Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
GUARANTEE ..................................................................................................................................................2
1) USE AND CARE OF THE "USE AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL" .................................................3
1.1 Cases which alleviate the manufacturer from responsibility ................................................................... 3
1.2 Request for a new manual ....................................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Limits to manual’s use............................................................................................................................. 3
1.4 Updates to Manual ................................................................................................................................... 3
1.5 Additional information and explanations ................................................................................................ 3
2) EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................................4
2.1 Technical data .......................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2 Dimensions (see reference diagram 1) .................................................................................................... 4
3) OPERATING CONDITIONS .....................................................................................................................4
4) GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS .....................................................................................................6
5) INSTRUCTIONS .........................................................................................................................................7
5.1 Specialised personnel .............................................................................................................................. 7
5.2 Transport instructions .............................................................................................................................. 7
5.3 Assembly instructions ............................................................................................................................. 7
5.4 Prohibitions and instructions for use ....................................................................................................... 8
6) MAINTENANCE .........................................................................................................................................9
6.1 Compulsory checks to be made by the operator before switching on ..................................................... 9
6.2 Ordinary maintenance ............................................................................................................................. 9
6.3 Extraordinary maintenance .................................................................................................................... 10
6.4 Assistance service .................................................................................................................................. 10
6.5 Hydraulic circuit trouble shooting ......................................................................................................... 10
6.6 Calibration and regulation ..................................................................................................................... 11
7) REGISTER .................................................................................................................................................12
7.1 Installation card ..................................................................................................................................... 12
7.2 Inspections, periodical checks and extraordinary interventions card .................................................... 12
7.3 Instructions for care ............................................................................................................................... 12
7.4 Writing up instructions .......................................................................................................................... 12
8) DISASSEMBLY, DISMANTLING AND DEMOLITION.....................................................................13
9) SECURITY SIGNALS ..............................................................................................................................13
10) SCHEMES ................................................................................................................................................14
11) SPARE PARTS LIST ..............................................................................................................................18
OPTIONAL
1
GUARANTEE
Every equipment produced is guaranteed for a period of twelve (12) months from the date of delivery;
During the course of the guarantee, ROZZI S.p.A assures the substitution free of charge of any
accessory, component or part that, under the unobjectionable view of its technicians, shows defects to the
material and/or the workmanship;
The inspection of accessories, components, or parts of equipment is to be carried out solely at the ROZZI
S.p.A premises.
All items subject to guarantee must reach the ROZZI S.p.A. under “free port”, while the return of items
replaced under guarantee will be made without further costs;
Any investigations in locus and labour costs relevant to the substitution of the defective items are
payable by the client;
Not covered by the guarantee are all those components and accessories subject to normal wear and tear
through regular use of the equipment.
1. Lack of observation, even if minimal, of the instructions contained in the “Use and Maintenance
manual” supplied with the equipment;
2. Improper use of the equipment;
3. Use of the equipment by untrained personnel;
4. Unauthorised interventions and modifications;
5. Use of non original spare parts;
6. Use of spare parts not in compliance with the type of equipment supplied;
7. Atmospheric and climactic conditions or exceptional events unforeseen during the planning stages.
2
1) USE AND CARE OF THE "USE AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL"
The use and maintenance manual is intended for the attention of those responsible for installation,
transport, maintenance, overhaul and repair of the equipment as well as for all operators who use the
apparatus during its function. Especially important are those sections of the manual relevant to work
safety.
The information contained in this manual serves to highlight the correct use of the equipment, according
to the anticipated purposes of design and construction.
Furthermore, there are indications regarding handling, installation, maintenance, overhaul and problem
troubleshooting all of which respect the limits imposed by the manufacturer as mentioned in this manual.
The use and maintenance manual is an integrative part of the equipment and must be kept until the latter
is dismantled.
The manual must be kept in a secure place and always in the vicinity of the equipment, and
consequently, at the complete disposal of anybody requiring it for consultation.
The manufacturer reserves the right to modify the machine and the manuals without any obligation to
up-date previous editions.
The user may ask for information and adjournments which, when supplied, form an integral part of the
manual.
The user is invited, in the event of sale of the equipment, to pass on the manual and to inform the
manufacturer about the new owner.
3
2) EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION
The RP-RPG… polyp-grab is a handling unit consisting in 5 tines having independent movement.
Each one is operated by a double acting hydraulic cylinder. Both tines and cylinders are fixed onto a robust
frame-work
The function of the polyp-grab takes place through the hydraulic controls of the machine on which it
is mounted. The RPG version is equipped with an hydraulic actuator (see hydraulic diagram and motor
enclosure) which allows the partial or complete rotation of the grab around the vertical axis. For the
installation, use and maintenance of the potentially coupled actuator, please consult the relevant manual.
3) OPERATING CONDITIONS
DO NOT USE THE POLYP-GRAB WITHOUT HAVING FULLY UNDERSTOOD THE
INSTRUCTIONS CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL.
The polyp-grab RP/RPG502-602 are suitable to handle loose material having a medium specific
weight of 3500 daN/m3. The equipment is available in two versions : the standard range with half-closed
tines and the “S” range with open tines (teeth). The standard range is designed to handle material of a
medium-small size, while the “S” range is designed to handle material of a larger size (for example ; blocks,
compressed scrap, etc.) or material that is compressible (for example ; refuse, metal chips, etc.).
Warning : do not use the standard range for material of a very large size as this may cause
dangerous accidents and/or breakage of the equipment.
Warning : it is absolutely forbidden to handle beams and any other material that does not
grant a secure hold as this may provoke dangerous accidents and/or breakage of the equipment.
DEFINITIONS
machine = lifting means on which the polyp-grab is mounted
interface = device used for the connection of the polyp-grab to the machine boom
equipment = polyp-grab
4
WORKING AREA: The working area to which the equipment is destined is related to the range of
the machine on which it is mounted. The equipment, however, requires a sufficiently large enough space
granting a diameter, which is at least as large as the grab’s maximum size when fully open.
WARNING: Make sure that anybody who may be working in the vicinity, keeps a safe
distance of at least 20 metres from the equipment and from the machine on which it is mounted.
If the equipment is required for a use other than the one mentioned above it is advisable to consult
the manufacturer’s technicians for advice whereupon they will provide their binding opinion.
The operating of the lifting means is restricted to trained personnel. The crane operator is liable for
the correct use of the lifting means and of the equipment. He must respect the general safety standards
and the manufacturer’s instructions for use pertaining to the means of lifting and to the equipment.
The equipment has been designed and built to operate both in the open air and in enclosed spaces: its
function and performance are not influenced by, or are liable to, atmospheric agents except for particularly
unfavourable environment and climactic conditions.
5
4) GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
PROHIBITIONS:
DANGERS:
DANGER OF FALLING OBJECTS;
DANGER OF SHEARING;
DANGER OF CRUSHING;
DANGER OF IMPACT.
OBLIGATIONS:
THE OPERATION OF THE LIFTING MEANS IS RESTRICTED TO TRAINED PERSONNEL.
ALL SAFETY STANDARDS INDICATED FOR THE MACHINE ARE ALSO VALID FOR THE
EQUIPMENT. IN THE EVENT OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE MACHINE SAFETY
STANDARDS AND THE EQUIPMENT SAFETY STANDARDS, THE MORE RESTRICTIVE ONES
SHOULD BE APPLIED;
THE CONFORMITY OF THE EQUIPMENT WITH THE MACHINE’S GUIDELINES IS VALID
ONLY IF THE MACHINE ON WHICH IT IS MOUNTED CONFORMS TO SUCH GUIDELINES;
BEFORE CARRYING OUT ANY REPAIR, MAINTENANCE OR CLEANING OPERATION, THE
FOLLOWING STEPS MUST BE COMPLETED:
1. REST THE EQUIPMENT ON THE GROUND IN A STABLE POSITION;
2. SWITCH OFF THE MACHINE;
3. REMOVE THE KEY FROM THE MACHINE’S ELECTRIC SWITCHBOARD;
4. WAIT FOR THE OIL TO COOL (ABOUT 2 HOURS).
FURTHER:
a. The equipment security is related to the efficiency of the machine's safety systems;
b. The machine must be equipped with an acoustic and visual signal to warn people of the machine's and
equipment's functioning.
6
5) INSTRUCTIONS
Hoisting: to be carried out through linkage to the upper attachment (see diagram 2).
Storage: to be carried out with extreme care due to the equipment’s unstable structure when placed in a
closed, vertical position without support.
Vehicular transport: it is possible to transport the equipment upon pallet and/or by fixing it securely to
the transport vehicle. All loading procedures must be carried out with the vehicle’s engine switched off
and the brakes engaged. During these procedures, our specialised and/or authorised personnel will
continuously check that all operations (hoisting, positioning on the transport vehicle, etc ...) are carried
out following safety standards. The equipment’s stability on the vehicle’s transportation platform must
be assured by way of secure fastenings through self-locking belts (or similar), wedges and other devices
suited for such a purpose. Finally, it is the transporter’s duty to guarantee and check the security of all
clamps, belts et cetera, before and during transport.
WARNING: the drives must have three positions with an automatic return to the central position when
the operator concludes the procedure. Furthermore, blocking the drive in a position other than that of neutral
is strictly not allowed.
WARNING: if the machine’s hydraulic system does not have the above characteristics, it is necessary to
modify the system. This procedure must be carried out strictly by authorised personnel employed by
the machine’s manufacturers.
7
3. position the machine’s hook close to the equipment and switch off the machine. Carry out the
mechanical connection;
4. check that the linkage device is accurately positioned (hook with safety device or shackle with nut
and cotter pin);
5. carry out the hydraulic connection (see hydraulic diagram and the areas marked "G" on the potential
lubrication diagram). Assemble anti-tearing devices on the feeder hoses.
If the equipment is connected directly to the machine’s arm (e.g. excavator), follow subsequent
instructions:
1. Use interfaces supplied either by ROZZI S.p.A or by the machine’s manufacturer;
2. Should the interface be supplied by the machine’s manufacturer, follow their instructions;
3. Having checked its suitability, connect the interface to the machine;
4. Position the machine’s boom close to the equipment and carry out the mechanical connection with
the interface and the equipment by using the linkage pin(s);
5. Fasten the connection pin(s) and check that the position is true;
6. Carry out the hydraulic connection (see hydraulic and lubrication diagrams: in particular, connect the
“rotation” hoses with the “R” attachments and the “opening” hoses with the “G” attachments.
Should the grab belong to the RS range, see hydraulic diagram and diagram 3 for connection).
Lubricate the "L" points as shown on the lubrication diagram (use the same grease as for the machine
joints);
Should the equipment belong to the RS range grease the bearing disc as shown in enclosure 1 of this
manual;
Carry out a test run to check that the equipment’s movements correspond to the drive’s instructions.
Contrarily, invert the hose connections or modify the indications on the machine’s drives.
WARNING: the non-observance of the following instructions may provoke dangerous situations
and/or serious damage to the equipment making it unstable:
Avoid allowing loads to swing during lifting and handling;
Handling of loads must be carried out in avoidance of circumstances that may provoke dangerous
situations or that may result in damage to people or things.
It is absolutely forbidden to pass within the machine’s and the equipment’s radius of activity:
keep a MINIMUM safety distance of 20 metres.
It is forbidden to use the equipment either closed or opened to compress material.
It is forbidden to use the equipment to rip or drag any object.
It is forbidden to leave the machine unattended whilst loads are suspended from the grab.
If valves are present, it is forbidden to modify their calibration (see hydraulic diagram).
8
It is forbidden to lift and/or move the machine by resting its weight upon the equipment.
WARNING: It is forbidden to lift and handle loads with characteristics varying from those as
described in paragraph 3.
6) MAINTENANCE
WARNING: during operations the oil may reach high temperatures: before carrying out any
intervention allow the oil to cool completely (about 2 hours).
WARNING: before carrying out any repair, maintenance or cleaning operation, the
subsequent steps must be followed:
1. Before carrying out any maintenance, make sure that the designated area is suitable for such a
purpose: its surface must be of a diameter at least double the size of the grab when fully open;
2. Rest the equipment on the ground in a stable position;
3. Switch off the machine and remove the key from the switchboard;
4. Wait for the oil to cool.
9
11. Check the condition of the hydraulic hoses feeding the equipment as well as the relevant
connections. These must be replaced should they become deteriorated or be lost.
WARNING:
POSSIBILITY OF RESIDUAL PRESSURES WITHIN THE CIRCUIT. BEFORE ANY
INTERVENTION, RELEASE PRESSURE;
REMOVAL OF THE PINS MAY PROVOKE UNFORESEEN MOVEMENTS OF THE
CARPENTRY. IMMOBILISE THE COMPONENTS BEFORE ANY INTERVENTION.
WARNING: Should mechanical and/or hydraulic components require replacement, use only
original spare parts. ROZZI S.p.A. may supply these by specifying the model and code of the piece required
(see Spare Parts enclosure) as well as the CE Nº and construction year of the equipment.
Every 500 hours check carefully every piece connecting the grab to the machine hook:
1. Bolts of the attachment plate;
2. Attachment plate, flange, pin and bushes;
3. Immediately replace the parts which appear worn or deformed;
4. Check that the hydraulic connections going between the equipment and the machine are in perfect
condition;
5. Check there are no leakages within the hydraulic system and that the hoses, if present, are in perfect
condition;
6. Check that the grab between pin and bush is less than 0.6 mm. Should it be more, replace the worn
parts;
7. Check the seals on the cylinders. If necessary replace them;
8. Check the condition of the metallic structure;
9. Check the tightness and the condition of the pin blocking nuts and of the bolted joints;
10. Check the function of the equipment.
10
WARNING: it is absolutely forbidden to modify or tamper with machine parts that may
influence its safety.
11
7) REGISTER
12
8) DISASSEMBLY, DISMANTLING AND DEMOLITION
Specialised firms must carry out the demolition of the equipment. Every function must be carried
out by specialised personnel that have read the instructions contained in this manual. Each movement of the
equipment within the disposal area must be carried out by way of a suitable means with a loading capacity
superior to that of the equipment’s weight. The operations of disassembly and dismantling must be done
following environmental laws, it is particularly important to avoid oil spillage from the hydraulic circuit into
the environment.
The disassembly operations must be carried out in the following order:
1. If present remove the hydraulic actuator used for the equipment’s rotation, taking care to recover the oil
it contains;
2. If present remove the hydraulic hoses and the valves taking care to recover the oil they contain;
3. Remove the fastening pins in each cylinder. Warning: the removal of the pins may cause unforeseen
movements of the carpentry. Immobilise relevant parts before commencing any operation. It is
possible that the cylinders will fall if not suitably supported;
4. Dismantle each cylinder, taking care to recover the oil they contain.
Do not forget it is absolutely forbidden to disperse waste material from the dismantled grab
into the environment. Such waste must be disposed of in appropriate collection points.
9) SECURITY SIGNALS
13
10) SCHEMES
14
Schema 2; Scheme 2; Schéma 2; Zeichnung 2
15
Schema idraulico, Hydraulic scheme, Schéma hydraulique, Hydraulikschaltplan;
16
Schema 5; Scheme 5; Schéma 5; Zeichnung 5
17
11) SPARE PARTS LIST
RP502 – RPG502 – RP602 – RPG602 – RR700 RRG700
Descrizione - Description
Pos 5 DIVISIONI - Ver.1A 6 DIVISIONI - Ver.1A
Beschreibung
Q.ty N. Cod. Q.ty N. Cod.
1.1 Perno incernieramento stelo 5 A04024 6 A04024
1.2 Dado autobloccante M30x2 H17 10 C037 12 C037
1.3 Ingrassatore diritto M10x1 16 B077 19 B077
1.4 Martinetto Pos. 4.1
1.5 Perno incernieramento canna 5 A04023 6 A04023
1.6 Dado UNI 7473 M14 4 C062 4 C062
1.7 Rondella acciaio M14 8 M053 8 M053
1.8 Boccola cementata 10 P06009 12 P06009
1.9 Vite UNI 5737 M14x50 4 B217 4 B217
1.10 Castello 1 T258 1 T255
1.11 Vite UNI 5739 M10x40 10 B181 12 B181
1.12 Carter 3 U249 4 U248
1.13 Rondella acciaio M10 10 M064 12 M064
1.14 Dado UNI 7473 M10 10 C033 12 C033
1.15 Carter alimentazioni 2 U251 2 U250
1.16 Perno incernieramento dente 5 A06019 6 A06019
1.17 Dado autobloccante M42 5 C044 6 C044
1.18 Dado UNI 7473 M16 - “OPTIONAL” 5 C030 6 C030
1.19 Vite UNI 5931 M16x240 - “OPTIONAL” 5 B317 6 B317
1.20 Protezione martinetto - “OPTIONAL” 5 *** 6 ***
18.05.2012 Ver.1A
1.19 1.9
1.7
1.18
1.20
1.10
1.11
1.8
1.12
1.2
1.7 1.13
1.3
1.6 1.8
1.14
1.4 1.11
1.5 1.3
1.13 1.16
1.3
1.14
1.2
1.15
1.17
1.1
18
RP502 – RPG502 – RP602 – RPG602 – RR700 RRG700
Descrizione - Description
Pos 5 DIVISIONI - Ver.1A 6 DIVISIONI - Ver.1A
Beschreibung
Q.ty N. Cod. Q.ty N. Cod.
1.1.1 Pala RP502 – RPG502 5 SC086 6 SC084
1.1.1 Pala RP602 – RPG602 5 SC088 6 SC087
1.1.1 Pala RR700 – RRG702 5 SC092 6 SC091
1.1.2 Pala ALTA RP502 – RPG502 5 SC086-PA 6 SC084-PA
1.1.2 Pala ALTA RP602 – RPG602 5 SC088-PA 6 SC087-PA
1.1.2 Pala ALTA RR700 – RRG702 5 SC092-PA 6 SC091-PA
1.1.3 Spicco RP502 – RPG502 5 SS064 6 SS075
1.1.3 Spicco RP602 – RPG602 5 SS065 6 SS076
1.1.3 Spicco RR700 – RRG702 5 SS068 6 SS077
1.1.4 Spicco LARGO RP502 – RPG502 5 SS064-SL 6 SS075-SL
1.1.4 Spicco LARGO RP602 – RPG602 5 SS065-SL 6 SS076-SL
1.1.4 Spicco LARGO RR700 – RRG702 5 SS068-SL 6 SS077-SL
1.1.5 Punta 5 DIVISIONI 5 V062 x xxxx
1.1.6 Punta 6 DIVISIONI x xxxx 6 V063
18.05.2012 Ver. 1A
1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4
1.1.5 1.1.6
19
RP502 – RPG502 – RP602 – RPG602 – RR700 RRG700
Descrizione - Description
Pos 5 DIVISIONI - Ver.1A 6 DIVISIONI - Ver.1A
Beschreibung
Q.ty N. Cod. Q.ty N. Cod.
2.1 Distributore 1 IC132 1 IC131
2.2 Vite UNI 5931 M8x90 3 B377 2 B377
2.3 Raccordo di estremità diritto JIC 1”1/16 – 3/4” 2 H197 2 H197
2.4 Raccordo a gomito orientabile JIC 1“ 1/16 2 H196 2 H196
2.5 Tubo Ø20 raccordato JIC 1”1/16 2 H195 2 H195
2.6 Flangia di alimentazione 2 H194 2 H194
2.7 Tubo flex. 3/8” FD 12S – FD 12S 10 GB124 12 GB124
2.8 Raccordo diritto DIN 12S – 3/8” 20 H163 24 H163
18.05.2012 Ver. 1A
2.6 2.5
2.4
2.3
2.7 2.2
2.8
2.1
2.8
20
RP502 – RP602 – RR700
Descrizione - Description
Pos 5 DIVISIONI – Ver.1A 6 DIVISIONI – Ver.1A
Beschreibung
Q.ty N. Cod. Q.ty N. Cod.
3.1.1 Dado UNI 7473 M24 5 C040 6 C040
3.1.2 Rondella acciaio M24 5 M042 6 M042
3.1.3 Boccola cementata 2 P05003 2 P05003
3.1.4 Vite UNI 5937 M24x80 5 B154 6 B154
3.1.5 Attacco 1 *** 1 ***
18.05.2012 Ver. 1A
3.1.3
3.1.5
3.1.4
3.1.3
3.1.2
3.1.1
21
RPG502 – RPG602 – RRG700 con R3B-IR
Descrizione - Description
Pos 5 DIVISIONI – Ver.1A 6 DIVISIONI – Ver.1A
Beschreibung
Q.ty N. Cod. Q.ty N. Cod.
3.2.1 Raccordo DIN S20 – 3/4” 2 H200 2 H200
3.2.2 Raccordo orientabile 90° DIN S20 – 3/4” 2 H213 2 H213
3.2.3 Prolunga M 1” – F 3/4” LU=75 2 H204 2 H204
3.2.4 Rondella acciaio-gomma 1” 2 M060 2 M060
3.2.5 Dado UNI 7473 M24 10 C040 11 C040
3.2.6 Vite UNI 5739 M24x80 5 B154 6 B154
3.2.7 Tronchetto 1 *** 1 ***
3.2.8 Rotatore 1 *** 1 ***
3.2.9 Rondella NORD LOCK NL24 5 M092 6 M092
3.2.10 Vite UNI 5739 M24x70 11 B229 11 B229
3.2.11 Attacco 1 U269 1 U269
3.2.12 Rondella M24 6 M063 6 M063
3.2.13 Boccola cementata 2 P07001 2 P07001
3.2.14 Tubo flex. 3/4” F90 S20 – FD S20 lsr=205 2 *** 2 ***
08.05.2012 Ver. 1A
3.2.10
3.2.11 3.2.12
3.2.10 3.2.13
3.2.9
3.2.5
3.2.8
3.2.2
3.2.7 3.2.14
3.2.4
3.2.6
3.2.3
3.2.5
3.2.4
3.2.3 3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.14
3.2.1
22
RPG502 – RPG602 – RRG700 con R3-IR
Descrizione - Description
Pos 5 DIVISIONI – Ver.1A 6 DIVISIONI – Ver.1A
Beschreibung
Q.ty N. Cod. Q.ty N. Cod.
3.3.1 Raccordo girevole DIN S20 – 3/4” 2 H213 2 H213
3.3.2 Tubo flex. 3/4” F90 S20 – FD S20 lsr=235 2 *** x xxxx
3.3.2 Tubo flex. 3/4” F90 S20 – FD S20 lsr=255 x xxxx 2 ***
3.3.3 Raccordo DIN S20 – 3/4” 2 H200 2 H200
3.3.4 Prolunga MF 3/4” LU=55 2 *** 2 ***
3.3.5 Dado UNI 7473 M24 5 C040 6 C040
3.3.6 Vite UNI 5739 M24x80 5 B154 6 B154
3.3.7 Tronchetto 1 *** 1 ***
3.3.8 Rotatore 1 *** 1 ***
3.3.9 Rondella NORD LOCK NL16 10 M080 10 M080
3.3.10 Vite UNI 5739 M16x55 10 B169 10 B169
3.3.11 Attacco 1 U116 1 U116
3.3.12 Vite UNI 5737 M20x70 10.9 6 B225 6 B225
3.3.13 Rondella M20 6 M049 6 M049
3.3.14 Boccola cementata 2 P05003 2 P05003
18.05.2012 Ver. 1A
3.3.12
3.3.13
3.3.11
3.3.14
3.3.10
3.3.9
3.3.8 3.3.2
3.3.7
3.3.4
3.3.6 3.3.3
3.3.5
3.3.1
3.3.4
3.3.3
3.3.2
3.3.1
23
RP502 – RPG502 – RP602 – RPG602 – RR700 RRG700
Descrizione – Description
Pos 5 DIVISIONI – Ver.1A 6 DIVISIONI – Ver.1A
Beschreibung
Q.ty N. Cod. Q.ty N. Cod.
4.1 Martinetto 5 I07017 6 I07017
4.1.1 Seeger I68 10 Q045 12 Q045
4.1.2 Snodo sferico GEH 40 10 FN013 12 FN013
4.1.3 Canna 5 FC092 6 FC092
4.1.4 Guida 5 FG051 6 FG051
4.1.5 Spina elastica Ø6x55 5 *** 6 ***
4.1.6 Pistone 5 FP045 6 FP045
4.1.7 Stelo 5 FS071 6 FS071
4.1.8 Kit guarnizioni 5 K099 6 K099
18.05.2012 Ver.1A
4.1
4.1.4
4.1.8
4.1.3
4.1.5
4.1.7 4.1.2
4.1.2
4.1.1
4.1.1
4.1.8
4.1.6
24