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DATA STORAGE
With lossless compression, all data form original file is reconstructed when the file is
again uncompressed. It is important for files where there is no loss of data.
With lossy compression unnecessary bits of data is eliminated as seen in mp3 and Jpeg.
CHAPTER 2: COMMUNICATION AND INTERNET
TECHNOLOGY
DATA TRANSMISSION
is transfer of data through cables or radio waves, data is transferred as steam of bits.
SERIAL TRANSMISSION uses a single wire to transfer data (send 1 bit at a time)
Single wire is cheap to build and transmit over long distance, slower transmission of data,
safer transmission as it is accurately the bits together.
Use of serial transmission is in USB
PARALLEL TRANSMISSION multiples wires to transfer data (8 bits at a time)
Used over short distances, more expensive, quicker transmission, less safe as bits are sent
simultaneously.
Use of parallel transmission is in INTEGRATED CIRCUIT, BUSSES.
Interference is disturbances that can occur in signal when sending data that may corrupt
it.
SIMPLEX TRANSMISSION data is sent in one direction only. For e.g. data being
transmitted form a computer to printer
HALF DUPLEX TRANSMISSION data is sent in both direction but 1 direction at a
time. For e.g. a walkie talkie: both persons can talk but on person at a time.
FULL DUPLEX TRANSMISSION data is sent in both direction at the same time. For
e.g. a telephone conversation where both people can speak at the same time.
ERROR DETECTION ND CORRECTION: checksum- the number of bits
transmitted is counted up and this numeric count is transmitted with data receiver can see
if the same number was sent. If count match then transmission is correct
Parity check- uses a parity bit to make sure data was transmitted accurately.in parity
check, first 7 bits are data itself, last bit is parity bit. Parity check can use odd or even
parity all bits are added together and depending whether odd or even parity is used a 1 or
0 will be added as finally parity bit.
Check digit- used on identification of numbers like barcodes, ISBNs and bank account
number. Calculation is performed using the digits in the identification number and a
check digit added to end of number as result computer performs same calculation to
compare result to check digit. If it matches, number is correct.
Automatic repeat request- when device receiving data detects errors a request is sent to
device transmitting data to resend the packet. The request will be send repeatedly until
the packet is error free.