Static Relays

Static relays which essentially consist of electronic circuitry to

develop all those characteristics which are achieved by moving
.parts in an electro-magnetic relay
For example, in an induction type relay the operating time can
be adjusted by adjusting the distance travelled by the disc
whereas in a static relay it can be achieved by adjusting the
value of the resistance in the R-C time delay circuit. In other
words static relays are capable of performing the same
functions with the use of electronic circuit control as an
electro-magnetic relay performs with the use of moving parts or
.elements

Static relays are superior to electro-magnetic relays

:in the following aspects

 The moving parts and the contacts are largely

eliminated. The only moving element in a static relay is
the final tripping contact.
 C.T.s and P.T.s employed are of lesser VA rating as
static relays require a very little volt-ampere for their
operation.
 More precise and high speed operation.
: Structure

: Static relay consists of following units for operation

1) Auxiliary Voltage Supply 24 V DC supply is required for

energizing the circuitry of the static relay. This is obtained
by converting 230 V AC to 24 V DC and in some cases
station battery voltage of 110 V to 24 V DC.
2) Comprator : It compares the actual quantity with the pre-
set quantity. For example in an over-current relay it will
compare the actual current supplied by CT with the pre-
determined set current over which tripping is required.
3) Time delay Elements:The required operation time is
achieved here by adjusting the values of R and C.
4) Logic Circuit:By using the gate circuits conditions of
operation of relays are set and relay can only be operated
when these conditions are satisfied.
5) Output Device:The actual tripping of relay can be achieved
by firing the SCR or operating the attracted armature type
relay by feeding the signal coming from logic circuit
output.
: References

 Induction Type Relays. CircuitManiac.com. Accessed March 8th,

2012.
 Fundamental Relay-Operating Principles and Characteristics.
G.E. Digital Energy. Accessed March 8th, 2012.
 Electromagnetic Relays

A relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under

.the control of another electrical circuit
A relay has at least two circuits. One circuit can be used to
control another circuit. The 1st circuit (input circuit) supplies
current to the electromagnet. The electromagnet is
.magnetised and attracts one end of the iron armature

The armature is then closes the contacts (2nd switch) and allows
current flows in the second circuit. When the 1st switch is open
again, the current to the electromagnet is cut, the electromagnet
loses its magnetism and the 2nd switch is opened. Thus current
stop to flow in the 2nd circuit.
The electromagnetic relay consists of a multi-turn coil, wound
.on an iron core, to form an electromagnet
When the coil is energised, by passing current through it, the
.core becomes temporarily magnetised
.The magnetised core attracts the iron armature
The armature is pivoted which causes it to operate one or
.more sets of contacts
When the coil is de-energised the armature and contacts are
.released
The coil can be energised from a low power source such as a
transistor while the contacts can switch high powers such as
.the mains supply
The relay can also be situated remotely from the control
.source
Relays can generate a very high voltage across the coil when
.switched off
.This can damage other components in the circuit
.To prevent this a diode is connected across the coil
The cathode of the diode is connected to the most positive
.end of the coil
The springsets (contacts) can be a mixture of n.o  n.c and 
c.o. Look at the page on switches to see how they can be
used in circuits.Various coil operating voltages (ac and dc)
are available.The actual contact points on the springsets are
available for high current and low current operation.The
REED RELAY has a much faster operation than the relays
.described above

The circuit above is a motor

control circuit using a low
voltage relay to control a high
.power motor
When the "start" button is
pushed, the 12 volt circuit is completed and the relay is
energised. The three sets of contacts close and 240 volts is
.applied to the motor
Since there is now a closed relay contact across the "start "
switch, when the button is released the relay continues to be
energised and the motor continues to run.  The relay has
.""latched on
When the "stop" button is pushed the 12 volt circuit is
.broken. The relay is de-energised and the motor stops
 ‫خالد ربيع عبد الفتاح أحمد‬
) 4 ( ‫سكشن‬
) 11 ( ‫رقم‬

Static Relay and

Electromagnetic Relay