Aram Nasih Muhammad Mass Transfer

1 Aram Nasih Muhammad
Student name: Aram Nasih Muhammad

Class : 3rd stage
Course title: Mass Transfer II
Department : Chemical Engineering
Faculty of engineering
Soran university
Academic year 2019-2020
Page 1 of 27
First Part: Report
1. Why we are study these chapters and what are we get as benefits?
Mass switch is the primary subject of Chemical Engineering. A Chemical Engineer need to recognise that how
an operation is taking region as an instance ammonia dissolves in water we understand that but how dissolves?
Mass transfer tells us the mechanisms and Concentrations among specific stages. all the primary operations in
industries is based upon mass transfer. some crucial are Distillation( maximum critical procedure in Petroleum
enterprise is Fractional distillation ), Absorption, Adsorption, Leaching, Solvent Extraction or Liquid Liquid
Extraction, Evaporation and many more. so to apprehend the mechanism of transfer because of distinction in
concentrations is defined via mass transfer and that why it's far very essential concern for Chemical Engineers.
2. As chemical engineering talk about your practical live and these subjects.
3. Talk about the distillation types and give example for each type in industries.
We have two main type of distillation (continuous and batch ) distillation:
Continuous distillation : Continuous distillation is a process in which a chemical mixture is continuously

fed into a distillation column where its contents are separated through selective boiling. It is used
extensively in crude oil refining to produce petroleum products, such as gasoline, lubricants, fuel oil,
waxes, and petrochemicals.
Page 2 of 27
Example about continuous distillation (flash distillation):
Flash distillation: Flash distillation (sometimes called "equilibrium distillation") is a single stage separation
technique and one of the simplest separation processes. A liquid stream containing several components is
partially vaporised in a ”flash drum” at a certain pressure and temperature. This results in two phases: a vapor
phase, enriched in the more volatile components, and a liquid phase, enriched in the less volatile components.
Page 3 of 27
Batch distillation: Batch distillation in conceptually similar to continuous distillation in terms of the equipment
and mode of operation generally employed. However the design of a batch distillation system is more
complicated because of the transient nature of the operation and because there may be several ways in which the
overall separations required may be accomplished.
Example about batch distillation (steam distillation):
Steam Distillation: Steam distillation is carried out by passing dry steam through the plant material whereby the
steam volatile compounds are volatilized, condensed and collected in receivers. Steam distillation has been in
use for essential oil extraction for many years. Hydro steam distillation is carried out when the perfumery plant
material is susceptible to direct steam. In this technique the plant material is supported on a screen or a
perforated grid placed at some distance above the bottom of the still. Distillation is carried out with low
pressure steam which replaces the volatile compounds from the intact plant material.
Page 4 of 27
4. Why we need to find minimum reflux ratio and minimum number of plates? In
distillation .
The Minimum Reflux Ratio (R min) is the lowest value of reflux at which separation can be achieved even with
an infinite number of plates. It is possible to achieve a separation at any reflux ratio above the minimum reflux
ratio. As the reflux ratio increases, the number of theoretical plates required decreases. The minimum number of
trays to make a specified separation is found when an infinitely large reflux ratio is used.
5. Talk about multiple side streams and multiple components distillation. Give an example
for each subjects as calculation.
Multiple component distillation: fixing one element composition doesn't apparently confirm the other element
compositions and therefore the prepare temperature. additionally once the feed contains over two elements it's
unimaginable to point the whole composition of the highest and bottom merchandise independently. The
separation between the highest and bottom merchandise is sometimes indicated by, setting limits on 2 "key
components", between that it's desired to make the separation.
Page 5 of 27
Multiple side stream : This kind of column configuration is typical of the petrochemical plants, where the most
common running unit operation is the fractional distillation. This consists in splitting a mixture of various
components, the crude oil, into its components. Because of their different boiling temperatures, the components
(or so-called fractions) of the crude oil are separated at different level (i.e. plate) of the column, where different
boiling temperatures are present. The fractions are then withdrawn from the plate where they form, therefore the
column presents numerous side strems. For the moment being, let's simply take into consideration the here
below column with only one side stream.
6. Talk about the leaching, explain where we are using this process and give some examples in
industries.
Leaching is a process of mass transfer that occurs by extracting a substance from a solid material that has come
into contact with the liquid. Leaching is the natural process by which water soluble substances are washed out
from soil or wastes. Most importantly, leaching is applied in the metals processing industry to remove the
desired metals from their ores, which are usually formed by many unwanted components. Gold, for instance, is
leached from its ore using an aqueous cyanide solution. For example:
•In the metals industry for removing mineral from ores (acid solvents).
•In the sugar industry for removing sugar from beets (water is solvent).
•In the oilseeds industry for removing oil from soya beans (hexane or any other organic solvent).
Page 6 of 27
Second Part: Problem Solving and Open Book
{Q1}
Page 7 of 27
{Q2}
Page 8 of 27
Page 9 of 27
{Q4}
Page 10 of 27
Page 11 of 27
{Q5}
Page 12 of 27
Page 13 of 27
Page 14 of 27
Page 15 of 27
{Q6}
Page 16 of 27
Page 17 of 27
{Q7}
Page 18 of 27
Page 19 of 27
Page 20 of 27
Page 21 of 27
{Q8}
Page 22 of 27
Page 23 of 27
{Q9}
Page 24 of 27
Page 25 of 27
Page 26 of 27
Page 27 of 27

Aram Nasih Muhammad Mass Transfer

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Aram Nasih Muhammad Mass Transfer

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

1 Aram Nasih Muhammad

Student name: Aram Nasih Muhammad

First Part: Report

We have two main type of distillation (continuous and batch ) distillation:

Continuous distillation : Continuous distillation is a process in which a chemical mixture is continuously

Example about continuous distillation (flash distillation):

Example about batch distillation (steam distillation):

Second Part: Problem Solving and Open Book

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen