What is used to indicate that a baseline is not usable?

a) Blank
b) Blink
c) Pulse
d) Continuous wave
Which mode of Loran-C requires a minimum of 3 transmitters with iterative computation to obtain a fix?
a) Hyperbolic mode
b) Rho-Rho-Rho
c) Rho-Rho-Theta
d) Rho-Theta-Zulu
Which of the following is false about Direct ranging in Loran-C?
a) Uses Rho-Rho mode
b) Requires minimum 2 stations
c) Cost efficient
d) High stable user frequency standard
Which of the following advantages does the differential Loran-C provide?
a) Stable user frequency
b) No seasonal errors
c) Cost efficient
d) Very high range of 500miles
Which of the following methods breaks the signal into finite segments to find the ASF?
a) Millington’s method
b) Bill’s method
c) Differential method
d) Table look up process
What is the number of systems used for redundancy in a transmitting station?
a) 2
b) 1
c) 5
d) 3
Which of the following derives all the signals needed by the transmitter from the timer?
a) PATCO
b) ECD
c) HCG
d) TOPCO
In Omega system, a given frequency is transmitted by only one station at any given time.
a) True
b) False
c) Can’t Say
d) Invalid Question
HCGs are the power generators of the Loran-C transmitter stations.
a) True
b) False
c) Can’t Say
d) Invalid Question
What is the use of notch filters in Loran-C receivers?
a) Reduce interference from other frequencies
b) Reduce interference from other stations
c) Reduce interference from sky waves
d) Reduce atmospheric noise
What type of transmission is used in Omega system?
a) Amplitude modulated wave
b) Continuous wave
c) Phase modulated wave
d) Frequency modulated wave
Which of the following type is not used in an Omega system?
a) Grounded tower
b) Insulated tower
c) Hanging tower
d) Valley span
_____ acts as a coarse tuning device for the antenna?
a) Loop
b) Helix
c) Amplifiers
d) Filters
What type of transmitter is used in a Decca system?
a) Frequency synthesizer
b) Local oscillator
c) Crystal controlled
d) Digital
What is the approximate range of Chayka system?
a) 200mi
b) 100mi
c) 300mi
d) 1000mi
Hyperbolic navigational systems are called so because of their hyperbolic lines of position.
a) True
b) False
c) Can’t Say
d) Invalid Question
Which one of the following is not a hyperbolic radio system?
a) Loran-C
b) Omega
c) Chayka
d) VOR
What does Omega and Decca have in common?
a) Both measure the phase difference
b) Both measure the time difference
c) Both measure the power difference
d) Both operate in the same frequency range
Loran-C is a line of sight navigational system.
a) True
b) False
c) Can’t Say
d) Invalid Question
Which of the following is not true with respect to Loran-C?
a) Loran stands for Long range navigation
b) Uses ground waves
c) Uses pulse techniques
d) Subjected to site errors
What is the minimum number of transmitter stations required for a Loran system?
a) 3
b) 2
c) 1
d) 5
Which technique, in Loran, allows the use of single transmitter station in two chains?
a) Blinking
b) Blanking
c) Pulsing
d) Continuous wave transmission
What is the pulse frequency used in Loran?
a) 120MHz
b) 150MHz
c) 100kHz
d) 1000MHz
_____ is defined as the portion of pules after 65μsec?
a) Pulse trailing edge
b) Final pulse
c) Decay zone
d) Null
The short term propagation effects caused by local weather changes are called as ______________
a) Seasonal
b) Temporal
c) Diurnal
d) Noise
What is the process of ensuring that the receiver works on ground waves?
a) PGTR identification
b) ECD
c) HCG
d) TOPCO
Which of the following is not a function of the monitoring facility in Omega systems?
a) Monitor performance
b) Acts as relays
c) Provide data to phase synchronize the stations
d) Detect solar terrestrial events
Which of the following is false with respect to Omega systems?
a) Four common transmitted signal frequencies
b) One unique frequency for each station
c) 0.2 sec separation between each of eight transmissions
d) Constant length transmission periods
Which of the following techniques reduces the diurnal variation but does little effect on the phase
behaviour of signal of equal path length over different environments?
a) Composite Omega
b) Propagation corrections
c) PPC
d) Subtracting the signal phases at two of the frequencies
What is the region in which Omega signals are confined according to VLF wave guide model known as?
a) Earth-Atmosphere wave guide
b) Sea-Ionosphere wave guide
c) Earth-Sea wave guide
d) Earth-Ionosphere wave guide
Which of the following is the most fundamental for satellite navigation?
a) Power source in satellite
b) Position and acceleration of satellite
c) Distance from the Earth
d) Total number of satellites in the sky
What is the line connecting the intersection of the orbital plane with the Earth’s equatorial plane called?
a) Critical point
b) Intersection plane
c) Line of nodes
d) Differential line
When the satellite crosses the equatorial plane from the southerly latitude to the northerly, the point is
called descending node.
a) True
b) False
c) Can’t Say
d) Invalid Question
What is the number of independent constants required to specify the nominal orbit?
a) 6
b) 5
c) 2
d) 7
The line connecting the perigee and apogee is called as?
a) Differential line
b) Line of apsides
c) Line of maximum reception
d) Overhead line
Which of the following is not one of the perturbations that make the satellite to vary from its elliptical
path?
a) Solar activity b) Asymmetrical components of Earth’s gravitational field
c) Air drag d) Motion of a passing comet
Why is the BFW system used?
a) To control aerodynamically efficient but unstable body
b) For communications in aircraft
c) Better navigation
d) Reduced chances of enemy detection
How is fly by wire system implemented in an aircraft?
a) By using control rods and linkages connecting stick to control surfaces
b) By using high power radio transmitters and receivers
c) By using computers and actuators to control surfaces
d) Artificial intelligence
Which one of the following is not true with respect to the FBW system?
a) FBW is not necessary for every aircraft
b) FBW makes an aircraft stealthy
c) FBW provides better control and carefree flying
d) FBW makes aircraft with low stability fly smoothly
Which of the following is not a component of the FBW system?
a) Flight control computer
b) Aircraft motion sensor
c) Actuators
d) Communication receivers
FBW system requires an air data system for control and stability.
a) True
b) False
c) Can’t Say
d) Invalid Question
How are FBW signals transmitted?
a) Simplex
b) Duplex
c) Time division multiplexing
d) Code division multiplexing
Which one of the following is a military standard data bus?
a) Mil Std 1553
b) ARINC 629
c) ARINC 429
d) COMAC C919
What type of cable is used in ARINC 629?
a) Coaxial cable
b) Screened twisted pair
c) Unscreened twisted pair
d) Parallel lines
Why are actuators used in FBW systems?
a) Movement of control surfaces
b) Reduce drag
c) Increase lift
d) Safety equipment
Why both electrical and hydraulic systems are used in the same aircraft?
a) To generate more force
b) Quick deflections
c) As a fail safe
d) Hydraulics for more force and electric for quick deflections
The reason for using quadruplex actuation system is _______
a) precise movement
b) to counteract heavy air loads on the control surfaces
c) quick reaction to the control stick movement
d) as a fail safe mechanism
In a typical quadruplex actuator system, how is the failure of an actuator identified?
a) By comparing it with the signal of the three good ones
b) By comparing it with a simulation model
c) Using in-lane fault detection
d) Using reflectometry
Which one of the following is not a function of the FMS?
a) Flight guidance and control of flight path
b) Monitor and regulate speed of the aircraft
c) Automatically switch between different types of communication
d) Automatic control of engine thrust
What does the following figure represent?
a) Flight Management System
b) Flight Data System
c) Total autopilot system
d) Flight Management Computer
The number of independent FMS in a typical commercial aircraft is?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 5
d) 7
Which of the following is not a way cockpit-flight crew interfaces in the FMS?
a) Primary Flight Display
b) Multi Function Display
c) Keyboard and Cursor Control Unit
d) Target Detection and Locking System
What type of cockpit flight crew interface is used to enter or modify the data on the MFD?
a) Keyboard and Cursor Control Unit
b) Control stick
c) Control Switches
d) Control levers
What control does the EFIS Control Panel provide?
a) Control over graphical and textual FMS data
b) Control over flight plan
c) Control over flight performance
d) Navigation through FMS pages
What is the number of Flight Management Computers used in a typical commercial aircraft?
a) 2
b) 1
c) 4
d) 3
What operating mode of the FMS does the figure show?
a) Double mode
b) Independent mode
c) Single mode
d) Redundancy mode
What is ILS?
a) Instrument landing system
b) Indian Levitation System
c) Indian Landing system
d) International Levitation system
Which one of the following can provide a reliable and accurate approach path guidance in category II
visibility conditions?
a) ILS
b) MLS
c) SBAS
d) VHF
What are the two main components of an ILS on the ground?
a) Horizontal alignment transmitter and vertical alignment transmitter
b) Localizer transmitter and glide slope transmitter
c) Center line transmitter and glide slope transmitter
d) Center line transmitter and approach slope transmitter
What is the frequency used by the localizer transmitter?
a) VHF
b) UHF
c) MF
d) LF
What is the frequency used by the glide slope transmitter?
a) VHF
b) UHF
c) MF
d) LF
The use of autopilot for landing using ILS does not depend on _______
a) Visibility category
b) ILS ground installation standard
c) Runway lighting installation
d) Weight of the aircraft
Under what category does zero visibility conditions come?
a) Category I
b) Category II
c) Category III
d) Category IV
What is DH?
a) Distance Height
b) Direct Height
c) Decision Height
d) Direction height
What is the frequency of marker beacon transmission?
a) 100 MHz
b) 75 MHz
c) 1 GHz
d) 1000 MHz
MLS has a wide selection of channels to avoid interference with nearby airports
a) True
b) False
c) Can’t Say
d) Invalid Question
At what height is the auto flare initiated?
a) 100 ft
b) 50 ft
c) 25 ft
d) 10 ft
What type of controller is used in an auto flare control?
a) Proportional plus derivative
b) Proportional plus integral
c) Proportional plus integral plus derivative
d) Proportional only
What is the velocity at the start of flare maneuver if the approach speed is 130 knots?
a) 2.91 m/s
b) 3 m/s
c) 3.56 m/s
d) 10 m/s
What is the position accuracy that can be achieved by satellite guidance systems?
a) 10 m
b) 5 m
c) 0.5 m
d) 1 m
Who discovered the radio waves?
a) Heinrich Hertz
b) Guglielmo Marconi
c) Thomas Edison
d) Alexander Bell
What is the component that converts an electrical signal into a signal suitable for transmission in a given
medium?
a) Transmitter b) Receiver
c) Amplifier d) Duplexer
What type of communication is used for underwater communication?
a) Radio communication
b) Microwave communication
c) SONAR
d) Satellite communication
Earth is considered as a communication medium.
a) True
b) False
c) Can’t Say
d) Invalid Question
A device that can both transmit and receive is called as?
a) Transducer
b) Duplexer
c) Radar
d) Transceivers
Radio transmission is always the speed of light irrespective of the medium.
a) True
b) False
c) Can’t Say
d) Invalid Question
What are the factors that affect signal propagation speed assuming no noise?
a) Wavelength of the signal
b) Frequency of the signal
c) Strength of electrical and magnetic fields
d) Permeability and permittivity of medium
Which of the following is not an example of simplex communication?
a) Radio broadcast
b) TV broadcast
c) UAV/drone control from ground
d) Walkie talkie
What type of communication is used in a commercial walkie talkie?
a) Simplex
b) Full duplex
c) Half duplex
d) Multiplex
What type of communication is used between ATC and aircraft?
a) Simplex
b) Full duplex
c) Half duplex
d) Half simplex
In what type of communication is time division multiplexing possible?
a) Analog
b) Digital
c) Duplex
d) Simplex
What are FM and AM collectively referred together as?
a) Modulation
b) Angle modulation
c) Fast band modulation
d) Hi-fi Modulation
The value of a change in frequency of the carrier wave by the modulating signal is called as?
a) Maximum modulation frequency
b) Maximum carrier frequency
c) Frequency deviation
d) Modulating frequency deviation
The maximum shift in frequency is 3kHz and the minimum and maximum deviation in frequency of the
actual signal are 149.97MHz and 150.03MHz. What is the carrier frequency?
a) 150MHz b) 153MHz
c) 140MHz d) 100Mhz
The frequency of modulating signal has no effect on the amount of frequency deviation of a carrier signal
in FM.
a) True
b) False
c) Can’t Say
d) Invalid Question
What type of modulation uses discrete values of carrier frequencies to transmit binary data?
a) Frequency modulation
b) Amplitude shift keying
c) Frequency shift keying
d) Phase modulation
FM and PM are more susceptible to noise than AM signals.
a) True
b) False
c) Can’t Say
d) Invalid Question
Which of the following is false with respect to Pulse modulation?
a) Depends only on the frequency of the modulating signal
b) Phase of the carrier wave changes with respect to the modulating signal
c) Less affected by noise
d) Used to digitally transmit analog data
What is the ratio of frequency deviation to the modulating frequency is known as?
a) Frequency index
b) Modulating index
c) Modulation index
d) Modulation ratio
What is the modulation index of a system with modulating frequency 75kHz and maximum frequency
deviation 15kHz?
a) 5 b) 7
c) 3 d) 1
What is the deviation ratio if the maximum deviation is 25kHz and the maximum modulating frequency is
15kHz?
a) 1.55 b) 1.667
c) 4.7 d) 2.13
What is it called when an FM signal occupies no more spectrum space than AM signal?
a) Amplitude modulated frequency wave
b) Narrowband FM
c) Shortband FM
d) Equalband FM
What is the modulation index for the FM to behave as a narrowband?
a) 1
b) 0.5
c) 0.25
d) 0.1
What is the number of significant sidebands produced when the bandwidth of the signal is 24kHz and the
modulating frequency is 3kHz?
a) 4 b) 5
c) 6 d) 7
According to Carson’s rule, what is the bandwidth of the signal with a deviation of 30kHz and a
maximum modulating signal of frequency 5kHz?

a) 70kHz b) 90kHz
c) 100kHz d) 80kHz
Which of the following is false with respect to digital data transmission?
a) LAN is a digital data transmission
b) Can transmit binary data
c) Only restricted to communication between computers
d) Can transmit analog data
Why is digital data not easily affected by noise?
a) High power transmission
b) Cannot easily change binary 1 to 0
c) High frequency transmission
d) Low frequency transmission
What is the process of digital communication where a threshold value is set at the receiver to reduce
noise?
a) Signal threshold b) Data regeneration
c) Signal regeneration d) Signal cut off
What is the number of error bits that occur for a given number of bits transmitted called?
a) Bit error
b) Error rate
c) Bit error rate
d) Error bit rate
Data is transmitted in 512 bytes. What is the average number of errors expected if the system BER is
2:10,000?
a) 1
b) 0
c) 0.542
d) 0.819