Submitted to :

Sir inzamam

Submitted by :

Reg no :

Uw- 18-me-bsc-0 1
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LAB NO 11

Objective

To observe the effect of the size of the gap between two flat plates on capillary
elevation.

Apparatus

Parallel plate capillary apparatus

Importance of capillary action in daily life

o Plants and trees couldn't thrive without capillary action. Plants put down
roots into the soil which are capable of carrying water from the soil up into
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the plant. Water, which contains dissolved nutrients, gets inside the roots
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and starts climbing up the plant tissue. Capillary action helps bring water up
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 into the roots. But capillary action can only "pull" water up a small distance,
after which it cannot overcome gravity. To get water up to all the branches
and leaves, the forces of adhesion and cohesion go to work in the plant's
xylem to move water to the furthest leaf.
o If you dip a paper towel in water, you will see it "magically" climb up the
towel, appearing to ignore gravity. You are seeing capillary action in action,
and "climbing up" is about right - the water molecules climb up the towel
and drag other water molecules along.
o Blotting paper used to absorb spilled liquid.
o Sponges and brushes used to absorb soap water to clean the vessels.
o Capillary action is also essential for the drainage of constantly produced tear
fluid from the eye. Two tiny-diameter tubes, the lacrimal ducts, are present
in the inner corner of the eyelid; these ducts secrete tears into the eye.
o It is also necessary in the capillary action.
o Mercury raises in a thermometer to show temperature.

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 LAB NO 12

Objective

Show the free surface of static fluid is horizontal.

Apparatus

use tank nos 1 and 2 and tubes “a” ,”b” and “c” . As see in figure

Importance of Free surface flow in daily life

o In fluid dynamics, a free-surface vortex, also known as a potential vortex or

whirlpool, forms in an irrotational flow, for example when a bathtub is
drained.
o In naval architecture and marine safety, the free surface effect occurs when
liquids or granular materials under a free surface in partially filled tanks or
holds shift when the vessel heels.
o In fluid mechanics a free surface flow, also called open channel flow, is the
gravity driven flow of a fluid under a free surface, typically water flowing
under air in the atmosphere.
o In hydraulic engineering a free-surface jet is one where the entrainment of
the fluid outside the jet is minimal, as opposed to submerged jet where the
entrainment effect is significant. A liquid jet in air approximates a free
surface jet.
o It is used as stability of ship .When any tank or a compartment is partially
filled, the motion of the liquid (due to the ship's rolling and pitching
motions) would reduce the stability of the ship.
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