Sampling Distributions, Estimation and Hypothesis Testing - Multiple

Choice Questions

1. A researcher divides the population of product users into three groups based on
degree of use. If the researcher then draws a random sample from each user
group independently, she has created a _____ sample.
A. simple random
B. stratified
C. cluster
D. quota
2. If a researcher wishing to draw a sample from sequentially numbered invoices
uses a random starting point, then draws every 50 th invoice, he has thus drawn
a _____ sample.
A. simple random
B. sequential
C. stratified
D. systematic
3. Which of the following is not needed in calculating a confidence interval for a
population mean?
A. a point estimate of the population mean
B. an estimate of the population variance
C. All of the above are needed.
D. None of the above.
4. Using the standardized normal table, determine what Z value would be used to
set up a confidence interval at the 99 percent confidence level.
A. 1.01 B. 1.645
C. 1.96 D. 2.575
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5. Using the standardized normal table, determine what Z value would be used to
set up a confidence interval at the 95 percent confidence level.
A. 0.05 B. 1.645
C. 1.96 D. 2.575
6. A ___________ distribution shows the functional relationship between the
possible values of some summary characteristic of n cases drawn at random
and the probability (density) associated with each value over all possible
samples of size n from a particular population.
A. population B. sample
C. sampling D. standardized normal
7. When there are three levels of an independent variable, the null hypothesis is
that
A.1st mean > 2nd mean > 3rd mean.
B. the means are all unequal to each other.
C. the means are all equal.
D. A null hypothesis cannot be stated for three levels of an independent variable.
8. In the application of chi-square analysis, if the calculated chi-square value is
larger than the tabular chi-square value, the researcher should
A. check for a math error.
B. accept the null hypothesis.
C. reject the null hypothesis.
D. use a different technique since chi-square is inappropriate.
9. When using the chi-square analysis in bivariate problems, degrees of freedom
are calculated as (r=row and c=column)
A. (r - 1)(c - 1). B. r x c + 1.
C. (r + 1)(c + 1). D. r + (c - 1).

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10.Hypothesis testing is the part of Statistical inference that
A. helps you to prove the null hypothesis is false.
B. helps you to determine the probability that a sample is from one population or
another.
C. helps you do determine if the research hypothesis is powerful.
D. helps you to determine if the research hypothesis is true.

11.A distribution of sample means is a collection of sample means from

A. all possible samples of different sizes from different populations.
B. all possible samples of size n from different populations.
C. all possible samples of size n from the same population.
D. all possible samples of different sizes from the same population.
12. The critical region contains
A. the statistical values for which you would retain the null hypothesis.
B. the region of the distribution between your observed statistic and the critical
value.
C. the statistical values for which you would reject the null hypothesis.
D. the set of values for which the sample statistic is accurate.

13. Power of test is

A. the probability that you will reject the null hypothesis if it is false.
B. the probability that you will reject the null hypothesis if it is true.
C. the sensitivity of your experiment to detect an effect in the real world.
D. determined by your research hypothesis only.

14. If you drew all possible samples from some population, calculated the mean for
each of the samples, and constructed a line graph (showing the shape of the
distribution) based on all of those means, what would you have?
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 A. A population distribution
B. A sample distribution
C. A sampling distribution
D. A parameter distribution
15. The analysis of variance is a statistical test that is used to compare how many
group means?
A. Three or more groups.
B. Two or more groups.
C. One group.
D. None is correct.
16. What is the standard deviation of a sampling distribution called?
A. Sampling error.
B. Sample error.
C. Standard error
D. Simple error
17. Hypothesis testing and estimation are the two key branches of the field of
inferential statistics?
A. True
B. False
18.A ______ is a subset of a _________.
A. Sample, population.
B. Population, sample.
C. Statistic, parameter.
D. Parameter, statistic.
19. A __________ is a numerical characteristic of a sample and a _________ is
a numerical characteristic of a population.
A. Sample, population
B. Population, sample
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C. Statistic, parameter
D. Parameter, statistic
20. A sampling distribution might be based on which of the following?
A. Sample means
B. Sample correlations
C. Sample proportions
D. All of the above
21.As a general rule, researchers tend to use ________ percent confidence
intervals.
A. 99%
B. 95%
C. 50%
D. none of the above
22.Which of the following is the researcher usually interested in supporting
when he or she is engaging in hypothesis testing?
A. The alternative hypothesis
B. The null hypothesis
C. Both the alternative and null hypothesis
D. Neither the alternative or null hypothesis
23. _________ results if you fail to reject the null hypothesis when the null
hypothesis is actually false.
A. Type I error
B. Type II error
C. α
D. β
24. __________ is the standard deviation of a sampling distribution.
A. Standard error
B. Sample standard deviation
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 C. Sampling error
D. None is correct
25. When the researcher rejects a true null hypothesis, a _________ error
occurs.
A. Type I
B. Type A
C. Type II
D. Type B
26.The use of the laws of probability to make inferences and draw statistical
conclusions about populations based on sample data is referred to as
_____________.
A. Descriptive statistics
B. Inferential statistics
C. Sample statistics
D. Population statistics

27.The cutoff that the researcher uses to decide whether to reject the null
hypothesis is called the:
A. Significance level
B. Alpha level
C. Probability value
D. Both A and B are correct
28. The “equals” sign (=) is included in which hypothesis when conducting
hypothesis testing?
A. Null
B. Alternative
C. It can appear in both the null and the alternative hypothesis
D. None is correct
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