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An artificial satellite is a space craft. It orbits the Earth at a fixed distance. They are sent to space on
various purposes such as communication, remote sensing, military purposes, space astronomy etc.
However, the main purpose of satellites is communication. They bring the world together. It is with the
help of communication satellites we enjoy the thrill of Olympic games, World Cup Football, Asian
Games or the World Cup Cricket finals being played anywhere in the world. How does CNN or BBC
news come to us? How does the weather forecast come to us? They all are communicated with the help
of satellites orbiting the Earth.
The first artificial satellite, Sputnik I was launched by Soviet Russia (USSR) on 4 th October 1957.
There was a competition between the USSR and the United States of America at the beginning. Later,
other countries like France, China, India and Japan too started launching their own satellites for various
purposes, mainly for communication. The world became a single village as a result of satellite
communication. There are commercial satellites such as TELSTAR, INTELSAT etc. providing
communication facilities for the whole world.
Geo stationary satellites orbit the Earth at a distance of 35900 km and take 24 hours to orbit. That’s
why they appear almost at the same time of the day in the sky. At the moment there are more than 3000
satellites orbiting the Earth!
All these satellites communicate with communication stations built at various places on Earth. Dish
Antennas are used to communicate between a satellite and a communication centre. In countries where
there are satellite television services, people receive TV programmes telecast by hundreds of TV
stations all over the world with the help of a dish antenna.
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Prepared By : Mrs Thanuja de Silva