and reach maintenance of the network.
more buildings than other traditional
wireless networks. Allows for mass deployment.
Networks can be expanded by adding

more CFQ Digital Radios or more rings
without interruption of service.
A separate management channel allows

for a dedicated maintenance ring with
connections to each CFQ Digital Radio on
the ring.
Adaptive Power Control

Automatically adjusts transmit power in Enables dense deployment. 2.8
discrete increments in response to RF
interference. Simplifies deployment and network
management.
Comprehensive Link/Network Management Software

A graphical user interface offers security, Simplifies management of radio network 2.5, 2.9
configuration, fault, and performance and minimizes resources as entire network
management via standard craft interfaces. can be centrally managed out of any
location.
Suite of SNMP-compatible network
management tools that provide robust Simplifies troubleshooting of single radios,
local and remote management capabilities. links, or entire networks.
Simplifies network upgrades with remote

software upgrades.
Allows for mass deployment.
2.3 System Features

Selectable Rates and Interfaces
• PDH Options
− Up to 16 x E1
− 100BaseTX/Ethernet: Scalable 1-100 Mbps
• Super PDH Options
− Up to 32/42/63 x E1
• Ethernet Options

− 100 BaseTx/Ethernet: Scalable 1-155 Mbps
− 1000 BaseTx/Ethernet: Scalable 1-300 Mbps
• SDH Options
− 1-2 x SDH STM-1 (electrical/optical)
Support for multiple configurations for both PDH and SDH
• 1+0, 1+1 protection
• Hot Standby
• East/West Repeater (2+0)
Selectable Spectral Efficiency of 0.8 to 6.25 bits/Hz (including FEC and spectral
shaping effects)
QPSK, 16 – 256 QAM Modulation Link Provisioning
Powerful Trellis Coded Modulation concatenated with Reed-Solomon Error Correction
Built-in Adaptive Equalizer
Support of Voice Orderwire Channels
Support for Data Orderwire Channels
− Up to 19.2 kbps asynchronous RS-232
− 64 kbps synchronous RS-422
Peak output power: +20 dBm (will vary with ODU and frequency plan)
Receive Sensitivity: -70 dBm (or lower, depending on data rate/modulation/FEC/ODU)
Adaptive Power Control
Built-in Network Management System (NMS)
Consecutive Point ring architecture
Built-in Bit Error Rate (BER) performance monitoring
Integrated Crosspoint switch: allows a total of 191 E1s to be mapped any-to-any
between front-panel ports and RF link(s).
Optional STM-1 Mux/Demux: allows the CFQ-SD-IDU to extract up to 63 E1 from an
STM-1. In conjunction with an integrated Crosspoint Switch, up to 223 E1 can be
mapped any-to-any between front-panel ports, STM-1, and RF link(s).
2.4 Physical Description

The following section details the physical features of the CFQ-SD-IDU
• Front Panel Indicators with LED descriptions
• Front Panel Connections
• CFQ-SD-IDU Modules
2.4.1 Front Panel Indicators with LED Descriptions

All models of the CFQ Digital Radios support a variety of front panel configurations that
are dependent on the network interface and capacity configurations.

Controller Status LED
Power/Fault LED
Power Input
Status LED Modem Status LED
Figure 2.2. CFQ-SD-IDU LEDs: Front Panel, 1+0 Configuration

Figure 2.2 provides an example of the PDH 8/12/16 E1 1+0 configuration and the
associated LEDs displayed on the CFQ-SD-IDU front panel.
2.4.1.1 Modem Status LED
The modem status LED indicates the modem status as described in the Table 2.
Table 2
LED STATUS
Green Active Locked Link
Orange Standby Locked link (1+1 Non-Diversity Only)
Flashing Green Low SNR
Flashing Orange Unlocked
2.4.1.2 Controller Status LED

The controller status LED is the primary front panel indicator of alarms. An alarm is
generated when a specific condition is identified and is cleared when the specified
condition is no longer detected. When an alarm is posted,
1. The controller status LED turns orange for 5 seconds
2. The controller status LED turns off for 5 seconds
3. The controller status LED flashes orange the number of times specified by the first
digit of the alarm code
4. The controller status LED turns off for 3 seconds
5. The controller status LED flashes orange the number of times specified by the second
digit of the alarm code
Steps 2-5 are repeated for each alarm posted. The entire process is repeated as long as
the alarms are still posted. The standard I/O and modem status LEDs are set to red when
certain alarms are posted. A complete list of alarms and their descriptions is provided in
Appendix 7.1.
2.4.2 Front Panel Connections

Please refer to the Figure 2-3 for an example of a CFQ-SD-IDU front panel followed by a
descriptive text of the connections.

Redundant ALARM/Serial
Power Supply NMS Ethernet Interface USB (Optional) Redundant MODEM
Power Voice Orderwire Ethernet 8/16×E1 STM-1

2×E1
Input Call Button & Connection ODU
Data Connections Connections
Interface (Optional) Connection
Connections
Connection
Figure 2.3. CFQ-SD-IDU, 1+1 Protection: Front Panel Connections

The recommended maximum length for all cables to terminal equipment is a maximum of
3 meters. The exception to this recommendation is the length of the ODU/IDU
Interconnect cable, which connects the Outdoor Unit to the Indoor Unit.
Power Supply Input
DC Input -48v (Isolated Input); 2-pin captive power connector. The CFQ Digital
Radio requires an input of -48 volts dc ±10% at the front panel DC Input
-48 VDC
connector. The total required power is dependent on the option cards
and protection configuration (1+0, 1+1). The CFQ-SD-IDU front panel
power connector pin numbering is 1 through 2, from left to right, when
facing the unit front panel. Pin 1 is the power supply return and is
connected to unit chassis ground internally. Pin 2 should be supplied
with a nominal -48 V dc, with respect to the unit chassis (ground). A
ground-isolated supply may be used, provided it will tolerate grounding
of its most positive output.
The recommended power input is -44 to -52 V dc at 2 Amps minimum. It
is recommended that any power supply used be able to supply a
minimum of 100 W to the CFQ-SD-IDU.
When installing power supply, the possibility must be provided to
disconnect the power, e.g. using an external switch.
An external 3 Ampere fuse must be used for DC power supply to CFQ-
SD-IDU.
A mating power cable connector is supplied with the CFQ-SD-IDU. It is a
2-pin plug, 5 mm pitch, manufactured by Phoenix Contact, P/N 17 86 83
1 (connector type MSTB 2,5/2-STF). This connector has screw clamp
terminals that accommodate 24 AWG to 12 AWG wire. The power cable
wire should be selected to provide the appropriate current with minimal
voltage drop, based on the power supply voltage and length of cable
required. The recommended wire size for power cables under 3 meters in
length supplying -48 Vdc is 18 AWG (or with 0,82 mm2 cross-section).
The CFQ-SD-IDU supplies the ODU with all required power via the
ODU/IDU Interconnect cable. The CFQ-SD-IDU does not have a power
on/off switch. When DC power is connected to the IDU, the digital radio
powers up and is operational. There can be up to 320 mW of RF power
present at the antenna port (external antenna version). The antenna
should be directed safely when power is applied.
Alarm/Serial Interface
Alarms/Serial DB-15HD female connector for two Form-C relay alarm outputs (rated
load: 1A @ 24 VDC), two TTL alarm outputs, four TTL alarm inputs, and
Serial Console. The two Form-C relay alarm outputs can be configured to
emulate TTL alarm outputs.

USB Interface
USB USB connector, optional.
Voice Orderwire Connector

Voice Orderwire Call button to alert operator at link-partner CFQ-SD-IDU of incoming
Call Voice-Orderwire call.
Voice Orderwire RJ-11 modular port connector for voice orderwire interface.
Data Orderwire Connector

Data Orderwire RJ-45 modular port for RS-422 data at 64 kbps (synchronous) / RS-232
data at 19.2 kbps (asynchronous).
NMS 10/100 Network Management System Connections

10/100 LOC 10/100Base-TX RJ-45 modular local port connector for access to the CFQ
Network Management System (SNMP).
10/100 CPT 10/100BaseTX RJ-45 modular remote port connector for access to the
CFQ port Network Management System (SNMP). This port to be used for
consecutive point networks.
CFQ-100/Ethernet Models: Ethernet 100BaseT Connections

100Base-TX LOC 100Base-TX RJ-45 modular port connector for the local Fast Ethernet
interface.
100Base-TX CPT 100Base-TX RJ-45 modular port connector. This port to be used for
consecutive point networks.
1000/Ethernet Models: Ethernet 100 Mbps Connections

USER 1000Base-T RJ-45 modular port connector.
10/100/1000 1
10/100/1000 2
10/100/1000 3
10/100/1000 4
SFP SFP Module slot for 1000Base-T, 1000Base-SX, or 1000Base-
LX modules.
E1 Channels
E1 1-2 Two E1 (RJ-48C) interface connections.
E1 1-14 Single Molex 60-pin connector containing 14 E1 connections
E1 1-7 or 7 E1 connections
STM-1 (optical) Connection (Optional Mini IO)

STM-1 Out STM-1 type SC connectors for the STM-1 interface.
STM-1 In STM-1 type SC connectors for the STM-1 interface.
STM-1 (electrical) Connection (Optional Mini IO)

STM-1 Out BNC connector for the STM-1 interface.
STM-1 In BNC connector for the STM-1 interface.

ODU/IDU Interconnect
To ODU TNC female connector. Used to connect the CFQ ODU to the CFQ-SD-
IDU. Provides –48VDC and 350 MHz Transmit IF to the ODU and
receives 140 MHz Receive IF from the ODU.
Ground Connection
Ground Lug Two ground lugs are provided on the front panel. Either may be used to
connect the CFQ-SD-IDU to ground.
2.4.3 CFQ-SD-IDU Modules

The CFQ-SD-IDU is comprised of hardware modules. The number and type of
modules is dependent on the type and required functionality. The maximum
number of modules that the CFQ-SD-IDU can hold is eight.
The modules are all inserted from the front panel of the CFQ-SD-IDU chassis. All
modules are hot swappable. One of the advantages of the module-based
architecture of the CFQ-SD-IDU is that it minimizes both operating expenditures
(OPEX) and capital expenditures (CAPEX). The modularity allows for future
upgrades via new hardware modules without a full replacement of a complete
chassis. In addition, repair and maintenance costs are minimized since individual
modules can be repaired or replaced.
A minimum of five modules are required in a basic CFQ-SD-IDU configured for

1+0 operation. As shown in Figure 2.4, those five modules are highlighted in
dark blue:
Figure 2.4 CFQ-SD-IDU Modules

2.4.3.1 New modules: CFQ-SD-IDU with 42E1 Master IO module

• The 42E1 Master IO is equipped with
• 2x Ethernet RJ45 10/100 Mbits data rate
• VoW for Handset & AUX for additional 64 Kbits
• 42x E1 via 3x60-pin Molex connector
• Compatible with expansion modules:

• 42E1 + 16E1 expansion = 58E1
• 42E1 + 21E1 expansion = 63E1
2.4.3.2 CFQ-SD-IDU Module Overview
Master IO Module Expansion IO module

Standard GigE Expanded 42E1 IO STM-1 16E1 21E1
CFQ IDU Name 16E1+Eth 2E1+Eth 16E1+Eth module module expansion module
“SPDH” BASE
50 Mbits 16E1 ●
2xEth
“SPDH” BASE
100 Mbits 16E1
2xEth ● ◦ ◦
Optional: 32E1
or 37E1
Standard BASE
16E1
2xEth(10/100)
Optional: 32E1 ● ◦ ◦ ◦
or STM-1 or
37E1
Enhanced
BASE STM-1,
16E1, 2xEth ● ● ◦ ◦
Optional: 32E1
or 37E1
GigE BASE
SFP, 4xGigE,
2E1
Optional: 18E1 ● ◦ ◦ ◦
or 23E1 or STM-
1
E1 BASE 42E1
2xEth(10/100)
Optional: 58E1 ● ◦ ◦
or 63E1

• All 1+0 CFQ IDUs have: 1xManagement Board & 1xPSU & 1xmodem/IF
• All 1+1 CFQ IDUs have: 2xManagement Board & 2xPSU & 2xmodem/IF
• SD-IDU: Software Defined IDU
• Any STM-1 may have Electrical or Optical interface
• Enhanced IDU supports up to 63E1 mux/demux via STM-1
2.4.3.3 Modem/IF module
Q0GMMDxx: Modem/IF Module

– Q0GMMD01: Standard Modem/IF Module; supports 5 - 30 MHz channel bandwidths
– Q0GMMD02: Wideband Modem/IF Module; supports 7-56 MHz channel bandwidths
Ports:
− ODU Interface, TNC female connector. Used to connect the CFQ ODU to the CFQ-SD-
IDU. Provides –48VDC and 350 MHz Transmit IF to the ODU and receives 140 MHz
Receive IF from the ODU.
ODU Power consumption:
CFQ-6 CFQ-7 CFQ-8 CFQ-11 CFQ-13 CFQ-15 CFQ-18 CFQ-23 CFQ-38
Max ODU 35 W/ 42 W/ 35 W/ 35 W/ 38 W/ 25 W/ 24 W/ 25 W/ 25 W/
power 35 W 25 W 35 W 25 W 25 W 25 W 25 W 25 W 29 W
Narrowband/
Wideband
1+1 configuration supports reserved Modem/IF module, as shown in figure 3.6.

2.4.3.4 Controller module
Ports:
− Two 10/100Base-T Ethernet ports for access to the CFQ Network Management
System (SNMP), RJ-45 sockets. The NMS ports support both half-duplex or full
duplex, 10/100Mbps electrical interfaces per IEEE 802.3. Ports are equivalent and can
be used interchangeably.
− DB-15HD female connector for two Form-C relay alarm outputs (rated load: 1A @ 24
VDC), two TTL alarm outputs, four TTL alarm inputs, and Serial Console port. The two
Form-C relay alarm outputs can be configured to emulate TTL alarm outputs.
A serial port is provided for basic control and provisioning of the IDU prior to
establishing an Ethernet NMS connection. The port shall be configured for 19,200 bps
(N,8,1).
Note: USB port is reserved for future development.

2.4.3.5 Standard IO module w.16E1+Eth
Ports:
− Two 10/100Base-Tx Ethernet ports, both support a half-duplex or full duplex
interfaces as per IEEE 802.3. RJ-45 sockets.
− 64 kbps PCM voice channel; voice orderwire (VOW) supports push to talk handset
functionality, call button will alert the operator at remote-end of incoming voice
orderwire call via an audible tone; the VOW port terminates in a RJ-48C connector
and supports a 6 wire, PTT handset.
The VOW interface is able to drive a 300-600 Ohm PTT handset. Two operating modes
are supported: point-to-point and party line. The party line mode allows the voice traffic
to be sent to both east and west links if so selected by the user. When the party line
mode is selected, the handset’s earpiece is fed summed voice data from both the east
and west links. A radio link is required as the VOW is not embedded in NMS. A call
button is provided on the front panel to facilitate the activation of a ring at the remote
end of the link. The operation of the call button follows that of the voice traffic. In party
line mode the CFQ SD IDUs at each end of the east and west links receive the ring. The
party line capability described above is available on 2.1.25 and later software releases.
− 64 kbps auxiliary data channel, RJ-48C socket.

− Two E1 interface connections, RJ-48C sockets.
− 14 E1 connections sharing single Molex LFH 60-pin connector.
Ethernet feature summary
10/100Base-T Half/Full duplex auto-detect Yes
TP auto MDIX TX/RX swap Yes
MAC addresses table 4096
Store and forward architecture Yes
Aging function Yes
Supported packet length up to 1536 bytes
Transparency for VLAN tagged packets Yes
2.4.3.6 GigE Master IO Module with 2E1+Ethernet
The GigE Master IO Module is a non-optional component for the CFQ-SD series IDUs, the
module includes:
− high performance Ethernet bridge with 4x10/100/1000Base-T ports with RJ-45 TP
interfaces (requires Cat5e cables). Ethernet TP interfaces have auto MDIX TX/RX
swap function, support 10/100/1000 Mbps Full/Half duplex modes with auto
negotiation.
− 2 x E1 ports (RJ-48C).
− Auxiliary alarm port (2xTTL outputs and 4xTTL inputs).
− Voice Order Wire (VOW) port (64 Kbps PCM voice channel).
− SFP Module slot for 1000Base-T, 1000Base-SX, or 1000Base-LX modules.

Ethernet feature summary
10/100/1000Base-T Half/Full duplex auto-detect Yes
TP auto MDIX TX/RX swap Yes
MAC addresses table 4096
Store and forward architecture Yes
Aging function Yes
Supported packet length up to 1522 bytes
Transparency for VLAN tagged packets Yes
2.4.3.7 STM-1 Optical Mini IO module
SC Duplex Single Mode Transceiver.

Parameters:
− Output center wavelength - 1261...1360 nm;
− Average optical output power: -15...-8 dBm;
− Receiver sensitivity: max. -31 dBm;
− Maximum input power: min. -8 dBm.
Unconditionally eyesafe laser IEC 825/CDRH Class 1 Compliant
Ports:
− Duplex optical interface to interface with single mode fiber at 1310 nm and compliant
with SDH STM-1 standards, - SDH STM-1 S1.1 as set forth in ITU-T
Recommendations G.957, G.958 and G.825. Duplex SC type connector.
2.4.3.8 STM-1 Electrical Mini IO module
Ports:
− Single duplex electrical STM-1, 155.52 Mbit/s interface as per ITU-T Rec. G.703
Section 15. Connectors: two 75 Ohm, BNC Female connectors (one for input and one
output).
2.4.3.9 16E1 expansion IO module
Ports:
− Two E1 interface connections, RJ-48C sockets.
− 14 E1 connections sharing single Molex LFH 60-pin connector.

2.4.3.10 Power supply module
2-pin captive power connector. The CFQ Digital Radio requires an input of -48 volts dc
±10% at the front panel DC Input connector. For more information, see chapter 2.4.2.
Power requirements:
The total required power is dependent on the optional cards installed and protection
configuration (1+0, 1+1). The IDU supplies the ODU with all the required power via the
IDU-ODU cable. The total IDU power consumption is 30 Watts for a non-protected
configuration (single modem, single power supply), and increases to 40 Watts for a
protected configuration (dual modem, dual power supply). The recommended power
input is –44 to –52V dc at 2 Amps minimum. It is recommended that any power supply
used be able to supply a minimum of 100 watts to the IDU.
1+1 configuration supports reserved Power supply module, as shown in figure 3-6.
2.4.4 Overview
Payload STM-1
Q0GMxx Master I/O Jumbo
Mux/Demux
Module Description Packets
E1 Ethernet
Q0GM6E01 Standard 1-16 10/100 No No

Master I/O
Q0GM8X01 Enhanced 1-16 10/100 Yes No
Master I/O
Q0GMEG01 GigE Master I/O 1-2 10/100/1000 No 4000
Q0GMG201
1-2 10/100/1000 No* 4000*
Enhanced GigE Master I/O
Yes* 9728*
Q0GM4201 42 x E1 Master
1-42 10/100 No No
I/O
*Enhanced GigE Master I/O comes with two options:
Supports for STM-1 Mux/Demux with 4000 Jumbo Packets or support for 9728 Jumbo
Packets.
The E1 interface cards shall support up to 63 channels operating simultaneously. The E1

interface shall be in accordance with G.703. One or two E1 channels may be used as
wayside channels in other operating modes. The Standard Master I/O provides up to
16xE1. The Super PDH Master I/O provides up to 42xE1. Additional 16xE1 or 21xE1 are
provided by separate Expansion I/O cards. The GigE Master I/O card provides up to
2xE1. The total possible E1 supported combinations is provided in the following table
(Table 2-3).

Table 2-3 E1 supported combinations
NxE
Master I/O Expansion I/O
where N=
Includes 1-155 Mbps Fast Ethernet Q0GM6E01 none 16
Q0GM6E01 Q0GM6X01 32
Q0GM6E01 Q0GM2101 37
Q0GM4201 none 42
Q0GM4201 Q0GM6X01 58
Q0GM4201 Q0GM2101 63
Includes 1-300 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet Q0GMEG01 none 2
Q0GMEG01 Q0GM6X01 18
Q0GMEG01 Q0GM2101 23
2.5 System Architecture

The overall digital radio architecture consists of a single 1U rack mount CFQ-SD Indoor Unit with
a cable connecting to an Outdoor Unit (ODU) with an external antenna.
IDU Controller
Modem
Control/
Serial Telemetery
CPU
ROH Serial
2x100 Mbps
SNMP SWITCH
2x 100BASE-TX
East/Primary Modem
Standard I/O MODEM/FEC ASIC

2x100 Mbps* Multiplexed
User
Signal to ODU
2x 100BASE-TX SWITCH Modulation:
BPSK - 256-QAM Digital Quad
Adaptive Equalization: IF Mux
17 Taps
16x 2.048 Mbps FEC:
16x E1 TCM + Reed Solomon
64 Kbps
Voice
West/Secondary Modem
FRAMER
MODEM/FEC ASIC
Optional I/O Cards Multiplexed
(Small Slot): Modulation: Signal to ODU
BPSK - 256-QAM Digital Quad
155.52 Mbps Adaptive Equalization: IF Mux
STM-1 17 Taps
FEC:
TCM + Reed Solomon
-48 Vdc
Primary Power Supply
-48 Vdc
Secondary Power Supply
Figure 2.4. CFQ-SD-IDU Block Diagram

Figure 2.4 shows the CFQ-SD-IDU and interfaces from a functional point of view. The
functional partitions for the I/O, Modem/IF, and power supply modules are shown. The

CFQ-SD-IDU comes with the standard I/O capability which can be upgraded. In addition,
the Modem/IF function is modular. This allows the addition of a second Modem to support
protection or ring architectures. The power supply is similarly modular.
The major functions of the CFQ-SD-IDU can be summarized as follows:
• I/O Processing – The CFQ-SD-IDU comes with a standard I/O capability that includes
support for up to 16xE1 and 2x100Base-TX user payloads, 2x100Base-TX for SNMP,
and voice orderwire. In addition, option cards for 1xSTM-1 may be added. The CFQ-
SD-IDU architecture is flexible and allows for the addition of other I/O types in the
future.
• Switch/Framing – The CFQ-SD-IDU includes an Ethernet Switch and a proprietary
Framer that are designed to support 1+1 protection switching, ring architecture
routing, and overall network control functions.
• Network Processor – The CFQ-SD-IDU includes a Network Processor which performs
SNMP and Network Management functions.
• Modem/IF – The CFQ-SD-IDU Modem performs forward-error-correction (FEC)
encoding, PSK/QAM modulation and demodulation, equalization, and FEC decoding
functions. The IF chain provides a 350 MHz carrier and receives 140 or 60 MHz
carriers. The multiplexer function is built into an appliqué that resides in the
Modem/IF Module. Two modems can be used for 1+1 protection or ring
architectures.
• Power Supply – The CFQ-SD-IDU power supply accepts -48 Vdc and supplies the
CFQ-SD-IDU and ODU with power. A second redundant power supply may be added
as an optional module.
• Signal Timing - STM-1 and E1 signals that are received by an CFQ-SD-IDU over the link
for transmitting out the front-panel interfaces have their Tx timing recovered from the
respective STM-1 or E1 signal. In this manner the STM-1 and E1 signals are through-
timed from the transmitting CFQ-SD-IDU.
The Modem Processor and its associated RAM, ROM, and peripherals control the digital
and analog Modem operation. It also provides configuration and control for both the IF
and I/O cards. The CFQ-SD-IDU interfaces with the CFQ ODU to receive and provide
modulated transmit and receive waveforms.
The 256-QAM Modem performs the modulation and demodulation of the
payload/wayside/SNMP data and forward error correction using advanced modulation and
coding techniques. Using all-digital processing, the 256-QAM Modem uses robust
modulation and forward error correction coding to minimize the number of bit errors and
optimize the radio and network performance. The 256-QAM Modem also scrambles,
descrambles and interleaves/deinterleaves the data stream in accordance with Intelsat
standards to ensure modulation efficiency and resilience to sustained burst errors. The
modulation will vary by application, data rate, and frequency spectrum. The highest
order modulation mode supported is 256 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). Table
2-3 summarizes the TCM/convolutional code rates for each modulation type supported by
the Digital Radio.
Table 3. CFQ Digital Radio TCM/Convolutional Code Rates

Modulation CC/TCM Code Rate Reed Solomon Code Rate
BPSK ½ (1)
¾ (1)
QPSK ½ (1)
¾ (1)

16 QAM TCM ¾ (1)

7/8 (1)
32 QAM TCM 4/5 (1)

9/10 (1)
64 QAM TCM 5/6 (1)
11/12 (1)
128QAM TCM 6/7 (1)
13/14 (1)
256 QAM TCM 7/8 (1)
15/16 (1)
Notes:
(1) Codeword byte length, N: 200-255; Message byte length, K: 184-253; check byte
length, N-K: 2-20
The RS encoding shall be programmable over the following ranges
• Codeword Byte Length 200 to 255 in steps of 1
• Message Byte Length 184 to 253 in steps of 1
• Check Bytes 2 to 20 in steps of 2
• Correctable Bytes =Check Bytes/2
The CFQ-SD-IDU also provides the physical interface for the user payload and network
management. In transmit mode, the Framer merges user payload (Fast Ethernet) with
radio overhead-encapsulated network management data. This combined data stream is
transmitted without any loss of user bandwidth. In the receive mode, the Framer
separates the combined data stream received from the 256-QAM Modem. The CFQ-SD-
IDU supports Scalable Ethernet data rates, such as 25 or 50 Mbps via the 100BaseT data
interface port. The CFQ-SD-IDU provides network management data on 10 Mbps ports
accessible via the 10/100BaseTX port. The Central Processor Unit (CPU) provides the
embedded control and network element functionality of the OAM&P. The CPU also
communicates with other functions within the CFQ-SD-IDU for configuration, control, and
status monitoring. The CPU passes appropriate status information to the CFQ-SD-IDU
front panel display.
The power supply converts 48 Vdc to the DC voltage levels required by each component
in the system.
2.6 Consecutive Point Architecture

The consecutive point network architecture is based upon the proven SONET/SDH ring.
Telecommunications service providers traditionally use the SONET/SDH ring architecture
to implement their access networks. A typical SONET/SDH network consists of the
service provider’s Point of Presence (POP) site and several customer sites with fiber optic
cables connecting these sites in a ring configuration (see Figure 2.5). This architecture
lets providers deliver high bandwidth with high availability to their customers.

Figure 2.5 Ring Configuration.

SONET/SDH rings are inherently self-healing. Each ring has both an active path and a
standby path. Network traffic normally uses the active path. Should one section of the
ring fail, the network will switch to the standby path. Switchover occurs in seconds.
There may be a brief delay in service, but no loss of payload, thus maintaining high
levels of network availability.
The consecutive point architecture implemented in the CFQ Digital Radio family is based
on a point-to-point-to-point topology that mimics fiber rings, with broadband wireless
links replacing in-ground fiber cable. A typical consecutive point network consists of a
POP and several customer sites connected using CFQ units. These units are typically in a
building in an east/west configuration. Using east/west configurations, each unit installed
at a customer site is logically connected to two other units via an over-the-air radio
frequency (RF) link to a unit at an adjacent site.
Each consecutive point network typically starts and ends at a POP. A pattern of wireless
links and in-building connections is repeated at each site until all buildings in the network
are connected in a ring as shown in Figure 2-6.

Figure 2.6. Consecutive Point Network
2.7 Specific System Features

2.7.1 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet
Scalable Ethernet data rates up to 100 Mbps can be achieved with the Standard,
Enhanced and Super PDH Master IO cards (Q0GM6E01, Q0GM9X01, and Q0GM4201,
respectively). Higher data rates may be achieved with using the 155FE capability (see
Section 2.7.2).
2.7.2 155 Mbps Fast Ethernet

Ethernet payload rates over 100 Mbps (such as 155 Mbps) may be achieved on a Fast
Ethernet CFQ-SD-IDU by utilizing both 100Base-TX front panel payload ports. In this
configuration, two Ethernet channels are provisioned in the payload frame.

The max traffic rate for each Ethernet channel to the framer is defined in the modes file.
A user is not permitted to use these modes in a 2+0 configuration.
2.7.3 Two Network Operation

This mode allows the operator to provide access to two separate Fast Ethernet users, and
guarantee the throughput level for each. Different rates for each port are supported, as
configured in the modes file. In this mode, each channel operates as a single channel
would in a single port mode. The setup for two network operation is shown in Figure 2.7.
Figure 2.7 Two Network Operation
2.7.4 Single Network Operation

This configuration is discussed with an external router in mind. This configuration is really
an extension of the mode described above. There are no changes in the programming or
operation of the CFQ-SD-IDU. This mode allows a user to transmit data from a single
network at a rate greater than 100 Mbps. The external router is required to handle the
management of the trunk. The router must ensure that the same MAC address is not
delivered to both front panel ports. The setup for single network operation is shown in
Figure 2.8.
Figure 2.8 Single Network Operation

2.7.5 Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Mbps)

Scalable Ethernet data rates up to 155 Mbps can be achieved with a Gigabit Ethernet
scalable CFQ-SD-IDU. Data rates up to 155 Mbps are available with the Standard
Modem/IF module (Q0GMMD01), and data rates up to 300 Mbps are available with
Wideband Modem/IF module (QoGMMD02). The CFQ-SD-IDU may be configured to
aggregate Ethernet bandwidth across two or four links when operating as 2+0 or 4+0,
allowing for a total throughput of up to 300 Mbps or 600 Mbps, respectively (Section
2.8.1.1).
2.7.6 GigE Port Based VLAN

The Gigabit Ethernet Port Based VLAN configures the CFQ-SD-IDU to provide two
independent Gigabit Ethernet networks, with aggregate data rate up to 300Mbps.
In this mode the Gigabit Master IO module ports 1 and 2 are allocated to Network
#1 and ports 3 and 4 are allocated to Network #2 (see Figure 2.9). The SFP port may be
assigned to either Network #1 or #2. Each network will be allocated a guaranteed
bandwidth, which is configured as part of the modes file. This capability is only available
when operating as 1+0 or 1+1 and is not available when operating as 2+0.
Figure 2.9 GigE Port Based VLAN configuration
2.7.7 Ethernet Quality of Service (QoS)

The CFQ-SD-IDU provides Quality of Services (QoS) configurations for Ethernet.
Incoming packets to the CFQ-SD-IDU are assigned to a weighted priority queue based on
one or more of the following criteria:
Incoming Port: packets are assigned to a priority queue based upon the port the packet
arrived on (shown in Figure 2.10).
802.1Q VLAN Tag Priority: packets are assigned to a priority queue based upon the
priority tag field in the VLAN TAG.
IPv4 TOS: packets are assigned to a priority queue based upon the TOS field in the IPv4
header (not available with Q0GMEG01/Q0GMG201).
DiffServ: packets are assigned to a priority queue based upon the value of the DS field of
the IPv4 header (not available with Q0GM6E01/Q0GM8X01).

Figure 2.10 CFQ-SD-IDU Ethernet QoS Priority Queue
• Master IO Module QoS Capabilities

- Q0GM6E01/Q0GM8X01
Port-based priority , 802.1Q VLAN TAG Priority, IPv4 TOS priority;
Two-level priority queue;
Limitations:
− Weighted queue ratios are fixed for 802.1Q VLAN TAG priority and for IPv4 TOS
priority even though they are selectable via the Web GUI
− Low priority queue flows may be starved under some traffic conditions
- Q0GMEG01/ Q0GMG201
Port-based priority, 802.1Q VLAN TAG priority, DiffServ priority;
Four-level priority queue.
- Q0GM4201
Port-based priority, 802.1Q VLAN TAG priority, IPv4 TOS priority, and
DiffServ priority
Four-level priority queue
2.7.8 Voice Orderwire

The Voice Orderwire provides a PTP connection via a PTT handset and buzzer.
Point-to-point calls, where the call button rings the link partner CFQ-SD-IDU, are
supported on all I/O module versions. "Party-line" calls, where the call button rings all
nodes, is supported on the Gigabit Ethernet Master I/O (Q0GM6E01/Q0GMG201) and 42
x E1 Master I/O Module (Q0GM4201).
Voice Orderwire Interface
Standard Intended for point-to-point applications

Push-to-talk capability
Unbiased Microphone, 20 dB gain

Earpiece drive output power level up to140mW into
differentially connected load impedance of 8 Ohms.
Recommended handset: Walker part number PTS-K-6M-

EM-80 or PTS-K-6M-EM-95
Nortel Intended for party-line application

Biased microphone, 0 dB gain
Earpiece drive output power level up to140mW into
differentially connected load impedance of 8 Ohms.
Recommended interface: Nortel part number NTEU 49AA
2.7.9 System Loopbacks

The CFQ-SD-IDU provides system loopbacks as a means for test and verification of a
unit, link, and/or network. A variety of loopback points, including LIU selection, are
available, Loopback points and duration are easily selected through the Graphical User
Interface, for more information see the User Interface Guide. Loopback duration is also
selectable.
2.7.10 Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)

The SNR parameter corresponds to the measured signal to noise ratio by the digital
demodulator/decoder. This is the signal power per bit divided by the noise in dB. The
CFQ-SD-IDU computes this based on the computed channel error rate. The CFQ-SD-
IDU’s FEC decoder counts errors that it corrects, generating the channel error rate.
Based on the channel error rate the CFQ-SD-IDU computes the SNR, this is the
theoretical SNR corresponding to the channel error rate.
If no errors are received during the measurement interval, the channel error rate is zero
and the corresponding SNR is infinite. Therefore, the CFQ-SD-IDU places a ceiling of 25.5
dB on the displayed SNR. This limit corresponds to error free performance for all
modulation types.
Because the SNR computation includes effects of the channel, ODU, and IDU, such as
phase noise and compression, for modulation types such as 128-QAM, there may be an
effective performance ceiling of 22-25 dB. Therefore, even with very high RSL, the SNR
displayed will not show as 25.5 dB
CFQ-SD-IDU Bit Error Rate Thresholds

Notes:
1. Eb is defined as the energy per user payload + NMS bit.
2. The relation between Eb and overall Power is Power = Eb + 10Log (Data+NMS bit
rate)
3. The generic term "SNR" is used on CFQ-SD-IDU instead of Eb/N0
4. Noise (the "N" in "SNR") is not always white noise. It could be phase noise or other
channel/implementation effects such as multipath or compression.
Organization of error detection in CFQ-SD-IDU

The FEC decoder of CFQ-SD-IDU counts errors that it corrects, generating the channel
error rate. The CFQ-SD-IDU saves the channel symbols it receives before FEC decoding.
After the decoding, the data is re-encoded for comparison to the received data. If the
received data were error-free, there would be zero channel errors.
Channel error rate refers to errors in the raw data received by the CFQ-SD-IDU. This is
pre-FEC decoding. Bit Error Rate refers to the errors in the data the CFQ-SD-IDU
provides on the network interface. This would usually be zero. Because of the strong FEC
in the CFQ-SD-IDU, channel error rates may be on the order of 10E-3 or so, and still
provide zero bit errors on user data.
Because the CFQ-SD-IDU computes SNR based on channel error rate, it seems better to
display the SNR rather than a CER which may be mistaken for BER. Display of CER may
lead to confusion or misunderstanding.
BER is not displayed because BER is not really measurable. You have to know what data
was sent to measure the BER.
BER Monitoring
It is not possible to monitor BER without injecting known bit sequences into the payload.
BER can be inferred from the SNR. Refer to the table CFQ-SD-IDU Bit Error Rate
Thresholds above.

2.8 Application Examples
2.8.1 Gigabit Ethernet Link Aggregation Configuration
2.8.1.1 2+0 East/East Configuration

The CFQ-SD-IDU is capable of aggregating link bandwidth in 2+0 mode to achieve up to
300 Mbps Ethernet throughput when used with the Standard Modem/IF modules in
28MHz with 128-QAM capable ODUs, and up to 600 Mbps Ethernet throughput when used
with the Wideband modem/IF modules in 56MHz with 128-QAM capable ODUs. The 2+0
East/East configuration allows for the doubling of the throughputs. When configured for
2+0 East/East, the CFQ-SD-IDU balances the traffic between the two links based upon
the source and destination MAC addresses of the Ethernet packets. Sufficient diversity of
MAC addresses is required to achieve full utilization of the 2+0 East/East configuration.
In the event of a link failure, throughput will only be reduced by one-half, and traffic on
the failed link will be automatically re-routed to the remaining link.
2.8.1.2 4+0 East/East Configuration

In addition to aggregating two links, the CFQ-SD-IDU is capable of pairing with another
CFQ-SD-IDU to aggregate a total of four links to achieve a maximum throughput of 600
Mbps when used with Standard Modem/IF modules in 28MHz with 128-QAM capable
ODUs, and 1000 Mbps when used with Wideband Modem/IF modules in 56MHz with 128-
QAM capable ODUs. (see Figure 2.11).
As with 2+0 East/East, the CFQ-SD-IDU balances the traffic between the four links based
upon the source and destination MAC addresses of the Ethernet packets.
Sufficient diversity of MAC addresses is required to achieve full-utilization of the 4+0
East/East configuration.
In the event of a link failure, throughput will only be reduced by one-quarter, and traffic
on the failed link will be automatically re-routed to the remaining links.
Figure 2.11 4+0 East/East Configuration

2.8.2 Network Topologies
This section describes the use of SAF CFQ series products in various network topologies.
The CFQ-SD-IDU modes are presented in 7.4. (CFQ-SD-IDU Modes)
2.8.2.1 Up to 32E1 Trunk connected in chain
Add/Drop with Figure 2. (a) Repeater with Figure 2. (b) Add/Drop with Add/Drop with
• up to 16E1 with Q0G16E01 • up to 16E1 with Q0G16E11 • up to 16E1 with Q0G16E11 • up to 16E1 with Q0G16E01
• up to 32E1 with Q0G32E01 • up to 32E1 with Q0G32E11 • up to 32E1 with Q0G32E11 • up to 32E1 with Q0G32E01
Figure 2.12
The CFQ-SD-IDU crosspoint switch provides any-to-any E1 routing between front panel
ports and RF links. Flexible channel mapping allows selection from predefined routings or
custom routing. Custom routings are uploaded to the CFQ-SD-IDU via FTP. Two
examples of the crosspoint capability are using crosspoint switch to configure a repeater
or an add/drop. In the repeater example, 2.13 (a), the Crosspoint Switch is used as a
passthrough to send E1s from the east modem to the west modem. In the add/drop
example, 2.13 (b), the crosspoint switch connects E1s from the modems to the front-
panel ports.
(a) Repeater configuration (b) Add/Drop Example

Figure 2.13 Crosspoint switch allows access for add/drop.

2.8.2.2 Up to 64 E1 with STM-1 Mux/Demux connected in chain
Logical 32E1 48E1 64E1

connection
For example: For example: For example: For example: with Q0GESO01
• Add 32E1 with Q0GE2O01 • Add 16E1 with Q0GESO01 • Add 16E1 with Q0GES2O01 Drop 63E1 via STM-1 optical
and Drop 1E1 via RJ48C
Figure 2.14
The CFQ-SD-IDU provides the ability to demultiplex 63 x E1 PDH signals from the SDH
signal. The demultiplexed E1s are routed via the crosspoint switch to the east modem,
west modem, or front panel, as shown in 2.13 (c).
The STM-1 Mux/Demux feature requires an Enhanced Standard IO Module.
Using the East-West mode is possible to connect the CFQ-SD-IDU in chain and trunk up
to 64E1. Figure 2. (c) shows that it is possible to add/drop up to 64E1s. The STM-1 can
be with electrical or optical interface and equipped with additional 16E1 module:
Code Product Name For more configurations refer to chapter 2.10
CFQ (32E1, STM-1 Optical, 1+0 CFQ-SD-IDU
Q0GE2O01
Enhanced) + +
Q0GE2O11
Enhanced) + +
CFQ (32E1, STM-1 Electrical, 1+0 CFQ-SD-IDU
Q0GE2W01
Enhanced) + +
Q0GE2W11
Enhanced) + +
Q0GESO01
Enhanced) +
Q0GESO11
Enhanced) +
Q0GESW01
Enhanced) +
Q0GESW11
Enhanced) +
Product Code Q0GMOM01 Q0GMEM01 Q0GM6X01
STM-1 Optical STM-1 Electric 16E1 expansion
Product Name
Mini IO module Mini IO module IO module
Up to 64E1 = + +
Figure 2.13 (c) STM-1 Mux/Demux Capability

2.8.2.3 nxE1 + Ethernet connected in chain
Figure 2.15
Nr Logical Connection Capacity

1 nxE1 between PBX boxes Up to 64E1
2 Auxiliary: Voice & Data Orderwire 64Kbps + Voice
3 NMS: Building 1 -> Building2 0.5 – 10 Mbps
4 Ethernet: LAN 1 -> LAN 2 Up to 155 Mbps
Contents of Link
− Payload: E1 (2 – 64), STM-1, Ethernet (1-100Mbps)
− Auxiliary: Voice Orderwire, Data Orderwire
− NMS – Network Management System Traffic
− Radio overhead (e.g. Adaptive Power Control)
Point-to-Point
− Useful for Ethernet bridge, E1 extension, STM-1 extension.
− Both CFQ-SD-IDUs managed from the NOC via NMS.
Some CFQ-SD-IDU Modes:
Eth 1 Eth 2 Eth

ID Name Modulation #E1
Payload Payload NMS
1 2E1- Eth100-40 128QAM 2 100 40 1
11 10E1 and 60Eth 32QAM 10 60 0 0.5
29 11E1 and 68Eth 32QAM 11 68 0 4
71 Eth100-55 128QAM 0 100 55 0.5
76 8E1 - Eth100-38 128QAM 8 100 38 0.5
77 10E1 - Eth100-34 128QAM 10 100 34 0.5
78 12E1 - Eth100-30 128QAM 12 100 30 0.5
For additional configurations refer to chapter 7.4.

2.8.2.4 Converting chain to ring topology

A ring consists of three or more CFQ-SD-IDUs connected with the east modem of one
CFQ-SD-IDU connected to the west modem of the next CFQ-SD-IDU, forming a
continuous chain of CFQ-SD-IDUs as shown in 2.16.
Connecting Ethernet Traffic in Ring:
In ring architecture, Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) precludes formation of Ethernet loops.
Without STP, loops would flood a network with packets. STP prevents loops by creating
an artificial network break. In the event of a network outage, STP automatically removes
the artificial break, restoring connectivity.
Figure 2.16 Ring Switching
Instead of sending data in both directions around the ring, the ring is divided into two
parts – the active ring (in blue) and the protected ring (in red), see 2.17. During normal
operation, data only flows in a counter-clockwise direction around the ring.
Figure 2.17 Rx and Tx data traffic forms two traffic rings in the ring topology
Since all of the data is flowing in the active ring, the protection ring is idle. If one of the
links were to go down, however, the protection ring comes into service. The CFQ-SD-IDU
on the east side of the link outage automatically switches the data that was supposed to
go out on the east modem to go out the west modem. The data then circulates around
the ring until it reaches the other side of the break, where the CFQ-SD-IDU patches the
data back in, restoring the ring as in Figure 2.18.

Figure 2.18
2.8.2.5 1+1 CFQ-SD-IDU nxE1 + Eth connected in chain

Frequency Diversity mode: the link between each pair of modems is the same,
providing complete redundancy
This arrangement requires bandwidth for both links and non-interference between the
links, but it provides hitless receive and transmit switching
The CFQ-SD-IDU supports Frequency diversity: two frequencies are used
In either case, the proprietary framer chooses the best, or error-free, data stream
Space Diversity and HSB mode: One ODU at each location transmits to both ODUs at
the other location
Does not require the extra bandwidth or interference protection of diversity mode
Provides hitless receive switching and hot standby
CFQ-SD-IDU automatically switches transmit ODU upon appropriate ODU alarm or ODU
interface error, minimizing transmit outage time
The power supply, ODU, IF/telemetry and modem are protected
STM-1
Ethernet
Add/Drop Add/Drop
nxE1 Eth
Add/Drop nxE1 + Eth

Frequency • up to 64E1 Space diversity or
• 100 Mbps + up to 16E1
diversity Hot Stand-By
• up to 155 Mbps with 2xEth
Figure 2.19
2.8.2.6 2+0, 3+0, and 4+0 East/East for increased Ethernet capacity
2+0 East/East mode:
¾ Ethernet capacity up to 300 Mbit/s by using 2x28 MHz channels;
¾ Protected system, loss of a link only reduces bandwidth by 50%;
¾ IDU operates in 2+0 East/East mode;

Optional E1 Expansion IO module (Q0GM6X01) for E1 connectivity.
NxE1 NxE1
NMS GigE NMS GigE
Figure 2.20
3+0 East/East mode:

¾ Ethernet capacity up to 450 Mbit/s by using 3x28 MHz channels.
¾ Protected system, loss of a link only reduces bandwidth by 33%.
Master IDU has three ports in trunk and is operated in 2+0 E/E mode, while Slave IDU is
operated in 1+0 mode.
Slave trunk
NMS GigE NMS GigE
Master trunk
NMS GigE NMS GigE
Figure 2.21
4+0 East/East mode:

¾ Ethernet capacity up to 600 Mbit/s at 28 MHz by using 4x28 MHz channels.
¾ Protected system, loss of a link only reduces bandwidth by 25%.
Master IDU has three ports in trunk and is operated in 2+0 E/E mode, while Slave IDU is
operated in 2+0 mode.
NMS GigE Slave trunk NMS GigE
Master trunk
NMS GigE NMS GigE
Figure 2.22
Note:
For 3+0 or 4+0 E/E configuration, Master-Slave IDU must be connected via 4th port on
GigE module.

2.8.3 Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) keeps Ethernet loops from forming in a ring architecture.
Without STP, loops would flood a network with packets. STP prevents loops by creating
an artificial network break. In the event of a network outage, STP automatically removes
the artificial break, restoring connectivity.
2.8.4 1+1 Protection

With two modems and two power supplies installed, the CFQ-SD-IDU supports 1+1
protection in a single 1 RU chassis as an option for a critical link. The CFQ-SD-IDU
contains two power supplies and two modems. The power supply, ODU, IF telemetry and
modem are protected. The digital framing and LIUs are not. One modem is referred to as
the west modem and the other as the east modem. 1+1 protection can be run in two
modes called Protected Non-Diversity and Protected Diversity.
2.8.4.1 Protected Non-Diversity (Hot Standby)

Figure 2.23 shows operation in Protected Non-Diversity mode, also called Hot Standby.
In this mode, one ODU at each location transmits to two ODUs at the other location. This
mode does not require the extra bandwidth or interference protection. It provides hitless
receive switching and hot standby. The CFQ-SD-IDU automatically switches transmit
ODU upon appropriate ODU alarm or ODU interface error, minimizing transmit outage
time. The CFQ-SD-IDU supports couplers with asymmetric attenuation. The CFQ-SD-IDU
can be configured to automatically compensate for coupler loss during switching.
Figure 2.23 1+1 protection in a non-diversity mode
2.8.5 Protected Diversity

In Protected Diversity mode, the link between each pair of modems is the same, as
shown in Figure 2.24, providing complete redundancy. This arrangement requires
bandwidth for both links and non-interference between the links, but it provides hitless
receive and transmit switching. The CFQ-SD-IDU supports both frequency and spatial
diversity.
Figure 2.24 1+1 protection in diversity mode

2.8.5.1 Frequency Diversity

In frequency diversity, two frequencies are used to achieve non-interference. The
proprietary framer chooses the best, or error-free, data stream and forwards it to the
Line Interface Units (LIUs).
2.8.5.2 Spatial Diversity

In spatial diversity, two non-interfering paths are used. The proprietary framer chooses
the best, or error-free, data stream and forwards it to the Line Interface Units (LIUs).
2.8.5.3 Single Transmitter

Protected Non-Diversity, or Hot Standby, is also referred to as Single Transmitter Spatial
Diversity. For more information on this mode, see Section 2.8.5.1
2.8.5.4 Dual Transmitter

When using Dual Transmitter Spatial Diversity, two active transmitters are physically
isolated to avoid crosstalk.
2.8.6 1 + 1 Multi-hop Repeater Configuration

The Software Defined IDU supports a 1 + 1 multi-hop repeater configuration with
drop/insert capability as shown in Figure 2.25. This configuration provides individual 1 +
1 link protection as described in Section 2.8.4, as well as the full-scale protection
inherent in the consecutive point architecture as described in Section 2.6. At each
location within the network, data may be dropped or inserted. Front panel connections
for drop/insert capability are shown in Figure 2.26. In this configuration each CFQ-SD-
IDU contains two power supplies and two modems.
Figure 2.25 Multi-hop Repeater Configuration

Figure 2.26 Front Panel connections in a 1 + 1 multi-hop repeater configuration

2.9 Configuration Examples
This example demonstrates a configuration for mapping E1 ports across three sites
connected in chain.
E1 Port mapping
Site 1 Site 2 Site 3
E1,FP1 E1,W1 E1,FP1

E2,FP2 E2,W2 E2,FP2
E3,FP3 E3,W3 E3,FP3
E4,FP4 E4,W4 E4,FP4
E5,FP5 E5,FP5 E5,FP5

W5,FP1
W6,FP2
W7,FP3
W8,FP4
FP - Front port (physical interface). They are marked on the front panel of the CFQ interface board.
E - East port (logical) - represents east modem to which the E1 will be transmitted.
W - West port (logical) - represents west modem to which the E1 will be transmitted.
Syntax "E1, W1" means that the data will be retransmitted (repeated) from east modem to west
modem.
Note. W ports become active only if CFQ IDU has two modem/IF boards. The lower modem board in
CFQ IDU is always "East", the the upper - "West".

2.10 CFQ IDU Product/Module table

Product Code Q0GM6E01 Q0GMEG01 Q0GM8X01 Q0GMOM01 Q0GMEM01 Q0GM6X01 Q0GMG201 Q0GM4201 Q0GM2101 Q0GMCM01 Q0GMMD01 Q0GMPS01
Stand. IO GigE IO Expanded STM-1 STM-1 16E1 Expanded Master 42E1 21E1 Controller Modem/IF Power
module with module with IO module Optical Mini Electric Mini expansion GigE IO module expansion module module module
Product Name
16E1+Eth 2E1+ETH with IO module IO module IO module module IO module
Code 16E1+Eth W.2E1+Eth.
Q0G16E01 CFQ IDU (16E1, 1+0 CFQ-SD-IDU) « + + +
Q0G16E11 CFQ IDU (16E1, 1+1 CFQ-SD-IDU) « + ++ ++
Q0G32E01 CFQ IDU (32E1, 1+0 CFQ-SD-IDU) « « + + +
Q0G32E11 CFQ IDU (32E1, 1+1 CFQ-SD-IDU) « « + ++ ++
CFQ IDU (16E1, STM-1 Electrical, + + +

Q0GSDW01 « «
1+0 CFQ-SD-IDU)
CFQ IDU (16E1, STM-1 Electrical, + ++ ++
Q0GSDW11 « «
1+1 CFQ-SD-IDU)
CFQ IDU (16E1, STM-1 Optical, + + +
Q0GSDO01 « «
1+0 CFQ-SD-IDU)
CFQ IDU (16E1, STM-1 Optical, + ++ ++
Q0GSDO11 « «
1+1 CFQ-SD-IDU)
Q0GE2O01 « « «
1+0 CFQ-SD-IDU Enhanced)
Q0GE2O11 « « «
Q0GE2W01 « « «
Q0GE2W11 « « «
Q0GESO01 « «
Q0GESO11 « «
Q0GESW01 « «
Q0GESW11 « «
CFQ IDU (2E1,GigE, 1+0 CFQ-SD- + + +
Q0GG0201 «
IDU)

Product Code Q0GM6E01 Q0GMEG01 Q0GM8X01 Q0GMOM01 Q0GMEM01 Q0GM6X01 Q0GMG201 Q0GM4201 Q0GM2101 Q0GMCM01 Q0GMMD01 Q0GMPS01
Stand. IO GigE IO Expanded STM-1 STM-1 16E1 Expanded Master 42E1 21E1 Controller Modem/IF Power
module with module with IO module Optical Mini Electric Mini expansion GigE IO module expansion module module module
Product Name
16E1+Eth 2E1+ETH with IO module IO module IO module module IO module
Code 16E1+Eth W.2E1+Eth.
CFQ IDU (2E1,GigE, 1+1 CFQ-SD- + ++ ++
Q0GG0211 «
IDU)
CFQ IDU (18E1,GigE, 1+0 CFQ- + + +
Q0GG1801 « «
SD-IDU)
CFQ IDU (18E1,GigE, 1+1 CFQ- + ++ ++
Q0GG1811 « «
SD-IDU)
CFQ IDU (2E1+GigE, STM-1 + + +
Q0GGSO01 « «
Optical, 1+0 CFQ-SD-IDU)
CFQ IDU (2E1+GigE, STM-1 + ++ ++
Q0GGSO11 « «
Optical, 1+1 CFQ-SD-IDU)
CFQ IDU (2E1+GigE, STM-1 + + +
Q0GGSW01 « «
Electrical, 1+0,CFQ-SD-IDU)
CFQ IDU (2E1+GigE, STM-1 + ++ ++
Q0GGSW11 « «
Electrical, 1+1 CFQ-SD-IDU)
CFQ IDU (16E1, 1+0 CFQ-SD-IDU, + + +
Q0GE1601B +
100)
CFQ IDU (16E1, 1+0 CFQ-SD-IDU, + ++ ++
Q0GE1601A +
50)
Q0GE1611B +
100)
Q0GE1611A +
50)
Q0G32E01B + +
100)
Q0G32E11B + +
100)
Q0G42E01 CFQ IDU (42E1, 1+0 CFQ-SD-IDU) + + + +
Q0G42E11 CFQ IDU (42E1, 1+1 CFQ-SD-IDU) + + ++ ++
Q0G64E01 CFQ IDU (64E1, 1+0 CFQ-SD-IDU) + + + + +
Q0G64E11 CFQ IDU (64E1, 1+1 CFQ-SD-IDU) + + + ++ ++
All 1+0 IDUs have 1x Controller module, 1x Modem/IF module, 1x Power supply module
All 1+1 IDUs have 1x Controller module, 2x Modem/IF module, 2x Power supply module

2.11 Power Management

RF power management is a radio design feature that controls the power level (typically
expressed in dBm) of the RF signal received from a transmitter by a receiver. The
traditional goal of power management is to ensure that the RF signal at a receiver is
strong enough to maintain the radio link under changing weather and link conditions.
Traditional power management techniques such as Constant Transmit Power Control
(CTPC) and Automatic Transmit Power Control (ATPC) transmit at a high power level to
overcome the effects of fading and interference. However, these techniques continue to
operate at a higher power level than needed to maintain the link in clear weather.
Because transmit power remains high when the weather clears, the level of system
interference increases.
Radios operating at high transmit power will interfere with other radios, even if the
interfering source is miles away from the victim. High interference levels can degrade
signal quality to the point that wireless radio links become unreliable and network
availability suffers. The traditional solution to system interference is to increase the
distance between radios. However, the resulting sparse deployment model is
inappropriate for metropolitan areas.
In response to the need for a high-density deployment model the CFQ use a unique
power control technique called AdTPC. AdTPC enables CFQ units to transmit at the
minimum power level necessary to maintain a link regardless of the prevailing weather
and interference conditions. The CFQ is designed and manufactured to not exceed the
+30 dBm maximum power allowed. The purpose of power management is to minimize
transmit power level when lower power levels are sufficient. AdTPC also extends the
concept of power management by controlling not only the power (dBm) of the RF signal,
but its quality (signal-to-noise ratio) as well.
In contrast to ATPC, the AdTPC technique dynamically adjusts the output power based on
both the actual strength and quality of the signal. Networked CFQ units constantly
monitor receive power and maintain 10-12 BER performance under varying interference
and climate conditions. Each CFQ unit can detect when there is a degradation in the
received signal level of quality and adjust the transmit power level of the far-end CFQ
unit to correct for it.
AdTPC provides maximum power in periods of heavy interference and fading and
minimum power when conditions are clear. Minimal transmit power reduces potential for
co-channel and adjacent channel interference with other RF devices in the service area,
thereby ensuring maximum frequency re-use. The resulting benefit is that operators are
able to deploy more CFQ units in a smaller area.
2.12 Network Management

All of the CFQ Digital Radio parameters are accessible in three ways:
1. Using a standard web-browser via HTTP top access the built in webserver.
2. Via SNMP using the fully featured MIB, allowing for automation of data collection
and network management.
3. Via a command line client accessible from a terminal client connected to the serial
port, or telnet over the NMS Ethernet.
Control of the CFQ digital radio family is supported as follows:
• PC-based Graphical User Interface.
• Other Network Management options, - consult factory for update to this manual
for detailed information and usage of NMS.

2.13 ODU data

2.13.1 Feature Summary
• 128-QAM modulation.
• Radio loop mode to test the active components in the radio.
• N-type socket for connection to the IDU.
• RSSI port for antenna alignment.
• Grounding screw and mounting screws.
2.13.2 Narrowband ODU Specification summary

See the next page:
2.13.3 Wideband ODU Specification Summary

See page 51.

ODU model CFQ-6 CFQ-7 CFQ-8 CFQ-11 CFQ-13 CFQ-15 CFQ-18 CFQ-23 CFQ-38
Capacity (max) SDH: STM-1

PDH: up to 155 Mbps, 63E1
Channel 7, 14, 28 7, 14, 28 7, 14, 28 3.5, 7, 10, 7, 14, 28 7, 14, 28 7, 13.75, 7, 14, 28 7, 14, 28
bandwidth MHz MHz MHz 13.75, 14, MHz MHz 27.5 MHz MHz MHz
20, 27.5,
28, 30 MHz
Modulation QPSK, 16/32/128-QAM
Performance Performance parameters correspond to recommendations ETSI EN 301 129 V1.1.2 (1999-05), EN 301 126 V1.1.2, EN
301 390 V1.2.1, EN 302 217-2-1 V1.1.3, EN 302 217-2-2 V1.1.3
Frequency
+/- 7 +/- 10 +/- 7 +/- 2.5 +/- 10 +/- 10 +/- 10 +/- 10 +/- 10
stability (ppm)
Background
<10-12
BER
TX
Output power -5 … +27 +9 … +30 -5 … +22 0 ... 28 +5 … +28 +5 … +27 +3 … +22 0 … +22 -1 … +20
dynamic range dBm (SP) dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm
-5 … +32 -5 … +27 +5 ... +33
dBm (HP) dBm dBm
Output power
± 2 dB ± 2 dB ± 2 dB ± 2 dB ± 2 dB ± 2 dB ± 2 dB ± 2 dB ± 2 dB
accuracy
Output power
0.5 dB 0.1 dB 0.5 dB 0.5 dB 0.1 dB 0.1 dB 0.1 dB 0.1 dB 0.1 dB
increments
Guaranteed 27 dBm (SP) 30 dBm 27 dBm (SP) 27 dBm (SP) 28 dBm 27 dBm 22 dBm 22 dBm 20 dBm
max Power
32 dBm (HP) 32 dBm (HP) 32 dBm (HP)
(QPSK)

Transmitter 32
power,
QPSK 27 30 27 32 27 32 28 27 22 22 20
(HP)
Normal/ QAM16 24 29 27 24 29 24 29 25 24 19.5 19 17
Maximum QAM32 24 29 24 24 29 24 29 23 21 18 17 15
dBm
QAM128 22 27 24 22 27 21 26 22 21 18 16 14
Spurious emissions CEPT 74-01E
RX
RSL meter -90 … -20 -90 … -20 -90 … -20 -90 … -20 -90 … -20 -90 … -20 -90 … -20 -90 … -20 -90 … -20
dynamic range dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm
RSL meter ± 5 dB ± 5 dB ± 5 dB ± 2 dB ± 5 dB ± 5 dB ± 5 dB ± 5 dB ± 5 dB
accuracy
Max allowed 10 dBm
RSL at antenna
port
RX QPSK -88 -87 -88 -86 -86 -86 -87 -86 -88 -85 -87 -85 -85 -84 -85 -83 -84 -82
Thresholds
Typical/ QAM16 -83 -82 -79 -78 -81 -81 -82 -81 -79 -77 -78 -77 -78 -76 -77 -75 -75 -74
Guaranteed QAM32 -79 -78 -76 -75 -77 -77 -78 -77 -76 -74 -77 -74 -75 -73 -74 -72 -72 -71
10-6 BER,
dB QAM128 -71 -69 -70 -69 -68 -68 -70 -68 -70 -68 -69 -68 -69 -67 -66 -66 -66 -65
Ports
Flange UDR70 UBR84 UBR84 UDR100 UBR140 UBR140 UBR220 UBR220 UBR320
IF port For 50 Ohm coaxial, female type N connector

RSL port RSL=33.33 Output RSL=33.33 RSL=33.33 Output Output Output Output Output
voltage vs voltage voltage vs voltage vs voltage vs voltage vs
*V_BNC-110 *V_BNC-110 *V_BNC-110
RSL: 0 … 5V RSL: RSL: RSL: RSL:
vs RSL:
vs
0 … 5V vs 0 … 5V vs 0 … 5V vs 0 … 5V vs 0 … 5V vs
-70…-20dBm
-70 …-20 -70 …-20 -70 …-20 -70 …-20 -70 …-20
dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm
Environmental requirements
Stationary use Ref ETS 300 019-2-4, class 4.1E Non Weather-protected locations.
Temperature -33°C -33°C -45ºC -33°C -45ºC -45ºC -45ºC -45ºC -45ºC
range …+55°C …+55°C …+55ºC …+55°C …+55ºC …+55ºC …+55ºC …+55ºC …+55ºC
-50°C -50°C -50°C
...+55°C ...+55°C ...+55°C
Storage Ref ETS 300 019-2-1, class 1.2 Weather-protected, not temperature-controlled storage locations. Temperature range = -25ºC
… +55ºC.
Transportation Ref ETS 300 019-2-2, class 2.3 Public transportation. Temperature range = -45ºC … +70ºC.
Mechanical data
Weight: 3.95 kg 3.8 kg 3.95 kg 4 kg 3.8 kg 3.8 kg 3.8 kg 3.8 kg 3.8 kg

Dimensions: ∅ 280 x 120 mm
DC Power
Max power 25 W (SP) 42 W 25 W (SP) 25W (SP) 38 W 25W 24 W 25 W* 29 W

(ODU only) 35 W (HP) 35 W (HP) 35W (HP)

CFQ channel plan summary

Duplex Frequency range*
Model Subbands Reference
spacing Tx (Rx) Rx (Tx)
5935.25 - 6103.33 6187.36 - 6355.37 A,B FCC 101.147 (5925 – 6425)
252.04
CFQ-6 5945.20 - 6152.75 6197.24 - 6404.79 A,B ERC/REC 14-01E
340 6440 - 6740 6780 - 7080 A,B ERC/REC 14-02 E (6430 – 7110); ITU-R F.384-8 (6430 – 7110)
7142 - 7254 7296 - 7408 A,B,C ERC/REC/(02)06 annex 1 (7125-7425 MHz)
154
7442 - 7554 7596 - 7708 A,B,C ERC/REC/(02)06 annex 1 (7425-7725 MHz)
161 7138.5 - 7375.5 7299.5 - 7536.5 A,B,C Rec.ITU-R F.385-7
CFQ-7 7121 - 7233 7289 - 7401 A,B,C FICORA Channel grid 7.3 GHz
168 7428 - 7540 7596 - 7708 A,B,C FICORA Channel grid 7.6 GHz
7457 - 7569 7625 - 7737 A,B,C Rec.ITU-R F.385-7 annex 3 (7110-7750 MHz)
196 7121 - 7233 7317 - 7429 A,B Rec.ITU-R F.385-7 annex 3 (7110-7750 MHz)
266 7912 - 8129 8178 - 8395 A,B ITU-R F.386-6 annex 4 (7900-8400)
CFQ-8 310 7906.75 - 8183.25 8216.75 - 8493.25 A,B CEPT/ERC/REC 02-06 (7900-8500)
311.32 7747.7 - 7955.25 8059.02 - 8266.57 A,B ITU-R F.386-6 annex 1 (7725 – 8275)
490 10722.5 - 11187.5 11212.5 - 11677.5 A,B FCC Part 101(10-1-05 Edition)(10.7-11.7 GHz)
CFQ-11
530 10704.5 - 11165.5 11234.5 - 11695.5 A,B Rec.ITU-R F.387-9; CEPT/ERC/REC 12-06 E (10.7-11.7 GHz)
CFQ-13 266 12765 - 12961 13031 - 13227 A,B Rec.ITU-R F.497-6; CEPT/ERC/REC 12-02 E annex A (12.75-13.25 GHz)
420 14515 - 14907 14935 - 15327 A,B Rec.ITU-R F.636-3 (14.5-15.35 GHz)
CFQ-15 490 14417 - 14837 14907 - 15327 A,B Rec.ITU-R F.636-3 (14.4-15.35 GHz)
728 14515 - 14599 15243 - 15327 CEPT/ERC Rec.12-07 E (Rome 1996) (14.5-15.35 GHz)
1010 17727.5 - 18662.5 18737.5 - 19672.5 A,B Rec.ITU-R F.595-7 (17.7-19.7 GHz)
CFQ-18
1560 17727.5 - 18112.5 19287.5 - 19672.5 Brazil rule 15/1996
1200 21205 - 22395 22405 - 23595 FCC Part 101 (10-1-05 Edition), 21.2 GHz - 23.6 GHz
CFQ-23**
1232 21227.5 - 22200.5 22459.5 - 23432.5 Rec. ITU-R F.637-3 annex 1 (21.2 - 23.6 GHz) Argentina rec. 637-3 (21.2 - 23.6 GHz)
CFQ-38 1260 37072 - 38164 38332 - 39424 A,B Rec.ITU-R F.749-2 annex 1 (37.0-39.5 GHz)

* Frequency range for channel center with channel bandwidth 7 MHz, 14 MHz or 28MHz
** Under development.

ODU model CFQ-6- CFQ-8- CFQ-26- CFQ-38-

CFQ-6-WB CFQ-7-WB CFQ-8-WB CFQ-11-WB CFQ-13-WB CFQ-15-WB CFQ-18-WB CFQ-23-WB
WBHP WBHP WB WBHP
Capacity (max) Up to 2xSTM-1 (310 Mb)
Channel bandwidth 10, 13.75, 14, 20, 27.5, 28, 30, 40, 56 MHz according to specific channel plan
Modulation QPSK, 16/32/128-QAM
Performance
Frequency +/- 7 +/- 7 +/- 7 +/- 7 +/- 7 +/- 2.5 +/- 7 +/- 7 +/- 7 +/- 7 +/- 7 +/- 7
stability (ppm)
Background <10-12
BER
TX
Output power 0 ...+27 +5 …+32 0 …+27 0 …+27 +5 …+32 0 …+26 -5 …+25 -5 …+25 -5 …+23 -5 …+22 -5 …+23 0 …+20
dynamic range (dBm)
Output power ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2
Accuracy (dB)
Output power 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
increments (dB)
Max Power Class 2 Mask +27 +32 +27 +27 +32 +26 +25 +25 +23 +22 +23 +21
(QPSK) (dBm)
Max Power Class 4 Mask +24 +29 +24 +24 +29 +23 +22 +22 +21 +19 +20 +18
(16/32 QAM) (dBm)
Max Power Class 5B Mask +22 +27 +22 +22 +27 +21 +20 +20 +19 +17 +18 +16
(128 QAM) (dBm)
Spurious CEPT 74-01E

emissions
RX
RSL meter dynamic range -90 ...-20 -90 ...-20 -90 ...-20 -90 ...-20 -90 ...-20 -90 ...-20 -90 ...-20 -90 ...-20 -90 ...-20 -90 ...-20 -90 ...-20 -90 ...-20
(dBm)
RSL meter accuracy ± 5 dB
Max operating 20 dBm

RSL at antenna port
(128 QAM)
Received QPSK -84 -84 -84 -84 -84 -84 -83 -83 -82 -82 -82 -82
thresholds
dBm QAM16 -79 -79 -79 -79 -79 -79 -78 -78 -77 -77 -77 -77
(guaranteed)
QAM32 -75 -75 -75 -75 -75 -75 -74 -74 -73 -73 -73 -73
10-6 BER, at
28 MHz QAM128 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -66 -66 -65 -65 -67 -65
Ports
Flange UDR70 UDR70 UDR70 UBR84 UBR84 UDR100 UDR140 UDR140 UBR220 UBR220 UDR260 UDR320
IF port For 50 Ohm coaxial, female type N connector
RSL port RSL=33.33*V_BNC-110
Environmental requirements
Stationary use Ref ETSI EN 300 019-2-4, class 4.1E Non Weather-protected locations.
Temperature range -33°C … +55°C
Storage Ref ETS 300 019-2-1, class 1.2 Weather-protected, not temperature-controlled storage locations. Temperature range = -25ºC …+55ºC.
Transportation Ref ETS 300 019-2-2, class 2.3 Public transportation. Temperature range = -45ºC … +70ºC.
Mechanical data
Weight (kg): 3.95 3.95 3.95 3.95 3.95 4 3.95 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8
Dimensions: ∅ 280 x 120 mm
DC power distribution
Max power 25 W 35 W 25 W 25 W 35 W 25 W 25 W 25 W 25 W 25 W 25 W 25 W
(ODU only):
Channel Plan Summary for Wideband ODU in progress.

2.13.4 CFQ-FI Full Indoor Unit

The CFQ-FI Full Indoor Unit provides a flexible and cost effective solution to System
Integrators for SDH radio systems; operating from 6 to 8 GHz, the CFQ-FI family is your
solution for fast time to market, highest performances and reliability. CFQ-FI is a SW
configurable Unit for Full Indoor system available in 1+0 and 1+1 Space and Polarization
Diversity. Custom solutions for 1+1 Hot Stand-by and Frequency diversity are available
on application.
The advanced features and enhanced capabilities of the CFQ-FI make it the ideal solution
for Radio Links from Super PDH to 2xSTM-1 and Gigabit Ethernet, from QPSK to 128
QAM and from 10 to 56 MHz channel BW.
CFQ Full Indoor Unit
2.13.4.1 Features
- High linearity allows high order modulation scheme
- High Output Power
- Low current consumption
- Very low Phase Noise
- Superior reliability- High MTBF
- Fully calibrated over the temperature range
2.13.4.2 Options
- Custom Branchings for 1+1 HSB and FD
- SW selectable BW
- Customer specific IDU Interface
- Customized IF Frequency/Telemetry interface
2.13.4.3 Frequency specific Parameters

Frequency Standards Operating Tx Power Output Noise
Figure
Frequency
Class 1,2 Class 4 Class 5B
( GHz )
(QPSK, 4 (16/32 QAM) (128 QAM)
QAM)
6 GHz ETSI/FCC 5.90 to 6.40
7 GHz ETSI 7.10 to 7.70 36 dBm 33 dBm 30 dBm <4 dB
8 GHz ETSI 7.70 to 8.50

2.13.4.4 Specifications
Tx IF interface 350 MHz, -5 to –33 dBm
Rx IF Interface 140 MHz, -12 +/-2 dB over the AGC Range
Telemetry Interface Customer specific
Power control Range >25 dB
Power setting resolution 0.5 dB
Power setting accuracy 2 dB
Rx AGC Range -20 to –90 dBm
Rx output IMD3 -30 dBc @-15 dBm input
SSB Tx/Rx Phase Noise 6 – 7 - 8GHz
dBc@10KHz -82
dBc@100KHz -103
dBc@1MHz -123
Synthesizer Step 0.25 MHz
Frequency Stability 2.5 ppm
Radio ETSI EN 302 217, EN 301 216, EN 301 128, EN 300 198
Power Supply ETSI EN 300 132-2
Standards Compliance
EMC / Safety ETSI EN 301 489 / IEC EN 60950
2.13.4.5 Mechanical / Environmental

Dimensions 19” Rack 6U 482mm x 266mm x 126mm
Weight 8.5 Kg
Operating Temperature -5° to +45°C
Altitude Up to 4500 meters
Humidity 0 to 95% non-condensing
Power Input -48V DC (-36V to –62V DC)
Power Consumption < 55 watts (for each T/R)
Cooling Natural convection
IF/Telemetry Interface N-type female
Antenna Interface 6 GHz 7/8 GHz
UDR70 (CPR137) UDR84
Standards Compliance ETSI ETS 300 019

2.14 CFQ-SD-IDU and Network Management

All of the CFQ-SD-IDU parameters are accessible in three ways:
1. Using a standard web-browser via HTTP to access the built in webserver.
2. Via SNMP using the fully featured MIB, allowing for automation of data collection and
network management.
3. Via a command line client accessible from a terminal client connected to the serial
port, or telnet over the NMS Ethernet.
The GUI (HTTP), SNMP, and CLI interfaces are discussed in detail in the
Software Defined IDU User Interface Manual. (For GUI application refer to Chapter 3.7)
2.14.1 IP Address
Each CFQ-SD-IDU is configured independently for network parameters such as IP
address, subnet, and gateway. However, the CFQ-SD-IDU also supports acting as a
DHCP client, in which case the IP address can be assigned to the CFQ-SD-IDU using a
DHCP server. A specific IP address may be associated with a particular CFQ-SD-IDU by
configuring the DHCP server to serve IP addresses based upon the CFQ-SD-IDU Ethernet
MAC address.
2.14.2 Network
The CFQ-SD-IDU uses an "Out-of-Band" NMS network which is separated from the
payload Ethernet network. Each CFQ-SD-IDU contains a managed Layer 2 Ethernet
switch that supports Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) for managing NMS traffic. This allows
the CFQ-SD-IDU to be configured in a protected ring configuration where the STP will
prevent an Ethernet loop in the ring. This will also allow the ring to reconfigure in the
event of an outage. The CFQ-SD-IDU acts as a network bridge via the Ethernet switch
and STP. The CFQ-SD-IDU supports a 4096 entry LAN table with an aging time of 300ms
on both NMS and payload. The CFQ-SD-IDU does not currently support NMS routing
capability.
2.14.3 NMS Network Operational Principles

The CFQ-SD-IDU does not provide routing capability. Therefore, all CFQ-SD-IDUs must
be on the same subnet as the PC being used to access the CFQ-SD-IDUs. If the CFQ-SD-
IDUs and/or the PC are on different subnets, a router must be used, with the gateway
addresses set appropriately. Figure 2.27 shows the PC and both CFQ-SD-IDUs in the
same subnet. In this case, no router is required. Figure 2.28 shows the PC and one of the
CFQ-SD-IDUs in one subnet and the other CFQ-SD-IDU in another. In this case, a router
is required. Note how the GW addresses are set to allow communication from the PC to
the CFQ-SD-IDU in the other subnet.
Figure 2.27 PC and CFQ-SD-IDUs on same subnet

Figure 2.28 CFQ-SD-IDUs on different subnets
2.14.4 Third Party Network Management Software Support

The CFQ-SD-IDU supports SNMPv1, SNMPv2, and SNMPv3 protocols for use with third
party network management software. The SNMP agent will send SNMP traps to specified
IP addresses when an alarm is set or cleared. Information contained in the trap includes:
IP address
System uptime
System time
Alarm name
Alarm set/clear detail
The CFQ-SD-IDU may also be managed via HTTP, TELNET, and SSH protocols.

3 Installation
3.1 Unpacking
The following is a list of all included items.
Description Quantity
Digital Radio CFQ-SD-IDU (1RU chassis) 1
ODU (with hardware) 1
Manual (or Soft copy on a CD) 1
Test Data Sheet (customer documentation) 1
Package dimensions:
Package Dimensions, H x W x D,
mm
CFQ-SD-IDU package 107 x 352 x 568
ODU package 140 x 320 x 350
Transportation package 320 x 380 x 640
CFQ ODU CFQ-SD-IDU
Figure 3.1. CFQ Digital Radio Components

Be sure to retain the original boxes and packing material in case of return shipping.
Inspect all items for damage and/or loose parts. Contact the shipping company
immediately if anything appears damaged. If any of the listed parts are missing, call the
distributor or the factory immediately to resolve the problem.
3.2 Notices
CAUTION
DO NOT OPERATE UNITS WITHOUT AN ANTENNA, ATTENUATOR, OR LOAD CONNECTED
TO THE ANTENNA PORT. DAMAGE MAY OCCUR TO THE TRANSMITTER DUE TO
EXCESSIVE REFLECTED RF ENERGY.
ALWAYS ATTENUATE THE SIGNAL INTO THE RECEIVER ANTENNA PORT TO LESS THAN –
20 dBm. THIS WILL PREVENT OVERLOAD AND POSSIBLE DAMAGE TO THE RECEIVER
MODULE.

WARNING
HIGH VOLTAGE IS PRESENT INSIDE THE ODU and CFQ-SD-IDU WHEN THE UNIT
IS PLUGGED IN. TO PREVENT ELECTRICAL SHOCK, UNPLUG THE POWER CABLE
BEFORE SERVICING. UNIT SHOULD BE SERVICED BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL
ONLY.
3.3 PRE-INSTALLATION NOTES

It may be useful to gain familiarity with the CFQ Digital Radio via back-to-back bench
testing prior to final installation. We highly recommend installation of lightning protectors
on the ODU/IDU Interconnect Cable to prevent line surges from damaging expensive
components.
The equipment shall only be installed in restricted location.
3.3.1 Back-to-Back Bench Testing

Back-to-back bench testing prior to final installation is highly recommended in order to
gain familiarity with the product. The following additional equipment is required for back-
to-back testing:
• Low-loss cables, N-male connectors on ODU interfaces.
• Four Inline RF attenuators, 40 dB each (or replace two with single 80 dB attenuator),
rated for ODU frequency.
The CFQ-SD-IDU and ODUs must be configured in an operational configuration and set-
up as shown in Figure 3.2. When equipment is connected in operational configuration,
no errors should be reported on the front panel.
Ant. Port Ant. Port

ODU - 1 - 40 dB - 40 dB ODU - 2
To IDU
CFQ-SD IDU - 1 CFQ-SD IDU - 2
Figure 3.2. CFQ Digital Radio Back-to-Back Testing Configuration
3.4 Overview of Installation and Testing Process

The installation and testing process is accomplished by performing a series of separate,
yet interrelated, procedures, each of which is required for the successful implementation
of a production of CFQ Digital Radio network. These procedures are as follows:
• Site Evaluation: gathering specific information about potential Digital Radio
installation sites.
• Cable and Installation: Testing and installing CFQ ODU cables and optional interface
devices at installation sites.
• CFQ ODU Mounting and Alignment: Mounting ODUs to a pole or wall, performing link
alignment and radio frequency (RF) verification.
• CFQ Digital Radio Configuration: Using Link Manager software to install network- and
site-specific parameters in the radios.

• CFQ Digital Radio Testing: Performing cable continuity checks and RF tests for links,
the payload/radio overhead channel, and the management channel.
The following diagram shows where installation and commissioning resides within the
CFQ Digital Radio network deployment life cycle and defines the sequence in which the
processes that comprise installation and commissioning should be performed.
3.5 Site Evaluation

A site evaluation consists of a series of procedures for gathering specific information
about potential CFQ Digital Radio locations. This information is critical to the successful
design and deployment of a network.
Site evaluations are required to confirm whether or not a building meets network design
requirements. The main objectives are as follows:
• Confirm
• Line of sight for each link
• CFQ Digital Radio ODU mounting locations
• Site equipment locations

• Cable routes
• Any other potential RF sources
• Prepare site drawings and record site information
3.5.1 Preparing for a Site Evaluation

The following tools are required to perform a site evaluation:
• RF and network design diagrams (as required)
• Binoculars
• Global positioning system (GPS) or range finder
• Compass
• Measuring tape and/or wheel
• Digital camera
• Area map
• Aerial photograph (if available)
• List of potential installation sites (“targeted buildings”)
The following tasks must be completed prior to performing a site evaluation:
• Prepare the initial network design by performing the following:
• Identify potential buildings by identifying targeted customers (applicable if you’re
a service provider)
• Identify potential links by selecting buildings based on the high probability of line
of sight
• Arrange for access with the facility personnel into the buildings, equipment rooms,
and architectural plans to become familiar with the location of all ducts, risers, etc.
3.5.2 Site Evaluation Process

The following steps must be completed to perform a successful site evaluation. Each
step in the process is detailed in the following subparagraphs:
• Ensure RF Safety compliance: Ensure that appropriate warning signs are properly
placed and posted at the equipment site or access entry. For a complete list of
warnings, refer the Safety Precautions listed at the beginning of this manual.
• Ensure Compliance with Laws, Regulations, Codes, and Agreements: Ensure that any
installation performed as a result of the site evaluation is in full compliance with
applicable federal and local laws, regulations, electrical codes, building codes, and fire
codes.
• Establish Line of Sight between CFQ Digital Radios: The most critical step in
conducting a site evaluation is confirming clear Line of Sight (LOS) between
a near CFQ Digital Radio and a far CFQ Digital Radio. If LOS does not exist,
another location must be used.
CFQ Radios in a link must have a clear view of each other, or “line of sight”.
Binoculars may be used to evaluate the path from the desired location of the near
Radio to the desired location of the far Radio.
To confirm Line of Sight:
• Ensure that no obstructions are close to the transmitting/receiving path. Take
into consideration trees, bridges, construction of new buildings, unexpected aerial
traffic, window washing units, etc.
• Ensure that each ODU can be mounted in the position required to correctly align
the ODU with its link partner.
CFQ Radios must also have a clear radio line of sight. If a hard object, such as a
mountain ridge or building, is too close to the signal path, it can damage the radio signal
or reduce its strength. This happens even though the obstacle does not obscure the
direct, visual line of sight. The Fresnel zone for a radio beam is an elliptical area
immediately surrounding the visual path. It varies in thickness depending on the length
of the signal path and the frequency of the signal. The necessary clearance for the
Fresnel zone can be calculated, and it must be taken into account when designing a
wireless links.
As shown in the picture above, when a hard object protrudes into the signal path within
the Fresnel zone, knife-edge diffraction can deflect part of the signal and cause it to
reach the receiving antenna slightly later than the direct signal. Since these deflected
signals are out of phase with the direct signal, they can reduce its power or cancel it out
altogether. If trees or other 'soft' objects protrude into the Fresnel zone, they can
attenuate (reduced the strength of) a passing signal. In short, the fact that you can see a
location does not mean that you can establish a quality radio link to that location.
Consult factory for a link planner spreadsheet that calculates the Fresnel ratio and helps
determine link feasibility.
• Determine CFQ ODU Mounting Requirements: CFQ ODUs can be mounted on an
antenna mast, brick, masonry or wall. Refer to detailed installation sections specific
for each ODU and antenna type.
• Determine CFQ-SD-IDU Installation Location: CFQ-SD-IDUs can be installed tabletop
or cabinet, wall mount, or rack mount. The site must provide DC power. Refer to
detailed installation sections.
• Document Potential Sources of Colocation Interference: When CFQ ODUs are located
on a roof or pole with other transmitters and receivers, an interference analysis may
be required to determine and resolve potential interference issues. The interference
analysis needs to be performed by an RF engineer. The specific information required
for each transmitter and receiver includes the following:
- Transmitting and/or receiving frequency
- Type of antenna
- Distance from CFQ ODU (horizontal and vertical)
- Polarity (horizontal or vertical)
- Transmit power level
- Antenna direction
• Measure the Link Distance: The two ways to measure link distance are as follows:
- GPS: record the latitude and longitude for the near and far CFQ ODU sites and
calculate the link distance. Record the mapping datum used by the GPS unit and
ensure the same mapping datum is used for all site evaluations in a given
network.
- Range finder: measure the link distance (imperial or metric units may be used).
Once the link distance has been measured, verify that the link distance meets the
availability requirements of the link.

• Select the Grounding Location for both the CFQ ODU and CFQ-SD-IDU: The CFQ
Digital Radio must be properly grounded in order to protect it and the structure it is
installed on from lightning damage. This requires
- Grounding all ODUs as specified by supplier
- Grounding all CFQ-SD-IDU to the rack.
• Determine the Length of Interconnect Cable from ODU to CFQ-SD-IDU: The primary
consideration for the outdoor interconnect cable from the ODU to IDU is the distance
and route between the ODU and IDU. This cable should not exceed 100 meters using
Times Microwave LMR-200 cable. Longer lengths and distances are possible, but
require higher quality cable, as illustrated in the table below.
Table 3-1 Maximum cable lengths
Loss at (dB/100 m)
Cable Type 140 MHz 350 MHz Maximum Length*

LMR-200 12.6 20.1 100 m
LMR-300 7.6 12.1 165 m
LMR-400 4.9 7.8 256 m
RG-214 8 13.1 153 m
Belden 7808 8.6 14 143 m
*Does not account for connector loss.
Select the Grounding Location for both the ODU and CFQ-SD-IDU: The CFQ-SD-IDU must
be properly grounded in order to protect it and the structure it is installed on from
lightning damage. This requires:
– Grounding all ODUs as specified by supplier
– Grounding all CFQ-SD-IDU to the rack.
• Confirm the Presence of DC Power for the CFQ equipment.
• Ensure Building Aesthetics: Ensure that the ODU can be mounted so that it is
aesthetically pleasing to the environment and to the property owner. Aesthetics must
be approved by the property owner and the network engineer.
• Take Site Photographs
• Sketch the Site
3.5.3 Critical System Calculations

3.5.3.1 Received Signal Level (RSL) and Link Budget
The received signal level (RSL) can be estimated using the following formula:
RSL (dBm) = PTX + GTX ANT – LPath + GRX ANT
Where: PTX is the transmitter output power (in dBm)
GTX ANT is the gain of the transmit antenna (in dB)
GRX ANT is the gain of the receive antenna (in dB)
LPath is the Path loss, defined by:
LP (dB) = 36.6 + 20log10(F*D)
Where: F is the Frequency in MHz, D is the Distance of path in miles
This link budget is very important in determining any potential problems during
installation. The expected RSL and measured RSL should be close (+/- 5 to 10 dB).
3.5.3.2 Fade Margin Calculation
The fade margin is the difference between the actual received signal and the CFQ Digital
Radio’s threshold for the modulation mode selected. The fade margin can be used to
determine availability and should be at least 10 dB.
3.5.3.3 Availability Calculation
Availability of the microwave path is a prediction of the percent of time that the link will
operate without producing an excessive BER due to multipath fading. Availability is
affected by the following:
• Path length
• Fade margin
• Frequency
• Terrain (smooth, average, mountainous, valleys)
• Climate (dry, temperate, hot, humid)
Depending on the type of traffic carried over the link and the overall network design
redundancy, fade margin should be included to support the desired availability rate.
Critical data and voice may require a very high availability rate (99.999% or 5.3 minutes
of predicted outage per year). To improve availability, the fade margin can be increased
by shortening the path length, transmitting at a higher power level, or by using higher
gain antennas.
3.5.3.4 Antenna Planning
Larger antennas have the advantage of providing narrower beamwidths and high
isotropic gain, which yields better link performance (higher fade margin, better
availability), and improves immunity to spatial interference (due to the smaller
beamwidths). However, larger antennas are more costly to purchase and install than
smaller antennas and in some cases, they require special equipment for installation due
to narrower beamwidths. They are also more easily affected by wind.
Only directional antennas can be used with the CFQ Digital Radios. Consult factory for
antenna manufacturer options.
1. Select where the cable will enter the building from the outside.
2. Determine the length of cable required. Allow one extra meter on each end to allow
for strain relief, as well as any bends and turns.
3.5.4 Documenting a Site Evaluation

Use the site evaluation form provided on the following pages to document the results of
your site evaluation. Optimally, this complete site form would be stored with the CFQ-
SD-IDU for future reference.

Site Evaluation Form
Address Site Engineer
Contact Person
Phone
Site No Site Agent
Site Type
ODU Roof Location
# Latitude Longitude Mapping Datum (ex. NDA27)

ODU
Example Information Information Information

ODU# 4
Clear Line of Sight Yes
Mounting Method Wall or Pole
FCC Compliance Yes
Collocation
Aesthetics
ODU Azimuth 60 degrees
GPS Reading 80 21' 48"
Cable Lengths
Alarm
Roof Requirements
Interconnect Cable 250 feet

Grounding/Lighting
Instructions
Photographs*
Photo 1
Photo 2
Photo 3
Sketches**
Sketch 1
Sketch 2
Recommendations for Site Photographs and Sketches
*Photographs **Sketches
Photo 1 - ODU mounting location Sketch 1- Roof and cable route to entry point
Phone 2 - View from the ODU mounting location to the link partner Sketch 2 - Details for grounding and lighting protection
Photo 3 - IDU location Sketch 3 - IDU room and cable routes from entry port

Site Evaluation Form
Parameters Example Information Information Information Information

Source PCS
Tx and/or Rx Tx/Rx
Colocated Antenna
Frequency 2.1 GHz

Distance from ODU 5 feet
Owner Sprint PCS
Azimuth 210 degrees
Elevation 2 degrees downtilt
Antenna Type
Power
Power 14W
Parameters Example Information Information Information Information

IDU room Identified Yes
Space for cabinet Yes
Phone line Need to install
48 VDC available? Yes
IDU
Cables Confirm cables

Take Photo 3
Sketch 3
Indoor Space Requirements
Front View Top View Side View
Equipment Dimensions
Equipment Cabinet
Batteries
Notes

3.6 Installation of the CFQ Digital Radio

The following sections provide installation guides for:
• CFQ-SD-IDU Installation
• CFQ ODU Installation
3.6.1 Installing the CFQ-SD-IDU

The CFQ-SD-IDU can be installed in the following three options:
1. Table top or cabinet
2. Wall mount
3. Rack mount
The CFQ-SD-IDU should be:
• Located where you can easily connect to a power supply and any other equipment
used in your network, such as a router or PC.
• In a relatively clean, dust-free environment that allows easy access to the rear
grounding post as well as the front panel controls and indicators. Air must be able to
pass freely over the chassis.
• Accessible for service and troubleshooting.
• Protected from rain and extremes of temperature (it is designed for indoor use).
AN EXTERNAL 3 AMPERE FUSE MUST BE USED FOR DC POWER SUPPLY TO CFQ-

SD-IDU. IN ADDITION, THE POSSIBILITY MUST BE PROVIDED TO DISCONNECT
THE POWER, e.g. USING AN EXTERNAL SWITCH.
3.6.1.1 Installing on a Table Top or Cabinet
The CFQ-SD-IDU can be placed on a tabletop or cabinet shelf. In order to prevent
possible disruption, it is recommended to use a strap to secure the CFQ-SD-IDU.
3.6.1.2 Installing on a Wall

An installation option for the CFQ-SD-IDU is mounting the unit to a wall. Consult factory
for details.
If the wall mount option is being considered, plan to position the CFQ-SD-IDU at a height
that allows LEDs, the connectors on the front panel, and the rear grounding post to be
visible at all times and easily accessible. Also, including plastic clamps to support and
arrange the ODU/IDU Interconnect Cable should also be considered.
3.6.1.3 Installing in a Rack

To maintain good airflow and cooling, it is preferred that the CFQ-SD-IDU is mounted in a
slot that has blank spaces above and below the unit.
To rack-mount the CFQ-SD-IDU, use the supplied mounting brackets to secure the
chassis to the rack cabinet. As shown in Figure 3.3, the brackets can be attached at any
of four points on the sides of the enclosure – front, back, middle facing front, and middle
facing back. This flexibility ensures compatibility with most rack mounting
arrangements.

1.75 inches 15 inches

4.45 cm 38.10 cm
17 inches
43.18 cm
Figure 3.3 CFQ-SD-IDU Dimensions
3.6.1.4 Grounding the CFQ-SD-IDU

1. Remove the nut and ring lug terminal from the CFQ-SD-IDU optional Chassis GND
stud (located on the front panel).
2. The provided ring lug crimp terminal is intended to be used with 18 AWG wire
(provided by the customer). The CFQ-SD-IDU should be able to be connected to a
system or building electrical ground point (rack ground or power third-wire ground)
with a cable of 36” or less.
3. Crimp the ring lug terminal to one end of the wire to be used as the IDU ground wire.
Connect the opposite end of the IDU ground wire to the local source of ground in an
appropriate manner.
4. Place the ring lug of the CFQ-SD-IDU ground cable on the IDU Chassis GND stud.
5. Place the nut on the IDU Chassis GND stud and tighten appropriately.
3.6.1.5 Grounding the ODU

1. Place the grounding rod so as to allow for the shortest possible path from the
grounding cable to the ODU.
2. Drive the grounding rod into the ground at least eight inches from the ground surface.
3. Attach a grounding clamp to the grounding rod. You will use this clamp to attach
grounding wires for both the ODU and CFQ-SD-IDU, reference Figure 3.4.
4. Connect a ground lug to one end of the grounding wire.
5. Remove one of the lower mounting screws of the mounting pole. Insert a screw
through the grounding lug terminal and re-install it to the mounting pole.
6. Attach the grounding wire to the clamp on the grounding rod. If necessary, use wire
staples to secure the grounding wire to the outside wall.
7. Install a grounding wire from the junction box to the grounding rod.

Figure 3.4 Ground Connections to ODU
3.6.2 Preparing for ODU Installation

3.6.2.1 General
The CFQ subsystems are supplied in three separate cartons as follows:
1 carton containing the IDU and accessories
1 carton containing the ODU and its mounting accessories
1 carton containing the antenna and positioner, including mounting
accessories as supplied by the vendor
Before heading out to the site make sure that you have the following tools and
accessories:
NOTE
) The tools list should be regarded as a recommended list.

These tools are not supplied by SAF Tehnika.
- 11-mm (7/16-inch) open-end wrench

- Allen key
- Phillips head screwdriver.
NOTE
) It is recommended that protection boots be purchased for

installation on the connectors. The protection boots should be
waterproof/ weatherproof and non-degradable when exposed
to solar radiation.
3.6.2.2 Surge Protection
For installations at more environmentally stressed locations, auxiliary surge suppression
provisions may optionally be installed at additional points along the IF cable to assist in
protecting the IDU and ODU. An example of such an auxiliary surge suppressor is the
PolyPhaser Broadband DC Pass Protector, part number 098-1013G-A; however other
types may be used depending on local codes and standards.
3.6.3 Evaluating RSL from RSSI signal

The following chart and table shows typical relationship of the received signal level (RSL)
displayed by IDU vs. RSSI port output voltage (RSSI – Received Signal Strength
Indicator). The RSSI port is located on ODU.
RSSI, RSL,
V dBm
0 -70
0.2 -68 RSL=f(RSSI)
0.4 -66
0.6 -64
0
0.8 -62
1 -60 0 1 2 3 4 5
1.2 -58 -10
1.4 -56
1.6 -54
1.8 -52 -20
2 -50
2.2 -48
RSL, dBm
-30
2.4 -46
2.6 -44
2.8 -42 -40
3 -40
3.2 -38
3.4 -36 -50
3.6 -34
3.8 -32 -60
4 -30
4.2 -28
4.4 -26 -70
4.6 -24 RSSI, Volts
4.8 -22
5 -20
3.6.4 Routing the ODU/IDU Interconnect Cable

1. Select where the cable will enter the building from outside.
2. Determine the length of cable required. Allow one extra meter on each end to allow
for strain relief, as well as any bends and turns.
3. Route the cable.
The CFQ-SD-IDU is equipped with TNC female connector on the front of the chassis.
Depending on the ODU type, it will be equipped with either a N-type or TNC female

connector at its interconnecting port. A length of coaxial cable (such as Times Microwave
Systems LMR-400, LMR-300 or LMR-200) fitted with the appropriate N-type or TNC male
connectors is required to connect the ODU to the CFQ-SD-IDU. This cable assembly may
be supplied in fixed lengths with the digital radio. Bulk coaxial cable of equivalent
specification may also be used, with terminating connectors applied during cable
installation.
Based on an evaluation of the cable routing path, pull the ODU/IDU Interconnect cable
from one unit to the other, utilizing cable trays, ducts, or conduit as required. Take care
that the ODU/ IDU Interconnect cable is not kinked or damaged in any way during
installation. Be sure to protect the TNC connectors from stress, damage and
contamination during installation (do not pull the cable by the connectors). If multiple
ODU/ CFQ-SD-IDU Interconnect cables are to be installed along the same route, the
cables should all be pulled at one time. Be sure the installed cable does not have any
bends that exceed the specified cable bend radius. The ODU/ CFQ-SD-IDU Interconnect
cable should be adequately supported on horizontal runs and should be restrained by
hangers or ties on vertical runs to reduce stress on the cable. Outside the building,
support and restrain the cable as required by routing and environmental conditions
(wind, ice).
The CFQ ODU/IDU and interconnection must be properly grounded in order to protect it
and the structure it is installed on from lightning damage. This requires that the ODU,
any mounting pole or mast and any exposed interconnect cable be grounded on the
outside of the structure. The CFQ-SD-IDU must be grounded to a rack or structure
ground that also has direct path to earth ground.
The ODU must be directly connected to a ground rod or equivalent earth ground. The
ODU/ IDU interconnect cable should also be grounded at the ODU, where the cable
enters the structure and at intermediate points if the exposed cable run is long (typically
at intervals of 30 m), with the cable manufacturer’s grounding kits. Lightning protection
devices used with the interconnect cable must be appropriate for the transmission of the
interconnect signals (DC to 350 MHz).
Provide a sufficient but not excessive length of cable at each end to allow easy
connection to the ODU and CFQ-SD-IDU without stress or tension on the cable. Excessive
cable length, especially outdoors, should be avoided to minimize signal attenuation and
provide a more robust and reliable installation. If installing using bulk coaxial cable,
terminate the ODU/ CFQ-SD-IDU Interconnect cable at each end with a TNC male
connector on the IDU side and either a N-type or TNC male connector on the ODU side
that is appropriate for the cable type. Use of connectors, tools and termination
procedures specified by the cable manufacturer is recommended.
Once the cable has been installed but before connection has been made to either unit, a
simple DC continuity test should be made to verify the integrity of the installed cable. A
DC continuity tester or digital multimeter may be used verify a lack of DC continuity
between the cable center conductor and outer conductor, with the opposite end of the
cable unconnected. With a temporary test lead or shorting adapter connected to one end
of the cable, DC continuity should be verified between the center and outer conductors at
the opposite end.
3.6.5 Connecting the CFQ-SD-IDU to the PC and Power Source

Perform the following steps to ensure the CFQ-SD-IDU is powered up and connected to
PC:
1. To connect to the CFQ-SD-IDU DC power connector (located on the left front panel),
an CFQ-SD-IDU power cable is required. A mating power cable connector (Phoenix
Contact P/N 17 86 83 1) is provided with the CFQ-SD-IDU for construction of this
cable. This connector has screw clamp terminals that accommodate 24 AWG to 12
AWG wire. The recommended wire size for construction of power cables under 3
meters in length, supplying -48 V dc, is 18 AWG. The opposite end of the CFQ-SD-
IDU power cable should have a termination appropriate for the power supply being
used. The CFQ-SD-IDU power cable should be of sufficient length to avoid tension in
the cable and provide a service loop for connection, but not be of excessive length.
Stranded wire should be used over a solid conductor to reduce tension on the CFQ-
SD-IDU DC Power connector. Using the supplied power cable connector, pin 2
(labeled -V) should be connected to the power supply terminal supplying -48 V dc,
while pin 1 (labeled RET) should be connected to the power supply return. Refer to
Figure 3-5. Note that pin 1 (RET) of the CFQ-SD-IDU DC Power connector is
connected to the IDU chassis ground internal to the IDU. Use of a power supply with
an inappropriate ground reference may cause damage to the CFQ-SD-IDU and / or
the supply.
2. Connect the CFQ-SD-IDU power cable to the -48 V dc power supply, and place the
voltmeter probes on the unconnected IDU end of the power cable, with the positive
voltmeter probe on pin 2 (-V) of the cable connector and the negative probe on pin
1(RET). The connector screw terminal screw heads may be used as convenient
monitor points. Refer to Figure 3-5.
3. Turn on the –48 V dc supply. Verify that the digital voltmeter reads between -44 V
dc and -52 V dc when monitoring the cable points specified above. Adjust the power
supply output voltage and/or change the connections at the power supply to achieve
this reading.
4. With the negative voltmeter probe still on pin 1 (RET) of the power cable connector
(and the power supply still on), press the positive voltmeter probe to the CFQ-SD-IDU
chassis and verify a potential of zero volts between the IDU chassis and cable pin 1
(RET). If the measured potential is not zero, the power supply may be grounded
incorrectly and should not be used in this condition with an CFQ-SD-IDU. Note that
this measurement assumes that the CFQ-SD-IDU is installed and properly grounded.
If this is not the case, the same measurement can be made between cable pin 1
(RET) and a convenient ground (such as an ac outlet third-wire ground).
5. Turn the -48 V dc supply off.
6. Plug the CFQ-SD-IDU power cable into the CFQ-SD-IDU front panel DC Power
connector (DC Input). Place the voltmeter probes on the cable connector screw
terminal screw heads as per step 2 above. Refer to Figure 3-5. Note that the CFQ-
SD-IDU does not have a power on/off switch. When DC power is connected, the
digital radio powers up and is operational. There can be up to 320 mW of RF power
present at the antenna port. The antenna should be directed safely when power is
applied.
7. Turn on the -48 V dc power supply, and verify that the reading on the digital
voltmeter is as specified in step 3 above.
8. Turn the -48 V dc supply off.
9. Connect the CFQ-SD-IDU to the laptop computer, using a Cat-5 Ethernet cable or
connect the CFQ-SD-IDU to a computer network, using a Cat-5 Ethernet cable.
Connect the Ethernet cable to SNMP A or B connector on the CFQ-SD-IDU front
panel. Refer to Figure 3.5 for the CFQ-SD-IDU front panel connections.
Figure 3.5. CFQ-SD-IDU DC Power Cable Connector

Redundant ALARM/Serial USB Redundant

Power -Supply NMS Ethernet Interface (Optional) MODEM
STM-1
Voice Orderwire Ethernet Connection
Power 2xE1 8/16xE1 ODU
Call Button & Data (Optional) Connection
Input Connections Connections
Interface Connections
Connection
Figure 3.6 CFQ-SD-IDU, 1+1 Protection: Front Panel Connections
3.7 Quick Start Guide

Although configuration of the CFQ-SD-IDU does not require a connection to the ODU,
it is recommended that the ODU and CFQ-SD-IDU are connected prior to configuring
the CFQ-SD-IDU. Each CFQ-SD-IDU has a Graphical User Interface (GUI) installed that
can be accessed through a computer connection. The GUI is described in detail in
the User Interface Guide. The section below describes how to get started
configuring the CFQ-SD-IDU via the GUI.
3.7.1 Materials Required

The following items are needed to configure an CFQ-SD-IDU:
1. Power supply (-48V DC @ 2 Amps) OR optional AC/DC power supply and power cable.
(A Phoenix Contact P/N 17 86 83 1 connector is provided)
2. Digital voltmeter with test leads.
3. CFQ-SD-IDU Serial Cable (optional)
4. Computer with networking capability, consisting of either:
- Laptop computer with Windows 98/2000/XP operating system, an Ethernet card with
any necessary adapters and a Cat-5 Ethernet regular or crossover cable
or
- Networked computer with Windows 98/2000/XP operating system and an additional
Ethernet cable providing access to the network.
- Web Browser program with Java environment installed
- Site engineering folder with site drawings, or equivalent CFQ-SD-IDU configuration
Information NMS connectors 1 & 2
3.7.2 CFQ-SD-IDU Configuration Process

Using the site attributes identified in the site assessment or equivalent configuration
information, configure each IDU by completing the following procedures:
- Setting the CFQ-SD-IDU IP Address and Network Parameters
- Configuring the CFQ-SD-IDU
- Setting the CFQ-SD-IDU Device Information

3.7.2.1 Setting the IDU IP Address

To manage the Software Defined IDU™ remotely the IP address of the radio must
be set. Set the CFQ-SD-IDU IP address to the factory default or a known value. Use a
web browser to access the CFQ-SD-IDU GUI and set the IP address as described below in
section 3.7.2.1.1. If the IP address is unknown, a hyperterminal connection via a serial
cable can be used as described in section 3.7.2.1.2.
3.7.2.1.1 Using the GUI to set the IP address

1. The IDU should be accessible from your PC. A network 'ping' can be done to verify
connectivity to the IDU.
a. On your desktop, click the Start button and select Programs. Then click on the MS-
DOS Prompt icon.
b. In the MS-DOS window, type ping 192.168.0.1 and press enter.
192.168.0.1 is the default factory IP address.
c. If the ping is successful, the following message will appear: Reply from
192.168.0.1: bytes=a. time=b ms, TTL=c. Refer to Figure 3.7 for an
example of ping. A successful ping implies that the CFQ-SD-IDU and the
PC can communicate with one another across an Ethernet connection.
If the ping is not successful, check network connections between the CFQ-SD-IDU
and the PC.
d. Close the MS-DOS prompt window.
Figure 3.7 IDU Ping Example
2. Start a web browser and use the CFQ-SD-IDU default IP address (192.168.0.1) as the
url.
3. Log in at the login prompt. The username and password are provided in Table 3-2.
4. The GUI includes a navigation menu in the left frame. If this navigation
menu is not visible, make sure the Java environment is properly installed
and active. In the navigation menu, select Administration, then Network
Configuration, and then General. The IP address, IP Netmask, and IP
Gateway are shown.
5. Enter the new IP address, IP Netmask, and IP Gateway. The gateway must be in the
same subnet as the IP address for proper operation. Click Update to change the values.
6. To verify the IP address, repeat Step 1 using the new address.
7. To continue using the GUI, point the web browser to the new IP address.

3.7.2.1.2 Using a terminal connection to set the IP address
1. Connect the Serial/Alarm port on the CFQ-SD-IDU to a COM port on the computer.
2. Start a Hyper Terminal session and select the following COM port settings:
COM port settings:

Bits per second 38400
Data bit 8
Parity None
Stop bits 1
Flow control None
3. The following terminal and ASCII settings are recommended for best viewing:
Terminal & ASCII settings:

Emulation VT100
Line delay 50 ms
Character delay 10 ms
Text wrap On
4. Connect to the SDIDU™. Once the connections complete, power on the CFQ-SD-IDU.
5. Once the boot process is complete, press the keyboard return key to receive a login
prompt. Log in with the username and password provided in Table 3-2.
6. Press the M-key to navigate to the Main Menu.
7. Press the B-key to navigate to Administration.
8. Press the A-key to navigate to Network Configuration.
9. Press the A-key to navigate to General.
10. Press the A-key to navigate to IP Address.
11. Enter the new IP address and press the D-Key to update. If the IP address has been
entered correctly enter Y when prompted.
12. If necessary, use the same menus to set the IP Netmask and IP Gateway.
13. Close the Hyper Terminal connection.
3.7.2.2 Configuring the CFQ-SD-IDU

Use the GUI to configure the CFQ-SD-IDU as follows:
1. To start the GUI, open a web browser and use the CFQ-SD-IDU IP address
(192.168.0.1) as the url and log in (username and password provided in Table 3-2).
2. Use the frame on the left side of the window to navigate to "Radio Link."
3. Select the subcategory "Link Configuration."
4. Select the operating mode. If the CFQ-SD-IDU has one modem installed and is
connected to one ODU, select standard. If the CFQ-SD-IDU has two modems installed
and is connected to two ODUs, select 1+1 diversity or 1+1 non-diversity for a protected
link (as described in Section 2.8.4) or east-west for a 2+0 ring configuration (as
described in Section 2.8.1.1).
5. Follow the wizard located here to enter the rest of the required settings.
CFQ-SD-IDU will configure both near and far end link sides with the chosen settings.
In addition, you are able to choose whether to update Tx power of remote side or not.
The link has to be in a locked state at the time of its reconfiguration in order for the
reversion to occur. If the link is in a locked state when the near end link reconfiguration
begins, the far end will begin configuration to the new mode. When the configuration is
complete on either side, CFQ-SD-IDU of that side waits for approximately 3 minutes to
receive a "reconfiguration successful" radio overhead message from the partner CFQ-SD-
IDU. If no message is received, the CFQ-SD-IDU will revert to its previous mode
configuration. The intent is for both sides to revert to their previous mode and reestablish
a lock.

! Before running a link reconfiguration, both sides of the link should have activated the
same modes file in the Reprogramming screen so that the index of the actual IDU
Operational mode being activated is the same on both sides of a link. Also, the IDU
Operational mode being configured has to be authorized on both CFQ-SD-IDUs.
! There are certain cases in which the far end unit will not be configured to the same
ODU Operational Mode as the new near end ODU Operational mode when the link is in a
locked state:
1) If the far end unit is already in 2+0, it will remain in a 2+0.

2) When changing the near end from 1+0 to 2+0 or 2+0 to 1+0, the far end remains in
the same ODU operational mode.
3) When changing from 1+1 to 1+0 or 2+0 on the near end, the far end changes to
1+0.
! CFQ-SD-IDU will not reconfigure itself to an old mode if there is no link partner device.
3.7.2.3 Configuring the CFQ-SD-IDU Site Attributes

Use the GUI to enter device information as follows:
1. In the navigation menu, select Administration, then Device Information, and then
Device Names.
2. Enter the Owner, Contact, Description, and Location. These values are not required for
operation, but will help keep a system organized.
3.7.2.4 Power on Reset to Factory Defaults

The CFQ-SD-IDU may be reset to factory defaults during power up. A power on reset
affects the IP address and the user logins/passwords. To perform a power on reset:
1. Power on the CFQ-SD-IDU.
2. During bootup, the CFQ-SD-IDU will flash the controller-card LED alternating red/green for
five seconds.
3. Make sure the call button is not active at the start of this five second period.
4. While the LED is flashing, press the call button. Release the call button within one
second after the LED stops flashing.
3.7.3 Default Username and Password
Table 3-2 Usernames and Passwords

User Level Username Password
Monitor monitor monitor
Operator operator col1ma
Administrator administrator d1scovery
Integrator integrator p1nacate
3.8 CFQ-SD-IDU Service

At times, it may be necessary to service the CFQ-SD-IDU. This may include installing,
removing, or replacing an CFQ-SD-IDU module. There may be up to 8 modules installed
in a single CFQ-SD-IDU chassis. Figure 3.8 shows the front panel of the CFQ-SD-IDU with
each module labeled. The basic procedure for removing and installing a module is

common to all the modules, with slight variations for the Power Supply Module,
Controller Module, and Mini IO Module. These basic procedures are described below.
Variations are described in sub-items beneath each step.
Figure 3.8 CFQ-SD-IDU Modules
3.8.1 Removing a Module

1. Modules are static sensitive and should only be handled in an ESD-safe environment.
When packaging modules for shipment or storage, place in an ESD bag.
2. Remove front panel connections to the module.
3. Remove the two thumbscrews on either side of the module. Figure 3.9 shows the
locations of these thumb screws.
a. The thumbscrew for the Standard IO Module is located on the right side of the Mini IO
Module slot.
b. If a Mini IO module is installed and the Standard IO Module is to be removed, both
modules will be removed as one unit.
c. When removing only the Mini IO card, remove the corner screw indicated in Figure 3.8
and one thumb screw.
Figure 3.9 Thumbscrew and Corner Screw Locations.
4. Thread thumbscrew(s) into hole(s) shown in Figure 3.9. Remove the

module by grasping the thumbscrew(s) and pulling module straight out of the CFQ-SD-
IDU. Both thumbscrews should be used for all modules except the Power Supply and the
Mini IO Modules.
a. The Power Supply and Mini IO Modules have only one threaded hole each.
b. When removing the Standard IO Module, the ground lug indicated in
Figure 3.10 is used as the second threaded hole. If the CFQ-SD-IDU is to remain
powered on and the ground lug is being used to ground the unit, first move the ground
connection to the ground lug located on the Controller Module.
The CFQ-SD-IDU retains its current configuration when a module is removed, unless that
module is the Controller Module. In which case, the IP addresses will need to be
reprogrammed.

Figure 3.10 Threaded Hole Locations
3.8.2 Installing a Module

1. Modules are static sensitive and should only be handled in an ESD-safe environment.
When packaging modules for shipment or storage, place in an ESD bag.
2. Line up the module board with the guides in the chassis and slide the module into the
CFQ-SD-IDU. Figure 3.11 shows a photo of the guides. As the module face plate comes
flush with the face of the CFQ-SD-IDU, connectors on the back of the module will engage
with the CFQ-SD-IDU backplane. It is possible to encounter interference from adjacent
module front panels. If this occurs, loosen the thumbscrews holding the neighbouring
panels and shift them as necessary to ensure fit.
a. The Mini IO Module only has one guide on the right side. Take care to insert the Mini
IO module carefully and correctly engage the rear connector with its mate on the
Standard IO Module.

Figure 3.11 Guides
3. Install thumbscrews on either side of the module as shown in Figure 3.9.

a. The Mini IO card has a corner screw, which should be installed. This corner screw is
shown in Figure 3.9.
4. Make front panel connections to the module and power on the CFQ-SD-IDU if
necessary.
5. Verify proper operation of the unit.
a. If the Controller Module has been changed, reprogram the IP addresses.

4 Summary Specification
Parameter PDH SDH

System
Capacity 1-16 E1 + SNMP + E1 + STM-1 + Ethernet +
Ethernet SNMP
Output Power @ Antenna Up to 24 dBm Up to 24 dBm (dependent
(dependent on ODU on ODU type)
type)
Maximum Input Power
Modulation QPSK, 16 to 128-QAM QPSK, 16 to 128-QAM
Channelization 7, 14, 28, 30 MHz 28, 30 MHz
Radio Interfaces
CFQ-SD-IDU /ODU Link TNC Female/N-Type TNC Female/N-Type
Female Female
Data Interfaces
Payload Molex High-Density 60- STM-1: BNC
pin (1)
RJ-48C Female (2)
E1 100 Ω / 120 Ω Balanced 100 Ω / 120 Ω Balanced
RJ-48C Female (2) RJ-48C Female (2)
Molex High-Density 60- Molex High-Density 60-pin
pin (14)
(14)
Ethernet 10Base-T/100Base-Tx 10Base-T/100Base-Tx

RJ-45 Female (2) RJ-45 Female (2)
SNMP 10Base-T/100Base-Tx 10Base-T/100Base-Tx

RJ-45 Female RJ-45 Female
STM-1 N/A Single Mode, SC Duplex
Fiber 1310 nm
or
75 Ohm BNC Coax
Control
Network Management SNMP, Proprietary GUI SNMP, Proprietary GUI
NMS Connector 10Base-T/100Base-Tx 10Base-T/100Base-Tx
Voice Orderwire RJ-45 for PTT handset RJ-45 for PTT handset
We recommend using the We recommend using the
Walker PTT-K Series w/ Walker PTT-K Series w/
EM-95 Transmitter Type. EM-95 Transmitter Type.
Auxiliary Data (64 kbps) RS422 via RJ-45 RS422 via RJ-45

Encryption Proprietary, AES Proprietary, AES

Alarm Port 2 Form C (SPDT), 2 TTL 2 Form C (SPDT), 2 TTL
Output, 4 TTL Input, DB- Output, 4 TTL Input, DB-
15HD 15HD
Parameter PDH SDH

Power/Environment
DC Power -48 Volts ±10%, min. -48 Volts ±10%, min.
90 W 90 W
CFQ-SD-IDU Operational -5º to 55º C -5º to 55º C
Temperature
ODU Operational -45º to 55º C -45º to 55º C
Temperature
CFQ-SD-IDU Humidity 0 to 95%, non- 0 to 95%, non-
condensing condensing
ODU Humidity 100% All-weather 100% All-weather
Altitude 4570 meters maximum 4570 meters maximum
Physical Dimensions
CFQ-SD-IDU Size (WxHxD) 445x44.5x238.5 mm 445x44.5x238.5 mm
CFQ-SD-IDU Weight 3.4 kg 3.4 kg
IDU Mounting/Installation
EIA Rack Mount 48.2 cm (19 inch), 1 48.2 cm (19 inch), 1 rack
rack unit unit
ODU Size (∅xH) ∅ 280 x 120 mm ∅ 280 x 120 mm
ODU Weight 3.8 or 3.95 kg, 3.8 or 3.95 kg, dependent
dependent on ODU type on ODU type
ODU Mounting/Installation
Mounting Custom Bracket Custom Bracket
4.1 CFQ-SD-IDU Ethernet Performance
4.1.1 100 Base TX Ethernet Performance

Bridging type Store and forward switching, dynamic address learning, spanning tree
protocol capable.
Supports 802.1D-2004:
-Section 9 Encoding of bridge protocol data units
-Section 14 Bridge Management (partial support via GUI and proprietary
MIB)
-Section 16 Bridge Performance
-Section 17 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

MAC address The CFQ-SD-IDU Supports two MAC addresses. One is for NMS and the
capacity other is for payload. In addition, internal Ethernet switches can learn up to
4096 addresses (Q0GM6E01/8X01), Q0GM4201 can learn up to 1024
addresses.
Buffering Q0GM6E01/8X01: 160KB
Q0GM4201: 64KB
% Nominal Throughput
Frame
Size
10Mbps 50Mbps 100Mbps 150Mbps 200Mbps 250Mbps 300Mbps
Throughput Throughput Throughput Throughput Throughput Throughput Throughput
64 106.3% 106.0% 100.0% - - - -
128 103.4% 102.6% 100.0% - - - -
256 100.0% 101.4% 99.8% - - - -
512 100.0% 100.4% 99.8% - - - -
1024 100.0% 100.3% 99.9% - - - -
1280 99.9% 100.3% 100.0% - - - -
1518 99.9% 100.2% 100.0% - - - -
*Rates of above 100Mbps are only possible with GigE card
Latency (msec)
Frame
Size
10Mbps Data 50Mbps Data 100Mbps Data 150Mbps 200Mbps 250Mbps 300Mbps
Rate Rate Rate Data Rate Data Rate Data Rate Data Rate
64 3.25 0.718 0.377 - - - -
128 3.32 0.73 0.407 - - - -
256 3.42 0.75 0.437 - - - -
512 3.67 0.8 0.469 - - - -
1024 4.19 0.89 0.559 - - - -
1280 4.3 0.931 0.621 - - - -
1518 4.64 0.973 0.725 - - - -
*Rates of above 100Mbps are only possible with GigE card
Packet Size for Min = 64 bytes

Q0GM6E01/8X01 Max = 1536 bytes
VLAN support VLAN tagged packets are passed through without modification. Port based
VLANs are supported, but not user-configurable as they are used to
implement 155FE and Port-based VLAN modes. The CFQ-SD-IDU uses
VLAN
TAG Priority (802.1Q-203 Section 9 Tagged Frame Format) for QoS.
Auto Sensing and
Operation Full duplex manual
configuration
/ Half Duplex / Auto
sensing
Support for routing Support for IP based routing is not provided at this time

Quality of Service QoS is implemented using weighted priority queues. Incoming packets are
(QoS) assigned to a priority queue based on one or more of the following criteria: -
Incoming Port: port based priority allows assignment to a priority queue
based upon the port the packet arrived on -802.1Q VLAN Tag Priority:
packets are assigned to a priority queue based upon the priority tag field in
the VLAG TAG -IPv4 TOS (Q0GM6E01/8X01 only): packets are assigned
to a priority queue based upon the TOS field in the IPv4 header -DiffServ
(Q0GM4201only): packets are assigned to a priority queue based upon
the value of the DS field of the IPv4 header (the DS field is the re-defined
IPv4 TOS field) Priority Queues (Q0GM6E01/8X01): 2 Priority Queues
(Q0GM4201): 4 Note: The weighted ratios are fixed for 802.1Q VLAN TAG
priority and for IPv4 TOS priority even though they are selectable via Web
GUI. The Low priority queue flows may be starved under some traffic
conditions (Q0GM6E01/8X01 only).
Flow Control Flow control is supported in both full-duplex and half-duplex. Full-Duplex is
implemented with respect for PAUSE packets as well as generation of
PAUSE packets. Half-Duplex is implemented with back-pressure.
4.1.2 Gigabit Ethernet (GigE) Performance
Bridging type Store and forward switching, dynamic address learning, spanning tree
protocol capable. Supports 802.1D-2004: -Section 9 Encoding of bridge
protocol data units -Section 14 Bridge Management (partial support via
GUI and proprietary MIB) -Section 16 Bridge Performance -Section 17
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
MAC address The CFQ-SD-IDU Supports two MAC addresses. One is for NMS and the
capacity other is for payload. In addition, internal Ethernet switches can learn up to
1024 addresses (Q0GMEG01/Q0GMG201).
Buffering Q0GMEG01/Q0GMG201: 128KB
Latency (msec)
Frame
Size
10Mbps Data 50Mbps Data 100Mbps Data 150Mbps 200Mbps 250Mbps 300Mbps
Rate Rate Rate Data Rate Data Rate Data Rate Data Rate
64 3.29 0.718 0.416 0.261 0.187 0.156 0.133
128 3.34 0.73 0.422 0.265 0.191 0.160 0.136
256 3.44 0.752 0.435 0.274 0.198 0.165 0.141
512 3.66 0.797 0.459 0.291 0.212 0.178 0.152
1024 4.07 0.887 0.508 0.325 0.241 0.202 0.174
1280 4.27 0.932 0.532 0.342 0.255 0.214 0.185
1518 4.48 0.937 0.555 0.358 0.268 0.225 0.195

Packet Size for GIGE Min = 64 bytes

IO Card Max = 1522 bytes for Q0GMEG01/Q0GMG201
Max = 2048 bytes for Q0GM4201
Max = 4000 bytes for Q0GMEG01 JUMBO
Max = 9728 bytes for Q0GMG201JUMBO
VLAN support VLAN tagged packets are passed through without modification. Port based
VLANs are supported, but not user-configurable as they are used to
implement 155FE and Port-based VLAN modes. The CFQ-SD-IDU™ uses
VLAN
TAG Priority (802.1Q-203 Section 9 Tagged Frame Format) for QoS.
Operation Full duplex Auto Sensing
/ Half Duplex / Auto
sensing
Support for routing Support for IP based routing is not provided at this time
Quality of Service QoS is implemented using weighted priority queues. Incoming packets are
(QoS) assigned to a priority queue based on one or more of the following criteria: -
Incoming Port: port based priority allows assignment to a priority queue
based upon the port the packet arrived on -802.1Q VLAN Tag Priority:
packets are assigned to a priority queue based upon the priority tag field in
the VLAG TAG -DiffServ: packets are assigned to a priority queue based
upon the value of the DS field of the IPv4 header (the DS field is the re-
defined IPv4 TOS field) Priority Queues: 4
Flow Control Flow control is supported in both full-duplex and half-duplex. Full-Duplex is
implemented with respect for PAUSE packets as well as generation of
PAUSE packets. Half-Duplex is implemented with back-pressure.

5 Front Panel Connectors

5.1 DC Input (Power) Connector
Two-pin male
1 2 PIN TYPE SIGNAL

1 POWER Power supply return / IDU chassis ground
2 POWER -48 Vdc, nominal

Mating Connector:
Name: MSTB 2,5/ 2-STF
Ordering Information: Phoenix Contact Part Number 1786831
Cable: 16 AWG 2 conductor twisted pair jacketed, maximum length 3.1m/10 feet
Cable Ordering Information: Belden 8471 or equivalent
5.2 CFQ Ethernet 100BaseTX Payload LOC Connector

RJ-45 Female
PIN TYPE SIGNAL

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 INPUT RX+
2 INTPUT RX-
3 OUTPUT TX+
4 N/A N/A
5 N/A N/A
6 OUTPUT TX-
7 N/A N/A
8 N/A N/A
Mating Connector:
Name: Standard RJ-45 Plug
Ordering Information: Tyco Electronics/Amp Part Number 5-554169-3 or equivalent
Cable: CAT 5 or CAT5E with RJ-45 connector, maximum length 100m/328 ft

5.3 CFQ Ethernet 100BaseTX Payload Connector 1-4
RJ-45 Female PIN TYPE SIGNAL

1 I/O DA+
2 I/O DA-
3 I/O DB+
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 4 I/O DC+
5 I/O DC-
6 I/O DB-
7 I/O DD+
8 I/O DD-
Mating Connector:
Cable: CAT 5E or CAT6 with RJ-45 connector, maximum length 100m/328 ft
5.4 CFQ Ethernet 100BaseTX CPT Connector

RJ-45 Female
PIN TYPE SIGNAL

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 OUTPUT TX+
2 OUTPUT TX-
3 INPUT RX+
4 N/A N/A
5 N/A N/A
6 INPUT RX-
7 N/A N/A
8 N/A N/A
Mating Connector:
Cable: CAT 5E or CAT6 with RJ-45 connector, maximum length 100m/328 ft

5.5 CFQ STM-1 (Electrical) Payload Connector

BNC Duplex
PIN TYPE SIGNAL
RX TX TX OUTPUT SDH STM-1 payload output (electrical)

RX INPUT SDH STM-1 payload input (electrical)
Mating Connector:
Name: BNC Male
Ordering Information: Tyco Electronics/Amp Part Number 225395-2 or equivalent
Cable: 75 Ohm Coax, maximum length dependent on cable type
Cable Ordering Information: RG-59, RG-6, RG-11 and RG-216 (RG- 216 recommended
for EMI sensitive applications)
5.6 CFQ STM-1 (Optical) Payload Connector
SC Duplex Female Fiber

PIN TYPE SIGNAL
TX OUTPUT SDH STM-1 payload output (optical)
RX INPUT SDH STM-1 payload input (optical)
Mating Connector:
Name: SC-Duplex Male
Ordering Information: Molex Part Number 86066-4000 or equivalent
Cable: single-mode fiber cable, maximum length 15 km
Cable Ordering Information: 5m Cable: CCPN 1809025-1014, 30m Cable: CCPN
1809025-1015
5.7 NMS 10/100BaseTX LOC Connector

RJ-45 Female
PIN TYPE SIGNAL

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 OUTPUT TX+
2 OUTPUT TX-
3 INPUT RX+
4 N/A N/A
5 N/A N/A
6 INPUT RX-
7 N/A N/A
8 N/A N/A
Mating Connector:
Cable: CAT5 or better with RJ-45 connector, maximum length 100m/328 ft

5.8 Voice Order Wire

RJ-48C Female
PIN TYPE SIGNAL
1 N/A N/A
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 SWITCH PTS
3 MIC GND
4 OUTPUT Audio PO-
5 OUTPUT Audio PO+
6 MIC Audio TI-
7 SWITCH GND
8 N/A N/A
Pin Out for a 6 connector PTS (Push to Signal) Handset:

PIN 2 and PIN 7 connected to the switch
PIN 4 and PIN 5 connected to the speaker
PIN 3 and PIN 6 connected to the microphone on the handset
Voice Order Wire capacity – 64 Kbps
Mating Connector:
Cable: CAT5 or better with RJ-45 connector, maximum length 100m/328 ft

5.9 Data Order Wire

RJ-48C Female
PIN TYPE RS 422 RS232

SIGNAL SIGNAL
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 OUTPUT TX Clock - NC
2 OUTPUT TX Clock + NC
3 OUTPUT TX Data - NC
4 INPUT RX Data - NC
5 INPUT RX Data + Rx Data
6 OUTPUT TX Data + Tx Data
7 INPUT RX Clock - NC
8 INPUT RX Clock + NC
Mating Connector:
Cable: CAT3 or equivalent with RJ-45 connector, maximum length 10m/32.8 feet
5.10 Alarm/Serial Port Connector
DB-15HD Female PIN TYPE SIGNAL
1 OUTPUT TTL Alarm Output 1
21 INPUT/ RS-232 RX/TX
Output
31 OUTPUT RS-232 TX/RX
/Input
4 OUTPUT TTL Alarm Output 2
5 N/A GROUND
62 N/A Alarm 1 Form C Contact Normally Open
2
7 N/A Alarm 1 Form C Contact Normally Closed
82 N/A Alarm 2 Form C Contact Common
9 INPUT TTL Alarm Input 1
112 N/A Alarm 1 Form C Contact Common
122 N/A Alarm 2 Form C Contact Normally Open
2
13 N/A Alarm 2 Form C Contact Normally Closed
15 Input TTL Alarm Input 4
1
Pins 2 and 3 are hardware jumper configurable for DCE or DTE operation.
2
Form C Contacts are hardware jumper configurable to emulate TTL outputs.
Mating Connector:
Name: HD-DSUB15 Male (15 pins in a DB9 shell)
Ordering Information: Norcomp Part Number 180-015-102-001 or equivalent
Cable: 22 AWG cable 15 conductor, maximum length 15.6m/50 feet
Cable Ordering Information: Belden 9947 or equivalent
5.11 ODU Connector

TNC coaxial female
PIN TYPE SIGNAL

Center I/O 350 MHz TX IF / 140 MHz RX IF / -48 VDC
Shield N/A Shield / Chassis GND
Mating Connector:
Name: TNC Male
Ordering Information:
Cable Type Ordering Information

LMR-200 Times Microwave Systems Part Number TC-200-TM
RG-214 Tyco Electronics/Amp Part Number 225550-8 or
equivalent
Belden 7808 Tyco Electronics/Amp Part Number 1-225550-3 or
equivalent
Refer to Table 3-1 for maximum cable lengths.
5.12 E1- Channels 1-2 Connector

RJ-48C Female
100 Ω/120 Ω Balanced
PIN TYPE SIGNAL
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 INPUT RX+
2 INPUT RX-
3 N/A GND
4 OUTPUT TX+
5 OUTPUT TX-
6 N/A GND
7 N/A N/A
8 N/A N/A

Mating Connector:
Cable: CAT5 or better with RJ-45 connector, maximum length 200m (655 ft)
5.13 E1- Channels 3-16 Connector
Molex LFH Matrix 50

Receptacle
100 Ω /120 Ω Balanced
PIN TYPE SIGNAL
1 OUTPUT E1 Channel 13 Transmit Tip


15 NC NC
16 NC NC
17 OUTPUT E1 Channel 4 Transmit Ring

31 INPUT E1 Channel 16 Receive Tip
45 NC NC
46 NC NC
47 INPUT E1 Channel 7 Receive Ring

6. Updating IDU Firmware

The CFQ-SD-IDU can be updated via FTP connection by using special program – ‘iPorter’.
6.1 Using iPorter Program
iPorter is a wizard style firmware installation tool, which enables the user to upgrade CFQ-
SD-IDU firmware to a newer version.
System Requirements:
Minimum Recommended
- Pentium II 300 MHz - Pentium III 500 MHz or faster
- 128 MB RAM - 256 MB RAM or more
- 30MB available hard drive space - 30MB available hard drive space
- Windows 98, Windows NT, Windows - Windows 98SE, Windows NT, Windows
2000, or Windows XP 2000, or Windows XP Pro
- 10/100 BaseT Ethernet - 10/100 BaseT Ethernet
Connection Requirements:
An Ethernet connection between the PC and the CFQ-SD-IDU is required.
6.1.1 Installing iPorter

iPorter is distributed in a self-extracting installation executable file. Run the installation
program by starting the executable file. A wizard will guide the user through each step of
the installation process.
6.1.2 Using iPorter to Update Firmware

iPorter uses a wizard style interface to guide the user through the firmware upgrade
process step by step.
1. Upon starting iPorter, the following screen will be displayed:
iPorter Start Screen

Navigation through the program is accomplished via the “Back” and “Next” buttons in
the lower right corner of the window. You may cancel the upgrade process at anytime
by clicking the “Cancel” button. To continue, make sure the “Upgrade Firmware” radio
button is selected and click the “Next” button.

2. iPorter requires a new firmware file. This file contains the firmware upgrade plan. The
file name can be entered at the prompt or the “Browse” button may be used to locate
the file.
Firmware File Selection

Typically, the firmware file will end with a “.idu” extension. Once the file is specified,
click “Next” to continue.
3. iPorter requires the IP address of the CFQ IDU, a username and password, and an
SNMP Write Community String.
Connection Information
The username and password supplied must be user level 3 (Administrator) or higher.
The SNMP Write Community String is a permission string that may be set via the User
Interface software. For more information about setting the SNMP Write Community
String, please see the User Interface Manual. Once the connection information has
been specified, click “Next” to continue.
4. iPorter will validate the connection to the CFQ IDU, verify the username, password
and SNMP Write Community String, and read the firmware file. If the connection is
operational, the user information is valid, and the firmware file is valid, the upgrade
plan contained in the file is displayed for review. If the username, password, or SNMP
Community String is incorrect, an error message will appear.

Upgrade plan
To continue, click the “Next” button.
5. The upgrade process may take several minutes. During this time, a status bar will be
displayed.
Upgrade Status Bar

6. The status of the upgrade is also shown in the Firmware File Transfer Status screen.
Firmware File Transfer Status

iPorter transfers the new applications to the CFQ-SD-IDU, toggles the application
banks, and reboots the CFQ-SD-IDU. Once this process is complete, iPorter
disconnects from the CFQ-SD-IDU. Click “Finish” to complete the upgrade. iPorter will
return to the start screen and is ready to upgrade another CFQ-SD-IDU. To do so,
click “Next.” To exit iPorter, click “Cancel.”

7 Appendix
7.1 Alarm Descriptions
Affected LED to Alarm
Alarm Description Severity
Component RED Code
Modem Fault Modem The specified Modem card has N/A 11 Critical
Lower indicated a fault. Fault detection
is via reading Modem Hardware
Status from MODEM during
start-up and polling GPIO for
MODEM fault indication. Polling
interval 5 sec.
Modem Comm Modem The Controller Card is unable to Modem 12 Critical
Failiure Lower communicate with the specified Lower
Modem card.
Modem Card Modem The specified Modem card has N/A 13 Major
Removed Lower been removed from the IDU
(only if the specified Modem
card has been enabled for use).
Fault detection via card-detect
logic.
Modem Card Modem The specified Modem card has Modem 14 Info
Installed Lower been installed into the IDU Lower
card is not enabled for use).
logic. Alarm is raised then
lowered.
Modem Unlock Modem The demodulation functional N/A N/A Critical
Lower components of the modem have
lost lock to the incoming signal.
The data received through the
RF link is not valid. Fault
detection via modem status
polling. Polling interval: 1 sec.
RSL Low Lower Modem RSSI is approaching the N/A N/A Major
minimum operational level of
the link as set during
configuration. Fault detection
via modem status polling,
comparing RSSI value to
threshold value in configuration
table. Polling interval 5 sec.
Synthesizer Modem Modem synthesizer has N/A N/A Critical
Unlock Lower unlocked. Fault detection via
modem status polling. Polling is
done in conjunction with
Modem Unlock polling.
SNR Low Lower Modem The signal-to-noise ratio is N/A N/A Major
below the minimum operational
level of the link as set during
comparing Eb/N0 value to


Component RED Code
Modem Fault Modem The specified Modem card has N/A 16 Critical
Upper indicated a fault. Fault detection
is via reading Modem Hardware
Status from MODEM during
start-up and polling GPIO for
MODEM fault indication. Polling
interval 5 sec.
Modem Comm Modem The Controller Card is unable to Modem 17 Critical
Failiure Upper communicate with the specified Lower
Modem card.
Modem Card Modem The specified Modem card has N/A 18 Major
Removed Upper been removed from the IDU
card has been enabled for use).
logic.
Modem Card Modem The specified Modem card has Modem 19 Info
Installed Upper been installed into the IDU Upper
card is not enabled for use).
logic. Alarm is raised then
lowered.
Modem Unlock Modem The demodulation functional N/A N/A Critical
Upper components of the modem have
lost lock to the incoming signal.
The data received through the
RF link is not valid. Fault
detection via modem status
polling. Polling interval 1 sec.
RSL Low Upper Modem RSSI is approaching the N/A N/A Major
minimum operational level of
the link as set during
comparing RSSI value to
SNR Low Upper Modem The signal-to-noise ratio is N/A N/A Major
below the minimum operational
level of the link as set during
comparing Eb/N0 value to
Synthesizer Modem Modem synthesizer has N/A N/A Critical
Unlock Upper unlocked. Fault detection via
modem status polling. Polling is
done in conjunction with
Modem Unlock polling.
Fan Failure Controller The Fan rotational speed is too Controller 21 Major
low. (Controller card LED
flashed red rather than orange).
Fault detection via polling fan
controller status. Polling
interval 10 sec.


Component RED Code
Controller Card Controller The CPU has detected a fault in Controller 22 Critical
Fault the controller card. (Controller
card LED flashes red rather
than orange). Fault detection
via software.
Low Battery Controller The CPU has detected a low- Controller 23 Info
Voltage battery voltage condition.
(Controller card LED flashes red
rather than orange). Fault
detection via software polling
RTC via controller FPGA.
Power Supply Power The Power Supply card has N/A 31 Critical
Fault Lower Supply indicated a fault. Fault detection
via polling GPIO. Polling interval
5 sec.
Power Supply Power The specified Power Supply card N/A 32 Major
Card Removed Supply has been removed from the
Lower IDU. Fault detection via card-
detect logic.
Power Supply Power The Power Supply card has N/A 36 Critical
Fault Upper Supply indicated a fault. Fault detection
5 sec.
Power Supply Power The specified Power Supply card N/A 37 Major
Card Removed Supply has been removed from the
Upper IDU. Fault detection via card-
detect logic.
Standard I/O StdIO The Standard I/O card has been N/A 41 Critical
Card Removed removed from the IDU. Fault
detect via card-detect logic.
Ethernet Payload StdIO There is no cable detected at Standard 42 Critical
Disconnect either Ethernet payload on I/O
Standard I/O card (only if
Ethernet mode enabled). Fault
detection via polling of Ethernet
PHY. Polling interval 5 sec.
Framer StdIO There is an Initalization wait for Standard 43 Critical
Initialization Framer to turn ON the Framer I/O
Timeout Receiver side after turning ON
the Modem/ODU. Fault
detection via polling. Poll only
after timeout to detect.
Mini I/O Card MiniIO The Mini I/O card has been Standard 46 Critical
Removed removed from the IDU (only if I/O
Mini I/O card has been enabled
for use). Fault detection via
card-detect logic.
Mini I/O Card MiniIO The Mini I/O card has been Standard 47 Info
Installed installed into the IDU (only if I/O
Mini I/O card is noted enabled
for use). Fault detection via
card-detect logic. Alarm is
raised then lowered.


Component RED Code
Optional I/O OptIO The Optional I/O card has been N/A 26 Critical
Card Removed removed from the IDU (only if
the Optional I/O card has been
enabled for use). Fault
detection via card-detect logic.
Optional I/O OptIO The Optional I/O card has been Optional 27 Info
Card Installed installed into the IDU (only if I/O
the Optional I/O card is not
enabled for use). Fault
detection via card-detect logic.
Alarm is raised then lowered.
E1 Channel StdIO (1- There is either no cable Standard 51-58 Critical
Alarm Ch x 16) detected at the specified E1 I/O when (1-16)
channel port on Standard I/O 1-16
OptIO (17-
Card or there is an AIS
32)
condition detected (only for 61-68
active E1 channels). Fault Optional
detection via polling of LIUs on (17-32)
I/O when
Standart I/O card and Optional 17-32
I/O Card when installed. Polling
interval 2 channels per 1 sec.
Report of this alarm in the Turn LED
GUI/Syslog/Alarm history shall orange
indicate whether this is a rather
disconnect or AIS condition. If than RED
both conditions are present,
then the disconnect alarm shall
take precedence over the AIS
alarm.
E1 Test Mode StdIO The user has selected a E1 test N/A 59 Info
mode (loopback or Tx Data).
This alarm shall be set when
the user sets the testmode for
any of the E1 channels, and
cleared when all E1 channels
are not in loopback and Tx Data
is normal.
BERT/LB/CW StdIO This alarm shall be set when N/A 69 Info
Test Mode the user enables either BERT,,
Loopback, or CW mode, and
cleared when all BERT,
Loopback and CW modes are
disabled.


Component RED Code
ODU Fault Lower ODU The ODU has indicated a fault N/A 71 Critical
condition. Fault detection via
polling of ODU or unsolicited
message, if supported. Polling
interval 5 sec. Polling done via
API functional call. Report of
this alarm in the
GUI/Syslog/Alarm history shall
indicate the fault code from the
ODU.
0x01: TXLOS: Indicates too low
signal from IDU to ODU.
0x02: TXFAIL: Indicates Tx part
of radio is malfunctioning
0x04: RXLOS: Rx Loss of signal
indicates a low RSL level.
0x08: RXFAIL: Indicates Rx
part of radio is malfunctioning.
0x10: TXFREQFAIL: Indicates
Tx frequency synthesis failure.
0x20: RXFREQFAIL: Indicates
Rx frequency synthesis failure.
0x40: IFFREQFAIL: Indicates IF
frequency synthesis failure.
0x80: TEMPFAIL: Indicates high
temperature in the RFU.
0x100: POWERFAIL: Indicates
that power supply is
malfunctioning.
ODU Comm ODU The IDU is unable to N/A 72 Critical
Failure Lower communicate with the ODU.
This could be a problem with
the ODU or a problem with the
cable connecting the ODU to
the IDU.


Component RED Code
ODU Fault Upper ODU The ODU has indicated a fault N/A 73 Critical
condition or unsolicited
message, if supported. Fault
detection via polling of ODU.
Polling interval 5 sec. Polling
done via API function call.
Report of this alarm in the
GUI/Syslog/Alarm history shall
indicate the fault code from the
ODU.
0x01: TXLOS: Indicates too low
signal from IDU to ODU.
0x02: TXFAIL: Indicates Tx part
of radio is malfunctioning
0x04: RXLOS: Rx Loss of signal
indicates a low RSL level.
0x08: RXFAIL: Indicates Rx
part of radio is malfunctioning.
0x10: TXFREQFAIL: Indicates
Tx frequency synthesis failure.
0x20: RXFREQFAIL: Indicates
Rx frequency synthesis failure.
0x40: IFFREQFAIL: Indicates IF
frequency synthesis failure.
0x80: TEMPFAIL: Indicates high
temperature in the RFU.
0x100: POWERFAIL: Indicates
that power supply is
malfunctioning.
ODU Comm ODU The IDU is unable to N/A 74 Critical
Failure Upper communicate with the ODU.
This could be a problem with
the ODU or a problem with the
cable connecting the ODU to
the IDU.
Protection Switch MODEM/ODU This alarm shall be set when an N/A 75 Major
AL1 command is received from
the active MODEM/ODU, then
cleared when an AL2 command
is received from the standby
MODEM/ODU. Report of this
alarm in the GUI/Syslog/Alarm
history shall indicate the fault
code from the ODU, if received.
East ATPC Tx at ODU The IDU is unable to increase N/A 76 Info
Max Power the Tx Power as requested by
link partner due to maximum
power being reached. Maximum
power is specified in the
configuration table.
West ATPC Tx at ODU The IDU is unable to increase N/A 78 Info
Max Power the Tx Power as requested by
link partner due to maximum
power being reached. Maximum
power is specified in the
configuration table.


Component RED Code
Link Fault IDU Failed to receive link heartbeat N/A 81 Critical
from link partner via Radio
Overhead (ROH) channel. Fault
detection via timeout counter,
which is reset via reception of
link heartbeat message.
Remote Fault IDU Link Partner IDU indicating it N/A 82 Info
has a fault condition. Local IDU
receives Link Partner Fault
detection via Radio Overhead
(ROH) channel message.
Encryption IDU Data is not being decrypted N/A 83 Critical
Failure properly due to encryption key
mismatch between link
partners. Fault detection via
software detection of
unreadable ROH messages from
link partner.
Encryption IDU Only one IDU has data N/A 84 Major
OneWay encryption enabled. Fault
detection via software
messages to/from link partner.
External Alarm 1 External The external Alarm 1 input has N/A 91 Info
been activated. Fault detection
1 sec.
1 sec.
1 sec.
1 sec.
Remote IDU Link The link partner IDU has N/A 95 Major
Alarm Partner indicated an alarm condition via
IDU ROH.
Remote IDU Link The link partner IDU has N/A 96 Info
External Alarm 1 Partner indicated via ROH its external
External alarm input 1 has been
activated.
activated.
activated.


Component RED Code
activated.
STM Loss of IDU The SDH/SONET clock has lost N/A Solid Critical
Clock lock. Fault detection via polling
of LIU.
STM RS_LOS IDU The SDH/SONET has a Loss of N/A Solid Critical
Signal Defect. Fault detection
via polling of LIU.
STM RS_B1 IDU The SDH/SONET Mux/Demux N/A Solid Major
has a B1 Defect. Fault detection
via polling of RS_B1_T bit in
STM-1 Core. Alternate detection
via Interrupt enabled in STM-1
core.
STM RS_LOF IDU The SDH/SONET Mux/Demux N/A Solid Critical
has a Loss of Frame Defect.
Fault detection via polling of
RS_LOF_T bit in STM-1 Core.
Alternate detection via
Interrupt enabled in STM-1
core.
STM RS_OOF IDU The SDH/SONET Mux/Demux N/A Solid Critical
has a Out of Frame Defect.
RS_OOF_T bit in STM-1 Core.
core.
STM RS_TIM IDU The SDH/SONET Mux/Demux N/A Solid Major
has a Trace Identifier Mismatch
Defect. Fault detection via
polling of RS_TIM_T bit in STM-
1 Core. Alternate detection via
core.
STM MS-AIS IDU The SDH/SONET Mux/Demux N/A Solid Critical
has detected an AIS at the
Multiplexer Level. Fault
detection via polling of
MS_AIS_T bit in STM-1 Core.
core.
STM MS-REI IDU The SDH/SONET Mux/Demux N/A Solid Major
has detected a Remote Error at
the Multiplexer Level. Fault
MS_REI_T bit in STM-1 Core.
core.


Component RED Code
STM MS-RDI IDU The SDH/SONET Mux/Demux N/A Solid Major
has detected an Remote Defect
at the Multiplexer Level. Fault
MS_RDI_T bit in STM-1 Core.
core.
STM MS_B2 IDU The SDH/SONET Mux/Demux N/A Solid Major
has a B2 Defect at the Multiplex
level. Fault detection via polling
of MS_B2_T bit in STM-1 Core.
core.
STM AU-AIS x IDU The SDH/SONET Mux/Demux N/A Solid Critical
has detected an AIS at the AU
Level. Fault detection via polling
of AU_AIS_T bit in STM-1 Core.
Where ‘x’ is the HP index.
core.
STM AU-LOP x IDU The SDH/SONET Mux/Demux N/A Solid Critical
has detected an Loss of Pointer
Defect at the AU Level. Fault
AU_LOP_T bit in STM-1 Core.
core.
STM HP-UNEQ x IDU The SDH/SONET Mux/Demux N/A Solid Major
HP number ‘x’ is Unequipped.
HP_UNEQ_T bit in STM-1 Core.
core.
STM HP-TIM x IDU The SDH/SONET Mux/Demux N/A Solid Major
HP number ‘x’ has a Trace
Identifier Mismatch. Fault
HP_TM_TIM_T bit in STM-1
Core. Where ‘x’ is the HP index.
core.
STM HP-REI x IDU The SDH/SONET Mux/Demux N/A Solid Major
HP number ‘x’ has a Remote
Error Indication. Fault detection
via polling of HP_REI_T bit in
STM-1 Core. Where ‘x’ is the HP
index. Alternate detection via
core.


Component RED Code
STM HP-RDI x IDU The SDH/SONET Mux/Demux N/A Solid Major
HP number ‘x’ has a Remote
Defect Indication. Fault
HP_RDI_T bit in STM-1 Core.
core.
STM HP-PLM x IDU The SDH/SONET Mux/Demux N/A Solid Critical
HP number ‘x’ has a Path
HP_PLM_T bit in STM-1 Core.
core.
STM HP_B3 x IDU The SDH/SONET Mux/Demux N/A Solid Major
HP number ‘x’ has a CRC Error.
HP_B3_T bit in STM-1 Core.
core.
STM TU-LOM lkm IDU The SDH/SONET Mux/Demux N/A Solid Critical
TU number ‘x’ has a Loss of
Multiframe. Fault detection via
polling of TU_LOMF_T bit in
STM-1 Core. Where ‘lkm’ is the
TU index as LKM numbering.
core.
STM TU-AIS lkm IDU The SDH/SONET Mux/Demux N/A Solid Critical
TU number ‘x’ has an AIS. Fault
TU_AIS_T bit in STM-1 Core.
Where ‘lkm’ is the TU index as
LKM numbering. Alternate
detection via Interrupt enabled
in STM-1 core.
STM TU-LOP lkm IDU The SDH/SONET Mux/Demux N/A Solid Critical
TU number ‘x’ has a Loss of
Pointer Defect. Fault detection
via polling of TU_LOP_T bit in
STM-1 Core. Where ‘lkm’ is the
TU index as LKM numbering.
core.


Component RED Code
STM LP-UNEQ IDU The SDH/SONET Mux/Demux LP N/A Solid Major
lkm number ‘x’ is Unequipped. Fault
LP_UNEQ_T bit in STM-1 Core.
Where ‘lkm’ is the LP index as
in STM-1 core.
STM LP-TIM lkm IDU The SDH/SONET Mux/Demux LP N/A Solid Major
number ‘x’ has a Trace
LP_TM_TIM_T bit in STM-1
Core. Where ‘lkm’ is the LP
index as LKM numbering.
core.
STM LP-REI lkm IDU The SDH/SONET Mux/Demux LP N/A Solid Mahor
number ‘x’ has a Remote Error
Indication. Fault detection via
polling of LP_REI_T bit in STM-1
core.
STM LP-RDI lkm IDU The SDH/SONET Mux/Demux LP N/A Solid Major
number ‘x’ has a Remote Defect
polling of LP_RDI_T bit in STM-
1 Core. Where ‘lkm’ is the LP
core.
STM LP-PLM lkm IDU The SDH/SONET Mux/Demux LP N/A Solid Critical
number ‘x’ has a Path Identifier
Mismatch. Fault detection via
polling of LP_PLM_T bit in STM-
1 Core. Where ‘lkm’ is the LP
core.
STM LP-RFI lkm IDU The SDH/SONET Mux/Demux LP N/A Solid Critical
number ‘x’ has a Remote Fault
polling of LP_RFI_T bit in STM-1
core.


Component RED Code
STM LP-BIP2 lkm IDU The SDH/SONET Mux/Demux LP N/A Solid Major
number ‘x’ has a CRC Error.
LP_BIP2_T bit in STM-1 Core.
Where ‘lkm’ is the LP index as
in STM-1 core.
CFQ-SD-IDU IDU During power-up raise then N/A Solid Info
Power-Up lower this alarm.
CFQ-SD-IDU Re- IDU When a user reboots the CFQ- N/A Solid Info
boot SD-IDU, raise then lower this
alarm prior to re-booting.
NTP Update IDU When the system time is N/A Solid Info
updated via NTP raise then
lower this alarm. The previous
system time and new system
time should be noted in the
alarm log, snmp trap, and
syslog messages.
Remote IDU When a remote reconfiguration N/A Solid Info
Reconfiguration fails and the original
Failure configuration is restored after
timeout, raise then lower this
alarm.
FPGA IDU When the FPGA programming N/A Solid Critical
Programming fails, this alarm shall be set.
Failure
7.2 Abbreviations & Acronyms

A/D, ADC Analog-to-Digital, Analog-to-Digital Converter
ABAM Designation of Lucent for twisted pair cable to connect ADM
switch to E1 distribution panel
ADM Add/Drop Multiplexer
ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation
AdTPC Adaptive Power Control
AES Advanced Encryption Standard
AGC Auto Gain Control
AIS Alarm Indication Signal
API Application Programming Interface
ASIC Advanced Single Chip Modem
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
AU Administrative Unit
AWG American Wire Gauge
BER Bit Error Rate
BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying

CC Convolutional Code
CLEC Competitive Local Exchange Carrier
CMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio
CO Central Office
Codec Coder-Decoder
CPE Customer Premise Equipment
CPFSK Continuous-Phase Frequency Shift Keying
CPU Central Processing Unit
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
CSU Channel Service Unit
CTPC Constant Transmit Power Control
CW Continuous Wave
D/A, DAC Digital-to-Analog, Digital-to-Analog Converter
DB Decibel
DBc Decibel relative to carrier
DBm Decibel relative to 1 mW
DBu Decibel relative to .775 Vrms
DCE Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment
DMM Digital Modem Module
DSP Digital Signal Processing
DSTL Digital Studio-Transmitter Link
DTE Data Terminal Equipment
DVM Digital Voltmeter
Eb/No Signal-to-Noise Ratio
EIA Electronics Industries Alliance
EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power
EMI Electromagnetic Interference
EMS Element Management System
ESD Electrostatic Discharge/Electrostatic Damage
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
FCC Federal Communications Commission
FEC Forward Error Correction
FET Field effect transistor
FMO Frequency Modulation Oscillator
FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
FSK Frequency Shift Keying
FE1 Fractional E1
GPI General Purpose Input

GPS Global Positioning System

GUI Graphical User Interface
HP High-order Path
HP OpenView® Hewlett Packard’s network management product
HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
IC Integrated circuit
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IF Intermediate frequency
IMD Intermodulation Distortion
IP Internet Protocol
ISDN Integrated-Services Digital Network
ISM Industrial, Scientific, and Medical
ISP Internet Service Provider
ITU International Telecommunications Union
Kbps Kilobits per second
kHz Kilohertz
LAN Local Area Network
LED Light-emitting diode
LIU Line Interface Unit
LKM Loadable Kernel Module
LO, LO1 Local oscillator, first local oscillator
LOS Line of Sight
LP Low-order Path
LSB Least significant bit
MAN Metropolitan Area Network
Mbps Megabits per second
MIB Management Information Base
MMW Millimeter Wave
Modem Modulator-demodulator
ms Millisecond
MSB Most significant bit
MUX Multiplex, Multiplexer
μs Microsecond
μV Microvolts
NAD27 North American Datum (1927)
NC Normally closed
NIC Network Interface Card

NMS Network Management System

NO Normally open
NOC Network Operations Center
NTP Network Time Protocol
OAM&P Operations, Administration, Maintenance, and Provisioning
OC-3 Optical Carrier level 3
ODU Outdoor Unit
OS Operating System
PCB Printed circuit board
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PGM Program
PHY Physical Layer
PLL Phase-Locked Loop
POP Point of Presence
PRBS Pseudo Random Bit Stream
PSK Phase Shift Keying
PTT Push-To-Talk
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
R Transmission Rate
RF Radio Frequency
ROH Radio Overhead
RPTR Repeater
RS Reed Solomon Code
RSL Received Signal Level (in dBm)
RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator/Indication
RU Rack Unit
RX Receiver
SCA Subsidiary Communications Authorization
SCADA Security Control and Data Acquisition
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio
SONET Synchronous Optical Network
SPDT (Form C Single Pole, Double Throw
relay)
SQM Signal Quality Metric

SRD Step Recovery Diode

STL Studio-Transmitter Link
STM-1 Synchronous Transport Module 1
TCM Trellis Coded Modulation
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TDM Time Division Multiplexing
THD Total harmonic distortion
TP Test Point
TTL Transistor-transistor logic
TU Tributary Unit
TX Transmitter
VDC Volts Direct Current
VOIP Voice Over Internet Protocol
VOW Voice Orderwire
Vp Volts peak
VPN Virtual Private Network
Vp-p Volts peak-to-peak
Vrms Volts root-mean-square
VRMS Volts, root-mean-square
VSWR Voltage standing-wave ratio
WAN Wide Area Network
ZIN Input Impedance

ZOUT Output Impedance
7.3 Conversion Chart
Equation to convert volts to dBm

V = voltage (1 microvolt μV = 1.0e-6 volts)
R = system impedance (50 ohms)
microvolts to dBm (impedance = 50 ohms)

microvolts dBm microvolts dBm
0.10 -127.0 180 -61.9
0.25 -119.0 200 -61.0
0.50 -113.0 250 -59.0
0.70 -110.1 300 -57.4
1.0 -107.0 350 -56.1

microvolts dBm microvolts dBm

1.4 -104.1 400 -54.9
2.0 -101.0 450 -53.9
2.5 -99.0 500 -53.0
3.0 -97.4 600 -51.4
3.5 -96.1 700 -50.1
4.0 -94.9 800 -48.9
4.5 -93.9 900 -47.9
5.0 -93.0 1,000 -47.0
6.0 -91.4 1,200 -45.4
7.0 -90.1 1,400 -44.1
8.0 -88.9 1,600 -42.9
9.0 -87.9 1,800 -41.9
10 -87.0 2,000 -41.0
11 -86.2 2,500 -39.0
12 -85.4 3,000 -37.4
14 -84.1 3,500 -36.1
16 -82.9 4,000 -34.9
18 -81.9 4,500 -33.9
20 -81.0 5,000 -33.0
25 -79.0 6,000 -31.4
30 -77.4 7,000 -30.1
35 -76.1 8,000 -28.9
40 -74.9 9,000 -27.9
45 -73.9 10,000 -27.0
50 -73.0 22.36 mV -20 (10 mW)
60 -71.4 70.7 mV -10(100 mW)
70 -70.1 223.6 mV 0 (1 mW)
80 -68.9 707.1 mV +10 (10mW)
90 -67.9 2.23 V +20(100 mW)
100 -67.0 7.07 V +30 (1 W)
120 -65.4 15.83 V +37 (5 W)
140 -64.1 22.36 V +40 (10 W)
160 -62.9

7.4 CFQ-SD-IDU Modes

ID Name Ch Modulation #E1 E1 Eth Payload Eth Payload Eth NMS,
BW 1, Mbps 2, Mbps Mbps
1 2E1- Eth100-40 28.0 128QAM 2 E1 100 40 1.0
2 1E1 and 78Eth 28.0 32QAM 1 E1 78 0 0.5
3 2E1 and 76Eth 28.0 32QAM 2 E1 76 0 0.5
4 3E1 and 74Eth 28.0 32QAM 3 E1 74 0 0.5
5 4E1 and 72Eth 28.0 32QAM 4 E1 72 0 0.5
6 5E1 and 70Eth 28.0 32QAM 5 E1 70 0 0.5
7 6E1 and 68Eth 28.0 32QAM 6 E1 68 0 0.5
8 7E1 and 66Eth 28.0 32QAM 7 E1 66 0 0.5
9 8E1 and 64Eth 28.0 32QAM 8 E1 64 0 0.5
10 9E1 and 62Eth 28.0 32QAM 9 E1 62 0 0.5
11 10E1 and 60Eth 28.0 32QAM 10 E1 60 0 0.5
12 11E1 and 58Eth 28.0 32QAM 11 E1 58 0 0.5
13 12E1 and 56Eth 28.0 32QAM 12 E1 56 0 0.5
14 13E1 and 54Eth 28.0 32QAM 13 E1 54 0 0.5
15 14E1 and 52Eth 28.0 32QAM 14 E1 52 0 0.5
16 15E1 and 50Eth 28.0 32QAM 15 E1 50 0 0.5
17 16E1 and 48Eth 28.0 32QAM 16 E1 48 0 0.5
18 Ethernet-90-28 28.0 64QAM 0 E1 90 0 5.0
19 1E1 and 88Eth 28.0 32QAM 1 E1 88 0 5.0
20 2E1 and 86Eth 28.0 32QAM 2 E1 86 0 5.0
21 3E1 and 84Eth 28.0 32QAM 3 E1 84 0 5.0
22 4E1 and 82Eth 28.0 32QAM 4 E1 82 0 5.0
23 5E1 and 80Eth 28.0 32QAM 5 E1 80 0 4.0
24 6E1 and 78Eth 28.0 32QAM 6 E1 78 0 5.0
25 7E1 and 76Eth 28.0 32QAM 7 E1 76 0 5.0
26 8E1 and 74Eth 28.0 32QAM 8 E1 74 0 5.0
27 9E1 and 72Eth 28.0 32QAM 9 E1 72 0 5.0
28 10E1 and 70Eth 28.0 32QAM 10 E1 70 0 5.0
29 11E1 and 68Eth 28.0 32QAM 11 E1 68 0 4.0
30 12E1 and 66Eth 28.0 32QAM 12 E1 66 0 5.0


31 13E1 and 64Eth 28.0 32QAM 13 E1 64 0 4.0
32 14E1 and 62Eth 28.0 32QAM 14 E1 62 0 5.0
33 15E1 and 60Eth 28.0 32QAM 15 E1 60 0 5.0
34 16E1 and 58Eth 28.0 32QAM 16 E1 58 0 5.0
35 Ethernet-100-28 28.0 64QAM 0 E1 100 0 10.0
36 1E1 and 98Eth 28.0 32QAM 1 E1 98 0 5.0
37 2E1 and 96Eth 28.0 64QAM 2 E1 96 0 5.0
38 3E1 and 94Eth 28.0 64QAM 3 E1 94 0 5.0
39 4E1 and 92Eth 28.0 64QAM 4 E1 92 0 5.0
40 5E1 and 90Eth 28.0 64QAM 5 E1 90 0 4.0
41 6E1 and 88Eth 28.0 64QAM 6 E1 88 0 5.0
42 7E1 and 86Eth 28.0 64QAM 7 E1 86 0 5.0
43 8E1 and 84Eth 28.0 64QAM 8 E1 84 0 5.0
44 9E1 and 82Eth 28.0 64QAM 9 E1 82 0 4.0
45 10E1 and 80Eth 28.0 64QAM 10 E1 80 0 5.0
46 11E1 and 78Eth 28.0 64QAM 11 E1 78 0 5.0
47 12E1 and 76Eth 28.0 64QAM 12 E1 76 0 5.0
48 13E1 and 74Eth 28.0 64QAM 13 E1 74 0 5.0
49 14E1 and 72Eth 28.0 64QAM 14 E1 72 0 5.0
50 15E1 and 70Eth 28.0 64QAM 15 E1 70 0 5.0
51 16E1 and 68Eth 28.0 64QAM 16 E1 68 0 5.0
52 16E1 and 100Eth 28.0 128QAM 16 E1 100 0 1.0
53 155Eth 28.0 128QAM 0 E1 152 0 0.5
54 2E1 and 150Eth 28.0 128QAM 2 E1 152 0 0.5
55 4E1 and 144Eth 28.0 128QAM 4 E1 144 0 0.5
56 6E1 and 140Eth 28.0 128QAM 6 E1 144 0 0.5
57 8E1 and 136Eth 28.0 128QAM 8 E1 136 0 0.5
58 10E1 and 132Eth 28.0 128QAM 10 E1 136 0 0.5
59 12E1 and 128Eth 28.0 128QAM 12 E1 128 0 0.5
60 14E1 and 124Eth 28.0 128QAM 14 E1 128 0 0.5
61 16E1 and 120Eth 28.0 128QAM 16 E1 120 0 0.5


62 18E1 and 116Eth 28.0 128QAM 18 E1 120 0 0.5
63 20E1 and 112Eth 28.0 128QAM 20 E1 112 0 0.5
64 22E1 and 108Eth 28.0 128QAM 22 E1 112 0 0.5
65 24E1 and 104Eth 28.0 128QAM 24 E1 104 0 0.5
66 26E1 and 100Eth 28.0 128QAM 26 E1 100 0 0.5
67 28E1 and 96Eth 28.0 128QAM 28 E1 96 0 0.5
68 30E1 and 92Eth 28.0 128QAM 30 E1 92 0 0.5
69 32E1 and 88Eth 28.0 128QAM 32 E1 88 0 0.5
70 Eth100-40 28.0 128QAM 0 E1 100 40 0.5
71 Eth100-55 28.0 128QAM 0 E1 100 55 0.5
72 Eth78-78 28.0 128QAM 0 E1 78 78 1.0
73 2E1 - Eth100-50 28.0 128QAM 2 E1 100 50 0.5
74 4E1 - Eth100-46 28.0 128QAM 4 E1 100 46 0.5
75 6E1 - Eth100-42 28.0 128QAM 6 E1 100 42 0.5
76 8E1 - Eth100-38 28.0 128QAM 8 E1 100 38 0.5
77 10E1 - Eth100-34 28.0 128QAM 10 E1 100 34 0.5
78 12E1 - Eth100-30 28.0 128QAM 12 E1 100 30 0.5
79 14E1 - Eth100-25 28.0 128QAM 14 E1 100 25 0.5
80 16E1 - Eth100-20 28.0 128QAM 16 E1 100 20 0.5
81 16E1 - Eth60-60 28.0 128QAM 16 E1 60 60 0.5
82 STM1 28.0 128QAM 0 E1 0 0 0.5
83 STM1 - 4Eth 28.0 128QAM 0 E1 4 0 0.5
84 STM1-1E1-2Eth 28.0 128QAM 1 E1 2 0 0.5

CQ IDU+ODU Technical Description

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CQ IDU+ODU Technical Description

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SAF Tehnika

CFQ Digital Radio

User Reference and Installation Manual

REV Date Reason

1.0 29.05.2005. Initial Release

1.1 30.04.2007. Gbit Ethernet module description added

1.2 18.06.2007. CFQ-SD-IDU modes added

1.3 13.07.2007. CFQ Application Examples added, 0

1.4 13.09.2007. CFQ Application Examples appended

1.5 30.01.2008 CFQ Application Examples expanded;

1.8 26.06.2008 Data on Wideband ODU added

1.9 11.09.2008 Revision

1.10 29.09.2008 Section 2.9 “Configuration Examples”

1.13 13.03.2009 Section 3.7.2.2 expanded;

RF Energy Health Hazard

Protection from Lightning

Protection from RF Burns

Risk of Personal Injury from Fiber Optics

Warning - This is a Class A product

CFQ Digital Radio © SAF Tehnika A/S Rev. 1.14

Warning - Turn off all power before servicing

Caution - Battery must be replaced correctly

CFQ Digital Radio © SAF Tehnika A/S Rev. 1.14

CFQ Digital Radio © SAF Tehnika A/S Rev. 1.14

Figure 2.1. CFQ-SD-IDU/ODU Architecture

Powerful adaptive equalizer Frequency independent and Scalable.

Complete support of payload capacity with additional voice orderwire

Separate networks for radio Lowers total cost of ownership.

CFQ Digital Radio © SAF Tehnika A/S Rev. 1.14

Benefits Advantages to Providers/Customers Reference

Ring/consecutive point networks can Minimizes total cost of ownership and

Networks can be expanded by adding

A separate management channel allows

Adaptive Power Control

Comprehensive Link/Network Management Software

Simplifies network upgrades with remote

Allows for mass deployment.

2.3 System Features

CFQ Digital Radio © SAF Tehnika A/S Rev. 1.14

2.4 Physical Description

2.4.1 Front Panel Indicators with LED Descriptions

CFQ Digital Radio © SAF Tehnika A/S Rev. 1.14

Controller Status LED

Figure 2.2. CFQ-SD-IDU LEDs: Front Panel, 1+0 Configuration

2.4.1.2 Controller Status LED

2.4.2 Front Panel Connections

CFQ Digital Radio © SAF Tehnika A/S Rev. 1.14

Power Voice Orderwire Ethernet 8/16×E1 STM-1

Figure 2.3. CFQ-SD-IDU, 1+1 Protection: Front Panel Connections

CFQ Digital Radio © SAF Tehnika A/S Rev. 1.14

Voice Orderwire Connector

Data Orderwire Connector

NMS 10/100 Network Management System Connections

CFQ-100/Ethernet Models: Ethernet 100BaseT Connections

1000/Ethernet Models: Ethernet 100 Mbps Connections

STM-1 (optical) Connection (Optional Mini IO)

STM-1 (electrical) Connection (Optional Mini IO)

CFQ Digital Radio © SAF Tehnika A/S Rev. 1.14

2.4.3 CFQ-SD-IDU Modules

A minimum of five modules are required in a basic CFQ-SD-IDU configured for

Figure 2.4 CFQ-SD-IDU Modules

CFQ Digital Radio © SAF Tehnika A/S Rev. 1.14

2.4.3.1 New modules: CFQ-SD-IDU with 42E1 Master IO module

• Compatible with expansion modules: