1. Explain the different skills required at different levels of management?

Technical skills: technical skills are concerned with what is done. These pertain to
knowledge & proficiency in activities involving methods and procedures. These involve
working with specific tools & techniques. Such skills are learned by accountants,
engineers, & time & motion study men, & are developed by the actual practice on the
job.

Human skills: Human skills, also referred to as human relation skills, involve to
work effectively with others on a person- to - person basis & to build up cooperative
group relations to accomplish organizational objectives. Such skills are required to
motivate & lead people in the organization in such a way that not only personal
satisfaction is achieved but organizational objectives also achieved.

Conceptual skills: Conceptual skills or general management skills are concerned

with why a thing is done. These skills refer to the ability to see the whole picture; to
recognize significant elements in a situation; & to understand the relationship among
these elements. Such skills are necessary to deal with abstractions, to set models, & to
formulate plans.

TOP MANAGEMENT SKILLS:

In the academic world, much attention has been focused on the skills & their
development in top management because this level is the major driving force in an
organization. Osmond has identified eight specific skills required for a top- level
manager. These are skills relating to balancing, integrating, setting priorities, setting
& developing standards, conceptualizing, leading, matching oneself with one’s job,
& delegating.

MIDDLE MANAGEMENT SKILLS:

In middle management group, there may be managers at different levels placed

between the top management & supervisors. Usually, they are concerned with a particular
functional area of the organization. There is a tendency of faster movement of this group
of managers. Therefore, they require a variety of skills which must be relevant for their
entire career. While at the lower end of middle management, more of technical & human
skills are required; at the higher end of middle management, more creative & integrative
skills are required. Thus, the managers in the middle require human relations skill,
leadership skill, motivating skills & integrative skill.
 SUPERVISORY MANAGEMENT SKILLS:

Supervisors may also be classified into front-line, intermediate, & senior. Since
they are directly concerned with operatives where the actual operations of the
organization take place, supervisors should possess skills which help them to get things
done by operatives. Every supervisor in the organization should have sound technical
knowledge of his field to provide instructions & guidance to operatives, interpersonal
skill for creating proper work environment, & communication skill for interacting with
higher management.