Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Dr Jun Ren
Revision methodology
1
Outline
1. Total Quality management
2. Quality Cost
3. FMEA
4. SPC
5. Six Sigma
6. QFD
7. Quality Gurus
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Basic elements of TQM
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Two set of Quality Costs
• Control costs
– Prevention costs
– Appraisal costs
• Failure costs
G o o d q u a lity u n its
QPR = (1 0 0 )
(in p u t)(p ro c . c o s t) + (d e f. u n its )(re w o rk c o s t)
5:28 8
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Part 3 FMEA: What is FMEA?
Benefits of FMEA?
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Part 4: What is SPC?
supposed to be doing.
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What is “in Control”?
• Most points are near the process average (i.e. Centre line),
statistical control
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P-chart
P-chart uses the proportion defective items in a sample to
monitor production process.
c-Chart
UCL = c + zσc
σc = c
LCL = c - zσc
where
c = number of defects per sample
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R- Chart
∑R
R= k
where
R = range of each sample
k = number of samples
x-bar Chart
x1 + x2 + ... xk
x= = k
= =
UCL = x + A2R LCL = x - A2R
where
=
x = average of sample means
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Process Capability
• Tolerances
• Process capability
Process Capability
Process Capability
Design
Specifications
Process
Design
Specifications
Process
Process Capability
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Process Capability (cont.)
Design
Specifications
Process
Process Capability
tolerance range
Cp =
process range
upper specification limit -
lower specification limit
= 6σ
σ
Process Capability
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Part 5: What is “Six Sigma”?
Three level Definitions:
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Six Sigma Essential Themes
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DMAIC – The Improvement Methodology
Key Define Tools: Key Measure Key Analyze Key Improve Key Control
• Cost of Poor Tools: Tools: Tools: Tools:
Quality (COPQ) • Critical to Quality • Histograms, • Solution Selection • Control Charts
• Voice of the Requirements Boxplots, Multi- Matrix • Contingency
Customer (VOC) (CTQs) Vari Charts, etc. • To-Be Process and/or Action
• Project Charter • Sample Plan • Hypothesis Tests Map(s) Plan(s)
• As-Is Process • Capability • Regression
Map(s) Analysis Analysis
• Primary Metric • Failure Modes
(Y) and Effect
Analysis (FMEA)
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Purpose of QFD
House of Quality
Importance
Trade-off matrix
3
Design
characteristics
1 4 2
6 Target values
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Completed
House of Quality
SS = Silverstone
MG = Mirorrglide
T = Titanium
Product
characteristics
requirements
Customer
Part characteristics
A-1
characteristics
Product
Process
House A-2 characteristics
of
characteristics
quality
Parts
Part
Operations
A-3
deployment
characteristics
Process
Process A-4
planning
Operating
requirements
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House of Quality Summary
• Inputs:
– Customer requirements
– Technical requirements
– Customer priorities
– Market reality / competitive analysis
– Organization’s strengths & weaknesses
• Outputs
– Prioritized technical requirements
– Measurable, testable goals
Benefits of QFD
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Part 7: What is Quality Guru
Quality Gurus
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