Experiment No.

Objectives:
 To perform creep test on different specimen

Problem Statement:
The creep of metals and alloys is very important for some types of engineering designs, particularly
those, operating at elevated temperatures. For example an engineer selecting an alloy for the
turbine blades, must choose an alloy with a very low creep rate that the blades can remain in service
for a long period of time. Similarly consider the automotive exhaust manifold. Creeps and rupture
is very important in this case, because the manifold has to operate at elevated temperature and can
creep if the material is not of the required properties. In this experiment you will study how
materials creep at constantly applied load.

Theory:
Creep is a property of great importance in materials used at high temperature. It may be defined
as a continuous slow plastic deformation under constant conditions of loads. Under certain
combinations of stress and temperature, all materials when subjected to constant stress will
exhibit an increase of strain extent at all temperatures, although the engineering metals, such as
steel, aluminium and copper creep, which is often accompanied by micro structural changes.

Creep in Metals:
A creep test is carried out by applying a constant load to a specimen and observing the increase
in strain (or extension) with time. A typical extension-time curve is shown in Figure. Three
regions can be readily identified on the curve:
1 to 2 Primary Creep:
Creep proceeds at a diminishing rate due to work hardening of the metal.

2 to 3 Secondary Creep:
Creep proceeds at a constant rate because a balance is achieved between the work hardening and
annealing (thermal softening) processes.

3 to 4 Tertiary Creep:
The creep rate increases due to necking of the specimen and the associated increase in local stress,
Failure occurs at point 4.

Creep Terminology
Creep buckling:
Failure occurs when, after a period of time, the creep process results in an unstable combination
of the loading and geometry of a machine part so that the critical buckling limit is exceeded and
failure ensues
Creep Rupture:

Is an extension of the creep process to the limiting condition where the stressed member actually
separates into two parts.

Apparatus:
Creep measurement apparatus is shown in fig 2.
Procedure:
1. Create a blank table of time v/s extension.
2. You will need a timer, with an accuracy of one second.
3. Put the weight hanger in position and fit its support pin in its highest hole to hold the arm
up and ready for the test specimen 5
4. .Fit the specimen into place between the black support block and the arm, and fit the pins

5. Put the transparent cover into place around the specimen. Make sure that the thermometer
is in its hole in the top of the cover and its tip is near to the specimen. Wait for at least five
minutes for the temperature reading to stabilize, and then record the temperature around
the specimen.
6. Fit a suitable weight to the Weight Hanger, to give a stress that gives the longest test time
that you can allow.
7. Carefully remove the Weight Hanger support pin from the highest hole in the Weight
Hanger.
8. Switch on the digital indicator and press its button to set its display to zero.
9. Lift the Weight Hanger and support it while you fit the support pin in the lowest hole.
10. Gently (and at the same time) - let go of the Weight Hanger and start your timer.
11. Record the specimen extension every 30 seconds (0.5 minutes), until it fractures or stops
extending due to the limits of the machine.

12. Repeat the test on new specimens at higher loads (stresses), so that you have a set of at
least two more stress results.
Analysis for report:

Tabulate the values and draw a graph between the time and extension of the specimen. Draw a
smooth curve, this graph should similar to that shown in figure.
 TABLE

For Lead For Teflon

Time (minutes) Extension (mm) Time (minutes) Extension (mm)
1 .55 1 3
2 .74 2 4.25
3 .9 3 5.49
4 1.05 4 6.29
5 1.17 5 6.89
6 1.28 6 7.39
7 1.4 7 7.75
8 1.51 8 7.88
9 1.62 9 8.15
10 1.725 10 8.44
11 1.83 11 8.65
12 1.94 12 8.98
13 2.04 13 9.65 (Fracture)
14 2.14
15 2.24
16 2.34
17 2.44
18 2.55
19 2.65
20 2.77
21 2.95
22 3.19
23 3.5 (Fracture)